3 3

4 4 3 3 3

1 6 ( n) 85 U 0 9 85 1 90 1 U + n + Kr + 3 n 9 36 0

=1 sp sp 3 sp

14. H + 1 O = H O( ) + 68 NH + 3 O = 3 1 N + 3H O( ) +18 N + 3 H = NH 3

CO( ) + 1 O ( ) = CO ( ) + 67. 6

(1) () (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Cuo(s) Cu O(s) Cu(s) O (g) -1-155 -167 43.5 101 33.3 05

(ph) ph 5.96 8 5.68 1 9.74 1 3. 7

100c 100c 100c A B C ab ( a c)( b c) a + b + c 100c 100c D E a + b a + b c

1 H (g) + 1 1 Cl (g) = HCl(g) 9.3kJ mol HCl( g) =

VO + VO + VO + SO + VO + VO 3 H+ + 4 + H+ + + H+ 4 + MnO +

A C V B C V ( 106 / ) ( 106 / ) 100% 100% W W C C V C C V V 106 ( 1 ) 106 100% 100% W W

ο 8 6880A 1molO 469kJ mol -1

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 K p = P P 4 H 4 HO PH PH O H H O( )

3 8 3 A B C 3 D 8 3

A ClO BrO IO Cl 3 3 3 B BrO Cl ClO IO 3 3 3 C BrO ClO Cl IO 3 3 3 D Cl BrO ClO IO 3 3 3

7 10 10 7 11 7 7 11 A B C D d a d a e b b e

S Ru H O (1) 37.6 60.06.73 () 0.63 41.84 37.36

1 3 t 10 9 (1) t = 5.7 10 () t = 4.5 10 1 1 1

A W ( m x n ) B W ( m x + n ) m m C m x + n D m x n m W mw E ( υ N ) N A υ = υ B 3 υ = υ C υ = υ D υ = υ N NH3 N H N NH3 N NH3

3 A VO B CrO C WO 4 4 4 D MnO4 E MnO4 D XeF E ICl C OH CH OH

Br A CH COOH CH OH Br B OH CH CH COOH D COOH CH=CH

3 41. Cl OH I CO3 PO4 1 3 4 5

3+ CrO Cr Fe( ) 0.000mol dm 3 KMnO 4 1 4+ 5+ O + V V + O () 4 L υ υ υ υ ( ) υ / u υ / υ υ / υ 1 υ / υ 1 4 + 5 5 + 6 6 + 3 3 ± 3 ± 4 ± 5 ± 6 + 4

(1) NiCl 6H O + diars + HClO 4 A () (1) + HCl B

.( 1)E -E = 163. - 135. 0 HClO/Cl - Cl /Cl ( )E -E = 168. - 108. 0 MnO 4/MnO + MnO /Mn ( 3)E -E = 119. -0. 535 0 - lo /I I /I 3. E = 0. 15V E = 0. 77V 4 + + 3 + + SD /Sn Fe /Fe E = 0. 81V Fe Sn + O + H /H O + + 3+ E = 0. 469V E = 01364. V Fe Sn Fe Sn 4+ + + + + Fe /Fe Sn /Sn 4. E = 87. V E = 149. V E = 136. V E = 133. V E = 1087. V E = 077. V E = 0535. V E = 0. 34V + F /F MnO 4 /Mn 7 3 + 3+ + Cl /Cl Cr O /Cr Br /Br Fe /Fe + I /I Cu /Cu

6. 5 / 9 1 37. 5 / 1 5. 4

10. 00 x = 0.01000 = 0.05000mmol 0.0000 10.00 3x + y = 0.01000 50.00 0.05000 339.7 SbS 3 = 100 = 8.49 0.000 1000 Na S = 0.500 78.04 100 = 9.76 0000. 1000 Cu H SO ( ) + 1 O = CuSO + H O 4 4 0100. 5. 00 = 0. 005mol 1000 0159. 100 = 6.1 0. 56

( 10135. 3. 617) 5. 3 V = = 4. 44ml 101. 35 PV 101. 35 0. 0444 ( ) n = = = 0. 00100mol RT 8. 31 98 0. 0690 100% = 1. 00% 6. 90 0.1000 16.00 5 100. 0 = 40.00mmol 0. 00 1 0.00 58.44 = 1.1688 1000 11688. 100 = 44.9. 6388. 6388 11688. = 0. 01000 40 + 71+ 18x 147. = 0. 01000 111+ 18x C = 1.93mol H O(g) / H O(g) 115

+)1.93C + 1.93H O(g) = 1.93H + 1.93CO 3.93C + O + + = + + 193. H O( g) 3. 76N 1. 93H 3. 93CO 3. 76N 393. 393. ( 3) CO 100% = 100% = 408%. 193. + 393. + 376. 9. 6 193. H 100% = 01%. 9. 6 396. N 100% = 391%. 9. 6 0. 19 = 8. 10 4 mol. 66. 5 3. 56 10 4 3 8. 10 + [ H ][ HCO3 ] 7 = 4. 30 10 [ H CO ] 3 [ HCO3 ] 4. 30 10 = [ H CO ] 4. 0 10 3 7 8 = 10. 75 1

+ [ H ][ HS ] ( 1) K1 = [ H S] + [ H ] [ HS ] + [ H ] = 9. 1 10 [ H ] = 9. 5 10 0. 1 + 5 [ H ][ S ] 9. 5 10 [ S ] K = = 5 [ HS ] 9. 5 10 ( ) [ HS ] K1 = + = 1 [ H S] [ H ] + [ H ] = K 1 8 ph = lg K = lg 91. 10 7 K + [ H ][ S ] = = [ HS ] 1 moldm 8 + 5 3 91. 10 [ S ] 01. 8 1 11. 10 01. [ S ] = 8 = 1. 10 moldm 91. 10 + [ H ] [ S ] = K1 K [ H S] ( 01. ) [ S ] = K K 01. 1 6 3 ( ) [ + ] [ H S 4 ] = 9. 1 10 [ H S] 11. 10 = 1. 0 10 + 45 [ Cu ][ S ] = 8. 5 10 + [ H ] 1. 0 10 + = [ Cu ] 8. 5 10 1 45 8 1 0 = 1. 10 8 + [ H ][ HCO3 ] 6. 4 = 10 [ H CO ] 3

+ [ H ] K = + [ Ca ] Pco + [ H ] + [ Ca ] Pco K0K1K = K 18. 10 + + [ H ] = 8.8 [ Ca ] Pco 10 9. 9 + = 10 [ Ca ] Pco sp + + [ H ] [ Ca ] = 9. 9 10 Pco 7 ( 10 ) = 9. 9 354. 10 10 + 4 [H ] = K a1-3 = 4.5 10 5. 10 = 106. 10 K a moldm 6 3 10

5 ( K b ) ( 18. 10 ) K = = 11 = 7 K 1. 10 sp P = 1atm P = 0.01atm K XeF XeF4 P = P XeF p p Xe 4 XeF4 PXeF6 = 0. 94 P p XeF4 F 1 0. 1P F = 0. 94 1 P F = = 10. 6atm 01. 0. 94

50 K = 7.8 10 '' -4 p 400K = 3.3 10 '' -3 p '' K 50 400 p K [ Ag( NH ) ] + = 3 n + n [ Ag ][ NH3] + [ Ag( NH3) n ] n = Ksp K = K [ NH ] 3 n K[ NH ] 3 [ Br ] = + [ Ag( NH ) ] 3 n ( 1) ( 3) V Br [ Br ] = [ Br ] 0 V V + + Ag [Ag(NH 3) n] = [Ag ] + V 0 [NH ] = [NH ] V V NH 3 3 3 0 + NH Br Ag V n 3 0 n 0 0 Ag V = V K Br NH ( [ ] ) / [ ] [ ] 3 V V V 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 n V = V K ' Br NH lgv = nlgv + lgk' Br K' = K sp K NH 3 + ( [ NH ] ) / [ Br ] [ Ag ] V 3 0 n 0 0 Ag V V V +

10 = K = K K [ NH ] sp V + 0 0 sp + 0 0 3 0 [ Br ] [ Ag ] V V 3 0 K K [ NH ] = [ Br ] [ Ag ] V 10 + Ag [ Br ] [ Ag ] V + 0 0 K sp [ NH ] 3 0 + Ag + Ag 10 0. 010 0. 010 0 = 13 4. 1 10 4 7 = 1. 10 [Ag ]=. + 010 =. moldm 3. 3 4 3 10 3 3 3 4. 3 10 100% = 4. 3% 010. 0. 07 100 = 7 0. 10 0. 0688 100 = 68.8 0. 10

0. 75 60 = 1004.5 1000 1

314. m' 143 4 58 5 1 0. 0 = +.. 1000 3 131 10 x 4 5585 1 y 3 = + ( 1).. 7. 0 6 148 56 Ba

10. 8 4 V 1.180 30 = 63 108 3

PV W M RT M W / = = V RT P W / V d M = lim( ) RT = lim( ) P p RT P 0 P 0-1 -1

63.1 5. 30 31. 6 = 5.6 5.5 1.98 =.66.65 1.00 = 5.3 5.30.00 1.0 101. 16. 0. 5 0. 100 = 0.0450mol L 1 5.0 SO + I + H O === SO + I + 4H + 4 ( 5. 0 0. 045 9. 30 0100. / ) 1 1 = 0.0660mol L 1 10.0

0. 0660 500 = 3.30mol L 1 10.0 168 n n =(. 10. 0 66. 7 3 S Cl SO ) ( 330. 50 10 ) 135. 100 = 0. 089 0165. = 1 199. 1 S Cl + SO + H O === S O + Cl + 4H + 4 6 SCl + SO + HO === HS4O 6+ HCl 3 50.0 10 3 n n S4O6 = ( ) (3..0.050 10 ) IO3 30.6 + S4O 6 + 7IO 3+ 7Cl + 10H === 7ICl+ 8HSO 4+HO Cu(s) + 1 O (g) CuO(s) ()CuO(s) === Cu O(s) + 1 O (g) 1 1 1 S 3 = 05 + 101-435. = 116. 5J K mol

+ + 0.059 [Cu ] CuI [Cu ] log + 1 [Cu ] E Cu + + / Cu 6 F p Π B 6 BCl Π B BBr Π B 3 3 4 6 4 4

+ + PbO + 4H + C O === Pb + H O + CO 4 + + MnO +5C O +16H === Mn +10CO +8H O 4 4 191 39.. PbO 100 = 31.1 07340. 1000 4.14 3. PbO = 100 6.95 0.7340 1000

1 1 n i / mol x(1-0.30) 0.30x 0.30x 1 1 [ 0. 30x / V][ 030. x / V] K c = = 0. 0459 [ x( 1 0. 30) / V] [ n( H ) / V][ n( I ) / V] K c = [ n( HI) / V]

3 I + S O === S O + 3I 3 3 4 6 4 I + 8Cl + 9H O === 3IO + 16Cl + 18H + 3 3 + 5 S O + H === SO +S +H O 3 6 4 Cl +S O + 10OH === SO + 8Cl + 5H O 4 3 + 7 SO +Ba === BaSO 4 3 + + 1 VO + 4H === VO + H O ( 1) 4 + + VO +SO === VO +SO ( ) + + + + 5VO +MnO +H O === 5VO +Mn + H ( 3) 4 4 3 + + 3 n(vo ) = n(vo ) = n(vo ) =.173 10 (mol) 4 4

+ + VO MnO Mn - 4 + 4 VO C O + + + + 5VO + HO + MnO4 === 5VO + Mn + H 5 1 37.4 10 3 103 + 18.0x + 88.0y 19.4 7.8 10 6 + + 5C O +16H + MnO === Mn +10CO + 8H O 4 37.4 10 3 y 103+18.0x + 88.0y 4 19.4 (38.95-7.80) 10 6 4

FeS(s) + xhs(g) === FeS X (s) + xh (g) () 1+

K p = (. ) 014. (. ) 0 0563 0803 114. ( 0300. ) 1 1 (4) NO NO = 1 3 3 3 7 1 a = ( 1 ) 100 = 96.3 7 K K p p PN O x P n x p n x 4 0 = = n x p ( ) ( ) NO x( n0 x) = ( n x) p 0 0 0 V / V = (n - x) / n () 0 0 0 d 0 n0 x = d / d 0 = V 0 / V (3) d n0 ( 1) ( 4)

d d d 0 x = n 0 d 0 d n0 x ( 4) (5), = ( 6) d n 0 d d0 d 0 n K d d n = 0 0 ( d d 0) d 0 p = d 0 d ( d 0 d) p ( n 0) p d ( 10135. 3167. ) 0. 505 (1)n = PV = = 00000. ( mol) PT 8. 314 98. 0. 3399 6. 98 mal = 6 98 + 16 00 3 = 01799. ( ).. 0. 1799 nal = = 6. 668 10 3 ( mol) 6. 98 n = 3 3 = 3 Mg 0. 0000 6. 668 10 9. 998 10 ( mol) (5) AlN +3HO === NH 3 +Al(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 + NaOH === NaAlO + H O 01799. Al = 100 = 4.53 01799. + 0. 009998 4. 31

3 01906. 10 ( 4) = 307. ( ml) (5 + 156. 3+ 355. + 64) 01.

6. 90 540. -1 C D M =.4 = 40g mol C( D) 084. 084. 056. 056. O Mo + M D = M, M D = 44g 084. 084.

M CO M + CO + 1 O 056. = 0.05mol 3 n CO =. 4 n = 0.05 = 0.050mol M = 5.40-1 B B = 108g mol 0.05 K 0095 x 0 005 p p (. 1) (. 1) SO o = = 01. 01. p x SO 3 ( 01 1 ). 005. 01. ( 0. 095 x) = 0. 005 x 0. 095 x 1 =,x = 0.0475(mol) x n = 0.0475mol n = 0.095 0.0475 = 0.0475(mol) n SO SO O = 0.005mol p p = ( 0.0475 SO SO 1) = 0.475 0.56 3 0.1 K = 0.159 p (1) ( 050. ) K P = 3 = 10. ( 050. ) ( 030. ) 3 = 3 x 034. ( mol dm ) 11. x

-3-3 nnh OH n 3+ = 5.00 0.0494 10.485 10 = 1 Fe Ru S H O = 60.06 37. 6. 73 101.1 3. 06 18. 00 Ru S H O = 41.84 0. 63 37. 36 101.1 3.. 06 18. 00

076. Fe(II) Fe = 100 = 8.6 09. 0.9-0.76 Fe(III) Fe = 100 = 17.4 0.9 3 FexO O 0.76 0.16 48 5 Fe - Fe = 30.6(pm) 87 37 0 1 ( 1) Rb Sr + e 37 38 06 4 0 ( ) U Pb + 8 He + 6 e 9 N0 ' 0 e. 301g N λ = = λt ( 1) N N N0 = t = t 1 0. 693 = λt 1 N λ = 0693. t 1 38 8 1 1 N0 ( ) ( 1). 30lg = N 0693. t t 1 ( ) ( 3) 0.693t (3).301g1.041 = 10 (5.7 10 ) 06 38 () Pb / U = 0.66 N / N = 1.66.30lg1.66 = 0.693t 9 9 t 3.3 10 4.5 10 0

+ + ( 4)5NO + MnO + 6H === Mn + 5NO + 3H O 4 3

1 OH HNO 3 * CO 3-3 CCl 4 CCl 4 I 4 AgNO 3 Cl 5 Na CO 3 ph 7 3 PO 4 AgNO 3 * I I 0. 0591 + 0. 0591 + 0. 54 = E + lg[ Ag ] E lg[ Ag ] 1 1 + 1 = 00591. lg [ Ag ] + [ Ag ] 1

+ Ag NH K = [ ][ 3] D mol l Ag NH = 8 1 + 538. 10 [ ( ) ] 3 + + 3+ 3+ 8H + 3Fe + CrO === 3Fe + Cr + 4H O 4 + + 3+ + 8H + 5Fe + MnO 4 === 5Fe + Mn + 4HO + CrO Fe 4 5.00 0. 100-1. 7 = 0. 78mmol 1 n - = 0.78 = 0.6mmol( 150mg ) CrO 4 3 00 600mg (1500mg ) 300 x 545. 9 x + = 1311. 6355. 107. 9

υ / 1 (3) () +3 υ 3

1 1 + = 3 3 K [ Na ][ Ur ] 130 10 50 10