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1. Crofton, S.Laband, D.Long, J. 2000. Regulation, Market Power, and Labor EarningsEvidence from the Cable Television Industry. Journal of Labor Research. 214669-675. 2. Lee, E. S. 1966. A Theory of Migration. Demography347-57. 3. Lin, J. P. and Liaw, K.L. 2000. Labor Migrations in Taiwan: Characterization and Interpretation Based on the Data of the1990 Census. Environment and Planning A, 32(9): 1689-1709. 18

4. Lin, J. P. and Liaw,.K.L. 1999. Return and Onward Migrations and Their Determinants of the Young Labor Force in Taiwan: Evidence from the Data of the1990 Census. Taipei: Journal of Population Studies. 20: 63-92. 5. Nunnally, J. D. 1967. Psychometric theory. NYMcGraw-Will. 6. 1999 7. 1999 8. 2001 9. 1999 10. 2002-11. 2001 329-383 12. 199821 13. 1997 1-11 14. 1997 121-124 15. 1996 16. Argyle, M.1997 17. 2001 365-397 18. 1994 7735-87 19. 2001 26 105-162 20. 2000 21. 2001 159-183 19

22. 2000 23. 1999 24. 2001 25. 199923 26. 1999 27. Turner, B. S.1991 28. 1988 ( ) 1-44 29. 2000 24 281-326 30. 1998 31. 1998 85 32. 1995 20

1. 400 11.3 66.5 22.2 227 7.9 78.9 13.2 173 15.6 50.3 34.1 2. 395 11.1 66.5 22.4 15-19 13 15.4 61.5 23.1 20-29 94 13.8 56.4 23.8 30-39 133 9.8 69.9 23.3 40-49 102 10.8 71.6 17.6 50-59 37 13.5 59.5 27.0 60 16 0.0 87.5 12.5 3. 399 11.3 66.4 22.3 200 8.5 77.5 14.0 154 15.6 62.3 22.1 45 8.9 31.1 60.0 4. 399 11.3 66.5 22.2 112 11.6 65.2 23.2 / 255 11.8 69.0 19.2 / / 32 6.3 53.1 40.6 5. 400 11.3 66.5 22.3 23 43.5 8.7 47.8 7 0.0 28.6 71.4 17 17.6 5.9 76.5 28 21.4 25.0 53.6 322 8.0 78.6 13.4 3 0.0 66.7 33.3 6. () 337 11.3 65.3 23.4 10000 91 11.0 83.5 5.5 10001-20000 122 6.6 82.8 10.7 20001-30000 72 20.8 34.7 44.4 30001-40000 30 6.7 36.7 56.7 40001 22 23.1 30.8 46.2 7. () 333 11.7 65.5 22.8 152 4.6 92.6 2.8 85 17.6 30.6 51.8 a 78 20.5 55.1 24.4 18 5.6 44.4 50.0 8. () 318 10.4 66.7 23.0 167 4.2 92.2 3.6 82 12.2 42.7 45.1 41 19.5 43.9 36.6 28 28.6 17.9 53.5 9. () 303 11.9 63.4 24.8 126 4.8 90.5 4.7 94 19.1 39.4 41.5 48 12.5 41.7 45.8 35 17.1 60.0 22.9 21

() () 1 305 6.2 84.6 9.2 1 21 76.2 14.3 9.5 33 0.0 3.0 97.0 7 14.3 0.0 85.7 1 0.0 100.0 0.0 16 31.3 0.0 68.8 7 0.0 14.3 85.7 1 100.0 0.0 0.0 1 (1) () 1. () 40 20.0 65.0 15.0 11 27.3 72.7 0.0 29 17.2 62.1 20.7 2. () 40 20.0 65.0 15.0 15-29 14 21.4 57.1 21.4 30-39 11 18.2 63.6 18.2 40-49 13 15.4 76.9 7.7 50 2 50.0 50.0 0.0 3. () a 40 20.0 65.0 15.0 9 33.3 55.6 11.1 / 27 18.5 70.4 11.1 / 4 0.0 50.0 50.0 4. () b 40 20.0 65.0 15.0 8 0.0 100.0 0.0 14 0.0 71.4 28.6 18 44.4 44.4 11.2 5. () 32 21.9 59.4 18.7 10 0.0 70.0 30.0 22 31.8 54.5 13.6 6. () 40 20.0 65.0 15.0 2 50.0 50.0 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 100.0 4 25.0 50.0 25.0 31 19.4 74.2 6.5 (1) a b 22

(1) (1) () F 1. 91 1.98 0.71 (1) 6 1.67 0.52 (2) 27 1.78 0.79 (3) 58 2.10 0.71 2. 91 32.84 9.91 (1) 6 28.17 8.21 (2) 29 33.38 10.22 (3) 56 33.05 9.94 3. 68 - - (1) 4 - - (2) 19 - - (3) 45 - - **p0.05 (1) Ordinal a 2.610** Scheffe (3)(1) (2)(1) 0.718 n.s. 2.536** (3)(2)(1) F 1. 185 2.56 0.95 (1) 64 2.70 0.92 (2) 83 2.46 0.98 (3) 38 2.55 0.95 2. 183 35.86 9.27 (1) 64 37.02 9.41 (2) 82 35.87 9.34 (3) 37 33.04 8.74 3. 144 - - (1) 54 - - (2) 64 - - (3) 26 - - ***p0.01 Scheffe 1.199 n.s. 1.384 n.s. 6.768*** (1)(2) (3)(2) 23

() (1) F 1. 265 2.26 0.64 (1) 174 2.18 0.56 (2) 26 2.19 0.63 (3) 65 2.49 0.77 2. Scheffe 5.929*** (3)(1) 265 2.35 0.60 (1) 174 2.36 0.57 0.116 n.s. (2) 26 2.38 0.70 (3) 65 2.32 0.66 3. 265 2.34 0.75 (2)(3) (1) 174 2.40 0.70 5.078*** (2) 26 2.54 0.99 (1)(3) (3) 65 2.09 0.74 4. 265 2.55 0.67 (1) 174 2.68 0.59 (2) 26 2.46 0.81 (3) 65 2.22 0.72 5. 265 2.00 0.68 (1) 174 2.17 0.60 (2) 26 1.77 0.71 (3) 65 1.66 0.73 6. 265 2.29 0.61 (1) 174 2.22 0.57 (2) 26 2.35 0.75 (3) 65 2.43 0.74 *** p0.01 * p0.1 a 12.731*** (1)(3) 16.367*** (1)(2) (1)(3) 2.893* (3)(1) (1) 1-4,, 2.50 24

() (1) 1. 194 2.35 0.68 (1) 134 2.47 0.61 (2) 19 1.95 0.62 (3) 41 2.15 0.79 2. 194 2.08 0.63 (1) 134 2.16 0.60 (2) 19 1.79 0.71 (3) 41 1.95 0.63 3. 194 2.91 0.65 (1) 134 2.93 0.53 (2) 19 2.42 0.77 (3) 41 3.10 0.83 4. 194 2.70 0.68 (1) 134 2.74 0.62 (2) 19 2.79 0.79 (3) 41 2.51 0.78 5. 194 2.89 0.70 (1) 134 2.95 0.63 (2) 19 2.53 0.77 (3) 41 2.88 0.84 6. 194 2.33 0.73 (1) 134 2.34 0.60 (2) 19 2.00 0.88 (3) 41 2.46 0.98 7. 194 2.79 0.66 (1) 134 2.84 0.62 (2) 19 2.68 0.75 (3) 41 2.68 0.72 8. 194 2.66 0.61 (1) 134 2.65 0.55 (2) 19 2.74 0.73 (3) 41 2.68 0.72 9. 194 2.39 0.69 (1) 134 2.35 0.65 (2) 19 2.21 0.71 (3) 41 2.61 0.77 ***p0.01 **p0.05 a (1) 1-4, 25 F Scheffe 7.873*** (1)(2) (1)(3) 4.202** (1)(2) 7.609*** (1)(2) (3)(2) 1.966 n.s. 3.086** (2)(1) 2.675 n.s. 1.225 n.s. 0.194 n.s. 2.988 n.s.

() F Scheffe 1. 399 - - (1) 265 - - 22.129*** (3)(1) (2) 45 - - (3) 89 - - 2. 395 37.16 11.31 (1)(3) (1) 263 38.08 11.61 2.267* (2) 44 34.91 9.97 (1)(2) (3) 88 35.53 11.31 *** p0.01 *p0.1 a / 1 Alpha 1. 0.51 n=197 2. 0.51 n=269 1,, 26

(n=302 1 ) (%) (n=301 1 ) a 1. 46.9 63.5 2. 36.7 69.1 38.3 77.0 b 58.6 54.8 24.0 54.1 : 1. ( a ) a,1994, n=367 1 b 2000 1 1 () () () () () () () () () 1. 4,196 87.3 12.7 360 90.8 9.2 400 77.8 22.2 2,113 90.1 9.9 212 94.8 5.2 227 86.8 13.2 2,083 84.6 15.4 148 85.1 14.9 179 65.9 34.1 2. 4,196 87.4 12.6 355 90.7 9.3 395 77.7 22.3 15-24 1,023 80.8 19.2 41 90.2 9.8 47 72.3 27.7 25-34 1,020 85.4 14.6 113 94.7 5.3 129 75.2 24.8 35-44 980 89.6 11.4 110 90.0 10.0 120 80.0 20.0 45-54 548 90.3 9.7 65 87.7 12.3 72 81.9 18.1 55 625 96.6 3.4 26 86.8 13.2 27 77.8 22.2 3.4,196 79.8 20.2 359 90.8 9.2 399 77.7 22.3 2,252 92.0 8.0 182 92.9 7.1 200 86.0 14.0 1,480 84.0 16.0 139 91.4 8.6 154 77.9 22.1 464 75.4 24.6 38 79.9 21.1 45 40.0 60.0 4. 4,196 87.3 12.7 360 90.8 9.2 400 77.8 22.2 1,375 84.5 15.5 101 92.1 7.9 112 76.8 23.2 / 2,339 87.7 12.3 230 92.6 7.4 255 80.8 19.2 / 482 93.8 6.2 29 72.4 27.6 33 59.4 40.6 1, a., b / 27