21 ( )
( CIP ) /.:, 2005.9 21. ISBN 7-81104-150-2... - - : -.TS212 CIP ( 2005 ) 094089 Nianmi Gongyi yu Shebei * ( ) (111 : 610031 : 028-87600564) ht tp :// press.swjtu.edu.cn E-mail : cbsxx@ swjtu.edu.cn * : 185mm260mm : 24.25 : 584 2005 9 1 2005 9 1 ISBN 7-81104-150-2/ TS041 : 39.00 : 028-87600562
,,,,,,,,,,,,,2002, 2003 2004, ( ) :,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 2005 9
( )
,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; (),,,,,, 2005 9
( 1) 1 ( 4) 1.1 ( 4) 1.2 ( 8) 1.3 (15) (21) 2 (22) 2.1 (22) 2.2 (24) 2.3 (29) 2.4 (48) 2.5 (62) (66) 3 (68) 3.1 (68) 3.2 (69) 3.3 (98) ( 100) 4 ( 101) 4.1 ( 101) 4.2 ( 107) ( 109) 5 ( 110) 5.1 ( 110) 5.2 ( 112) 5.3 ( 122) 5.4 ( 129) 5.5 ( 133) 5.6 ( 136) 5.7 ( 138) 5.8 ( 141) ( 142)
2 6 ( 143) 6.1 ( 143) 6.2 ( 147) 6.3 ( 170) 6.4 ( 172) ( 176) 7 ( 177) 7.1 ( 177) 7.2 ( 201) ( 214) 8 ( 216) 8.1 ( 216) 8.2 ( 219) 8.3 ( 222) 8.4 ( 227) 8.5 ( 227) 8.6 ( 228) ( 235) 9 ( 236) 9.1 ( 236) 9.2 ( 241) ( 249) 10 ( 250) 10.1 ( 250) 10.2 ( 251) 10.3 ( 274) ( 279) 11 ( 280) 11.1 ( 280) 11.2 ( 290) 11.3 ( 304) ( 307) 12 ( 309) 12.1 ( 309) 12.2 ( 315) ( 320) 13 ( 321) 13.1 ( 321) 13.2 ( 322)
3 13.3 ( 324) 13.4 ( 326) 13.5 ( 328) 13.6 ( 337) 13.7 ( 340) 13.8 ( 346) ( 351) ( GB13501999 ) ( 352) ( GB/ T178911999 ) ( 355) ( GB/ T188102002 ) ( 360) ( GB13541986 ) ( 363) ( 367) ( 367) ( 368) ( 369) ( 371) ( 375)
,,,,, : 1998 5.122 95, 1.987 13, 38.29 %,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 000,,,, 100,,,,,,,,,,,, 1957,
2, 1963, 1981,,, 1954,,,,, 20 90,,,,,,,, 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, :,,,, W TO,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.1 1.1.1, 1/ 3,,, 1999 11 1 ( 2000 4 1 )GB13501999 ( ) WTO ( ), GB/ T178911999, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )
1 5,,,, 1.1.2 ( ) 1-1 1-2 1-3 ( ) ( ) 1-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 1-2 1;2;3 ; 4 ; 5;6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 1.( ) ( ), 1-1 1-2,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, (2530 m ), ;,, ;,,,,, 1.52.5 mm, 1/ 51/ 4
6,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 2. ( ) ( ) 1-2 1-3, ( ),,,,,,,, 1-3,,,,,,,,, 1-3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 (),,,, ;,,, (), 1-2 :, 10 m,, ;,,, ;,,,,,, :,,, 2 m, :,, 12 m, :,,, 15,, ;, 13, 45, 2040 m,, ( ), ()
1 7,, 5.2% 7.5% :, 70%,,,,,, ;,,, 1/ 2 ; 1/ 2 ( 1/ 2),,,,,,, :,,,,, 3., :,,,, 4 1.1.3, 1-1 1-1 ( % ) 1820 1.21.5 46 6670 23.5 2.1 4.7 90.7 2.5 1-1,,,,,
8 1.2, :, 1.2.1,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, ;,,,,, 1.2.2 1.,,, : 3 ; 3 2 ; 2 1-2
1 9 1-2 (mm) 7.4 3.4 2.3 8.1 3.2 2.0 8 3.2 2.1,, 2.,, ( 0.2 mm),,,,, 1-4,,,,, 1-4 a, ; b 80% ; 70% 80% ; 70 %,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 1-4
10 1.2.3 1.,, 19% 28%, 17 % 24 % 2. ( ) : ( % ) = - 2 100%,,,,,,,,,, 3.,, 4/ 5 (4/ 5 ) : ( % ) = 100% -,, ; GB13501999, 1.2.4 1., kg/ m 3 1-3, ( ),,, ;,
1 11 1-3 ( kg/ m 3 ) ( kg/ m 3 ) ( kg/ m 3 ) 560 770 675 512 748 365 456 800 274 584 780 120 2., kg/ m 3,,,,, 1.101.22 kg/ m 3 ; 1.361.48 kg/ m 3 ; 1.41.5 kg/ m 3 3. 1 000, ( g),,, 15 43 g, 2230 g 28 g, 2428 g, 2024 g, 20 g 2527 g, 2325 g,,,, 1-4 1-4 ( g) 20.51 21.43 21.65 23.32 25.08 25.39 25.58 ( % ) 79.50 79.72 80.21 81.07 81.90 82.06 82.57 1.2.5,,,,,,, 15.64%, 50 % 8 h, 2.48%, 2% 100% ; 11%, 100 %, 2 h,,,,,,
12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.2.6 ( ) / ( kg/ ),,, ;, ;,,,,,,, 1.,, (1 ),,,, 250 g ; 500 g (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,, 2.,, : 37 kg, 57 kg, 45 kg, 34 kg, 1.53 kg, 1.5 kg 3.
1 13 (1 ),,, ;,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ) : 0 C5 C,,, 4.,,,, (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 15%, 14.2 % 14.5 % ;, 14.5 % 14.8 %,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,
14 ; ;,,,, 1.2.7 1., (), ( ),,, ( ),,,, ;,,,,, 4050, 2728, 3033,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 2.,,, 50% 56%, 40 % 45 % 3.,,,,,,
1 15 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.2.8,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 1-5,, 1 ; 2 ; 1-5 3 ; 4,,,, 1.3,,,,,,,,,,, 1.3.1 (
16 ),,, 1-5 1-5 ( % ) 11.7 8.1 1.8 64.5 8.9 5.0 12.2 9.1 2.07 4.5 1.1 1.1 12.4 7.6 0.37 8.8 0.4 0.5 12.4 21.6 20.7 29.1 7.5 8.7 13.5 14.8 18.2 35.1 9.0 9.4 8.5 3.6 0.9 29.4 39.0 18.6 1-5 ; ; ;, 1.,,, ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ;, ;, ;,, ;, ;,,,,, ;, ;, 14% 14.5% 2.,,,
1 17, 8% 10%, 15%,,,,,, 4.2% 15.9%, 12% ; 9.4% 17.8%, 13.2% ; 64.7 % 84.7%, 71.7 % ;, 2% 5%,,,,, :,,,,,, ( ),, : 7% 8%, : 6% 7%, : 13% 14 %, : 2%,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,, 2%,,, 3% 9% ; 3 % 12 % ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0.8%, 20%,,,
18 1-6 1-6 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 100 1.93.1 2329 0.20.44 100 2.43.9 7076 9798 1.63.2 2.36 0.25 ( + ) 58 17.525.3 ( ) 1.21.9 22.037.2 23 16.624.7 13 8.815.3 8994 0.30.6 4., ( C6 H 10 O5 ) n,,, 1% 2 %, ; ( )10% 33%,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( 55 C ),,, -,,,,, -, ( ),,,, 5. ( 4 % 5% ),,,,,,,,
1 19, 1-7 1-7 (g/ g, ) 0.377.23 53.5369 400 80 270 1 310 2 750 910 203275 163239 510970 1 520 nd 2646 1.813.6 190 130 280 3791 170 239374 9 77012 300 15 270 5 6807 590 2 5203 830 1 1101 850 14 800 2 100 2 440 2402 470 5771 170 17 70022 700 3 850 9 500 2801 900 140370 1 7004 400 5601 900 5601 200 3169 2251 230 240 65 1522 1221 80 100 50 6.,,,, ( A D E K ) ( B C ) B ( B1 B2 ), A E,, 1-8 1-8 ( ) A 0.13 4.2 1.3 0.95 2.44.5 0.401.26 1824 65 1630 0.750.86 0.110.37 2.03.4 5 1.43.4 4862 1022 214236 33 228334 9.411.2 0.376.2 25 16 20 14.618.6 6.37.7 27.7 3.0 33.3 0.110.13 0.0340.06 0.60 0.58 0.57 1 194 100 4 627 3 725 4 536 1 124 450 1 700 3 000 1 020 0.30 0.14 0.75 1 0.73 VB l2 0.000 5 0.001 6 0.005 0.010 5 0.003 E 13.1 149.2 87.3 62.9
20 1.3.2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1.3.3, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1-9 1-9 ( 100g ) / g / g / g / g / g / g / g / g / g VB1 / g VB2/ g VB6/ g 15.5 7.4 2.3 72.5 1.0 1.3 10 300 1.1 0.36 0.10 4.5 96 15.5 6.9 1.5 74.5 0.6 1.0 7 200 0.7 0.25 0.07 3.5 94 15.5 6.6 1.1 75.6 0.4 0.8 6 170 0.5 0.21 0.05 2.4 92 15.5 6.2 0.8 76.7 0.3 0.6 6 150 0.4 0.09 0.03 1.4 : 96 100 kg 96 kg,
1 21,,,,,,, (),,, 1.GB13501999,? 2.? 3.?? 4.??? 5.?? 6.? 7.? 8.? 9.? 10. 100 g, 78 g, 4 g, 11. 1 000 g, 800 g, 500 g,,,, 350 g,
2,,,,,,, 2.1 2.1.1 1.GB13501999 GB13511999,, : (1 ) 2.0 mm (2 ) (3 ) 2., : (1 ), 5.0 mm (2 ), 2.0 mm (3 ) (4 ), (5 ) 3., :
2 23 (1 ), (2 ) 2.1.2 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, 3., : 0.6%, 1 / kg 2.1.3, : 1., 2. ( ), 3.,,,, 4.,
24 2.2 2.2.1, 1. 2-1,, G P P : m dv dt = G - P - P,, P, : : m d v d t = G - P P < G, dv d v < 0, ; P > G, dt d t > 0, ; P = G, d v = 0,, d t,,,,,,, 2-1, ;,, 2-1 7.79.5 ( m/ s) 2-1 6.37.7 11.312.6 9.611 1114 1013 12 23 1114 2., G, P P( P
2 25 )P G R,, 2-2 R G,, R, : tan= P G tan,, 2-2, 3.,, 2-3 t an : tan= Px G - P y = Pcos G - Psin, 2-3, 30 2.2.2 1.,,,, 2-4, T FDZ80Z, 21 13, 11 12, 7,,,, 23 (, ) 2 18,,,,, 26 27, 2,,, 016 m/ s,
26 2-4 TFDZ80Z 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 16 17 ; 15 ; 18 26 27 ; 19 25 28 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 ; 24 : : 110 W; : 23 / s; ;15 mm( ) ; : 47211No3.6; : 4 kw; : 99% ; :4.55 t/ h; (cm) :80; ( mm) :80125; : 2 205 m 3 / h 2.T FX H T FX H, 2-5,,,,,,,,,,,,
2 27,,, 2-5 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 2-2 2-2 TFXH T FXH.60 T FXH.100 TFXH.150 / ( t/ h ) 1012 1518 2226 / ( m 3 / h) 5 000 7 500 11 000 / Pa 400 400 400 / ( r/ min) 2 840 2 840 2 840 / ( r/ min) 488 488 488 / ( r/ min) 343 343 343 / kw 2.6 3.6 4.0 ()/ mm 1 1781 0742 240 1 5681 0742 240 2 4561 0742 240 2.2.3 1., ;, 2.,,
28, ;,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,, 4., ;, ;,,,, 2.2.4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,, 2.2.5 T FX H 2-3 2-3 TFXH 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2 29 2-3 1. 2. 1., 2. 1. 2. 3. 1., 2. 3. 2.3 2.3.1 ( ),,, ;, 2-6,, 2-6 2.3.2,, :, ; ;, 2.3.3 1., ( ), (1 )
30 0.52.5 mm,,, ( ) 2-7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2-7 (2 ),,,, 2-8 2-8,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2 31 2.,,, (1 ),, 2-9 (2 ),, 2-10 2-9 2-10 (3 ),, ;,,,, 40%, (4 ) 3., (, 0.10.2 mm ),,, 2-11, 3.5 mm,
32 2-11 4. ( mm ), ( 63 1.520 ) ( 25.4 mm), W 7, 7W, 55 / 25.4 mm ;, 57 / 25.4 mm, 25.4 mm 5, 25.4 mm 7 50 mm 50 mm 14, Z14, ( ISO),, m, 1 mm 1 mm, mm,, 5., ( ),, (1 ) (, )(, ), 2-12, ( d1 > d2 ), ;,,,,, ( d1 = d2 ),,,
2 33, 2-12 (2 ) 2-13 ( a) ( b) ( c) ( a), ( b), (c),,, (3 ), 2-14, (a), ( b ) 2-14( b ) 2-13 2-14 6.,,, (1 ),, 2-15 :, d1 < d2 < d3 ;, < < < ; ; ( )
34 2-15 (2 ), 2-16 :, d1 > d2 > d3 ;, > > > ;, ( ) (3 ), 2-17 :, d3 > d1 > d2 : > > >,, 2-16 2-17
2 35 7. : (1 ),, 2-18 (a ),,,, (2 ),, 2-18 ( b ),, (3 ) (), 2-18 (c),,,, (4 ),, 2-18 ( d ),, 360,, (5 ),, 2-18( e) 1/ 81/ 4, 2.3.4,,,,, 1. 2-18,, (1 ) 2-19
36 2-19 TCQY 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 3, 1, 5, 4,,,,, 2020 ( mm),1616 ( mm), 1313( mm), 1313( mm )1111 ( mm ) 2020 ( mm)1313( mm ) 1616 ( mm )1111( mm) 1313 ( mm) 1111 ( mm),, 6, TCQY 2-4 2-4 TCQY TCQY.63 TCQY.80 TCQY.100 ( t/ h) 20 30 50 ( mm) 630 800 1 000 ( mm) 800 950 1 090 ( r/ min) 20 18 11.3 ( kw) Y801-40.55 Y90L-61.1 Y TC200-2.2 ( m 3 / h) 480 720 9001 200 (2 ) :, 12 min,
2 37,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 100 h,,, 6 ( 8 h ),,,,,,, 6 2.TQLZ, TQLZ 20 90,,,,,,,, (1 ) TQLZ TQLZ, 2-20 2-20 TQLZ 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5,,,,,,,,
38, 612, 045,,,, 0.5 mm, (2 ) TQLZ TQLZ 2-21 2-21 TQLZ 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 12 ;,, 10 13, ; 8, 9 (3 ) TQLZ TQLZ 2-5 2-5 TQLZ 60100 TQLZ- TQLZ- 100100 100150 T QLZ- TQLZ- 100200 150100 T QLZ- TQLZ- 150200 ( t/ h) 15 30 50 60 45 90 5 8 12 16 12 24 ( kw) 20.25 20.37 20.55 20.55 20.55 20.75 ( / min) 930 ( mm) 50.5 ( ) 045 ( Pa) 500 (m 3 / min) 32 52 65 90 80 135
2 39 2-5 60100 TQLZ- TQLZ- 100100 100150 T QLZ- TQLZ- 100200 150100 T QLZ- TQLZ- 150200 ()/ cm 60100 100100 100100 100100 150100 150200 ( kg) 365 425 500 530 550 825 1 8421 190 1 8421 610 2 3421 610 2 8461 610 1 8372 115 2 7902 180 ( )/ mm 1 143 1 143 1 143 1 547 1 533 1 820 (4 ) TQLZ,,, ;,,,,,,, 1012 mm, 40 60 kg, 60 kg, 40 kg,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, (5 ) TQLZ :
40, :,,, 612,,,, ;,,,,, :,, 50.5 mm,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 045 15 min, 40 C 2 h,, () :,,, 1012 mm, ;,,,,, ;, :,,,,,,,,,,, (6 ) TQLZ TQLZ 2-6
2 41 2-6 TQLZ 1. 2. 3. 1., 2., 3., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3., 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4., 5. 1. 2. 3., 1. 2. 3., 3.TQLM TQLM (1 ) TQLM TQLM,, 2-22
42 2-22 TQLM 1 ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ;11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ;15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) TQLM TQLM 2-7 2-7 TQLM T QLM63 TQLM80 T QLM100 TQLM125 TQLM752 T QLM902 ( t/ h ) 35 57 79 710 1215 1518 ( mm) 630 800 1 000 1 250 7502 9002
2 43 2-7 T QLM63 TQLM80 T QLM100 TQLM125 TQLM752 T QLM902 ( mm) 1 250 1 500 ( ) 8 ( r/ min) 400 ( mm) ( mm) 67 1213 (m 3 / h ) 990 1 090 1 190 1 290 1 890 2 090 ( kw) 0.37 0.75 1.1 1.5 ( kg) 630 700 750 850 900 1 000 ( mm) 1 780 2 030 2 030 2 030 1 940 1 940 930 1 100 1 300 1 550 2 010 2 310 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 200 1 336 1 336 4.TQLMZ, (1 ) 2-23, 2-23 TQLMZ 1 ; 2 ;3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ;8 ; 9 ; 10
44,,,,,,, (2 ) TQLMZ 2-8 2-8 TQLMZ.80 TQLMZ.100 T QLMZ.125 ( t/ h) 6 812 ( r/ min) 300 400 500 ( ) 6 6 6 / Pa 441 539 588 ( m 3 / min) 4050 5060 6080 ( kw) 0.55 0.75 0.75 ()/ mm 2 1581 4901 100 2 3961 6901 205 2 6601 9401 205 (3 ),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;, (4 ),,,,, ;,,,,, R,,,,,,, :,,
2 45,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( 56 ) mm( 2325) mm,,, 2.02.5 mm,, 1 500 mm,,, ;,,, 60 kg/ cmh,,,,,,,,, 80% (5 ) :,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 8,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, :,,,,,, 60 kg/ cmh
46,,, :,,,,,,,,, (6 ) TQLMZ TQLMZ 2-9 2-9 TQLMZ 1. 2. 1. 2. 1. 2., 1. 2. 1. 2.,, 3. 1. 2. 3. 5.,,,,,,,,,,
2 47 : (1 ) TCQY : 90%, ( ) TQLZ :,,, 65 % ; 35% ; 70 % ; TQLM : 80%, 60 %,, 1% (2 ),, 2-24 2-24 G( kg/ h) ; G1 ( kg/ h) ; G2 ( kg/ h) ; S ( % ) ; S1 ( % ) ; S2 ( % ) : G = G1 + G2 (2-1)
48 : (2-1) (2-2) : GS = G1 S1 + G2 S2 (2-2) GS = G1 S1 + ( G - G1 ) S2 G1 G = S 2 S2 - S - S1 (2-3) G2 G = S - S1 S2 - S1 (2-4) : (2-3) (2-5) : = = G1 (1 - S1 ) G(1 - S) 100% (2-5) ( 1 - S) ( S2 - S) 100% (2-6) ( 1 - S) ( S2 - S1 ) : (2-4) (2-7) : = = G2 S2 GS 100 % (2-7) S2 ( S - S1 ) 100% (2-8) S( S2 - S1 ) (2-6) (2-8),, 2.4,,,, 2.4.1 1.,,,, ;,,,,,
2 49,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ) TQSC 2-25, 2-25 TQSC 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ;10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ;,,,,,, ( 2-26 ), 72,,
50,,,, 1.5 mm,, 4mm, 8 mm,,, 5.4 mm,,,,, 2-27,, 2-26 2-27,,, 2-28,,,,,,, 2-28 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5,,
2 51,,,,,,,, (2 ) TQSX TQSX 2-29 2-29 T QSX 1 ; 2 ;3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16,,,, ( TQSX.85 TQSX.100 ),, 2-30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TQSX TQSC
52 2-30 (3 ) TQSF TQSF 2-31, 2-31 TQSF 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ;9 ; 10 ; 11 ;12 ;13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17,,,
2 53,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, O,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, (4 ) TQSX H TQSXH 2-32, 2-32 T QSXH 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11
54,,,,,,,,,,120,,,,,,, 35 mm ( ),,, 65,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 6.58, 2-33,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 2-33
2 55,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3., 2-34 2-34,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. ( 2-10 ) 2-10 (mm) 360 450 560 710 850 1 000 R20/ 2 360710 R40/ 3 7101 000 ( kg/ cmh) 35 15 50 55 60 60 ( t/ h ) 1.3 2.1 2.8 3.9 5.1 6.0
56 5. 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-11 T QSC.56 TQSC.75 TQSC.100 T QSX.56 TQSX.85 T QSX.100 ( t/ h ) 3.1 5 6.8 33.5 5.56.3 6.5 (/ min) 410 400 390 450460 450460 450460 ( mm) 4.5 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 () ( mm) 850560 1 000750 1 2001 000 970510 1 175800 1 175950 ( ) 30 38 30 35 35 35 ( r/ min) 1 200 840 1 250 ( m 3 / h) 2 1002 300 3 2003 400 3 8004 100 ( Pa) 392490 392490 147245 392490 392490 ( kw) 1.5 1.5 3 0.6 0.8 0.8 2-12 TQSF TQSF.43 TQSF.50 TQSF.60 TQSF.80 TQSF.100 TQSF.125 TQSF.150 ( t/ h) 1.52.5 46 57 89 911 1116 1418 (m 3 / h) 3 000 3 000 4 500 7 500 6 000 10 200 12 000 (cm) 43 40 60 80 100 125 150 ( kw) 20.25 0.252 0.22 0.252 0. 252 0. 252 20.25 ( ) 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 (mm) 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 ( Pa) 980 980 980 980 980 980 980 ( kg) 215 215 280 340 440 500 600 ( ) / mm 1 270700 1 270700 16 000 1 600 1 450876 1 800 1 4501 046 1 5001 246 1 4701 495 1 800 1 900 1 920 1 2201 746 1 920
2 57 2-13 TQSXH (t/ h ) ( mm) ( kg) ( kw) ( kw) ( m 3 / min) ( m 3 / min) ( kw) T QSXH-65 612 6501 200 10.37 5.5 70 5 0.25 1 145 TQSXH-120 1222 1 2001 200 20.37 11 130 8 0.25 1 655 6. (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 4.55 mm, 400450 r/ min (4 ),,,,,, ;,,,, (5 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7. (1 ) TQSX :
58 ; ;,,, ;, 1014 :,,, 10 %,,,,, 3040 mm,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) TQSF,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) TQSX H,,,,,,
2 59 4.55.5 mm ( ),,,,,, ( ) 405 ( ) 6.58,,,, 59 mbar,,, 8. 2-14 2-14 1., 2. 3.,, 4., 1.,,,,,, 2.,,, 3., 4., 1. 2. 3.,,,, 4., 5., 6. 7., 1. 2. 3. 4., 5. 6., 7.
60 2-14 1., 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.,, 1., 2. 3. 4., 5. 6. 7., 1. 2., 3. 4. 5. 6., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3.( ) 4. 1. 2., 3.() 4. 1.( ) 2. 1. ( ) 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1., 2. 3., 4.,
2 61 2-14 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2., 3. 4. 1., 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5., 1. 2. 3. 4.( ) 5. 6., 1. 2. 3. 4.() 5., 6., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,5 2.4.2 1., 95% ; 1 / kg;
62 50 / kg 2., (1 ) : X(/ kg) Y(/ kg) (2 ) : = X - Y X 100 % = ( g) ( g ) 100%, 2.5 2.5.1,,,,, ;,, ;,,, ;,,,, 2.5.2,,,, 2.5.3,,
2 63 1.TCXT (1 ) TCXT TCXT,, ;, ;,, 33.5 ; ;, 99% (2 ) TCXT TCXT,, 2-35,,,, 2-35 (3 ) TCXT TCXT 2-15 2-15 TCXT TCXT.12 TCXT.15 TCXT.20 TCXT.25 TCXT.30 ( ) 2 500 ( ) 360 ( % ) 99 ( t/ h ) 0.51.5 1.01.5 2.06.0 3.010 4.517.5 ( ) / mm 200640 300740 400840 250800 ( kg ) 3 530 30 300800
64 2. 2-36,, 170 ( 2-36 ( b) ),,,,, 2 mm,,,,,, 2-36,,,,,,,, (98% ),, 2-16 2-16 TXCY.12.5 TXCY.16 TXCY.20 TXCY.25 TXCY.50 TXCY.80 / ( t/ h) 24 56 68 66.5 20 50 ( ) / mm 300125 300160 300200 300250 300500 300800 / ( r/ min) 38 38 38 38 38 38 / kw 0.55 0.75 3.TCXY TCXY 2-37, ( a), ( b ),,
2 65 2-37 TCXY,,, 170,, 2.5.4 1.,,, 160 180 kg, 1215 mm 2. : ( : ),, ( : ),,,,,,,, ( 60 mm30 mm ), 12 kg, 8 kg, 3.,,, 0.6 m/ s,, 0.150.20 m/ s
66 4.,,,,,,,, 2.5.5 (1 ),,, ;, (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ) (5 ),,,,, 1.?? 2.? 3.?? 4.? 5. 6. 7.? 8.?? 9. TQLZ 10. TQLZ 11. TQLZ? 12.TQLZ? 13.? 14. 15.? 16.? 17.TCQ Y? 18. T CQ Y 19.? 20.? 21.?
2 67 22. 23. 24. 25.? 26.? 27.? 28.?? 29.?? 30.?? 31.?? 32.?
3 3.1 3.1.1,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 3.1.2,, 1.,,, 2., 3.,,, 3.1.3,, : 1., 3-1 ( a),,, 2., 3-1 ( b ),,
3 69 3., 3-1 (c), 3-1,,, 3.2,,,,,,,,, 3.2.1 1.MLGT.36 (1 ) MLGT.36 MLGT.36 3-2, 3-2 MLGT.36 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9
70 (2 ),, 3-3 3-3,,,, 3-4 3-4, 3-3,,, ;,,,, 35,, 6570,, MLGT.36, 3-5,
3 71, 24 mm, :,,, (3 ), 3-1 3-5 1 ; 2 ; 3 3-1 ( mm) 63 100 150 200 240 360 ( mm) 150 225 ( mm) 15 20 28.5 ( mm) 120 185 168,,,,, 35 MPa, 3.5, 2 ; 1.7, 50, 2.5,,,,,,, ;, 20,,,, MLGT.36,,,,, 3-6 5, 3 4 6, 8,,, 3-6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7
72 (4 ),,, :,, ( ), 3-7, W 1 A, 2 1,2, 3 3-7 O2 B, O1,,, 1,,,,,,, 1,,, MLGT.36,, 3-8, 2, 3,,, 11, 9, 8, 13,, 20 B, 5, 10,,, 3-8 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ;13 ; 14 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22
3 73, 22,,,,, 10,,,,, 3-9, 3-9 Q ; F U 1 F U 2 F U 3 F U 4 F U 5 F U 6 ; SB 1 SB 2 ; K M 1 KM 2 KM 3 ; SQ 1 SQ 2 ; FR 1 F R 2 ; M 1 ; M 2 (5 ) MLGT.36,, LJZ.36-I,, 3-10, MLGT.36 3-2, 218 mm 3-11 2 3, 3-10 1;2 ;3;4 ;5 ;6;7 ;8 (A) ;9 (209) (E206); 10 ; 11 ; 12 ;13 Z 1 ( 40 ) Z 3 ( 37) ; 14 ; 15 (208) ; 16 ; 17 Z 2 (38 ) Z 4 ( 41 ) ; 18 ; 19 Z 6 ( 35) Z 9 ( 43 ) ; 20 ( 309 ) ; 21 ;22
74 3-2 LJZ.36-I mm 255 220 215 210 204 1 2 3 2 3 A D C E B D C E B D (a) r/ min 1 065 1 450 1 240 1 450 1 242 ( b ) r/ min 1 309 1 180 1 526 1 180 1 526 (a) r/ min 12.55 16.70 13.98 15.94 13.27 ( b ) r/ min 15.42 13.59 17.18 12.79 16.30 r/ min m/ s mm 224 2.87 29.97 198 4 270 3.11 30.29 192 3 284 3.20 31.16 186 4 270 2.97 29.91 180 3 280 3.03 29.57 174 4 A E B D A E B D E (a) r/ min 1 608 1 242 1 608 1 242 1 608 ( b ) r/ min 309 1 526 1 309 1 526 1 309 (a) m/ s 16.67 12.49 15.66 11.71 14.65 ( b ) m/ s 13.57 15.34 12.75 14.38 11.93 r/ min 299 284 299 284 280 m/ s 3.10 2.85 2.91 2.67 2.72 m/ s 30.24 27.83 28.41 26.09 26.58 3-11 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 6 ; 5 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9
3 75 LTZ,,,, 3-12 TBS T7.5 3-12 TBSL7.5 E206,,,, 8,,,, 3-13, 3-14, 3-15 3-13 1 ;2 ; 3 ; 4E309 ; 5 ; 637 40 ; 7 ; 8 E 206 ; 9
76 3-14 143 35 ; 2 ; 3E211 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 3-15 1 ; 2 ; 3 E309 ; 4 ;5 38 41 ; 635 43 ;7 E211 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 3-3,,,,, 3-3 TBSL7.5 (mm) 225 220 215 210 204 198 192 186 180 174 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 14 35 14 35 14 25 24 35 24 15
3 77 3-3 (mm) 225 220 215 210 204 198 192 186 180 174 1 180 1 509 1 108 1 509 1 108 1 509 1 293 1 509 1 298 1 678 ( r/ min) 1 362 1 228 1 362 1 228 1 362 1 228 1 588 1 228 1 588 1 362 13.05 17.37 12.47 16.58 11.83 15.63 12.99 14.69 12.18 15.23 ( r/ min) 16.04 14.14 15.23 13.50 14.54 12.72 15.96 11.95 14.96 12.04 ( m/ s) 2.99 3.23 2.85 3.08 2.71 2.91 2.97 2.74 2.78 2.83 ( r/ min) 1 440 11.23 ( mm) 196,,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (6 ) 2.MLGQ.25.4 (1 ) (2 ) MLGQ.25.4 3-16, 3-17, ( ) 3 4, 1, 8,, 6
78, 3-16 MLGQ.25.4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 3-17 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9,, 3-18 2 6,, 3-19,, 9, 1 8,,,
3 79 3-18 1 ; 2 ;3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 3-19 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ;10 MLGQ.25.4, 3-20 2, 10, 1 7, 8,,, 56 mm,,,, 9,,,
80 3-20 1 ; 2 ;3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ;10 :,,,,,, 196 000294 000 N/ m 2 MLG Q.25.4 MLG Q.36 (3 ) MLGQ.25.4 3-21,,, 3-21 MLGQ.25.4
3 81 3.MLGQ.252 (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, (2 ) MLGQ.252 3-22, 3-22 MLGQ.252,,,,,,,, 255 mm, 230 mm,,,, (3 ),,,,,, 3-23
82 3-23 MLGQ.252 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 3.2.2 1., G, P1 P2 F1 F2, 3-24, 3-24,,, D1 = D2, N1 = N2, O1 O2, O1 O2, A1 A2,, B1 B2 1 1, 2 2, 3-25
3 83 3-25, : q ( ) ; r ( ) : 1 = 1 = q 2 = 2 = r P1 = P2 = P, F1 = F2 = F = P f f,, F = tan 3-26, P1 P2, P, P= 2 Psin q, A1 A2, F A1 A2, F1 F2, F, F= 2 Fcos q, 3-26,, : P - F- G0 G,, : P- F0 (3-1) 2 Psin q 2 PFcos q tan q F tan q tan (3-2)
84 q (3-3),,,, 2. A B,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,, 3-27( a) 3-27 (),,,,, 3-27 ( b),,,,,, 3-27 (c) 3. (1 ), : V1 n1 D1 = 60 = 0.105 n1 R1 (3-4) V2 n2 D2 = 60 = 0.105 n2 R2 (3-5)
3 85 V1 ( m/ s ) ; V2 ( m/ s ) ; n1 ( r/ min ) ; n2 ( r/ min ) ; D1 ( m) ; D2 ( m) ; R1 ( m) ; R2 ( m) 1517 m/ s, 1315 m/ s, Vc : Vc = V1 - V2 ( m/ s) (3-6), 23 m/ s, 3-5, V H : V H = V1 + V2 ( m/ s ) (3-7),,,,, 30 m/ s, i : i = V1 V2 = n1 D1 n2 D2 (3-8),, i = V1 V2 = n1 n2,,, K : K = V1 - V2 V2 100% (3-9), 22% (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 4060 N/ cm,, 3.2.3 3-4
86 3-4 MLGT.36 MLGT.51 MLGQ.25.4 MLGQ.252 MLGQ.25 MLGT.25-A (mm) 225 225 225 225 225 225 360 508 254 254 254 254 ( / ) ( r/ min) 56 68 45 183 3.063.6 33.6 33.3 1 309 1 2671 334 1 200 1 270 1 270 1 2161 452 1 065 1 0311 086 900 1 029 1 029 1 0171 216 (m/ s ) 2.673.2 2.623.24 2.323.09 (m 3 / h ) 3 600 4 8005 000 3 0003 200 3 5004 500 4 0005 000 2 4002 600 ( kw) 7.5 11 5.5 5.52 5.5 + 0.22 5.5 ( kg) 1 100 500 1 000 900 670 (mm) 1 255 1 300 1 535 2 060 1 600 900 1 125 1 260 650 840 1 140 1 250 2 315 2 100 1 990 1 840 2 090 2 000 3.2.4 1.,,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,
3 87,,,,,, 3-5 3-5 (m/ s ) 1315 2.22.5 1215 2.63 1416 2.52.7 1416 2.73.2 1516.5 2.53 1517 2.83.3 (2 ),,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,, ;,, 2.03.2 m/ s,,,,,,,,, :, ; ; (3 ),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.141.24, 3/ 54/ 5 3-6
88 3-6 ( m/ s ) 1426 1426 1516 1516 ( m/ s ) 1113 1113 1113 1113 (m/ s ) 1.82.2 2.32. 6 2.62.8 3.03.2 ( N/ m) 3 9204 900 4 900 4 900 4 9005 880 ( % ) 8590 85 8085 7580 ( kg / cm) 150170 140160 130150 110130 3. (1 ),,,,,, ;,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 0.7 mm, () 4 990 5 880 N/ m; MLGT.36 1020 kg, ; 3 9204 900 N/ m; 4 900 N/ m ; 4 9005 880 N/ m, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85,,
3 89 3-7 3-7 () ( ) ( % ) 20 81.5 85.5 35 75.5 80.2 50 72.5 76.5,,,,,,,, 5.,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.2.5 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, a., 85 90 ( ),,,,,,,,,, b. 1 mm
90 c.,,, V,,, ;,,,,, 4,,,,,,, d.,,,,,, 2 mm,, 4 mm :,,,,,,,,, 20 24, 0.7 mm,, 12 mm,,,,,,,, 2.,, :, : :,, :,,,
3 91,,,,,,,,,, MLGT, 1020 kg, 75 % 85 %, 80% 90% 510 min, 510 min,, 5%, 2 %, 1/ 4,,,,,, 30 / 100 kg,,,,,, 48 h 1224 h,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,,, 65% 70%,,,,,,,, 70% 75% 12 ( ),,,,, 13,, 3.,,,, 700 h, ;, 20, 40 ;, 36, 68,, 20 a.,,,
92, b.,, 1.5 m c. - 10 C30 C, 50% 80% d.,,, e.,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,, :,, :,, :, :,, : : :,,, : :,,, :,, :,, : :,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.LJZ.36 (1 ) LJZ.36 360 mm,, ( MLGT.36 ), TB-
3 93 SL5.5 MLGT.25A, TBSL7.5 MLGT36 TBSL.11 MLGT.51,, 4,,, 4 M625,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 23 mm,,, 68 h, (4 ),,,,,,,, 50 C,,, (5 ), 20 ( H L-20 ) 40
94 ( HJ-40 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (68 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 100 C,, (6 ) LJZ.36-1 LJZ.36-1 3-8 3-8 LJZ.36-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3., 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
3 95 3-8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7., 8., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 3.2.6 3-9 3-9 1. 2. 3.,, 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3., 4. 5.,, 6. 7.,,
96 3-9, 1. 2., 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. ; 5., 6. 7.,, 8. 1., ( ) () 2. 3. 4. 5., 1., 2., 3. 4. 1. 2. 3., 4., 5. 1. 2., 3. 10 % 4., 5., 6. 1.,, 2. 3. 4., 5. 6. 1., 2. 3.,, 4.,, 5., 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2., 3. 4., 5.
3 97 3-9 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3., 8 h 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2., 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2., 3. 1., 2.,, 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1., 2. 3. 4.,, 1., 2., 3.Y 4., 1. 2., 3. Y 4.
98 3.3 3.3.1, : T ( % ) ; T = g2 ( % ) ; C2 ( % ) ; K( % ) 3.3.2 g2 C2 100% ( 3-10) K + C2, (,, ),,,,, : T ( % ) ; T max ( % ) ; T min ( % ) ; T ( % ) 3.3.3 T = T max - T m in T 100 % ( 3-11) 2/ 3, () : SC = C2 SC + CS 100% ( 3-12) SC ( % ) ; CS ( g) ; C2 ( g) 3.3.4, kw h( ) Eq ( / t ) ; kw h ( ) ; Eq = k w h ( / t ) ( 3-13) QC
3 99 QC ( t) 3.3.5 1. 80% 90%, 75 % 85 % 2. 5%, ()2% 3. 0.8% ; 100 k g 30, 0.1% 3.3.6 100 kg : V(/ 100 kg ) ; W1 ( g) ; W2 ( g) ; G( kg ) V = W1 - W2 G 100 ( 3-14) 1, kg / g : V = W1 G - W2 ( kg / g ) ( 3-15),, 360 mm, 6 330.5 cm 3, 12 661 cm 3, 15 193.2 g ( 1.2 g/ cm 3 ) : MLGT.36, 706.5 mm, 697.08 mm, 706.5 mm, 700 mm, 34 t, : : : : 4 36 706.5 4 36 706.5 2-697.08 379.21.2 = 455.04( g) 2-700.2 2 2 = 379.2 (cm 3 ) = 379.2 (cm 3 )
100 : 253.41.2 = 304.08( g) : 455.04 + 304.08 = 759.12( g) : 759.12/ 15 193.2 = 0.049 96() : 759.12/ 34 000100 = 2.23( g / 100 kg ) : 34/ 0.049 96 = 680.54(/ ) = 44.8 ( kg/ g), 30 kg / g, 27 kg /,, 360 mm 500 t, 750 t 1.? 2.? 3.MLGT.36?? 4.? 5.? 6. 7.?? 8.? 9.? 10.? 11.? 12.? 13.?? 14.? 15.,? 16.? 17.? 18.? 19.? 20.? 21.?
4 4.1 4.1.1,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.1.2, 4-1,,,, 4-1 ( kg/ m 3 ) ( m/ s) 96160 0.2 23 560580 1.181.22 810 780800 1.40 912 4.1.3 1.MLGT.36 MLGT.36,, 4-1,,,, 8 : (1 ),,,, (2 ), (30 C ),,,,,
102,,, 4-1 MLGT.36 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 (3 ),,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 460 mm,,,, (5 ),,, (6 ) (7 ),,,,,,,, 2.F L-14 F L-14 F L-14, 4-2 2 3 4, 4,
4 103,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, F L-14 4-2 4-2 FL-14 4-2 FL-14 1 ; 2 ;3 ;4 ; 5 ;6 ; 7 / t/ h ( )/ mm / (m 3 / (cmh) ) ()/ mn / ( m/ s) / kg 3.33.75 370245 30 45 76 420246 5.6 12 3. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 4-3 1,,,,, 2, 3,, (2 ), 4-4,,,,, 2,,,, 4,, 6,, 7,, 5
104 4-3 1 ; 2 ; 3 4-4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 3 5004 000 m 3 / h (3 )DKT L DKTL,, 20 / 100 kg, 90% (),,,,,, DK TL, 4-5 4-5 DKT L 1 ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ;7 ; 8 3 ; 93 ; 10 3 ; 113 ; 12 3 ; 13 ; 142 ; 15 2 ; 162 ;17 2 ; 18 2 ; 19 1 ; 201 ; 21 1 ; 221 ;23 1
4 105,,, ( a ), 1 (19),, 1 ( 20),,, 3%,,,, DKTL 4-3DK TL 4-4 4-3 DKTL DKLT 30 DKLT 45 DKL T60 ( kg/ h) 400500 800900 1 2001 400 90 90 85 ( / 100 kg) 20 20 20 ( % ) 7 7 7 (m 3 / h) 1 9502 600 3 6004 500 5 4006 750 (m 3 / h) 2 6003 200 4 7005 600 6 8008 150 ( Pa) 150 200 200 ( ) (mm) 1 540512175 1 5405121 820 1 540662191 ( ) ( mm) 300160 450160 600160 ( ) ( mm) 300160 450160 600160 (kg) 89 138 168 ( t/ h ) 22.5 44.8 5.56.5 10 14 10 250 mm 350 mm 250 mm 4-4 DKTL 1., 2. 3. 4., 5. 6. 1., 2. 3. 4., 5., 6.,,
106 4-4 1., 2. 3. 1., 2. 3., 1. 2., 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1., 2., 3., 4. 5. 1. 2. 3., 4. 5.,, 1., 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3., 4., 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.1.4,,,,, :,,,
4 107,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 4.1.5,,,,,,,,,, 5 m/ s,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 4.2 4.2.1,,,,,, 1.,,,,, 4-6
108 4-6,,,,,,,, 0.02 m/ s 2. ( ),,,,,,,,,, 4.2.2,,,,,,,, 4-7 ( a ),, 4-7
4 109 ( b ),, (c),,,,,,,,,,, 1.? 2.? 3.? 4.? 5.? 6.? 7.?
5 5.1 5.1.1,,,,,,, 40,,,,, 10%,,,,,,,, 5.1.2,, 5-1 5-1 (mm) ( kg/ m 3 ) () (mm) 6.38.5 34 1.72.6 512 1.06 2528 2833 120 56.2 2.83.2 1.62.2 770 1.394 3227 2528 110 78.4 2.83.6 1.81.9 584 1.169 2428 2635 115 5.66.2 2.22.4 1.61.8 748 1.378 2327 2531 110,,,,, 1. 5-1,
5 111,,,,, 5-1,,,, 2.,,,,, ( ), 19%, 3.,,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,, 5.1.3 1. :,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,, (2 ),,
112,,,, (3 ) 2., (1 ),,,,, 10%, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 5.2 5.2.1, 10 % 5.2.2, 1. MGCP633-1 5-1 MGCP80 3-1 MGCP1003-1 MGCP1123-1 5-2
5 113 5-1 MGCP633-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 MGCP803-1 5-2 MGCP1003-1 MGCP1123-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 ;4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 (1 ), (2 ),,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, (4 ),, 5-3 0.16 mm,,,,,
114, 5-3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 5-4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 (5 ) MGCP, 5-4,,,,,,, 40 mm,,, (6 ),, 5-5 5-6 5-5 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ( ) ; 7 ( ) ; 8 5-6 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 MGCP633-1, 1 812MGCP80 3-1 MGCP1003-1 MGCP1123-1,
5 115 134,, 5-7,, 5-7( a) 5-7 ( b) 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 4 ; 5 ;,,,,,, 145 175 r/ min, 30 r/ min MGCJ,,,, MGCP, MGCP,,, MGCP, 4,5-8 5-8 MGCJ 1 ;2;3 ;4;5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10
116 2. MGCP4, 5-9,, 50,, 30,,,, 120,, 5-9 MGCP4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9, 5-10 2 7, 1 8, 5, 4 3 6, 2 7, 4, 5-10 1 ;2. 7 ; 3 6 ; 4 ; 5 ; 8 ; 9
5 117 2, 7, ;,,,, 15 r/ min,,, 5.2.3,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.2.4 5-11,, 5-11( a) ( b) :,,,,,, 5-11( c),,,,,,, 5-11( d )MGCJ,,,,,,,,, 5-11 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 5.2.5 5-2
118 MGC T 5-3 5-2 MGCP.63 MGCP.80 MGCP.100 MGCP.112 MGCP.100 MGCP.85 MGCP.106 3-1( r40) 3-1( r40) 3-1( r40) 3-1( r80) 3-1( r80) 4( r40) 4( r40) ( m/ h) 1.5 2.4 3.6 4.8 3.54.5 2.3 3.6 ( r/ min) 15015 15015 15015 15015 10215 125155 125155 ( r/ min) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 ( ) 13 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.52 1.52 1.52 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 99 99 1111 ( / 1111 1111 1111 1111 910 910 50 mm) 1212 1212 1212 1212 1212 1011 911 1212 1212 ( kw) 0.55 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.1 1 360 1 595 1 690 1 690 1 950 1 138 1 320 ( mm) 740 1 000 1 110 1 230 1 050 1 177 1 382 1 410 1 440 1 520 1 530 1 470 1 177 1 190 5-3 MGCJ MGCJ634 MGCJ804 MGCJ1004 MGCJ1124 4 mm 40 r/ min 150( ) 13 ( ) 1.9 1.53( ) 1.9 kw 0.5 ( Y801-4) 1.1 ( Y90S-4) kg 440 550 660 700 () mm 1 3607401 510 1 5951 0001 5401 6701 1101 620 1 6701 2301 620 5.2.6 1.,,,,,,,
5 119, 15 mm, 1.2 m 2 / t, 0.9 m 2 / t 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( r/ min) : 156 140 128 118 110 ( mm) :4050607080,,,, 3.,,, 1/ 3,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,, 10 10 / 50 mm; 10 11 / 50 mm; 1112 / 50 mm,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
120,,,,,, 0.53.5,, 10%, 75%, 0.8%,,,,,, 5.2.7 1., ( > 20 % ),,,,,,, 1010 / 50 mm, 1011 / 50 mm, 1112 / 50 mm,,, ;,, 03.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 2., 12 min,,,,,,, 15 mm,,,,,,,,,,,,
5 121,,, 3,,,,,,,,,,,, 3., 6 4.,,,,,, ( ),,, 50%,,,, 5.,,,, 2,,, HJ20 #, HJ30 #, 6,, 3 6,, 6. 5-4
122 5-4 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1., 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1., 2. 3. 4. 5.3 5.3.1,,,,,,,, 5.3.2 MGCZ, MGCZ. 115 5MGCZ. 100 7 MGCZ.10011, 1.MGCZ.1155 MGCZ.1155,, 5-12
5 123 5-12 MGCZ.1155 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 5-13 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 (1 ), 5-13,,,, (2 ),,, 5-14, :, 2 mm, 5 mm, 8.8 mm, 1210 mm, 5-15( a ),, 2.4 mm, 12 mm, 7 mm, 5-15( b ) 5-14 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 5-15 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
124 (3 ),, 5-16 5-16 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 5-17 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 (4 ),, 5-17,,,,, (5 ),, 2.MGCZ40202 MGCZ40202 5-18, MGCZ.1155,, : 5-18 MGCZ40202 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9
5 125,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5.3.3,,,,,,,,,,, 5-19 5-19 5.3.4,,,,,,,,,
126 5.3.5 1.,,,,,,, ;,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 5 306 30, 1418 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 0.3%,,,, 5.3.6 5-5
5 127 5-5 MGCZ 1155 MGCZ 1007 MGCZ-2 1007 MGCZ. 655 MGCZ. 805 MGCZ. 10012 MGCZ. 10010 MGCZ. 1008 MGCZ.40 202 ( t/ h) 1.61.8 2.52.85 2.9 5.0 0.7 1.01.5 4.04.2 3.33.5 2.652.8 5.56.5 5 7 72 5 5 12 10 8 202 66.5 66.5 66.5 66.5 66.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 100.15 / 1418 1418 1418 1418 1418 1218 1218 1218 310 / ( r/ min) 25810 25810 25810 370 370 228 228 228 3005 / kw 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.75 1.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 4.4 1 353 1 900 1 700 955 1 337 1 600 1 600 1 600 2 800 () 1 410 1 820 1 950 787 1 122 1 330 1 330 1 330 1 749 / mm 1 780 2 374 2 590 1 100 1 591 1 430 1 370 1 310 2 120 5.3.7 (1),, (2),,, (3 ),,, (4 ), (5 ),,,, (6 ),, (7 ),,,,,,,,,, (8 ), (9 ),,, (10),, (11),, (12), : ; ; (13), :,
128,,,, 5.3.8 5-6 5-6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2., 3. 1. 2., 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2., 3., ( 200 mm) 4., 5., 6. 7. 8. 1., 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 1., 2., 3., 4., 1. 2. 3. 4., 5., 1. 2. 3. 4.
5 129 5.4,,,,,,,,,, ;, : 5.4.1 MGCJ-24, 5-20 5-20 MGCJ-24 40 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ;10 1.,,, 5-21 2, 1,, 6 5,, 2.,, 75 mm, 5 3. 10,, 8 8
130 5-21 1 ; 2 6 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 4., 5-22 1, 5, 4, 2,,,,, 5-23 4 5,,, 5-22 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 5-23 1 ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9
5 131,, 7, 9, 1, 3, 5., 5-24 5.4.2 5-24, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5-25, 5-25 5.4.3 1.,,,,, 2.,,,
132 3.,,,,, 5 6, 180 mm, 95110 r/ min 4. 70 kg,,, ;,,, Z, Z 4050 mm 5.4.4 5-7 5-7 MGCJ-24/ 40 M GCJ-24 MGCJ-40 ( t/ h) (82% 93 % ) 1.451.7 2.42.7 ( r/ min) (mm) ( kw) ( ) (mm) ( kg) 24 93,110,124 70118 2.2 2 0321 7001 445 1 600 40 93, 110,124 70118 2.2 2 4521 7001 542 1 900 5.4.5 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,
5 133, 4050 mm, 12,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,, 5.5 5.5.1 CMQ L,,,,, 5.5.2 CMQL 5-26 5-26 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7
134 1., 2.,, 67 ; 1550,,,,, 3.,, ;,, 4.,, 5. 5.5.3,,,,,,,,,, 5.5.4 5-27 5-27 1 A; 2 B ; 3 ; 4 1 ;5 2
5 135 5.5.5 1., 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,, 5.5.6 5-8 5-8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1., 2. 3., 4. 5. 1., 2., 3. 4.,6 mm 60 1.,, 2., 1., 30 2. 3.,
136 5-8 1. 2. 3. 4. 1., 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8., 9. 1. 1. 2., 3. 4. 46 mm 5., 30 45 6. 7.,, 8., 9. 2. 2.,, 1.,, 5.6 5.6.1,, 5.6.2 5-28 1. 2., 3.,,,,,
5 137 5-28 MJXH29 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 4. 5., 5.6.3 5-9 5-9 WS600 A MJXH29 56 t/ h( ) ( 5 % 10% ) 56 t/ h ( ) 0.75kW + 0.2kW 1.1( ) + 0.55 78 r/ min 68 m 3 / mm 68 m 3 / min 750 kg 850 kg ( ) 1 8859602 380 1 9601 0402 350
138 5.6.4,, 1.31.5 mm, 1.61.9 mm,,, ;,, 5.6.5, 5-10 5-10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1., 2. 3. 4. 5., 1. 2. 1. 2. V 1. 2. 5.7 5.7.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5 139,,,,,,,,,,,, 10%,, 5.7.2,,,,,,,,, 5.7.3 1.,,,,,,,, 3%,, 2. 5-29 ( ) 5-29,,,,
140 3. MC T-6A (1 ) 5-30 MCT-6A, 1 2,, 3 6, 5 60,,,, 5-30 MCT-6 A 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7,, 4 5-31,, 1, 2, 3, 4 8,,,,,,,,,, 5-31 MCT-6 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 (2 ),,,
5 141,,,,,,, (3 ) MC T-6 5-11 5-11 MCT-6 t/ h 36 kg/ h 160 kw 0.2 MPa 00.3 kg/ h 06.0 MPa 00.5 L/ min 200500 ( ) mm 5254051 246 kg 50 5.8 5.8.1,, : 10% 40 / kg 40% 50% 5.8.1 1. : Cg (/ kg ) ; g () ; KC ( k g) Cg = g K C (/ kg) ; 2.,
142,, : gc = C K C gc- ( % ) ; C ( g) ; KC ( g ) 1.?? 2.? 3.? 4.? 5.? 6.? 7.? 8.? 9.? 10.? 11.? 12.? 13.? 14. 15.? 16.? 17.? 18.?
6 6.1 6.1.1 ( ), 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, 50 %,,,,,, 6.1.2 1.,,
144 (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 6-1,,, 1.9610 4 9.810 4 N/ m 2,,,,,,,,, 6-2 6-1 6-2 :,,,,,,, :,,,, ;,,,,,,
6 145,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),
146,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.1.3 1. (1 ),,,,,,, 5 m/ s (2 ),,,,,,, 15 m/ s (3 ), 10 m/ s,,,,, 2. (1 )
6 147 (2 ) 3.,,, 4.,,,,,,,, 6.2 6.2.1, 1. (1 ), 40 kg, (2 ), :,,,,, : 6-3 6-3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ;, 8,,,,
148,, 2., 6-4 6-5 6-4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ;7,,,,,,,, (1 ), 6-6,,, 6-5 1 ; 2;3 ;4 ; 5 ; 6,,,, 2.5 mm 0.8, 1025 mm, 40 mm
6 149, (2 ),,,,, 48 mm, 812 mm,,, ; 6-6 26,, 40,,, 36,, 0, 6-7 :,, RC4850,,, 6-7 p, b,, 6-8,,,,070,,,, 6070b,,,
150 b 812 mm,,, 6-8,,, :,,,,,,,, 6-1 6-1 1 2 3 ( ) ( ) 24 # 26 # 80 # 24 # 80 # 24 # 80 # ( % ) 45 40 15 80 20 85 15 30 # 36 # 80 # 30 # 80 # 30 # 80 # ( % ) 45 40 15 80 20 85 15,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),
6 151,,,,,,,, 1.251.5 mm, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,, ( ) ( ),, (4 ),,,,,,, 6-9 ( ),,,,, 34 mm, 89 mm,, ( ),,,, 6-9 6-9 a; b ; c 6-10, 6-10
152 ( ),, 3 4 5 mm, ;,,,,, 1640 mm, 15% 20%, 26 (5 ), 6-11,,,,,,,,,,, 6-11 6-12 6-13 1 ; 2 ;3; 4 6-12 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 6-13 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4,
6 153,,,, 3., (1 ), 6-14( a),,,,,, (a) (b ) 6-14 1 ; 2 ; 3 (2 ),, 6-14 ( b),,,,, ( ) (),,, ( 24 ), 10 mm ( 20 ),, (),,, 6-15
154 6-15,,,,, 100 150 m 3 / h, 1214 m/ s, 100300 Pa 4.,, 6-16 6-16 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7,,
6 155 V 6-17, DSRD 6-17 DSRD 1 ; 2 ; 3 5.,, 6.2.2 1.MNMT (1 ) MNMT 6-18 6-18 MNM T 1 ; 2 ; 3 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ;9 ; 10 11 ;12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15
156,,,,,,, 23,, ; 26,,, 40 ;, 5, 78 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.11.212.7 mm,460 / ;, 0.851.112.7 mm, 480 /,, 30,,, (2 ) 6-2 6-2 MNMT 2 457 135 2 3 120 90 N400 4 72 5 62 kg/ h 1 000 500700 1 000 500600 500700 400500 400500 200 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 () mm 135450 30450 134450 120350 90360 90400 72300 62240 r/ min 700900 500700 650750 750800 700850 1000120010001200 9001 100 m/ s 4.956.363.524.954.565.26 4.715.03 3.304.01 4.725.66 3.774.52 2.933.72 ( ) mm 360100 380130 400100 30080 16085 178105 20060 kw 1014 14 10 4.5 7 4.5 4.5 2.84.5 () mm 980555 1 280 987550 1 337 900564 1 160 710450 680500 780463 595390 1 310 1 310 991 995 480385 845 kg 175 150 90 87 75 50 39 (3 ),,,,
6 157,,,,,, 2.MNMS MNMS, (1 ) MNMS, 6-19 6-19 MNMS 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8,, ;,,,, 6-4
158 :,, 23,,,,,,,,,,,, 4, : 46,,, 120.85 mm121.0 mm,, :, 6-20,, 6-20 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11, 6-21,,,,, 6-22, 10 15 mm, 40 mm, 25 mm, 6-21 6 mm, 4, 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
6 159 8, 8 mm, 6-22 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10. (2 ) MNMS 6-3 6-3 MNMS MNMS.15 MNMS.18 MNMS.21.5 t/ h 1.251.38 2.12.3 3.33.6 () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) mm mm mm r/ min mm mm 165120 150380 15045 1 460 R85204 (4 ) 120.85.121.0 195150 180560 18055 1 200 1 300 R100197( 6 ) 120.85.121.0 230x160 15750 1575 1 000 1 400 R117.5260( 6 ) 120.85.1210 () () ( ) mm mm r/ min mm 65125 150425 720 R85204 (4 ) 195126 180440 720 R100197( 4 ) 195165 180583 720 R117.5260( 6 ) ( ) mm 120.85, 121.0 120.85,121.0 120.85,121.0 () mm 1 1665001 446 1 4455401 664 1 6975401 758 kw 1722 2230 40 kg 450 500 800 (3 ),,,
160,,,,, MNMS,, 94%, 25%, 2%, 20%,, 8 /, MNMS 3.MNML MNML, (1 ) MNML 6-23, 6-23 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9, V, ;,,,,,,,,,
6 161, MPGL,, (2 ) MNML MPGL 6-4 6-4 MNML MPGL ( t/ h) (kw) ( ) (mm) ( kg ) MNM21.5/ 18 3.33.6 3037 1 7001 3001 200 1 100 MNMLl8/ 18 2.23 2230 1 7001 3001 200 1 050 MNMLl5/ 14 0.81.3 18.522 1 4001 0001 000 600 MPGLl8/ 18 33.3 2230 1 7001 3001 200 1 000 MPGLl4/ 14 0/ 81.3 1518.5 1 4001 0001 000 600 (3 ),,,,,,, MNML,,,,,,,,,, 4.V TA7A-C VBF7B-C/ MC (1 ) VTA7A-C 6-24,,,,,, 6-25,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
162 6-24 VT A7 A-C 6-25 (2 ) VBF7B-C/ MC 6-26,,,, ( ),, ( ), 6-27,,,,,,,,, 6-26 VBF7B-C/ MC
6 163 6-27,,,,,,,, (3 ) V TA7A-C VBF7B-C/ MC 6-5 6-5 VTA7A-C VBF7B-C/ MC VT A7 A-C VBF7B-C/ MC t/ h 45 45 kw 37kW-6P 37( )45 () kw-6 P r/ min 700 562( ) 499( ) m 3 / min 40 40 mm H 2 O 100150 100150 kg 1 200 800( ) ( ) mm 1 4479571 989 1 6401 3942 010 : 1 mm H 2 O = 9.80665Pa 6.2.3,,,,,,, 1. (1 ),,,
164,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,, (13% ),,,,, 14.5% 15.5% (3 ),,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ),,,,, 3.8, 2.6 (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 800 r/ min, 650700 r/ min, 750800 r/ min, 800850 r/ min,,,,,, 13001500 r/ min,, (3 ),,, ;
6 165,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3., ;, ;,, 6-6 6-6 ( % ) 5560 50 5055 50 4045 50 4550 50 35 30 30 30 35 40 40 40 30 30 30 30 6-5,, 50% ;,, 55%,, 70%,,,,, 4. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,
166 6.2.4 1.,, ( ) ;,,, 6, 15 mm,, :,,,, 2. (2 min ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1, 3.,,,,,,,,,,
6 167,,,,,,, 2 mm,,,,,, 0.200.5 mm,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 mm 23,,,,,,,,,,, 6.2.5 1. 6-7 6-7 1. 2. 3. ;, 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1.( ) 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7., 8.,, 9.
168 6-7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2., 3. 1. 2., 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6., 1., 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6., 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1., 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2., 3. 1. 2., 3.
6 169 6-7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 2. 6-8 6-8 MNML 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3., 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3.0.91 mm 4., 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4.
170 6.3 6.3.1 :,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, 6.3.2,, SM.18 PM.14 NS18/ 18 NF14/ 14 V TA7A-C VBF7B-C/ MC 1.SM.18 P M.14 SM.18 P M.14, SM.18 PM.14, (1 ) SM.18 P M.14 6-9 6-9 SM.18 PM.14 SM.18 PM.14 kg/ h 2 0002 500 2 0002 500 kw 18.5 15 r/ min 1210 790 ( ) mm 180610 ( ) mm 195158 140320 144150 mm 10 14 mm 2 2 mm 10 10 ( ) mm 1 1775401 968 1 0505401 968 kg 400 350
6 171 (2 ), :, :, : (3 ),,,,, ;,,,, SM.18 P M.14,, 2.NSl8/ 18 N Fl4/ 14, NSl8/ 18, NFl4/ 14,, NSl8/ 18, NFl4/ 14, NFl4/ 14,, 0.2%0.4%,,,, (1 ) NMSl8/ 18B 6-10 6-10 NMSl8/ 18B NMSl8/ 18B kg/ h 2 0002 500 kw 30 Y200L-4 ( I) r/ min 1 390 ( ) r/ min 1 390 r/ min 2 880 kg ( ) mm 1 2806601 923 ( ) mm 595580 N Fl4/ 14 6-11
172 6-11 NFl4/ 14 NFl4/ 14 () () ( ) () kg/ h mm mm r/ min r/ min mm mm r/ min kw mm 2 100 140250 144150 48 1 100 2 880 174801.5 141.0 5 30Y200 L-4 1 7806802 002 (2 ), :, :, : (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.V TA7A-C VBF7B-C/ MC, VTA7A-C,, ; VBF7B-C/ MC, ; VBF7B-C/ MC ( ), :, : 6.4,
6 173 6.4.1,,, 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,,, 3.,,, 4.,, 5.,,, :,,,,,,,,, 6.4.2,,,, : H = M1 (1 - x - ) - M2 ( 1 - y - 2 ) 100% (6-1) M1 (1 - x - 1 )
174 H ( % ) ; M1 ( kg/ h ) ; M2 ( kg/ h ) ; x( % ) (2 mm ) ; y ( % ) ; 1, ( % ) ; 2, ( % ),, 5% 12%, 4% 10%, 0.3% 1.5%, 0.5% 1.0%, 0.4% 0.6% 6.4.3 ( ) : Cn Cn ( % ) ; = M2 ( 1 - y - 2 ) M1 ( 1 - x - 1 ) 100% = M2 (1 - y - 2 ) 100% (6-2) ( M2 + M3 ) ( 1 - x - 1 ) M3 ( kg/ h ),,, 6.4.4 1. : S ( % ) ; S = GS 100% (6-3) GB GS ( kg ) ; GB ( kg) 2. : SZ ( % ) ; S2 ( % ) ; S1 ( % ) 6.4.5 SZ = S2 - S1 (6-4) :
6 175 W = GW 100% = ( 1 - S)100% (6-5) GB W ( % ) ; GW ( kg) 6.4.6, : K = GK K ( % ) ; GK ( kg) ; GB ( kg) GB 100% (6-6) 6.4.7, 4/ 5 (4/ 5 ) ( 4/ 5 ),, : ( % ) ; GZ ( kg) ; GB ( kg) 6.4.8 : = GZ 100% (6-7) GB B = B ( / ) ; QB ( kg ) ; n () ; t( h ) 6.4.9 QB nt (6-8) : N = W BZ (6-9) N(/ ) ; W(/ ) ; BZ ( t/ h)
176 1.? 2.?? 3.?? 4.?? 5.? 6.? 7.? 8.? 9.()? 10.? 11.? 12. 13.? 14.? 15.? 16.?? 17.?? 18.?? 19.? 20.,? 21.,? 22.?
7,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 7.1, 7.1.1,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,, 7.1.2,, 15 C20 C,,,,,,,
178,, 1. 7-1, 7-1 1 ; 2 5 11 ; 3 ;4 ; 6 ; 7 ;8 ;9 ; 10 ; 12 (1 ) (2 ), 1.21.5 mm 35, 5 mm, 7-1 7-1 (mm) 5 5 6 5 ( % ) 10 22.5 7-2,,,
7 179 7-2 1 ; 2 ; 3 (3 ),, 2. 7-2 7-2 mm 2 000400 35 kg/ cmh 190 5 mm mm % 90 5 22.5 mm mm % 6 (1) 489, ( 2) 404, ( 3)374, (4 )328, (5) 270, ( 6)140 5 10 m 3 / m 2 h 3 6004 200 Pa 340 3.,,,,,
180,,,,,, 7-3 7-3 t/ h 7.5 %, 0.2 % 3 % 0.03; 0.005 / t :0.5; :0.8 ;:1.0 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 C5 C,,,,,,,,, 7.1.3,, 1.MMJP (1 ) MMJP 7-3,,,,,,,,
7 181 7-3 MMJP 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 35 %, 5% 25% 20%,,,, (2 ) MMJP 7-4,, : :, 1416 / 50 mm,,, 16 / 50 mm, 3.53.7 :, 1618 / 50 mm,, 2.62.8 :, 2325 / 50 mm 7-4 MMJP1003, 22.2
182 (3 ) MMJP 7-4 7-4 MMJP MMJP633 MMJP803 MMJP1003 ( kg/ h ) 1250 2100 3300 ( kw) 0.55 1.1 1.11.1 ( r/ min) 15015 15015 15015 ( mm) 40 40 40 ( ) 1.2 1.2 1.2 3.7 3.7 3.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.0 2.0 2.0 () ( mm) 1 2467401 276 1 6251 0001 315 1 7251 0871 386 ( kg) 415 520 615 2.MMJM MMJM,,,,,,, (1 ) MMJM 7-5,,,,,,,,,,, 3.23.7; 3.03.5 ;, 2.02.2,,, 2.62.8, 7-6
7 183 7-5 MMJM 1 ; 2 ; 3 ;4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ;15 ; 16 ; K ; 7-6 MMJM (2 ) MMJM 7-5 7-5 MMJM MMJM80 MMJM100 MMJM125 ( kg/ h) 3.4 4.2 5.2 ( kw) 0.75 ( ) 3 ( r/ min) 300 400 500 (m 3 / min) 10 12 15 ( kg ) 600 700 800 ( ) (mm) 2 0201 2001 460 2 0201 4001 460 2 0201 6501 460
184 MMJM 7-6 7-6 MMJM ( r/ min) 300 a = 40, b = 28 28 20( ) 400 350 mm a = 28, b = 20 20 20 500 60 mm a = 15, b = 10 10 10 3. (1 ),,,,, 12 min,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, 30 C,,,, (3 ) 7-7 7-8 7-7 MMJP ( ) 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3., 1., 2. 3., 1., 2. 3.,
7 185 7-7 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5., 1. 2. 3., 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1., 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 7-8 MMJM,,, 1. 2. 1. 2. 400 r/ min 500 r/ min, 6-7,, 1. 2., 1. 2. 23 mm
186 7.1.4 1.,,,, 2.KB40G-C KB40G-C,,, KB40G-C,, 7-7 7-7 KB40G -C (1 ) KB40G -C KB40G -C,, 7-7
7 187,,, 4,,, 3540 m 3 / min, 130150 min H 2 (2 ) KB40G-C KB40G-C 7-9 7-9 KB40G-C KB40G -C 3037 kw 34( t/ h) 22.5 (t/ h ) 850( r/ min) 800( kg) 21506301880 (3 ) KB40G-C, a., : b. c., d., 0.3 M Pa e. 0.180.2 MPa a.,, b.,, 3 0004 000 kg/ h,, / c., 1520 L/ H,,,,,, d.,, e.,,,
188,,,,,,, f.,,, g.,,, h.,, ; /, ;,, ; a., b. c.,, d., e., f., g., 3.CM CM21, 7-8 7-8 CM21 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 V ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ;13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22
7 189 CM,,,,, (1 ) (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,,, (4 ), (5 ) CM 7-10 7-10 CM t( )/ h ( kw) ( kw) (mm) CM141 1.01.5 2230 5.5 1 4807402 150 CM161 1.52.0 3037 7.5 1 7008502 420 CM181 2.53.5 3745 7.5 2 0701 4401 990 CM211 3.54.5 4555 11 2 9401 5402 070 CM162 2.53.2 3755 7.5 1 8001 4502 670 CM182 2.83.5 4555 11 2 1301 6202 800 CM212 3.55.0 5575 11 2 0351 4702 605 (6 ) a., b. c. d.,
190 e., f. a. b.,, c.,,, d.,, e., f.,, g., h., 85 C a.,,, b.,,, c. d. (7 ) 7-11 7-11 1. 2. 4. 5. 1. 2. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3., 4. 5., 6. 7. 8. 9.
7 191 7-11 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2., 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3., 1. 2. 1. 2., 1. 2. 1. 0.3 MPa,, 2.,, CM 7-12
192 7-12 CM 1. 2. ( ) 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2., 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 1. 2., 1. 2. 1. 0.3 MPa,, 2. 7.1.5,, 7-9,,,, ;,,, 1. 7-10, 7-9 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 2 (22.5 mm),, 7 6, 10,,
7 193 7-10 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ;5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ;11 ; 12 ;13 ; 14, 8,, 1,, 13 14, 2. 7-12 7-12 / MMJA50/ 50 MMJA503 MMJA601 MMJA711 MMJA60 / 60 MMJA60 / 71 MMJA71 t/ h 1.5 2.5 1.52 33.5 1.52 33.5 44.5 (mm) 5001 800 5001 800 6002 000 7102 500 6002 000 6002 500 7102 500 (mm) 5001 800 5001 800 6002 000 6002 500 7102 500 ( % ) < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 ( % ) < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 ( % ) < 5 < 5 < 3 < 3 < 3 ( m 3 / h) 720 720 240 360 480 720 720 ( Pa) 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 ( kw) 0.752 0.753 1.1 1.1 1.1x2 1.1x2 1.1x2 / 71 3 080720 3 080720 2 7701 1003 3001 1002 7701 1003 3001 100 3 3001 100 () ( mm) 1 650 2 450 1 000 1 000 1 975 2 000 2 000
194 3. (1 ),,,,, 2/ 3,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,, ;,, (4 ),,,, 4. (1 ),,,,,,,, 2/ 3,,, (2 ),,,,,,,
7 195,,,,,,, ;,,, (3 ),,,,, 7.1.6,,,,, 1.,, 2.,, MMS AMD SS-B, EM ADM, MMS MMS 7-11, (1 ),, ;,,
196 7-11 1 ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 / ; 9 ; 10 ;11 ; 12 (2 ),, (3 ), 20120,,,,, V U V, V, 1%, 0.3%, 99.7% (,, ), 13 1 %, 60 kg/ h U,,, 17 1 %, 80100 kg/ h, 1 % 2 %, U,, (4 ), :,, :,,,,,,,
7 197,, (5 ),, (6 )( ),, (7 ) (8 )( ),,,,, 3., (),,,,, 4. 7-12 1 2 3, ( ), 4 5, 5,, 7,, 6,,,, 9,,, 7-12 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9, 8,, MMS :
198 5. 7-13 7-13 ASM120 MMS-24A Sorte9400 STATEKE (EM800) CS480 A CS240 CA20 20 24 40 80 48 24 20 ( kg/ h) 1200 1400 3000 6000 3600 1400 1200 ( kw) 0.5 1.2 2.0 3.9 0.25 1.1 0.8 ( V/ Hz) 220/ 50 220/ 50 220/ 50 220/ 50 220/ 50 220/ 50 220/ 50 (m 3 / min) 0.5 0.6 1.5 2.0 1.7 0.6 0.5 ( MPa) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ( kg) 200 400 (mm) 710800 1 900 8301 090 2 300 1 2541 391 1 944 1 5881 095 2 030 9851 440 1 942 7461 035 2 050 450830 1 500, 6. (1 ),,,,,, 2% 2%,,,,,,
7 199,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, ;,,,,,,, V U V,, ;,, ;U,,, V,,, 1 m 3, 0.60.7 Pa, 0.200.25 Pa 0.5 Pa, 35 C,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,
200 7. (1 ) : a. ; b., ; c. ; d. () a. ; b. ; c. ; d. ; (2 ) (),,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, : a. ; b. ; c., ; d. ; e., ; f.,,, g. ( ),,, : 15, 30 8. 7-14
7 201 7-14 1. 2. 3. 4., 1. 2. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 1. 2. 1., 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.. 4. 5., 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7.2,,,,, 7.2.1 1/ 3 ; 0.5% 1/ 3, 7.2.2 MKXS MKXS,,
202 ;, 1. MKXS, 7-13 7-13 MKXS.632-1 1 ;2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9,,, ( ),,,
7 203 2. MKXS 7-14,,, 7-14 MKXS 3. MKXS 7-15 7-15 MKXS KXS.632-1 KXS.802-1 KXS.1122 t/ h 0.20.3 0.330.5 0.80.9 r/ min 15015( ) mm 40 2 1 ( ) mm 1 100630 1 260800 1 3401 120 / 50mm / 50mm 2828,3232 4747,5151 2828, 3232 4747, 5151 2828,3232 4747,5151 kw 0.55 1.1 1.1 ( ) mm 1 3377401 212 1 5551 0001 262 1 6901 2071 339 4. (1 ),,,,, 5 min, ( 145160 r/ min ),, ;,
204,,,,,,,,, 24,,,, (2 ),, ( MKXS.632-1 ) HJ20, HJ30, 6, ( ) ; 3 ; 6,,,,,,,,,,, 5. MKXS 7-16 7-16 MKXS ( ) 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3., 1., 2. 3., 1., 2. 3.,, 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.
7 205 7-16 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1., 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3., 4. 7.2.3 MKXG.63 MKXG.63,,,,,,, 1. MKXG.63 7-15, 7-15 MKXG.63
206 (1 ) 2 mm,,, 10,, (2 ),, 7-16 A,, A, 7-16 7-17,, 7-17 (3 ) SG, (4 ),,, 7-18 7-18
7 207 (5 ),,, 2. MKXG.63 7-19,,, 7-19 MKXG.63 3. MKXG.63 7-16 7-16 MKXG.63 t/ h 0.20.4 % 95 % 5 % 3 2 / 50mm 2424,2828,3232 / 50mm 5555,5555,5959 ( ) mm 1020630 mm 3 10 r/ min 1200 kw 0.75 ( ) mm 11959231260
208 4. (1 ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, 10 mm,,,, 33.2 mm 5. MKXG.63 7-17 7-17 MKXG.63 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. () 1. 2. 3. 1. 2., 3., 5 ( ) 1. 2., 1. 2.,
7 209 7-17 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3., 1. 2. 3., 1. 2. 3. 4. 1., 2. 8mm 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. ( 12 ) 2. 3. 7.2.4 MKXF MKXF 30 50 80t,,, MKXF, ; 1 mm 1 mm,, 1. MKXF 7-20,,,,,,,,,,,,
210 2. MKXF,,,,,, 7-20 MKXF,,,,,, 3. MKXF 7-18 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 7-18 MKXF ( kg/ h) (m 3 / s) ( Pa) (m 3 / s) ( kg) ( ) (mm) MKXF.80 300 1540 300 6 62 8522230 MKXF.63 200 925 130 5 49 6821980 MKXF.50 100 700 100 4.4 40 5501660 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
7 211,,,,, 5. MKXF 7-19 7-19 MKXF 1. 2. 3., 4. 1., 2. 3. 4. 1., 2. 1. 2., 1. 2. 1. 2. 7.2.5 KXFD KXFD, 1. KXFD 7-21 :,,,,, 2.KXFD KXFD,,,,, ;, ;, ;,
212 7-21 KXFD 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 3. KXFD 7-20 7-20 KXFD KXFD20 KXF D30 KX FD45 K XFD60 KXFD30B KXF D45B KX FD80B ( t/ h) 0.15 0.30 0.45 0.6 0.35 0.5 0.65 ( % ) 99 0.5 0.4 1 0.8 (m 3 / h ) (m 3 / h ) ( Pa) 8001 400 1 2002 0001 8003 0002 4004 0001 2002 0001 8003 000 2 4004 000 500 600 900 1 200 600 900 1 200 353 490 550 570 490 550 570 ( kw) 0.36 0.36 0.36 1400 ( mm) 252 354 504 654 500 650 800 1 500 1 595 1 685 1 795 1 805 1 905 1 995 ( kg) 80 109 128 158 159 178 208
7 213 4. (1 ) KXFD KXFD,, 10 mm, 13.5% (2 ) KXFD : a.,, b.,, : a.,,, b.,, c.,, ( 6% ),, d., 14 %, 4 h,, (3 ), 7.2.6,,, 90%,,, 7-22 (a) ( b ),,,, 7-22 ( c),
214 7-22,,,, 2428 / 50 mm, ;, 5755 / 50 mm,, 510 kg/ cm 2 h, 150 kg/ cm 2 h 1.? 2.? 3. 4.
7 215 5. 6.? 7. KXFD 8.? 9. 10.
8 8.1 8.1.1,,,,, 500,, ( ), 18 : (1 ), (1.8 % 2.2% ) (0.4 % )5,,,, 1, 4.5% (2 ),, 37% 76% 63.6%, (3 ),,, 40%, 50%, 20%,,, 1% 2% (4 ),,,, 25% 30%, 15 % 20 % (5 ),,,,,,, ;, ;,
8 217 8.1.2,, : 1.,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2., 30 %, 30%,,,,,,,,,,, 80 C90 C, 70 C, 3 h,, 3.,,,,,,,,, 100 C,
218,,,,,,,,,, 4.,, 34% 36%,, 100 C,,,, 14%,,, ( 400 C 650 C ) (120 C140 C) ( 300 C),, 34% 36% 16% 18% ; 4 h, ( 70 C ),,, ( 2035 m/ s ),,, 35( 650 C),,,,,, 2.5 h, 30 C40 C,,, 5.,,,,,,, 6.,, 34,,,,,, :, 10%,,,,,
8 219,,, 7. : 8.2 8.2.1,, 2.8% 3.4%, B 25.91% 33.35%,,,,,,,,,,, 8.2.2 1.,,,,, 0.01 %,,,,,, : (1 ),,,,,,,,
220,, 60 C, 700800 r/ min,, 0.5% 0.8%,,,, 34 mm,, (2 ),,,,, (3 ), 55 / 25.4 mm, 1414 / 25.4 mm, (4 ),,,,,,, 50 kg 5080 ml : a.,, b.,, c.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,, :
8 221 (1 ),, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,, 1%, 0.3 %,, 610 3 3.710 2 8.2.3,,,, 8-4 :, : < 0.7 mg/ kg, < 0.02 mg/ kg, < 0.3 mg/ kg, DDT < 0.2 mg/ kg
222 ( ),,, 8-1 ( ) % % % / kg % / kg / kg % / kg %,, 60 % 2 5 0.01 0 0 1 0 5 0 15.5 1, 3 8.3 8.3.1,,,,,,, 0.2% 0.12 %, 2.3 :,, 8.3.2, 70% 80%,,,, A,,,,
8 223 D,,, B1 B2, FA O/ W H O ( 8-2), () ( ) FA O/ W H O,,, 100 g 0.15 g 8-2 FAO/ WHO + + FAO/ W HO 5.00 7.40 4.00 6.00 3.50 5.50 4.00 1.00 8-3 1958 1972 ( mg/ kg) 4.48.8 6.4 ( mg/ kg) 2.65.3 4.0 (mg/ kg) 3571 53 ( mg/ kg) 2951 58 ( mg/ kg) 11022205 2116 ( sup / kg ) 5512204,, B1 B2 8-3,, B1 B2, 50%,, 50%,,,,, 25%
224 8.3.3,,,, 1.,,,, 8-1 8-1 (1 ) B1 B6 B12 0.2%,,, 46,, 2 4 h, 30 C40 C, 10%, 40 C,,,,,, (2 ) B2,,, (3 ),,,,,, 100 C
8 225 20 min,, (4 ) 5%, 40 C, 13%, 2.,, 8-2 8-2
226 (1 ), 40 kg20 C 7%, 100 kg,, 810 4 Pa 10 min,, (2 ), 7 min,,, 15% (3 ), : 1.2 kg3 kg 10 kg50 C,, 3 min,, 80 C 30 min, 60 C 45 min (4 ), : 1%, 1.5 kg 1 kg,,,,,, (5 ),, 10 kg, 3.,,,,, 8-3 B 1 B 2 1 2 8-3,,, 90%, 60% 70%, 80 %,, (60 C),,,,
8 227 8.4 8.4.1 () 80%, 2%, 22 %,, 25%, 80%, 11 EB1 B2 B6,,,, 8.4.2, 80%,,, 68, ( 46 # 60 # ),,,,,, 68,,, 68,,,,,,,, 8.5 8.5.1 1. ( ),,,,,, 2- -1-10 - 7 10-6 2- -1-, 2- -1-, 2., 8-4,
228 8-4,,,, 3.,,, 5 min, 5 min, 10-6 : = 12 50015 000,, 50 %,,,, 1% 8.6 8.6.1,, ( ) 20 60,,, 20 90,,
8 229, 8.6.2 1.,,,,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,,,,,,, 8.6.3 : ; ; ; ( ) ; ; ;, 1.,,,,,,,,
230 : ( 1% ) ( 5% ) ( 10% ) ( 15% ), 2.,,,,, 3.,,,,,, 2/ 3,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,, 5.,,,,,,, 6.,,, 20 90, : ( ) (
8 231,,,,, ),, 8.6.4,, 1.,,, 2.,,, 3.,,,,,,, 4.,,,, 5. 8.6.5 1.,,,,, 45,, 4
232 GB135486, ( N Y/ T 5932002 ) 2.,,,,,,, B1 B6 B12, 34 663, 8 963, 25.8%, ( ) 235, 0.7%,,,, 1831.8, 2028, 200800 m, 1 000 m, 8001 000 m 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. 80%, 100 g 2 g,, 22%,, 25%, 80%, 11 E B1 B2 B6,,,,,
8 233 5. 6.,, 10% 15%,,,, 40 %,, 1/ 31/ 2 8.6.6,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, 8.6.7 1. :,, 34 8-5 : 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
234,, 8-6 8-5 8-6 ( ) 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8,,, 8-7 3. :,,, 8-8 8-7 ( ) 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 8-8
8 235 1.?? 2.? 3.? 4.? 5. 6.? 7.
9 9.1 9.1.1,,, :,,,,, :,, :,,, :, 9.1.2 1.DCS (1 ) DCS, :,,,, 50% 200%,,,,
9 237 ( RS-232 ) 5 000,,, (2 )DCS,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, (3 )DCS DCS 9-1 9-1 DCS50 1;2 ;3 ;4 ; 5 ; 6 ;7;8 ; 9 :, :,,, :,,,,,
238,, 20 g :,,, 2, 2 4060,, :, 2 5040,,, : / 9-2 9-3 9-2 9-3,,,,
9 239,,,, 2/ 3,,, 1/ 3,,,, LED, (),,, (4 )DCS DCS 9-1 9-1 DCS DCS-50 DCS-100 DCS-50B DCS-50C ( kg) 50 100 50 50 ( kg) 2550 50100 2550 2550 ( kg) 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.1 % FS ( / h) > 240 > 180 > 240 > 240 (W) 90 ( ) ( mm) 0 C40 C, 90 % 0.40.8 MPa,1 m 3 / h 1 310620710 1 510700760 1 3101 020710 1 3201 120710 (5 )DCS DCS : a.,, 0.30.4 M Pa b.,, c.,,, d. / e.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, f. : /,,,,
240 g. :,, (, ), ;, h.,,,, ;,,,,,, i. :, 50%,,,, j. :,, 00 : : a., /,, b., c.,,,,, ( ) d., 15 s e.,,,,, f.,,, g., 1/ 3 20 # : a., b., ( ),, c., d. : ; ; ; e., (6 ) DCS 9-2
9 241 9-2 DCS.cal..cc..E E.,,, 15 s,,,,,,,,,0.16 kg,,,,, 2 kg,,,,,,,,,, 9.2 9.2.1,,,,,,, 9.2.2 1. : 50 k g 25 kg; : 20 kg 15 kg 10 kg 5 kg 2.5 kg 1.5 kg 1 kg
242 2.,, 9.2.3 :,, 1. (1 ) 2835 kg, 300 450 ; 3545 kg 180280,, 14% ; ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),, 9-3 9-3 7135 6635 6632 6630 5728 8031 1 2 3 4 5 6 71 66 66 66 57 80 (/ 10 cm) 35 35 32 30 28 31 10 10 10 10 10 10 (/ 10 cm) 6 6 6 6 6 6 ( kg) 95 110 80 90 110 80 90 105 75 85 95 70 70 70 48 105 90 60 107 107 107 90 90 105 112 (cm) ( kg) 74 74 74 58 1 000 980 960 648 595 740 1 000 58 74 68
9 243 2. (1 ) 36,,, :, ( ),, (2 ), :,, ;,, ;, ;, 3. (1 ),,,,,,, 40%,,, : ( PE) :,,,, ( PVC) :,,,,, ( PP ) :,, ;, (2 ),,,,,,,,, 9.2.4 1.,
244,, 1 m,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,, 9-4,,,, O,,,,,,,,,,, 3. 9-4 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8O ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 14 ; 12 ; 13 15,,
9 245,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9.2.5 1.JB.18 (1 ) JB.18 JB.18, 9-5,,, 9-5 JB.18 1 ;2; 3;4;5,,,, 9-6, F F, G G C C, D D E E, ;, 9-7,,,,,,, 23,
246 9-6 9-7,,,,,,,,, 8,,,, (2 ) JB.18 9-4 9-4 DBB.18 JB.18 ( kg) 50100 50100 ( / ) 180 180 ( r/ min) 800850 800850 ( mm) 10 10 ( mm) 720 720 (m/ s ) 7.58.0 7.58.0 (mm) 2 974 2 245 ( kw) 7.0 1.35 ( kg) 3 200 703 ( ) (mm) 4 8263 6903 198 2 7701 4004 508 2.P M5000,
9 247 (1 ), 9-8 9-8 PM5000 :,, :,,, : ( ), ( ), (),, :,,,,,,, : ( 0 C256 C), 200 C,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,
248 (2 ) P M5000 9-5 9-5 PM5000 35 / min 2.55 kg - 2 2 220 V 0.01 m 3 / h ( kg) (mm) () ( mm) 332550 645 1 0508001 930 (3 ),,,,,,,, (4 ),, 5 kg/ cm 2, 0.01 m 3 / h,, ( 200 C ),,,, (20 mm),,,,,,,, (5 ) P M5000 9-6 9-6 PM5000 1., 1. 2. 2.,,,,,
9 249 9-6,,,,,, 1.? 2. DCS 3.? 4.? 5.? 6. PM5000
10 10.1,,,, 10.1.1 :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10.1.2,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
10 251,,,, 10.1.3 1.,, : 2.,,,,,, : 30 t 50 t 80 t, 10-1, 10-1 t/ 30 50 80 100 150 160 200 240 320 t/ 10 16.7 26.7 33.3 50.0 53.3 66.7 80.0 106.7 t/ 1.25 2.08 3.33 4.17 6.25 6.67 8.33 10 13.3 : 100 150 200 t/ 50 t/ : 160 240 320t/ 80t/ 3.,, 10.2 10.2.1,,,,,,,,,, : (1 ),,
252,,,,,, (2 ), (3 ) (4 ) (5 ), (6 ),,,,,, :,,,,,,,, 10.2.2,,,,,, 1. (1 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
10 253, a.,,,,,,,,, b.,,,,,, c.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, (2 ) : :,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
254,,,,,,,,, ( ), :, (),,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, ;,
10 255,, ;,,,,,,,, 34,,,, :,,,, 0.2%,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,, 2. (1 ), :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3%,,,,, ( 10-1 (a) )
256, ( 10-1 ( b) ),, ( 10-1( c) ) 10-1 TQSF,,,, 30%, 70%, (2 ), ;, ;,,, ( ),, a.,,,,,,,,,,, 10-2, (a ), ( b)
10 257 10-2 b.,, 10-3( a) :,,, (, ),,,,, 10-3 c.,
258 10-4( a),, 10-4 10-4( b ),, (3 ),, : a. 10-5, ;,, 10-5
10 259 b.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10-6 10-6 c. :,,,,,,, 10-7,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10-7
260 10.2.3, 1. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (2 ), ( 35 ),, ( )( ),,,, ( ), ( ),,,, (3 ), :,,,,,,, 34 m/ s, 0.51 m/ s,,,,, () ;, 2., 27,, 3. :,
10 261,,,,, 10.2.4 1. (1 ) : Qm 1000 Q = ( 10-1) 24Mg Q( kg/ h ) ; Qm (t/ 24h) ; Mg ( % ) (2 ), 20% : a.,,,,,,, 10% 20 % b.,,, c.,, : Qq = kq ( 10-2) Qq ( kg/ h), Qs = Q( 1 - d) ( 10-3) a. : Qc ( kg / h ) ; d( % ) b. : Mc ( % ) Qc = Qm Mc 24 c. : Qn = Qm 1 000 24 ( 10-4) ( 10-5)
262 Qn ( kg/ h ), : Qk ( kg/ h ) ; Qk = Qc H ( 10-6) H ( % ),, H = 6% 8% ;, H = 7% 9% ;, H = 10% 12% ;,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (5 % ),, 10-8, : G1 ( kg/ h ) ; Gk : GL ( kg/ h ) ; G2 ( kg/ h ) ; G3 ( kg/ h ) ; G4 ( kg/ h ) ; G5 ( kg/ h ) ; Gp ( kg/ h ) : : 10-8 GL = G1 + G2 G2 (1 - u0 ), Gt G1 t, : Gt ( kg/ t) ; G1 t = G1 t + G2 ( 1 - u0 )
10 263 t, ( % ) ; u0, ds : G2 G1 t = GL (1 - ds ) = G( 1 - d s ) (1 - t ) 1 - u0 GL ds = G2 u0 ds = :, : : GL G2 = G2 u0 GL GL (1 - ) 1 - t u0 t u0 ) = G 1 ( 1 - t (1 - u0 ) G1 (1 - G2 = GL - G1 = t ) t ( 1 - u0 ) ( 10-7) ( 10-8) G3 = G1 Gk ( 10-9), 40% 50% (4 ) G5 G4 = G1 - G3 = G1 (1 - Gk ) (10-10) = G4 s = G1 (1 - Gk ) s (10-11) Gp = G2 + G4 + G5 G1 (1 - = t ) + G1 (1 - Gk ) + G1 ( 1 - Gk ) t ( 1 - u0 ) s 1 - t = G1 ( 1 + s ) (1 - Gk ) + t (1 - u0 ) (10-12), 10% 20%, Qm g = Qc Mc = Qm (10-13),,,,, 10%,, 90% ;, 80 %,,,,
264, (, ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,, : n = G G0 (10-14) n() ; G ( kg/ h) ; G0 ( kg/ h),, : G0 s = G ns (10-15) G0 s ( kg/ h ) ; ns ()
10 265 (2 ) : B = G q0 (10-16) B( cm m 2 ) ; q0 ( kg/ cmh kg/ m 2 h ) : n = B b (10-17) n() ; b (cmm 2 ),, : q0 s = G ns b q0 s ( kg/ cmh kg/ m 2 h) ; ns () (3 ), : n1 () ; n1 = GN 1000 (10-18) (10-19) N 1 000 kg ( 120 N, 59 mm 3. : N = 5 ; N = 6 ; N = 10 ),,,,,, : V( m 3 ) ; K 2, K 2 = 0.8; t( h ) ; r ( kg/ m 3 ) r t 10-2 V = Gt rk 2 (10-20)
266 10-2 ( h ) ( ) 12 0.250.5 12 0.250.5 560 560 580 770 800 ( kg/ m 3 ) 580 580 600 750 780 : 1. 0.5 1 h ; 2. 23 h; 3., 8 h 10 12 h ; 4., 24 h, 10-3, 10-3 ( kg/ h) ( kg/ h) 10.2.5, :, GB12529.190 GB12529.290, GB887588, 10-4 10-4
10 267 10-4
268 10-4
10 269 10-4
10-4 ( ) 270
10 271 10-4
272 10-4 ( ) ( )
10 273 10-4,,,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 10-5 10-5 ( ) ( ) 10.2.6, : 1., 2.,
274,,, 3.,, 4. 5. 10.3 10.3.1 50 t 1. 50 t, 10-9 2. 50 t SM.18 PM.14,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, - -,,, MJP,, 10.3.2 80 t 1. 80 t 10-10
10 275
276
10 277 2. 80 t,,, (1 ),, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, TQLZ, TQSF,,,,,,, (2 ),,, MGCZ10011,,,,, (3 ) NMS18/ 18B,, NF14/ 14B,,,,, MMJM,,,,,,, 10.3.3 160 t 1. 160 t 10-11 2. 160 t,,,,
278
10 279 (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, MMJM,,,, KXFD,,,,, 1. 2.? 3.? 4.? 5. 6.,? 7.? 8.? 9.? 10.,? 11.,? 12.? 13. 14. 50 t 80 t,,
11,,,,,,,,, 11.1, 20%, 3.6,,,,, 11.1.1 1., 510 mm 2.55 mm2530 m, 961 60 kg/ m 3,, 384400 kg/ m 3,, 35, 80160 4345, 80 40 20%, 87% 97% 200400 kg/ m 3, 2.14, 0.062( 0.041, 0.030, 0.028 ), 50 60 m 2 / g 2., 20%, 11-1 11-1 ( % ) 7.515.0 2.53.0 0.041.7 35.545.0 16.022.0 21.026.0 13.022.0,,, 20% 22 %
11 281 3%, 11-2. 11-2 ( : g/ 16.8g N) 3.82 1.22 3.42 4.30 8.60 4.20 4.66 10.42 5.43 6.13 1.90 5.69 1.70 3.66 6.47 2.16 4.40 6.50 1 %,, C2 2 C24 2% 3%, 4 : - 51.59%, 22.3%, 20.13%, 2.92% 11-3 11-3 ( :g/ g) B 1 B 2 1.11( 0.841.35 ) 0.76( 0.620.93 ) 1.86( 14.025.1 ) 57.81.4 mmol, 11-4 11-4 ( : mmol/ kg) 3.50 1.34 2.88 1.19 1.60 5.74 1.14 11-5 83 %,, 3 000 kcal/ kg, 20%,, 94% 96% 90%, 11-5 ( : % ) K Na Cu Mg Fe P Mn Zn 0.73 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.18 0.01 0.15 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.001 : ;
282,,,,,,,, 11.1.2 ( 112114 kg/ m 3 ) ( 13.4415.54 MJ/ kg),,, :, 1. (1 ), 30% 40%,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, 415%,,, 5% 8% 17 % 20 %, 10 % 60%, 30% 50%, 10%,,, 60%,,, :,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 150 C, 200 C300 C : ( 12% ) 500 kg, 150 kg, 5 kg/ min, 200 C230 C 1.5 M Pa 10 s, 500 kg (12 % ) (3 ),
11 283 (), : : 100 kg, 20 kg 3 kg30 kg 50 g () 100 g,, 30 C 48 h, 145 kg : 15 % 2 % 0.01%,,,,,,, (4 ),,, :,,,, 170 C180 C,, 1.71.8 M Pa,,,,, 20%, 2. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 1 kg 3 700 kcal,,, :, ( 600 C) ( 8% 12% ),,
284,,, 1 % 2%,,, (2 ),, 1 t, 23 kg 1, : 11-1 11-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 : 11-2 :,,, ( C + O2 = CO2, C + 1 2 O 2 = 2CO), ( C + CO2 = 2CO ), ( C + H2 O = CO + H2 ),,,,,,,,,,
11 285 11-2 () 300 C 30 C,, 2.5 kg/ cm 2,,,, :,,, 1/ 6, 3., ; 11-3
286 11-3,,, 11-4 11-4 (1 ),, (400600 kpa), ( 160 C200 C ), ()
11 287 ( 100 C103 C ),,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) 500 C 20 h 91%,,, (3 ),,,, 1001 000 m 2 / g,,,,,,,,, (4 ), 105 C, 1060 min, ( 1 100 C1 350 C),,,,, (5 ),,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 4. (1 ), (, ),,
288,,,,,,,, : : 60, ( 2% ) ( 5% 8% ), 165 C, 6 7 MPa, 1.1 1.3 g/ cm 3, 2025 min,, 175 C 200 C, 1215 min :, (,, ), ( 20 ), ( ), 7% 14%,, 8.2 M Pa, 140 C145 C, 1820 min, 24 h,,,,, 100 kg 20 kg 60 kg 10 kg 5 kg,, (2 ) 20%, : 50 % 90 % 10% 15%, 1 000 cm 2 / g,, ;, (3 ),,,,,,,,
11 289, 6001 200 k g/ m 3, 1.56.5 M Pa,, 15% 20%,, 1% 2%,, 120 C 24 h, 50 C 1 100 C1 175 C, 1224 h, 5. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10, (2 ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ), : 5100, 120 C 1 h,, 5% 1 500 L, 500 ml (5 % 6, 1, p H 3.2, ) 40 ml, I, 30 C p H3.2 22 h, 3.95%, 200 L 200 L ( ) 1200 L, ( 0.05% ), ph3.2 32 C10.8 1820 h, 48 g/ L, 1 500 L 1 500 L 930 L( 5% 6, 1, 930 L, 0.050.08
290, ph 3.2, ), 0.5 %, 30 C p H3.2. 11.1, 1114 h, 17.819.3 g/ L (), 18.9 g/ L,,,,, (4 ),,,, 11.2 11.2.1 1., 11-6 11-6 ( % ) 1014 1216 1520 3541 68 810, 37%, 36%, 22%, 5% 11-7 11-7 ( : g/ 16.8g ) 7.1 4.9 3.3 6.1 9.2 1.4 9.6 4.3 5.0 1.2 2.7 5.6 16.8 6.1 3.0 4.1 5.2 1.4 5.2, 20%,,,, 8,, 8.7% 11.4% 9.6 % 12.8 %,,,
11 291,, 89% 11-8 11-8 ( : mg/ kg) A1 53369 P 14 80028 700 Ca 1401 310 K 13 65023 900 Cl 510970 Si 1 70016 300 Fe 190530 Na 0290 Mg 8 65012 300 Zn 80 Mn 110877 B E, A C 11-9 11-9 ( : mg/ kg) A 4 4 6009 300 B 1 1028 1 3001 700 B 2 23 0.7 236590 0.51.5 1032 B12 0.005 2871 E 150 0.20.6, 4 % 7 %, 1 000,, 60%,,, 272275 kg/ m 3, 310,,,,, 2.,,,,,,
292, 4, () A( A1 A2 ) C D 11-10, 11-10 / ( U/ 100 g) / ( U/ 100 g) 34 100 C 12 35 A 8 24 D 13 39,, ph 7.5 8, 37 C, 11% 15 %, 1 3, 1 3,,, 2,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ;,, (1 ) 24 h 1015 min, 95 C, 4% 6%, 115 C120 C, 3% 4%,,,,,, (2 ) 100 C,,,, 515 min, 25 C, 140, 2.1% 2.9%,, (3 ), 130 C, 7.2%, 1, 3.,, 11-5
11 293 11-5 (1 ) 15% 20%,, 11-11 11-11 ( C140 ) ( C160 ) ( C180 ) (C181) (C182) ( C183 ) (C204) ( % ) 0.2 16 2 42 38 1.4 0.6, 41 2% 5 % E,,,, 38%,,, 8% 10%, 7% 8 % 11% 15%, 1.5% 2.0 %,, : :,
294 :,, 13 cm,,, 1520 min, 125 C130 C,,,, 100 C105 C, 9.5% 11% :,,,, 5% 15%, ( ),,,, :,, (1% 3% ),,,,, ( 80 C90 C ),,, : 5% 8 %, 8% 10 % 17% 18%, 80 % 12% 13%,,,,,,, : a. : 85 C90 C,,,,, 20 C,, b. :, 65 C70 C, 5 %, 4060 min 80 C,, 25 min,,, 46 h,, c. :,, ( kg) = (t) 0.713 1820 35 C40 C, 1820, 1 h 60 r/ min, 40 min,,, 1 C, 70 C80 C,,
11 295 40 r/ min, 3 % 5%,, 10min,,,, d. :, 80 C 90 C, 10 % 15 %, 15 min, 12 h p H 7,,, e. : 105 C110 C,, 0.2% f. :, 95 C100 C, 2%, 2030 min,,,, g. :, ( 60 mm Hg ), 220 C 46 h, 40 C60 C,,, :,, 0.2%, 0.3%, 3, 101, (2 ) 3% 5 %,,,,,,,, : :, 90 C, :, 20 C,,, :, 11%, 85 C90 C2 h,, 1, 1 h, :,, 10 h, :,, 1012 80100 kg, 95 C 24 h,, 2060 min, 1/ 31/ 2 67,,,, ( 13.5% )
296 3% 5%,, 23,, 130 C, : ( ),,, 78 C82 C, (15 C)0.930.98, 25, 812, 6070, 45 % 55 % (3 ) (), 2% 3%,,, : 30,, 0.5,,, 50 C60 C, 64 C,, 10%,,,, 50% 50 C,,, 95 C, 2 h, p H = 89 56, ( ),, 60 C70 C, 30 min p H = 8.89.3 50 C55 C, 5% 6%, 50 C60 C, p H = 7.0, ( ), p H = 6.56.7, 30 min, 45 C50 C,,,,,, 14, (23 cm), 70 C80 C 24 h,,,,,,
11 297 :, 95 % ( ), 1%, 0.3 % (4 ) 2.17 %, 1.05%,, :, 60 C 80 C, 1% 40 kg 500 L 320 kg,, 95 r/ min, 50 C55 C,, 34 h,,, 10 C15 C, 1 h,, ( 6 ), 0.40.5 M Pa, 50 %,, 1/ 5, 810 h, 0.30.4 MPa (60 C),, 30 95%,, 70 C78 C, 5 %,, 20 min, 0.10.2 M Pa, 1 12 h, 12 0.10.2 M Pa 13 100 C,, : 95%, 136 C140 C, - 25-28, 2%, 0.3 % (5 ),, 9.5% 14.5%,,
298 8% 10%,,, :,, 20, 8 0.1 g/ mol ( 50 kg 30% 60 kg),, p H 23, 30 C, 68 h, 46 h, 3,,,, ph 5.86,, 2 h : = 110,, 100, ( ),, 80 C, : : ( P2 O5 ) 36 %, 12%, 14% p H 66.5, (6 ),,, 225 C227 C,, B,, : 1(33.5 ),,,, 80% 5070 r/ min, 0.50.8 Mpa6 h,, ph 2.53,,,, ph 89 15 min 89,, 1%, 90 C,
11 299 (30 min ),, 1.251.3,, 32 C,,, = 11.2,, 5 %, 15 min,, 32 C ( 0.20.3 ) 50 C80 C, : 97%, 0.5 %, 0.005 %, 0.006%, 0.000 5%, 0.005%, 0.002 5%, 0.1%, 224 C227 C (7 ) 35% 41%,,, 100 kg 47 78 kg: a. : 600 k g, 120 kg,, b. : 660 kg,,,,,,,, 90 min c. :,,, 2 h,, 600 kg d. :, 36 C38 C, 13.5 kg ( 2.2% ),, 30 C,, 26 C27 C, 25 C ; 13.3 cm, 810 h,1820 h 46 C48 C,,,, 27 C28 C e. : 2,, 25 C26 C,, 26 C27 C, 50 C 180 kg,, 24 h 4 C5 C, 48 h 29 C30 C,, 7, f. :, 15% 17.1%, 5% 8%, 6.75 % 11 %,40% 52.11 %,, 50 kg 50 12.515 kg : a. : 5660 / 50 mm
300 b. : 350 kg 17.5 kg, 700 kg, 30 kg, 100 kg c. : 50 kg 20 kg,, d. :,, 1 h,, e. :,,,,, 50 kg 50100 kg f. : 2830 kg, 100 kg, 3050 kg, 30 C, g. : 100% 22 C23 C, 200 % 25 C,,, h. : 24 h, 36 C37 C,,, 48 h 1 C2 C, 96 h i. :,,,,,, (8 ) 15% 17.5%,, :, 8,, 1/ 20 0.05 %, 37 C 2 h,, ph 4.55.0, p H ( ), 60 C 1/ 25 85%, 1 h,, 94 % 99 %,,, (9 ), : 80100,, (40 C45 C ),,,, 2, 60 C,,,,, p H 6.5
11 301,,,,,, 85 C,,, 0.15 M Pa,, 95 C, ph 6.5,, 1 h, p H 4.5,,,,,, 95 C, 30 min, 50 C60 C,, 15 h 6, 10 (10),,,,,,,,,, 10% 20 %, B1 B2, 11.2.2 1. 2% 2.2%,, 10,, 20% 11-12 11-12 ( % ) 12.36 22.25 26.44 8.41 3.22 27.31, FAO/ WH O, 11-13,,,,,,
302 11-13 : g/ 100g ( ) WHO 6.39 7.05 6.6 5.63 4.39 4.59 4.3 5.23 1.7 1.61 + 3.89 5.34 4.2 6.37 5.27 6.39 5.5 6.82 7.26 7.81 9.3 9.25 3.56 4.16 4.7 5.03 + 7.76 8.56 7.2 5.63 70%, ( ) 39% 58%,,, 11-14 11-14 ( % ) ( 120) (140) ( 160 ) ( 161 ) (180) (181) ( 182 ) (183) (200) ( 220 ) 1020 < 1 13 2234 3958 < 1 < 1, B1 B2 E, E 23 mg/ 1 mg 11-15 11-15 :g/ g( ) A B 6 E 1.3 45.3 76.0 2.7 5.0 15.2 99 15.2 16.0 13.1 3 725 0.9 30.0 6 400 4.3 2 031 3 000 87.3, 8.41% 11-16 11-16 :g/ g( ) Ca P Fe Cu Mg M n K Na Zn 1 171 27 492 95 18.7 3 358 100 26 501 174 360 922 20 031 100 13 3 449 76 22 171 105 412
11 303,,,,, 2., : 70%, 40 % 50 %, 90%,, : 3. (1 ) E, E,,, ;,, ; ;,,, :,,,, 0.4 mm, E E, :,,, ( 3 mmh g ) 150 C160 C,, E E 200250 mg/ 100 g,
304 E (2 ), : 1 h ( ),,,,,, 50 g 200 ml, p H 6.0 9.67 % 2.99%,,,,, 11.3, 10% 15 %,,,, 1/ 31/ 2 11.3.1, : : :, 30%, 50 %,,, 12 h, : 70 C80 C,,,,,,, 1.5 h,,,,, ( 60 C70 C ),,,, 1.5 h,,,,,, :,, 2 3, 36 C37 C( )28 C32 C ( ),,, 1%, 21 C22 C : 12 h,, 24 h, 37 C 40 C,,,,, 2526 h : 23 C,,, 30%
11 305,, 128, 14, 12 h, 26 C 27 C, 24 h 33 C34 C, 48 h 38 C40 C, 32 C34 C 5 11.3.2, ( ) ( ),, 1. ( ) ( ) 2. ( ) 11.3.3,,, 27.2 % 28.8%, 33.8% 35%, 23.8% 24.4%, 6.l% 6.4%, 1.0% 1.5%, 2.7% 2.8% 8.6%, 89.3 %,0.3 %, l.6 %,0.8 %,0.7 % 3 8,,,, (),,, -,, - 31 %, 60% : ( ) : p H 6.5, - ; 100 C, 0.010.05 mg/ L, 1060 h, 30 min,, 11.3.4,
306, ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( ), : ( ) : a. : 100 kg, 23 h,, b. : 60 / 25.4 mm,, 0.5 kg CaCl2, ph, - c. :,,,, DE 1012, ph,,,, 100 C, d. : 60 C, ( ),, 24 h, DE,,, e. :, f. : 60 C, 1%,,, 1520 min g. : 732, 709 h. : 7.08.5 M Pa 130 C135 C p H, H2 i. :, ( V/ V)71%,, ph 5.56.0, 75 % 11.3.5,,,,, 610,,, 1415,,
11 307 11.3.6 (200 ),,,,, 11.3.7 ( ),,, : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) :,, 0.2% ( ),, 35% 37 %, ( 0.8 cm, 0.3 cm),,, (40% ) 35 min,,, 95 C, 40 min 13 %, 11% 11.5%, 11.3.8 ( ), : :, 200,, ( ),,, 1.?
308 2. 3. 4. 5.? 6.
12 12.1,,,,,,,,,,,,, 71%,, 12.1.1,, 1.,, : GB82311987,, 1/ 2 70% ;, 1/ 2 70%,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. (1 ), 12-1
310,,,, : 12 %, 80%, 8 %, ( )65% 75% 12-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 :,, ; 0.67%, 0.61%, 0.58%, 0.1%,,,,,, (2 ),,, : 3.7 5.8 mm, 2.5 4.0 mm, 1.82.8 mm,,, 1828 g, 27 g ; 2426 g ;23 g, 12-1 12-1 ( g/ L) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 1 760 740 2 740 720 3.0 1.0 14.5 13.5 3 720 700 : ;,
12 311, :14% 15 % ; : 15% 17%, ;, (3 )( 12-2) 12-2 ( % ) 10.27 10.08 4.88 2.06 70.92 1.79 13.15 9.88 4.02 1.74 69.29 1.92 13.07 9.78 4.20 1.67 69.25 2.03 14.30 9.75 3.45 1.34 69.21 1.85 11.76 10.43 4.37 1.53 69.99 1.92 11.09 9.62 3.03 1.58 72.99 1.69 13.10 10.50 3.65 6.28 66.39 0.11 12.1.2, ;, : 1. (1 ),,,,,, : 7.29.2 m/ s, 5.86.7 m/ s, 3.34.3 m/ s (2 ) 12-2
312 12-2,,,,,,,, ( 9 / 25.4 mm),,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,, 60%,,,,,,,
12 313,, 3., (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 1.5 mm 1618 / 25.4 mm 56 m/ s (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,,,, (4 ), 4.,,, 1220 / 25.4 mm KXF 5. (1 ) 12-3, : 34 / 25.4 mm, 810 / 25.4 mm,,, ()
314,, (8 9 / 25.4 mm ),, 12-3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ) 12-4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
12 315 12-4 12.1.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 8 %,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 12.2,,,,,,
316,,,,, 12.2.1, 1. GB82321987, : ( ),,, 95 % ( ) ( ),,, 90 % :, 3 g ;, 3 g 2. (1 ) 12-5,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,, 12-5 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 15% 20%, 30%, 3% 4% ; 78% 82% (2 ) :, 14 % 15 %,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,
12 317 12-3 12-3 (g/ L) ( % ) 1 2 ( % ) ( % ) 3 680 670 660 650 1.5 2.0 0.5 13.5 640 630 :, 1.52.5 mm, 1.42.0 mm, 0.9 1.5 mm,,,,, ;,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ), 12-4, B 12-4 ( % ) 9.40 11.56 3.29 62.99 10.00 2.88 10.50 9.70 1.1 76.66 0.1 1.4 10.27 6.68 2.33 19.5 52.50 8.72 8.83 18.06 18.48 35.02 11.09 8.44
318 12.2.2 1. (1 ),,,,,, 810 / 25.4 mm, ; 16 18 / 25.4 mm, ; 1112 / 25.4 mm,,, 1012 mm 7 8 m/ s, 23 m/ s,,, 34 m/ s (2 ) 12-6,,,, 2. (1 ),,,, 12-6,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5, (2 ),,
12 319,, (3 ),,,,,,,, 3. (1 ),,, :,, 30-5A NS,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,, :,, ( 24 / 25.4 mm),, 4. 12-7,,,,, (12 / 25.4 mm ),,, NS,, ( 24 / 25.4 mm), 2628 / 25.4 mm
320 12-7 12.2.3,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1112 / 25.4 mm,,,,,,,,,, 12 / 25.4 mm,, 1. 2. 3.
13 13.1 13.1.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13.1.2, : (1 ), ;, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,, (4 ),,,,,, 13.1.3,,,,
322,, :,,,,,,,, : 1.,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, 3.,, :,,, 13.2, : 13.2.1,,
13 323 13.2.2,, 13.2.3 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,, 13.2.4 1.,, 3,, 2.,,, 13.2.5,,,,,
324,,, 13.3 13.3.1 1.,,,,,,,,,, : ; ;,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, 2.,, (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,
13 325,,,,,,,,,, 13.3.2,,,,,,, 1.,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 10 mg,,,,,,, 8590 db,,,,,,,
326,,,,,,, 13.3.3,,,,,,,,, 13.4 13.4.1,,,,,, 13.4.2, ;,,,,,,,, 1.,,, /, 1 min,,,
13 327 2.,, : :,, : : : : 3., :,,, 13.4.3,,, : 1. (1 ),,,,, (2 ), :,,, (3 ),, :,,, (4 ) : :,,
328 2.,,,,, 1 min;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3., : (1 ),, (2 ),,, (3 ),,, ( ), 13.5 13.5.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,
13 329,, 13.5.2,,,, TQC,, : 1.,,,,,,, 2.,, 3.,,,, 4., 5. : ;, 13.5.3,, : 1.,, 2.
330, ( ), 3.,,,,,,,,,, 13.5.4 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 5,,
13 331,,,,, 3.,,,,,, 13.5.5 (1 ),,,,,,,,, (2 ) PDCA,, P ( ), :, ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; D( ) : ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; ;, ;
332 1 C( ) :, A( ) : ; ; ; ; ; ; (3 ),,,, (4 ),,,,,,, (5 ) PDCA,, PDCA, PDCA, A,, 13.5.6 1. :,, : : : : :,,,,,,,,,,, 2., : :,
13 333,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13.5.7 1. : (1 ),,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,
334,,,,, :, :,,,,, :, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;, 2. (1 ) 13-1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 13-1 (2 ), 3.,, :, 4.,
13 335, 1,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,,,,, 7. 1.,,,,,,,,,,, 24,, 2 h,
336,,,,,, 2.,,, 13-1 13-2 13-1 ( % / 100 kg) 1/ 3 1/ 3 : : 13-2 ( %,/ kg ) %,, 710 13.5.8,,,, :
13 337 = ( t) ( t) + ( t) 100%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13.6 13.6.1,,,,,,,,,,, 13.6.2 : (1 ),, ;, (2 ), (3 ),, (4 ), (5 ),,, 13.6.3,,,, : (1 ),,, (2 ),
338, (3 ),,,,, (4 ),,,, 13.6.4,,,,,,,, :,, :,,, :, :,, ; ; ; 13.6.5 1.,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,
13 339,,,,,, 715, 1,,, 7,, 1, 10 1, : (1 ),,,, (2 ),,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13.6.6 1.,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,
340, : (1 ), :,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,, (3 ),, 13.7,,,,,, 13.7.1,, ( ), : ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 13-3 13-4,
13 341 13-3 ( ) % t kg/ h % 13-4 ( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % t kg/ h % 13.7.2 (1 ),,, (2 ) (3 ) (4 ),, 13.7.3,,,,,,
342,,, : (1 ),, (2 ), (3 ), (4 ),,, (5 ),,,,,,, 13.7.4, : 1. 2. 3. 4., 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
13 343 13.7.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13-5 13-5 t t % + () / kg / kg / kg % % % kg kg kg kg kg kg / t g/ 100 kg h,,,,,,,,,
344 13.7.6,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 13.7.7 1., ( % ) = 2. ( kg ) ( kg) + ( kg) 100 % 3. = 100%, / t 4. = () ( t) / = () ()
13 345 5. (1 ) / = (2 ) ( kg) ( h) / (3 ) = ( kg) ( h) / 6. = ( kg) ( h), / : 7. = ( t) () 8. = ( t/ ) ( h ) ( h ) + ( h ) 100% = 9. ( h ) ( h) + ( h) 100 %,, = 10. - - - - 100 % = () () + () 100%
346 13.8 13.8.1 1., ( / ),,, 40% 50%,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, : :,, :,,,, 3.,,,, 7, 4.,,, : ; ; ;
13 347 13.8.2 1.,,,,,, : A (/ ) ; P ( k W) ; A = PK Q K, 0.75; Q (t/ h) (/ ) : 100 t, 120 k W,, 4.2 t, ( K 0.75) A = PK Q = 1200.75 4.2 = 21.43 (/ ),,,,,, 2.,,,?, : P ( k W) ; Q (t/ h) ; P= Kc Q Kc, 2026, 2635,,, 13-6 13-6 ( % ) 2022 1718 5055 810 1517 1416 6065 68 : 3. (1 ),,
348,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20%, : a., b.,,, c.,,,,, (2 ),, (3 ),,,,,,, 0.780.88 0.45,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 0.45, 13.8.3 1. 1 h,, ;, ;,, ( )
13 349,,,, 2., 6% 10%,,,,, 3.,, 50%,,,,,, 10% 20%,, 13.8.4 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10%,, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,, 13.8.5,
350, 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 4.,,,, 5.,, 0.3, 0.8,,, 6% 25% 6., 7.,,,, 8.,,,,,,, 46,,
13 351 9.,,,,,,,, 1.? 2.? 3.? 4.? 5.? 6.,? 7.?? 8.? 9.? 10.? 11.? 12.? 13.? 14.? 15.? 16.? 17.? 18.? 19.? 20.? 21.,? 22.? 23.? 24.,? 25.? 26.,,,?
( GB13501999 ) ( 2000-04-01) GB/ T 54901985 GB/ T 54911985 GB/ T 54921985 GB/ T 54931985 GB/ T 54941985 GB/ T 54951985 GB/ T 54961985 GB/ T 54971985 1.,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,,,, ( ), 5.,,,, ( ), 6. () 7.,,
( GB13501999) 353 4/ 5 (4/ 5 ) 8. 9. : (1 ):, (2 ): (3 ): (4 ):, (5 ):, 10. 11., : (1 ): 2.0 mm (2 ) : (3 ) : 12., 13. (1 ), 1 1, %, %, %, %, 1 79.0 50.0 2 77.0 5.0 3 75.0 50.0 1.0 13.5 4 73.0 5.0 5 71.0 50.0 : 1, (2 ), 2
354 2 % % % % 1 81.0 60.0 2 79.0 60.0 3 77.0 60.0 1.0 14.5 4 75.0 60.0 5 73.0 60.0 : 2, (3 ), (4 )5.0% (5 )1.0% (6 ) 2.0% (7 ) (1 ) GB/ T 5490 (2 )GB/ T 5491 (3 )GB/ T 5492 (4 )GB/ T 5493 (5 )GB/ T 5494 (6 ) GB/ T 5494 (7 ) GB/ T 5496 (8 )GB/ T 5497 (9 )GB/ T 54941985 1.5,,, (10)
( GB/ T 178911999) 355 ( GB/ T 178911999 ) ( 2000-04-01 ) GB 13501999 GB13541986 GB/ T 55111985 GB/ T 156821995 GB/ T 156831995 1. GB 13501999 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 2., 3., 4. 5., 6. 7. () 8. 9.
356 10. : 1. 3 3 ( % ( ) ) % % % mm % % % % % % 1 79 56 10 1 17.022 9 70 2.8 2 1 0.5 1 13.5 2 77 54 20 3 16.023 8 60 2.8 3 2 0.5 1 13.5 3 75 52 30 5 15.024.0 7 50 2.8 5 3 0.5 1 13.5 1 81 66 10 1 15.018 9 80 2 1 0.5 1 14.5 2 79 64 20 3 15.019 8 70 3 2 0.5 1 14.5 3 77 62 30 5 15.020 7 60 5 3 0.5 1 14.5 77 54 2.0 7 100 5 3 0.5 1 13.5 80 60 2.0 7 100 5 3 0.5 1 14.5 2., 3 ; GB1350 :, ;,
( GB/ T 178911999) 357 3.2.0% 4. 6.6 6.7 (1 ), GB 13501999 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 (2 ) 100,, ( 1),, ( % ) = 100 ( 1) (3 ) 6.4, 10 ( 10 ),,,,, ( 2) : ( % ) = ( 2) (4 ), 100,,,, (5 ) GB/ T 15683, GB/ T 156831995 8.1 10 g ( ), 80,, 2 h, 2 h( 5 / 6 / s), 2 h, (6 )A (7 ) B (8 )C A A1 A1. 1 ; A1. 2 0.15mm ; A1. 3 ; ()
358 A1. 4 ( 0.001g ) ; A1. 5 ( 13mm100 mm ); A1. 6 ; A1. 7 ; A1. 8 1.5cm ; A1. 9 A2 A2. 1 0.025% : 125mg 500ml 95% A2. 2 0.2molL - 1 A3 A3. 1 () 2, 5g, 0.15mm, A3. 2 GB1350 A3. 3 0.15mm, 100mg (12%, 12%,, ), 0.2ml 0.025%,,, 2.0mL0.2mol/ L,,,,, 8min,,,, 5min, 020min A3. 4,,, (252)1h A3. 5 ( mm), 7 mm,, B B1 B1. 1 ; B1. 2 (60mL ) ; B1. 3 ; B1. 4 B2 ()
( GB/ T 178911999) 359 GB1354-1986 B3 GB/ T15682-1995 6.2 B4 GB/ T15682-1995 7.3 B5 B5. 1,,,, 1h,,, B5. 2, 100, B1 B1 15 15 60 10 100, B5. 3, C1 C1. 1 () ; C1. 2 ; C1. 3 C2 C () C2. 1 ()10,,,,, 0.5mm, C2. 2 10,, ( ),, 0.3mm, C3 ( C1 ): = ( C1)
360 ( GB/ T 188102002 ) ( 2002-08-12, 2003-02-01 ),,, GB/ T 13501999 GB/ T 54901985 GB/ T 54911985 GB/ T 54921985 GB/ T 54931985 GB/ T 54941985 GB/ T 54961985 GB/ T 54971985 GB/ T 54981985 GB/ T 55021985 GB/ T 77181994 1. h usked fire 2. eaely long-grain ninglutinou s hus ked rice 3. late long-grain ninglutinous hus ked rice 4.medium to short-grain ninglutinou s husked rice 5. long-grain glutinous husked rice
( GB/ T 18810-2002 ) 361 6. round-grain ninglutinous hu sked rice 7. iest weight, / ( g / L) 8.whole well-milled rice kernel, 4/ 5 (4/ 5 ) 9. whole well-milled rice ratio of hus ked rice 10. unsound kernel (1 ):, (2 ): (3 ): (4 ): (5 ):, 11. extraneous matter (1 ) 1.5 mm (2 ) (3 ) 12.yellow-colured rice, : (1 ), 4 5 (2 ),
362 4 ( g/ L) (g ) ( % ) ( g) : ( % ) (/ kg) ( % ) ( % ) 1 780 70.0 2 760 67.0 3 740 64.0 0.5 1.0 14.0 40 1.0 5.0 4 720 61.0 70 5 700 58.0 5 ( g/ L) ( g) ( g) ( % ) : ( % ) (/ kg) ( % ) ( % ) 1 820 80.0 0.5 7.0 1.0 15.0 40 1.0 5.0 2 800 77.0 3 780 74.0 (1 ): GB/ T 5490 (2 ) : GB/ T 5491 (3 ) : GB/ T 5492 (4 ) : GB/ T 5493 (5 ) : GB/ T 5494 (6 ): GB/ T 5496 (7 ) : GB/ T 5497 (8 ) : A (9 ) : B (1) : GB/ T 7718, (2 ) : (3 ) :,
( GB13541986) 363 ( GB13541986 ) (1986-05-06, 1987-04-01 ) 1. 1.1 : 1.1.1 : : 1.1.1.1 :, 1.1.1.2 :, 1.1.2 : : 1.1.2.1 :, 1.1.2.2 :, 1.1.3 : : 1.1.3.1 :,, ; ( ), 1.1.3.2 :,, ; ( ), 1.2 5.0% 1.3, 2. 2.1 6789 2.1.1 ( 6 ) 6 % : : ( % ) ( % ) ( / kg) ( / kg) (% ) ( % ) ( % ) 3 0.25 0.15 0.02 20 8 4 0.3 0.2 0.02 50 12 35 2.5 14 6 0.4 0.2 0.02 70 16 8 0.45 0.2 0.02 90 20
364 2.1.2 ( 7) 7 % % : : ( % ) ( % ) ( / kg) ( % ) ( % ) (/ kg) 3 0.25 0.15 0.02 20 8 4 0.3 0.2 0.02 50 12 6 0.4 0.2 0.02 70 16 30 2 14 14.5 8 0.45 0.2 0.02 90 20 :,, 2.1.3 ( 8 ) 8 % % : : ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( / kg) % (/ kg) 3 0.25 0.15 0.02 20 8 4 0.3 0.2 0.02 50 12 6 0.4 0.2 0.02 70 16 30 2 14 14.5 8 0.45 0.2 0.02 90 20
( GB13541986) 365 2.1.4 ( 9) 9 ( % ) ( % ) : : ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) (/ kg) ( / kg) ( % ) 3 0.2 0.15 0.02 10 4 4 0.25 0.2 0.02 20 6 6 0.3 0.2 0.02 30 8 8 0.35 0.2 0.02 40 0 15 1.5 15.5 14.5 : 2.2,, :,, 85% ;,, 1/ 5 80% ;,, 1/ 3 75% ;,, 1/ 2 70% 2.3, 2.4 2.0% 2.5, 3. 3.1 3.2, 3.2.1, 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4
366 3.3, : 3.3.1 1.0 mm 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.4, 3.5 3.5.1 2.0 mm, 2/ 3 3.5.2 2.0 mm 3.6 4., GB5490553985 5.,,
367 10 ( g/ L) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 810 70 15.0 15 7 0.1 0.3 0.2 ( % ) 790 60 15.0 20 10 0.3 0.5 0.4 770 45 15.0 30 20 0.7 1.0 0.6 770 15.0 100 5.0 5.0 1.0 11 ( % ) / % ( % ) ( % ) 15.0 10 1 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 15.0 20 2 0.2 10 0.0 0.1 15.0 25 4 0.2 15 0.0 0.2
368 12 ( % ) ( % ) (% ) 500 g ( % ) 5 ( % ) 6 ( % ) 6 ( % ) ( % ) 2 1 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 0.04 0.1 0.1 1.0, 4 2 1.5 2.0 4.0 7.0 0.06 0.2 0.2 2.0, 7 5 2.5 4.0 6.0 15.0 0.1 0.8 0.5 3.0, 20 15 4.0 6.0 8.0 25.0 0.4 2.0 0.7 5.0, 30 25 6.0 10.0 10.0 35.0 0.7 3.0 1.0 10.0, 75 75 15.0 15.0 15.0 50.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 10.0, : : 15% ;; ; 0.1% ; ;; : 5 3.6 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.98 mm, 3.97 mm, ; 2.3 mm, 6 %
369 13 (6.2 mm 6.67.6 6.2 mm ) mm 6.6 mm ( % ) ( % ) (% ) ( % ) (10 ) (mm) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 100% + 70 + 0-5 - - 8.0 + 5.0 5.2 + 60 36-4 - 100% + 40 30 + 0-5 - 8.0 + 5.0 5.2 + 60 35.5-4.5-100% + 30 40 5-5 - 8.0 + 5.0 5.2 + 60 35 5-5% + 20 30 25-10 - 7.5 + 3.5 4.6 + 60 33-7(37) - 10% + 10 25 35-15 - 7.0 + 3.5 4.3 + 5.5 33-12(812) - 15% + 5 0 20 550-6.5 + 3.0 4.0 + 55 28-17(1317) - 20% 0 0 10 565-6.0 + 3.0 3.8 + 50 27 22(1823) - 1 25% 0 17 575-5.0 + 3.0 3.2 + 40 32 27(2328) - 1 25% 0 17 575-5.0 + 3.0 3.2 + 40 32 26(2328) - 2 35% 0 17 575 45% 0 17 575-5.0 + 3.0-5.0 + 3.0 3.2 + 32 28 38(3340) - 2 3.2 + 28 22 47(4250) - 3
370 13 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) ( ) 100% - - 3 - - - - - - - 1.5 5 14 100% - - 6 - - - - - - - 1.5 10 14 100% - - 6 - - - - - - - 1.5 15 14 5 % 2-6 0.25 0.5 - - 0.5 0.1-1.5 15 14 10 % 2-7 0.5 1 - - 0.75 0.2-1.5 20 14 15 % 4 1 7 1 1 - - 0.75 0.2-2.5 25 14 20 % 5 2 7 2 1 0.5 0.5 0.75 0.25-2.5 25 14 25 % 4 1 7 1 1 - - 0.75 0.2-2.5 30 14 25 % 6 4 8 2 1 1 1 0.75 0.5 0.5 2.5 30 14 35 % 7 4 10 2 1 1 1 0.75 1 0.5 2.5 30 14 45 % 8 4 10 2 1 1 1 0.75 1 0.5 2.5 30 14 : +,-, :, 8/ 10 :, ( ), :, ( ), :,, :,, ( ),,
371 14 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) ( um) ( um) ( mm) Z5 5 5 8.6 633 267 1.4 Z6 6 6 7.1 554 222 1.2 Z7 7 7 6.25 504 196 0.9 Z8 8 8 5.35 451 169 0.9 Z9 9 9 4.86 421 153 0.7 Z10 10 10 4.3 386 136 0.7 Z11 11 11 3.85 357 122 0.7 Z12 12 12 3.47 332 110 0.7 Z13 13 13 3.15 301 101 0.7 Z14 14 14 2.97 297 95 0.6 Z15 15 15 2.73 277 88 0.6 Z16 16 16 2.53 265 82 0.6 Z17 17 17 2.34 252 76 0.6 Z18 18 18 2.23 243 72 0.55 Z19 19 19 2.08 232 67 0.55 Z20 20 20 1.95 220 63 0.55 Z21 21 21 1.83 212 59 0.55 Z22 22 22 1.72 204 56 0.55 Z24 24 24 1.63 196 54 0.45 Z28 28 28 1.44 181 47 0.35 Z32 32 32 1.21 160 40 0.35 Z36 36 36 1.09 150 36 0.3 Z40 40 40 0.95 135 32 0.3 Z44 44 44 0.86 127 29 0.28 Z48 48 48 0.76 117 26 0.28 Z52 52 52 0.71 113 24 0.25 Z56 56 56 0.67 108 23 0.22 Z60 60 60 0.61 102 21 0.22 Z64 64 64 0.58 98 20.5 0.2 Z68 68 68 0.54 94 19 0.2 Z72 72 72 0.49 87 18 0.2 Z80 80 80 0.43 81 16 0.2 Z88 88 88 0.37 74 14 0.2 Z100 100 100 0.3 65 12 0.2
372 15 25.4mm ( mm) 25.4mm ( mm) 3 0.914 14 0.315 4 0.711 16 0.315 4.5 0.600 18 0.274 5 0.600 20 0.274 5.5 0.600 22 0.234 6 0.600 24 0.234 7 0.600 26 0.193 8 0.559 28 0.193 9 0.457 30 0.193 10 0.457 32 0.193 12 0.378 : 914 mm, 30m 16 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) / (m) (m) ( mm) Z98 9 8 4.95.6 423465 155176 0.7 Z109 10 9 4.34.9 386423 136155 0.7 Z119 11 9 3.84.9 353423 121155 0.7 Z1110 11 10 3.84.3 358386 121136 0.7 Z1210 12 10 3.54.3 335386 111136 0.7 Z1211 12 11 3.53.8 335353 111121 0.7 Z1312 13 12 3.13.5 306335 99111 0.7 Z1410 14 10 2.94.3 294386 93136 0.7 Z1413 14 13 2.93.1 294306 9399 0.7 17 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) / (m) (m) ( mm) Y10 10 10 4.45 394 141 0.55 Y11 11 11 4.0 366 127 0.55 Y12 12 12 3.62 342 116 0.55 Y13 13 13 3.3 320 106 0.55 Y14 14 14 3.02 301 97 0.55 Y15 15 15 2.78 284 90 0.55 Y16 16 16 2.58 269 83 0.55
373 17 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) / (m) (m) ( mm) Y17 17 17 2.39 256 77 0.55 Y18 18 18 2.33 251 75 0.45 Y19 19 19 2.18 240 70 0.45 Y20 20 20 2.05 230 67 0.45 18 25.4mm ( mm) 25.4mm ( mm) 28 0.35 40 0.25 30 0.31 42 0.24 32 0.29 44 0.23 34 0.28 46 0.22 35 0.27 48 0.21 36 0.27 50 0.29 38 0.26 19 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) / (m) (m) ( mm) Y98 9 8 55.7 426475 160179 0.55 Y109 10 9 4.55 399426 142160 0.55 Y119 11 9 45 366426 127142 0.55 Y1110 11 10 44.5 366399 127142 0.55 Y1210 12 10 3.64.5 423399 113142 0.55 Y1211 12 11 3.64 423366 113127 0.55 Y1312 13 12 3.33.6 321423 106113 0.55 Y1410 14 10 34.5 301399 97142 0.55 Y1413 14 13 33.3 301321 97106 0.55 20 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) / (m) (m) ( mm) R36 36 36 0.99 139 34 0.4 R40 40 40 0.85 126 29 0.4 R44 44 44 0.74 115 26 0.4
374 20 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) / (m) (m) ( mm) R48 48 48 0.69 110 24 0.35 R52 52 52 0.61 102 21 0.35 R56 56 56 0.59 100 21 0.3 R60 60 60 0.53 93 19 0.3 R68 68 68 0.46 85 17 0.28 R72 72 72 0.41 79 15 0.28 R76 76 76 0.41 79 15 0.25 R80 80 80 0.38 79 15 0.25 R84 84 84 0.38 75 14 0.22 R88 88 88 0.35 71 13 0.22 R92 92 92 0.32 67 12 0.22 R96 96 96 0.32 67 12 0.2 R100 100 100 0.3 65 12 0.2 R112 112 112 0.27 61 10 0.18 21 ( / 50mm) (/ 50mm) ( mm) / (m) (m) ( mm) T32 32 32 1.24 163 41 0.32 T36 36 36 1.07 147 36 0.32 T40 40 40 0.97 139 33 0.28 T44 44 44 0.86 127 29 0.28 T48 48 48 0.79 120 27 0.25 T52 52 52 0.72 113 25 0.24 T56 56 56 0.65 106 23 0.24 T60 60 60 0.59 100 21 0.24 T64 64 64 0.56 96 20 0.22 T72 72 72 0.47 125 17 0.22 T80 80 80 0.45 83 16 0.18 T 100 100 100 0.35 71 13 0.15 T 120 120 120 0.30 65 12 0.12 T 160 160 160 0.21 32 9 0.10
375 1.. :,2002 2.. :,1998 3.., 2002 ( 3 ) : 17-18 4.2001., (3 ) : 1-5 5.,, 2002 (11) :11-12 6.,, 2002 (10) :12-13 7.. :,1999 8.. :,2000 9.. :,2001 10.. :, 2005 11.. :, 2001 12..,2003( 10 ) : 44-46 13.,,1998( 1) 14.,,1994( 8) :13-14 15.,,1996( 6) :7-8