职业卫生与职业医学实习指导.doc

2007.3

...1...5... 12 d- WS/T23-1996...16...18...23...29...32...37...41 2

GBZT160.10-2004 ph 8.511.0 520nm 1 2-0.8mm 40mm 25mm 03L/min 010 L/min 50ml 25m1 1 2 30ml 970ml 3? 25 0.9g/m1 4? 20 1.484g/ml100ml lml 5 60 500nm 60 0.1g 50ml 250ml 30ml 1+100 23 6 0.4g/L 0.1g 1

250ml 7 500g/L 50g 250ml ph 8.511.0 100ml 8 200g/L 9 100g/L 105ml 15ml 500ml 11 0.1598g 105 2h 100ml 1m1 1.0mg/ml 1+99 10.0g/ml 1 5L/min 15min 2 1L/min 28h 3 1L/min 28h 2 1 2 20ml 30min 25.0ml10.0ml 2

3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ml 0 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 ml 10.00 9.95 9.90 9.80 9.60 9.40 9.20 µg 0 0.5 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 1 0.5ml 2 1 23 ph 9 10 0.5ml 5.0ml 100 10min 520nm 3 g 2 15ml 50 10min 4 (g) 1 2 2.5C Χ= V 0 X mgm 3 C 10ml g V 0 L 1 ph 8.511.0 ph 3

2 3 4 5 ph BiSnTl ph23 Bi Sn Pb Tl 4

GBT16043-1995 GBT16046-1995 GBT16049-1995 6000 100ml2ml 10l14l 2m 4mm 6000 6201 510090 140 120 120 140 150 150 30ml/min 69ml/min 69ml/min 6000 6201 6080 100ml 3 100ml 1 100ml 100m1 2 3 201µl 0.8787mg 0.8669mg 0.8668mg 100m1 0.020.050.100.200.40µg/ml 0.04 0.100.200.400.80µg/ml 0.080.200.400.801.60µg/ml lml 3 lml 5

1 2 C Χ= 100 V 0 X mgm 3 V 0 C µg 1 510-4 µg l10-3 µg210-3 µg 2 3 24h 4 GBT16044-1995 GB/T16047-1995 GBT16050-1995 6000 70mm 4mm 20 40 300500 34h 100mg 50mg 0lL/min 5ml 100µl10µl1µl 6

0.2Lmin 2L 1 2 lml 1min 30min 3 25ml 20lµl 0.8787mg 0.8669mg 0.8668mg 0.010.020.04mg/ml 0.0250.050.10mgml 0.150.300.60mg/ml 2l 3 2l 1 2 C Χ= 500 VD 0 X mg/m 3 V 0 L C µg D 1 1.810-3 µg3.710-3 µg 9.8 10-3 µg 2 7.04mg 13.14mg 10.76mg 7

8 3 2 4 GB/T16045-1995 GB/T16048-1995 GB/T16051-1995 6000 150mm 3.54.0mm 6mm 100mg 2040 250mm 300350 34h 23min 5 10min 01L/min 100ml1ml 10µl1µl 100350 50100ml/min 2mm 0.10.2L/min 1L 1 2 3 100ml

5060ml/min 300350 100ml1ml 1 2 C Χ= 100 VD 0 X mg/m 3 V O L C D 1 lml 0.510-3 µg l10-3 µg 210-3 µg 2GH-l 3 300 350 350 4 5 FFAP GJ-1 1ml 1l10l 10ml 2m 4mm 9

FFAPChromosorb AW 6080 10100 N 2 30ml/min 1 100 30min 2 3FFAP 20M- 4Chromosorb AW 101 6080 5 10ml 10 l 20µl 25µl 201µl 0.8787mg 0.8669mg 0.8668mg 0.8787mg/ml1.7338mg/ml 2.1605mg/ml 1 l/2 2 1h 1 2 5.0ml 30min 3 4 10ml 0.020.100.20 0.40mg/ml 0.060.300.50 1.00mg/ml 30.080.400.80 1.20mg/ml 1µl 3 10

11 µg 4 1µl µg 6 t 10 = K N C C mgm 3 N mg K ml/min GJ-l 73.81ml/min 64.94ml/min 1ml/min t min 1 0.1mg/5ml0.3mg/5ml 0.4mg/5ml r 0.99830.9964 0.9982 2 11.02 13.30 24.14 25 3 0.51.0 2.0 TWA-TLV l02.038.45 98.833.30 103.72 5.44 4 10 5

12 1 2 3 10dB 4 10dB 5 ABC db(a)db(b)db(c) 6 1/1 1/2 1/3

13 equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levell Aeq,T L Aeq

L Aeq,T i L Aeq, T n 1 0.1L Aeq, T i = 10lg( Ti10 ) db(a) T i= 1 L Aeq, T LAeq,T i i normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 8h working dayl EX,8h L T e = L Aeq, T 10lg db(a) T EX,8h e + 0 Normalization of equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level to a nominal 40h working weekl EX,W 14

15 = = n i L i h EX 1 ) 0.1( W EX, ) 10 5 1 10lg( L 8,

d- WS/T23-1996 d-ala - 554nm 10ml 10ml 100ml 1 - ph4.6700ml 57ml 82g 1000ml50ml 30ml 1g - 5ml 5ml 50ml 2 d-ala 0.01280gd-ALA HCl 100ml 1ml0.10mgd-ALA 1ml=10 gd-ala 50ml 4 1 6 d-ala 0 1 2 3 4 5 ml 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 ml 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.0 d-ala µg 0 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 10.0 2ml 0.4ml 12min 4ml 100 5min 2ml 6 2ml 16

10min554nm 10mm d-ala 2 2 1ml 1ml 2ml 0.4ml 0.4ml -ALA 1 (1.020) (k) m X= k v X-ALA mg/ml m -ALA µg V ml k 1 -ALA 2 3 l 4 17

WS/T24-1996 - 0.5mol/L 10mm 250mL 250mL 200mL 1+1 1 2 3 4 5 200g/L 6 10gEDTA10g 500mL 500mL (? 20 0.9g/mL) 7 60%(490nm10mm ) 0.1g 50mL 250mL 1+99 ( 30mL) 6mol/L 15 20mL 1+9 8 0.1354g (HgCl 2 ) 18

0.5mol/L 1000mL 1mL=0.1mg 0.5mol/L 1mL=10µg 150mL 4 1 50mL 50mL 30mL 5mL ( ) 10min 2 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 ml 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 ml 50 49.9 49.7 49.5 49.3 49.1 µg 0 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 2.1 30mL 5mL ( ) 10min 2.2 5min 150mL 2.3 5mL 2min 200 20mL 50 10mL 2.4 10mm 490nm 3 2.22.4 (µg) 19

X mg/l m µg V ml k 1 2 1.0mg Cu 2+,50µgAg + Bi 2+ Cd 2+ 0.1mgI -,200mg Br -,1.5g Cl - 0.3mg I -,1µg Pd 2+ 3 20 50lx 5min 20 4 WS/T 26-1996 50 100mL 1+1 1 2 3 4 50g/L 5 200g/L 20

6 200g/L 1+99 7 0.1g (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) 1L 5+95 8 0.1354g (HgCl 2 ) 100mL 1mL=1mgHg 2+ 9 1ml=0.2gHg 2+ 1 2 2.5mL 2mL 1mL 5min 4550 2h 20min 3 4 0 1 2 3 ml 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 ml 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 µg 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2mL 1mL 5min 4550 2h 20min 1mL 4 10mL 21

X mg/l m µg V ml k 1 2 2mL 5min 3 U 4 5 253.7nm 22

15 20 24 80 1.55.6 24 WS/T52-1996 470nm 10nm 10ml 50ml100ml 100ml 1 2 1 0.1000g 100ml 1ml1.0mg 4 220ml 50ml lml0.4mg 4 100ml 100+l 4 1 5.0ml l5 2 8 23

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ml 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.40 ml 0.5 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.10 mg 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.6ml 0.2m1 20s 2530 302 30min 3.7m1 30min10mm 470nm 0 3 0.5ml 4.5ml 4000rmin 10min10mm 470nm V 2 X = m k 0.5 V 1 X g/l m mg 0.5 m1 V1 ml V1 ml k 1 2 3 24

4 WST 53-1996 C 18 25000rmin 5ml 5m1 l0l 100m1 1 l+l 2 50.0mg 50ml lml1.0mg 4 100+1 4 1 15cm 4.6mm C 18 5um35 ++ 20+80+0.01 254nm 0.08AUFS 2 1.0ml o.1ml 0.3g 4ml lmin1000rm6n 5min 0.4ml 70 lml 3 4 25

0 1 2 3 ml 0 0.10 0.20 0.50 ml 1.0 0.90 0.80 0.50 g/ml 0 100 200 500 ll 3 10l 01.02.0 5.0g 4 110µl 3 41 2 m 100 X = k V X g/l m µg 0.5 ml V µl k WSTWST110-1999 100ml Tenax GC 250 10FFAP6201 FID 100ml ll 26

250 FID 4mm 2m FFAP62016080 10100 90 150 150N 2 30ml/min Tenax GC 4060 8 350 4 6 100mg 4mm 9cm FFAP 62014060 800ml 100ml 500ml looml 35ml/s Tenax GC 1 1150ml ll 0.55l 37 30min 100m1 5102550mg/m 3 2ml Tenax GC 250 3 2. 1 250 2 250 30 300 15sN 2 27

X C = V X mgm3 C g V O L 0 28

WST67-1996 ASCHacetyl-thiocholine 55- -2- [DTNB dithio-bis-nitribenzoic acid ] 5- -2- TNB 412nm 5mm 20l 5.0ml2.0ml10ml 10ml 1115mol/L ph 7.4 0.85100ml ASCh 72.3mg 10ml 10 55- -2- DTNB DTMB19.8mg 2ml 10ml 10 1mg lml 2 3.07mg 10ml lml lµmol 10µl 3ml 4 1 5 10-5-6 0 2 29

0 1 2 3 4 ml 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 ml 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 ml 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 DTNB ml 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 mol/ml 0.0 20 40 60 80 1 3ml 2 1.5ml l 37 510min 3 0.5ml 37 DTNB 0.5mlASCh 37 6min 4 l 5 5mm A A`A A` A 6 m1 37 6min 1mol l lmol lmo1 lmol lmol 0.005ml37 6minlml lmol 0.1ml 1µmol/ml0.1ml 1 20 0.005ml 0.1ml 0.2ml 40 0.005m1 30

1 2 0.070.08 DNTB 31

32

33

2 0.1mg 0.2mgm 3 0.01mg 500L 55 [ ] 34

35 [ ] 7.07µm 5µm 50% 0.01mg

36

37

38 ) ( 10 m b a D µ =

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43

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SiO 2 (F)= m M 2 -M 1 100 45

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