(CIP). :,2002 ( ) ISBN 7-5331-3198-3... - -. TS251.5 CIP (2002) 053621 : : 16 : 250002 : ( 0531 ) 2065109 : www.lkj.com.cn : sdkj@ jn- public.s d.cninfo.net : : 16 : 250002 : ( 0531 ) 2020432 : : 12 : 250022 : 7966822 : 850mm 1168mm 1 32 : 9 : 194 : 2002 9 1 1 : 1-3000 ISBN 7-5331 - 3198-3 :14.00 TS 177
2,, 1990,,, 2001 3340.6,,,,,, 90%, ;,,,, WTO,,,,
2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1 1 1 3 10 10 10 15 15 15 17 27 35 38 38 42 50 55 60 60
2 60 62 68 72 74 76 77 79 79 80 81 82 85 88 90 91 92 95 95 95 96 97 98 98 100 101 102 103
3 106 108 109 112 115 116 116 118 120 121 124 125 125 127 129 129 131 132 133 133 134 135 137 139 139 140 142
4 142 142 143 145 146 146 148 151 154 154 154 162 164 165 166 167 168 169 171 172 174 176 178 178 181 183 185 187
5 188 189 193 193 193 198 202 203 210 213 214 215 217 219 221 221 221 223 223 224 225 227 227 228 230 232 235 236
6 238 ( ) 240 243 244 245 248 249 249 250 251 251 252 258 258 267 270 277
,,,,,,,,,, : ( ),,, 100,,
2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3,,, ( ),,, ;, 1992,, ( ), 1. :, 2. :,,,
4 3. ( ) : ( ),,, ( ) 4. : ( ),, ;, 1. : ( ), ( ),, 2. :, 3. :,
5,, ; 1. : ( ) 2. :,,, ( ), ;,, 1. : (1) : (2) :, (3) :,
6 20%,, 2. : ( ) 30% 40%, 3. : ( ), (1) : (2) : ( ),, ( ),, ( ),,,, ( ) 1. ( ) :,
7,,,,, : 2. :,,, ( ),,,,, 3. :, ( ), ( ),, ( ) : ; 10% ;, : 4. :, ( ),,,, 10%
8 5. :, : (1) ; (2) ; (3),, 1. : ( ) (0 10 ),,, 2. : ( ),, ( ) 3. : ( ), ( ) ( ), ( ) 4. : ( ),,
9, ( ), 5%,,,,, 1. :,,,,, 2. :, ( ),,, :,,,,,,,
10,, 1990,, 8% 10% 6000,,,,, 10%, 50%,,, :, ;, ;,,,,,,, WTO,, :,,
11,,,,,,,,,, 23,,,,,, ( ) 24 0 4, 0 4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,63%,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,
13,, 55%, 24%,,,,,,,,,,, :, 1000, 20%, 8% 4%,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 21
14,,,, ( ),,, WTO,,,,,,, HACCP,,,,
,,, (, ),,,,,,,,,
16,,,,, 1. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 4,,,, 2. : 24,,,,,,,,,,,,,
17,,,,, 12 24,, 36,,,,,,,, 24, 12, 8 12, 3,, ph,,, DFD,,,,, 5, 15,,,,
18,, : ( ) : ( ),, 1. :,,,,,,,,,,, ph,,,,, 3 5,,,
19,,,,, 5%, 65 90, 0.5 1, 3 5,,,,, 85, 1.5, 1 2, 75 120, 1.0 1.5, 5 8,,,,,,, 90, 0.2, 3 4, 50% 75, 0.75, 2 4,, (, ),,,,,,,,,, : 65% 75%, 25% 35%, 15,,
20,,, ph,, 2. : ( ) ;, ;,, 2, (,, ), 3.5 4.5,,,,,,,, 15 20, ( 3.5 4.5, 2 ),,,,, 15,,,,,,, 15 20,
21 15 30 35,,,, 3. :,,,,, 62 63, 3 5,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
22,,,,,, 4. :, 30,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,, 5. :,,,
23 6. :,,,, 1. :,,, 35 50, 0.5, ( ) 8, 10,, 60,,, 2. :, 12 15, 18, : (1) :,,,,,,, (2) : ( ),, (3) :,,, 75 135, 90 120, 120 150 5 10
24, 150 8%, 6% 3. : (1) : 71 82, 30 60,,, (2) : 58.9 65, 30 75 65,35 ; 60 62, 120 150,,, (3) :50 54,90 120,, (62 ),, 4. :, ;,, 8,,,, 30 4, 5. :,, :, (20 25 ), (, ),, ;,,
25 ( 3 ),, : 11% 89%, 200 230,,, 120 150,,,, 6. : (1) :, ( ) (2) : V, (3) :,,, ;,,, 7. :,, : ;,, ; ;, 8. :, - 24, 12 24-12,
26 1. :,, : (1),,,,,, (2),, (3),,,,, (4),,,,,, (5), (6),, 2. PSE( ) : : (1), 30,,,, ;
27, (2),, PSE,, PSE,,, PSE PSE 2,, 3.DFD( ) : DFD PSE ph, ph,,,, DFD,,, DFD,,,,,
28, ( ),,,,,, : 1. :,,, 2. :,,,,,,, 3. :,,,, 4. :,,, 5. :,,,,
29,,,,,,, 1. :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,, ;,,
30, ;,, ; ;,,,,, 3. : (1) :,,,,,,,,, ;,, (2) :,,,, (3) :,,,, (4) :,,,,,, (5) :,,,,,, (6) :,,,
31 ( ) :, 4. : (1) :,,, ( 10 ),, ( ),,, 24 (,, ), 60 80,,,, (2) :, ;, ;, (3) : ( ) ; ;, 5. ( ) : (1) :,,,,,
32,,,,, (2) :,,,,,,, 1. :,, 40 2 3 ( 3 ) ; 40 2 9 ( 9 ),, ; - 17 2 ; - 18, 3 ; - 12 2. :, 60, 60, 3. :,,,,
33,,,, 6,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, (, ),, 24, 24, 30, ( ),,,, 24, 5, ; 40 2, 45,,, ( ) 40 2 9 ( 9 ),,,,, ;
34, 4. :,, 40 2 6 10,, 5. : ( ) ;,,,, 6,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 24 5 ;, 6 10, ; 11, 9,,
35,,,,,,,, 1. :,,, 2. : 1. : : ( ) 0.8 ( ) 1.35 ( ) 0.55 ( ) 2.2 2. : (1) :,
36 13 : :,,,,,, : ; ( 5 8 ) ; 9 10 ; :, 5 6,, 8 10 :,,, 6 8 :, :, :, :,
37 :,,, :,, :,,, :,, 4 7 :, ; (2) : :,, ( ) : 12 13 10 15,, ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : 13, ( ) ( ), : 5 6, ( ) :,
38 : ( ),, :,, ( ), :,, ( ), :, ( ), :, ( ), : ( ) 3. :,,,,,,,,,,,
39,,, (1) :,,,, Zyest,, 2% 3%,, ; (2) :,,, 22, 18%
40 1. :,,,,, 0.7% 3%, 5%, 0.5% 1%,, 2. :, ( 84% ),, ;, 2% 7%,, 3. :,, 4. : 50% 20% 30%,, 5. :, 300 500,,, 0.015% 6. :,, 200,,,
41,, 0.015%,,,,,,,,, ;, ;,,, ;,,,, 1. :,,,, 120,,,,
42, 0.25% 0.55% 2. :, 10 20,, 0.01% 0.02%,,, 3. :,, 3, 1% 5%,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,
43,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1. : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2. : ( ) ( ) 3. : (1) ( ) :,,
44, (2) ( ) :,,,, (3) ( ) :,,,, 1. :,,,,,,,, : 8,,,, 10 13,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,
45 3. :,,,,,,,,,, 4. :,,,, 5. :,,, 6. :,,,,,,,,,, 7. :,,,,
46,,,,,,, 8. :,,,,,,,,, 9. :,,,, 10. :, 11. :,,, 12. :,,
47,, 13. :,,,,,, 14. :,,,,, 15. :,,,, 16. :,,,, 17. :,,, ;,,
48, 18. :,,, ;,,,, 19. :,,,,,,,,, 20. :,,, 1.,,, 2.,,,, 6 3 1 3., ;
49 ;, 4.,, : 1. :,,,,,, 2. :,, 3. :,,, 4. :,,,,,,,,, 5. :,,,
50 1.,,,,,, 50, 300,,,, 2., 3., 4.,,,,,,, : 1. :,,,
51,,,,,, 0.5 0.15 ;, 0.05, 0.03 2. :,,,,,,, 0.2 0.5,,,, 0.01 0.02 ( ),, 1. :,,
52,, 2 4,,,,,, -, 2. :,, 0.05%, 0.125, ( ) 1. :,,,,,,, ph, 0.2 1 2. :,,, ph, ph 6.0,,
53 1,,, C E ( BHA) ( BHT) ( PG), BHT 1.BHA:BHA,, BHA, PG BHA BHT 2.BHT: BHT,,, 40, 40%, BHT PG, BHA,, BHT 0.2,, BHT, BHT,, BHT BHT,,, BHT,,,
54 1. :,,,,, 1,,, ph,,, 2 ( ),, ph 5.8 6.8 1, 0.5%, 2. :,,,,,, 3% 10%,,,,,
55 5%, 3% ; 3.5% ; 2% 3. :,,,,, 2% 10%,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,
56,,,,,, ;, : 24 26 26 28 28 30 30 32 32 34 34 36 36 38 38 16 18 18 20 20 22 22 40 45 45 50 50 55 55,,, 20,,,,,, 1. :,,,
57,,,,,,,,,,,,, 40% 50%, ;,,,,, 10,, 2. :,,,,,,, (1) :,,,,,,,,,,
58 (2) :,,,,,,,, (3) :,,,,,,,,, 3. :,,,,,,,, 4. :,,,,,,,,,,
59 1. :, ; 2. : ; 3. :, 4. :,
, ( ),,,,,,,,, ;, : 1. :,,,
61 2.5% 3% 2. :, 0.05% 3. :,,,, 0.015% 4. :,,,, 0.5% 1.0% 5. :, 0.5% 6. :,, 0.03% 0.05%,, 1. :,,, 2. :,,, 3 5, 4 5,,,
62,, 3. :,,,,,,,, 4. :,,,,,,,,,, : 1. : 1.5 2. : 100, 3.7, 1.9, 0.125, (60 ) 1.56, 6.25, 1.5 3. : (1) :,,,,
63 35 50, 180 200, 0.3 0.4, 15, (2) : 30, 1 2,, (3) :,,,,,, 8,,, (4) :, 2 3, 40 50,, ;, 72, 3, 24,,,, (5) :,,,,, 11 2, 5, 4. :, (1) : 25%, ( ) 10%, ( ) 4, (
64 ) 20 (2) :,, ; ; :,, ;, ;,,,, : 1. : 2, 2. : 100, 7 8, 0.8 1, 0.5, 50, 100, 150 3. : (1 ) :, 35 4,, (2) :,,,,, (3) :,,,,,,, 2 4, 3,,,, (40 ),,
65 (4) :, ( 1 ), 40 48, 50 60,, 4 5,,, 70 ( 2 ),,,, 4. : 33 40, 4.3 5.0, 0.5 1.0 ; ;,, ;,,,,,,, ;,, 1. :,, 2. : 3-1 3-1 ( : ) 100 7 0.22 0.4 100 8 0.25 0.4 100 2.5 0.20 5 3.7 3.7 3 4 100 2.8 0.22 5.5 4 3.7 3 4
66 :,,, 3. : (1) :,,,, 0.8 1, 4 5,,, : 33 35, 3 3.5, 5 6, 500, 3 4, 4 3,, (2) :,, ;, :,,,,,,, 3,, 3 4, 6 7,,
67 :,, 15 18, 2 :,,,, 6%,,, 80 30,,,,, 0 5, (3) :,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 25, (4) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
68,,,,, (5) :,, 100 8 9, 12 14,,,, 70, 3 4, 50 55, 30,,,,, 4. : 0.5 1.4,, 5, 33,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.5,
69, 1. :,,,,, 15,,, 2. :, ( ),,, 100 3, ( ),,,,, 4 5,, 20 100 7 8, 7 8, 7,,, 5%, 15,, 100 17, 14 15-5, 6 2% 3%
70 1. : 2. : 50, 7.5 9 3. : (1) :,,,,, ( ), 20, ; l5 ; 10 (2) : 3,,, ; (,, ) ; 4 5,,,,,,,,,,, 3 7,,,, 25 90% 1. : ( ) 2. : 50, 8.5 3. : (1) :, ( )
71, ( ),,,,,,, 6 1 2, 1 2 ;,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 13 14,, ( ), ( ),,,, 3,,,,,, 7,,,,, (2) :,,,,, ( ),,,,,,
72,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 50 1.5,, 50 3,, 3, 4 6, ( 50 ) 2, l,, 25,,,, ;,,,,,,,
73 ( ) ( 100 ) 4, 3.5, 0.1, 2, 0.005, 0.025, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.5, 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 0.3, 0.1, 0.05 1. : 2. : (1) :,,,, Z, 14, 20, (2) : 3%,,,,, 8 9, 8 10 2 3,,, 1 1, 30 40,, 12, 8 10 (3) :, 55 1 5 6
74, 55% 60% (4) : 20 50,, 150 20, 100 (5) :, 500,, 0.08 (6) :, 121, 15 20, 90, 40 1. :,,,, 2. : 25%, 2 3%, 20 2. :, 10 12 1 2,, ( ) ( ) 1. : 100, 6, 36, 2. : 100, 50, 100,
75 50, 200,,,,,, 1. :,,,,, 2. : 1/ 16,, 8 10 3. :,,,,, 8 10 4. :,,,, 10, 1,,, ;,,,,, 5. :,,, 2 3,,,, 3 4,,,,, 2 3,
76,,,, 21.5%, 1, 1, 20% ; 0.4%,, 1 16, 1 7, 1 5;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 100, 500, 160, 300, 260, 30, 60, 3, 2, 2, 20 1. : ( ) 2. : (1) :,,,,
77 2%, 2%,0.02%, 24 (2) :,,, 20, 90 (3) :,,, ;,, 61 66, 40, (4) :,,,,, (5 ) : 88 30, (6) : 2 4 (7) : :, 75%,
78 ( ) ( 100 ) 1.5 2.5, 0.25 0.5, 0.5 1, 100, 50, 20, 5, 7.5, 5 10 1. : l.25 2. :,,,,, 3. :,, 35 40, 18 20, 8 9 10 12,, 4. :,, ( ), 5. :,, 2 4, 8 10 6. :, 40 45,,,,,,,
79, ;,, ; ; ;,,, ;,, 1. : 30, ( ),, (25 4 7 ),, 2. : 30 35,
80 1 2,, 3. : 50 80 60, 5,,, 4. : 80 90 120, 140 5. :,, ( ) 400 ( 300 ), 50, 50, 150, 150, 50, 150, 150, 250, 150, 150, 25, 10, 1. :,,,,,, 1 2,,,
81 2. :, 1,,,,,, 2, 1 3. :,, ( 3:1), 15,,, ( ) 10, 1.25, 150, 150, 100, 20, 20, 5, 15, 5, l 1. : 2.5, 2. :,,, 4 60 65, 1 2,,,,,,, 5 7,,,, 2,
82,, 3. :,,,,, 4, 4. :,,,, 1,, 5. :,,,,, 5,, 5, 6. :,,, 20,,, 10,,, 30,,,,,,,
83,,,,,,,, ( ) ( 100 ) 1. : 1.0, 1.0, 15 2. : 300, 200, 160, 80, 120, 80, 50, 40, ( )2, 1.0, 2 1. : 2. : (1) : ( ),, 3 12, (2) :,,,, 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
84, (3) :,,,, 4 8 48, 3 4,,, (4) :,,,, 20,,,,,,, 1.5 (5) :,,,,,,, (6) :,, 5,,, ( = 3 1),,,, 40, 10,, 50,, 30 (7) :,,,,,,,
85, (Bacon ),,,, 1. : 1.5 3, 40 60 2. :, 2 3, ( 50 1.75 2, 15 ), 12, 15 16 ( : 50,3.5 250 ), 5, 12 3. :, 2 3,,,, 3 4, 12,, 4 5, 4. :,,,, 60 70, 10,,,,,
86 1. : 50, 5, 70, 100, 2, 300, 200, 500 2. :,,,, 2 3,, 56, 26, (200 ) 4, 2 ( ), 5,,, 10 15,, 5,, 10 l5,,, ;, 10, 100, 3. : : 50,,, 5,, 2,,,,, 2 3
87 24,, 10, 6, 6,,,, 2 3, 7,,,, 2 3 3 4 4. :, 56 26 4, 5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5,,,,,,,, 2 3 4 6,,, 5. :, 55 60, 30 40 ; 55 60, 2 ; 80, 70, 45,, 2 3
88 16 6. :, 200,,,,, 5 10, 500,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 50, 25, 50, 40, 60, 60, 60, 30, 2, 2, 2, 10, 3, 100, 3, 2 1. : 2. :
89 (1) :, 1 1.25 (2) :,,,, 80,,, ( 1% 5% ) 40 50 (3) :, 100 50 80, 50 5 9 24, 36 25 (4) :, 95 30 40,, ( :5, 1 ) (5) : 80 85 2 (6) :, (7) :,,,, 1.5% 1.8%, 0.05
90, ( ) 1. ( 5 ) : 10, 15, 15, 10, 5, 400, 20 2. : 100, 50, 15, 25 3. : 10, 15, 10 ( ) 4. : 150,, 5 1. : 2. : (1) :,,,,,,,, 8 (2) :,,,,, 16 24,,, (3) :,, 5 (4) : 2 3, 2 3, 2,,
91 (5) : 100,, (6) :, 100,,,, 180, 15 20,, 240 55 10,,,,,, ( ) 50, 1.5, 200, 15 1. : 50, 25 30,,,,,,,,,,, 2. :,, 3. :,,, 4. :,,
92 5. :,,,,, 6. : 3, : ( ),, 30, :,,,, : 250, 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
93, ( ) 1. ( 50 ) : 1250, 150, 60, 100, 60, 50, 30, 100, 5, 50, 7.5, 100, 25, 20, 500, 25, 45, 250, 250, 10 2. : 200, 200, 100, 100 1. :,,, 3,,, 1.5 2. : 1, : ( 10 ),, 4 5 3. :,,, 4% 5% 4. :,,
94,,,, 0 3, 10,, 10, 20, 10 5. : 6. :,, 130 140, 50 125,,,, 7. : (200 ) ;, 85 90 30, 30, 85 90 30 8. :,, 1. :,,,, 2. : 32% 34%, 2.5% 3.0%, 5% 6%, 28% 30%, 8% 9%, 7.5% 7.9%, ( ) 15 3. : 4. : 6
,,, :, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
96,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
97,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, : 1. : 50, ( )5, 1 2, 3, 5, ( )500, 150, 100, 50, 25, 20 2. :,,, 5 6,,,
98, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 24.47%, ; 0.73%, 17,, 97%,,,,,,
99 ( ) ( 100, 350 ) 1. : 25, 15, 15, 20, 10, 5, 1.0 2. : 250, 150, 100, 2.3, 1.5, 10, 90, 1.5, 10 1. : 2. (1) :, (2) :55 60 5 (3) :,,, (4) : 5 6, (5) : (6) :, 8, 10, 10, 10, 2, (7) :, ( ) ; 90 60 (8) : 7, (
100 ), (9) : (, ), (10) :, 80 30, (11) : 0 4,,,, ( ) ( 50 ) 50, 750, 250, 300, 200, 1500 ( ), 100 1. : 2. : (1) : ( 0.25 ),, 80 90,,,, ( ), (2) :,,,,, 30 5,
101,,,,,, ( ) ( 50 ) 1. : 20 1200, 400, 200, 90, 90, 50, 60, 5, 100, 100, 20, 20, 10, 30, 10, 10, 7500 2. : 40, 30, 10, 30, 60, 30, 30, 600, 200, 200, 100 1. : 2. : (1) :,,,,, 1 (2) :, 1, 1,,,, (
102 ),, (3) :, 20%,,,, (4) :, 0 4, 8 10, 20, 20, 30 (5) : 1 1,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 20,, 1, 85 90,, ( ) 100, 3, 500, 300, 260, 30, 60, 3, 10, 6, 2, 30 1. : ( ),, 1 3
103 2. : 7 11,, 1.2 3. :,,,, 4, 8, 10 24 1 2, 4. :,,,,, 5. :,,,, 3 4,, 30, 2,,, 30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
104,,,,, ( ) 1. ( 100, 67 70 ) : 2.3, 15, 0.4, 0.15, 0.4, 0.08, 0.8, 0.16, 40, 0.7, 30 2. : 20, 30, 30, 10, 5, 5, 5, 1.2, 2, 1, 200, 100, 200 1. : ( ) 2. : (1) : (, ),, 1.5 2, (2) :,, (3) :,,, 1 3 (4) : ( ),,,
105,,,,, 20%, (5) : 0 4, 30, 30, 30 8,, 4 6 (6) :,,, (7) : 1 1,,,, ( ), 2, :,,,,,, (8) :,,,,, (9 ) :, 85 30, 30, 30 (10) :,
106 1. :, ;,, ;, 2. : 1. :,,, ;,,,,,, 2. :,,,, ( ) 100, 7.5, 4, 5, 2, 1.5, 200, 400, 400, 150, C 40, 10, 500, 25, 50, 30, 250 1. : 2. :, 1 3. :,
107,, 500,, 4. :,,, 5. :,, 8, 40, 20, 8 6. :, 16,,,,, 7. : 1 2,, 90 30,, 80,, 3.5 4.0,60, 120,,180,,210, 8. :, 20,,, 9. :,,
108,,,,, ( ) 100, 3, 2.5, 200, 250, 15, 5, 1.5, 500, 150, 100, 25 1. :,,,, 15 11, ( ) 2. :,,, 2 3,, 4 5 3. : 100, 3,,, 4. :,,,,, 45, 2,,,,,
109,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 100, 4, 1, 1.5, 200, 0.08, 500, 60, 40, 12, 20, 40 1. : 2. : (1) :,, (2) : 80 90, 15, (3) : : 2 3,,, 30
110, :,, 10, 60, 7,,,, (4) : 250,,, (5) : 0.1,,, (6) : 15 25 15 121, 0.25 (7) : 37 7,, 3. : (1) :,,, (2) : 3% ; 30 (3) : ( ) < 10; ( 100 ) < 30; (4) : 6 4. : (1),,,, (2),,,,
111, ;,, 80 90, 15 (3),,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,, 10, 90 60, 121 25,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4),,,,, ;,,,,, 121 25 0.25, (5),,,,,
112,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ( ) 1. ( 100 ) : 2.2, 300, 100, 1.5, 1, 300, 10, 50, 15 2. : 50, 1, 300, 500, 0.6, 150, 250, 5, 50, 50, 50, 20 3. : 6, 6.6, 3, 200, 600 4. : 10, 100, 200, 2, 30
113 1. : 2. : (1) :, 0 5, 20, (2) :, 250,,, (3) :, 8, 0 4,,,,,,,, 36 (4) :,, 100,,, 15 20, (5) : 2,,,,, 40,
114, 25 (6) :,,,,,,,,, 3, 20, (7) :,,, (8) :, : 180, 20, 1 2, 1, 3 (9) :,,,,,, (10) : :15 20 15 121 0.2 (37 1) 5 7,, (11) :,, ( ), (12) :, 25 3
,, 60%,, 20%,,, 25% 30%, 15%,,,,, ;, ; ( ),,,,,
116,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,
117,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
118,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
119,,,, 10% ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 55 62,,,,,,, ph,,,,
120,, ( 5-1) ( 5-2) 5-1
121 5-2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
122,, ( ) 1. : 1000, 18, 25, 40, 5, 5, 2 2. : 50, 0.9, 3, 4, 0.2, 0.15, 50 0.4, 0.7 1. : (1) :,,,,, (2) :, 3, ( ),,,,, (3) :,,,,,, 15, (4) :,, 70 80 2 3, (5) :,
123, (6) :, 2, 60 70 3 4, 2 3 (7) :,, (8) :, 50 55 2. : (1) :,, 0.5 (2) :,,,,, ( 2 ),,,,, 30,,,,,, 4,, ;, (3) :,,,,,,,,,, 20%,, (4) :,
124 3. : 30% 70%,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,, ( ) 100, 10, 8, 5 40 1. :, (,,, ), 6 3 2. :,,,, 2 3,,, 3. :,,,,, 4,,,, 4. :,,, 80%,
125,,,,,, 32% 35% ( ) 100, 17, 3, 6, 500, 50 1, 300 1. :, 2. :,, 3,,,, 3. :,, 3,,, 4. : 1.5, 5. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
126,,,,,,,, ( ) 100, 2, 7, 100, 48, 480, 48, 48, 8, 10 1. :,, 3,, 30,,,, 90 120 2. :, 3. :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 20 4. :,,,,, 10%, 50%, 10%,,
127 ( ) 100, 15, 3, 3, 6, 200, 400, 500, 800, 200, 800 1. : 3.5 4.0,,,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7,,,,,,,,
128 3. :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4. :, 250 300,,, ( 30% 35% ),,,, ( 10% 12% ) 5. :,,,, 3 4 ;, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,
129, 1 3,,, : 1. :,,, 0.5 2. :,, 30,, 1.5 3 0.5 2.0 4.0 ( ) 3. :,,,,,,,, 4. : 50 55,,, 8 10,, 50%, 45% 5. :, 1,,, 3 5,,,
130,,, ; ( ),, ( ) 5, 25, 0.5, 50, 1.5, 0.5, 0.3, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5, 10, 6, 0.3, 0.15, 20 1. : 500,, 2. : ( ),, 18 36 (2 4 ) 3. :, 55 2, 1 3 4. : 40% 60%,,,, 5. :, ( 75 2, 1 ), 58 2, 2 (650,2450 )6 8,,
131 ( ) ( 50 ) 1500, 1000, 500, 1000, 50, 250, 150, 1000, 150, 4000, 500, 250, 50, 25, 50, 15, 15 1. : 300, 1,,,, ( 20 ),, 2. :,, 3. :,,,, 4. :,,,, ;,,, 60 80 6 8 2 3, ; 2 3 ( )10 20, 35 50,, ;,,,,,,, 1 3
132,,, 5. :,, : 30% 35% ; 32% ; 38% 40% ( ) 50, l, 1.5, 6, 250, 250, 1.5 ( 50 ) : 30, 6.5, 4, 3.5, 6, 1, 2,, 1. :,, 0.3 0.5 2. :,, 30 45,, 3. : 3 0.6, 1.2, 4. :,,,,,,,, 60,
133 5. : l5,, 30, 6. :, 50 60,,,, 4 6, 35%,,,,,,, 30%,,,,, ( ) ( 100 ) 6, 3, 8.5, 3, 13.5, 0.1, 0.5 1. :,, 25 30,
134,,, 2. :,, 2 4 2 3. :,, 1.5 2 4. : 270 5, 140 10, 180 5 5. :, 1. :,,,,, 2. : 24%, 3%, 10%, 45% 3. : 10000, 40 100,,,,,,,,, ( ) 100, 45, 40, 350, 3, 11, 50, 1.2, 3.5
135 1. : 2. : (1) :,,, 1 ( ), - 2 (2) : 0.25, ( ),, (, ), (3) :, 70 75, 5 6,,, 2,,, 200 250, 5,, (4) :,,,,, 38% 40%,, 3,,
136, ( ) 50, 7, 40, 40, 20, 800, 2, 15, 1, 20, 500, 1, 1, 1. : 2. : (1) :,, 2,, (2) :,,,,,, 2 4 2 (3) : 1.5 2,, 70 75 2 3,,, 60 65 2, (4) : 200 220 2,,, 6 4
137,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 100, 16, 2, 2, 400, 15, 60, 250, 1. : 2. : (1) :,,,,,, (2) :, - 2-3 1.5 2.0 (3) :,, ph 5.0 6.0,,, 3 5, 24 (4) :,,, 85
138 25, 65 68 10,, 85,, 65 68, 30% (5 ) : 220 4,, 20%,, 5%,, 1 2, (6) :,,
,,,,,,, 100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
140, - 70 100,, ; 110 170,, ; 180 220,,, ; 230,,,,,,,, 150 : ( ),,,,,,, ( ),, 190 200,,,,, ( ),,, 90 120,,,,,,,
141 ( ),,,, 150,,, ( ),, 150 160,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 150,,,, ( ),,,,,, 200 210,,,, 2l0,,, ( ),,
142, 80 l00,,,,,, 1.,, 2.,, 3.,, 4.,, 5.,,,, 6.,,, 7.,, 8.,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 20,
143 10, 200, 250, 20, 100,, 8 10 1. : 3 3.5,, 6 8,,,,,, 2. :, 8 10,, 1 3. :,,,, 15 20, 4. :,,,,,, 3 4, 5. : 6,,,,,,,,,
144,,,, : ; ;,,,,,, ( ) ( 100 ) 1. : 3, 10, (40 60 ) 300, ( ) 2.5, 200, 10, 180 2. : 200, 100, 100, 12, 250, 50, 1.6, 90, 150 3. (16 17 ) : 50, 5, 15, 15, 50, 10, 10, 50 1. : ( ) 2. : (1) : 4, 5 4 3 (2) :,, 10, 10, 1
145, 0 4 (3) :,, 120 25,, 95 (4) : 170 3 5, (5) :,, 50 (6) : ( 40 ),200, 4 5 ;250, 5 6 3% (7) :, 20, 0 4,,, ( ) 1000, 10, 80, 50, 100, 10, 20, 30, 50 20, 30, 20 1., 250 2., 1,,, 3.,,
146,,,,,,,, 4. :,, ( ) 50, 0.75, 0.25, 0.1, 5 7.5, 10 12.5, 1. : 2. :,, 3. :,, 30 60 4. :,,, ( 2 3 ), 150 170,,,,,,, 5. :,,,,,,,,,,,
147 ( ) 1. : 30 7 3 2. : ( ) 15, 4.8, 3 3. : 81, 23, 38, 3 4. : 145.5, 4.8, 21.6, 19.8, 4.8, 4.8, 3.7 1. : 2. : (1) : 10,,,, (2) :,,, 10 20 (3) : 3 4,
148, 20,,,, (4) : 0 10 2,,, - 2-3,,, (5) :, (4 5 ),,, (6) :,, (7) :,, (8) :, 1. : 2. : 100, < 3 100, 3. :,,,,,,,,
149,,,,, ( ) 1. ( % ) : 1.8, 1.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.03, 0.04, 0.4 2. ( % ) : 3.0, 8.5, 0.1, 0.33, 24, 5 3. : 15, 12, 150, 50, 10, 8 1. : 2. : (1) :,, 20, 3 5, 2 3 (2) :,,, 0 4 24 (3) : (4) :,
150,, 24% 15, 10 15, (5) :, : 1 3, 80 (20 ) (6) : (7) : 0.5% (8) :,,, 0.5%,,, 170 180, 8 12 (9) : (10) :,,
151 0.01 (11) :, 4 1.,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1000, 4, 50, 50, 10, 10, 10, 5, 5,, 1. : ( )
152 2. : (1) :,,, 50 62 2 3,,, 2 3,,,,, ( ),, 3 ; ; ;,,, ; ;,, (2) :, 30 (3) :, (4) :,,,,,, 5,,, (5) :, (6) :, - 25-30, 8 (7) :, 500 250
153,, 1,, (8) :, - 18-22,, 10,,,,,,
, ( ),,,,,,,,, 19,,,,
155, : 1. :,,,,, 2. :,,,,,, ;,,,, 7-1 3. :,,,,,,, 7-2 4. :,,
156 7-1,,,,, 7-3,, 5 5,,,,,, 2 6,,,,,,,,
157 7-2 7-3
158 6 5. :,,,,, 6. :,,,,,,,,, 7. :,,,, 3 6, U,,,, U, U,,,,,,,,
159,,,, 0.03 3, (0 2.5 10 5 ),,,,, 90 7-4 8. : (1) :,,, (2) :,,,,, 9. :,,,,,,, -
160 7-4,, : 10, 85, 95, 98%, 130, 5.9 10 5,,,,
161 1. :, 2. :,, 2% 3%, 0.015%, 0.5% 48 72, 4 10 3% 4% ( ), 3 5, 4 10 3. :, 20% 30% ( ), 10, 10 20 : ( ),, 4. :,, 5. :,, 70 90 25 60, 6. :, 70 7. :,, 50 55 4
162, 8. :,, 8, 75% 78% 20 30%, 12, 72%, 25 30,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 75, 15, 10, 3, 2.7, 2, 0.24, 0.16, 0.12, 10, 24, 1.2 1. : 2. : (1) :,,,
163 (2) :,, ( 0, 3 5 ),,,,,,, (3) :, 0 4 16 24,,,, (4) : 10,,,, (5) :, 9 2,,,, 12 (6) : 70 80, 40 50, 50 60,, (7) : 75 80 15 20,,,,,
164 (8) : 6 10,, 15 (9) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 53, 2, 3.5, 35, 2, 0.03,
165 0.3, 0.15 0.3, 0.3, 4, 1. :,,, 0.5 2. :,, 0 6 48 3. : 2, ( ) 1, 3 4. :, 2.0,,,,,,, 5. :, 60 80, 40 60, 70 15 20, 90 6. : 40 15 ; 50 70 5 7,,,,,,, 45,,
166 ( ) 35, 7.5, 7.5, 65, 95, 65, 250, 250, 2.5, 25 1. :,, 50 1.6, 0 12, 2,, 0 12 0.3, 50 0.4, 12 2. : 35, 7.5 7.5,, 3. : 6 7,, 4. : 65 80 1,, 5. : 95,,, 1.5, 70 6. :,,, 60 65 5 5, 4 6, 10 12 40,,,,,
167 ( ) 20, 20, 10, 2.5, 1.75, 100, 63, 100, 2.5 1. :, 2. : 1.35, 0 12, 2, 12 ; 0.6, 12 3. :,, 12, 4. : 70 80, 45 5. : 90,,, 1 20 6. : 3 5 45,,,,, ( 8% ) 30, ( 8% ) 20, 10, 20, 20, 10, 2.2, 0.5, 200,
168 50 1. : 3 2. :,, 3 4,,, 6 ; 10, ; 3 4, 12 3. :,, 3 4, 5 4. : 5. : 55 ( ) 60 74 76, 70 6. : 10, 5 :,,,,,, ( ) 75, 15, 10, 500,
169 1, 150, 150, 100 1. :,,,, 2. : 1.5 2, 3% 0.1, 3% 4 10, 24 3. :, 20%, 4. :,,, 5. :, 40 50, 30, 82 83, 40, 50 60,50,,,,, ( ) 15, 30, 10, 0.3, 2.0, 3, 4.2, 0.4, 35, C 0.1
170 1. :,, 2. :,, 2 4, 48, 3. : 4. :,,,, 5. :,, 6. :, 7. :, 8. :, 9. :,, 10. :, 11. :,, 12. :, 13. :, 35, 25,
171,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. : 3%, 0.01%, 0.4% 2. ( 100 ) : 2.5, 0.01, 0.2, 0.05, 0.3, 0.1, 0.2, 0.12, 0.05, 2, 0.1, 0.05, 1, 3, 1, 0.5, 0.6, 4, 0.8, 3, 6, 5, 20 1. : 2. : (1) : ( ),, 1 2 (2) : 2, 2 3, 7 15,
172 (3) : 3 3,,,, 2 6 24 (4) :, 6, 10, : (5) : (6) :, 80 85, 25, 75 (7) : 100, 2 3 0 8 1. :,,, 2. : 30%, 2.5%, 23% 25%, 7% 9%, ( ) 15 3. : < 100, < 40 100,,,,,
173,,, ( ) 46, 4,, 4, 2.5, 3, 4 0.75, 0.945 1. : 2. : (1) :,,, ;, 800,, ;, 5, (2) :, 2.3% 0 4, 24 48,, (3) :,,,, 15,,, 15,, 10,, 12, ; ;
174,, (4) :, (5) : 75 80 30,, (6) :, 85, 1, 70 (7) :, 0 5 ;,,, A C,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( 50 ) 40, 10, 0.1, 0.5, 0.05, 1, 1, 1.75, 4, 0.05 1. :
175 ( ) 2. : (1) : (2) :,, 250, (3) :,,, 2 4, 2 3,, (4) :, 1.5 2, 2 3,,, 1 2,,, 5 6 10,,, (5) : 35 40, 4 5,, (6) : 80, 30 35,,,
176 (7) :, 93, 84 86, 60, 71 (8) :,,,,,, 20 30, 60 :,,, 22,, 1. :,,,,, 2. : 70%, 3.5%, 9%, 8% 3. : 30000, 40 100,,,,,, C C, ( ) 75, 25, 3.5, 50, 125, 8.5, 125, 750,
177 7 8 1. : 2. : (1) :, 1 1,,, 5,, (2) :, 5 7, 100 150 (3) : 5% 0.1%,,, 4 10, 24 (4) :, 3 5 0.3 3, (5) :,,,, (6) :,,,, (7) :, 70 80, 20 (8) : 90,
178 80 85, 30 40, (9) :, 10, 35 45,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ) 1. :,,,,
179 (1) :, ;, (2) :,,,,, 2. :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,,,, 0.6 0.8 3. :,,, ( ) 4. :,
180,,, 5. :,,, 2 3,,,, : (1) :,,,, (2), :,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, (3), :,,, (4), :,
181,,, 6. ( ) :,,,,, 10 15, 40 45, 2 3, 7,, 7. : 10, 1 3,, 30, 3 6,,,,,,,,,,
182 ( ) 2 4 100, 4, 10, 0.4, 15, 0.4, 5, 0.2, 0.35, 15 25 1. : ( ) 2. : (1) : 2 4, 2 4 10, 4 5, 42 45, (2) :,, 20, 2 4, 24 5 8 (3 ) : 150, 50 4 6, 15 20 (4) : 5 6, 15, (5) : 50 52, 24 (6) :, 82, 30
183 (7) :, (8) :, 105, 14.7 10 4 40, 35, (9) :, 1. :,,,, ;,, ;,, 2. : 45%, 14%, 6%, 4.5%, 0.8%, 30 3. : 20000, 40 100, 4. :, 3,,,, ( ), 70%, 30% ( ) 100, 5, 5, 50, 50
184 1. :,, : (1) :,,,, (2) :, 100, 6, 9, 180,,,,, 24, 7 12 (, ),,, (3) :,,,,,, (4) :,,,,, 19 l3, 18 12,,,,, 2. :,,, 20, 3. :,, 250, 175,,,
185,, 4. :,,, 16, 2 3,,, 5. :, 10, 80,, 1, 250 175,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. ( 100 ) : 200, 3500, 15, 50 400, 20 2. ( 100 ) : 0.4, 0.5
186, 0.4, 50, 30, 1.5 1. : 2. : (1) : ( ),, 1 (2) : (3) :, 8% (4) : 5 6 (5) : 0 4 24 (6) : 60% (7) :,,, (8) :,, (9) : 90 2 2.5, 10 20 (10) : 50 60 1.5 2 (11) : 10 12
187 (12) :, 1. :,, ; ;, 2. : 75%, 3.0%, 12%, 5%, 8%, 30 3. :,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 70, 30, 1, 1.0, 0.5, 50, 100, 100, 75, 2.5, 0.1, 1.5, 1.0 1. : 2 4,,, 0.5 1.0 2. : 7 3
188,, 5%,,,, 3. : 0 4, 18 24, 4. :, 2,, 20,,,, 5. : ( 2 ) (20 25 ) 3 5, 8,,,, 12 6. :,, 10, 3 5,,,,,,,,,, 70 90, ( )
189, ( ) 100 ( 10 20 ), 2.5 3, 1 2, 1.5 2, 8, 150, 50, 50,, 80, 100 150, 100, 5, 15 1. :, 1 2. :, 10 4 ; 12 3. :, 4. :, 25, 5. : 70 90 4 6, 92% 6. :,,,,,, :,,,,,
190 : 1. : (1) :,,,, (2) :,, ;, (3) :,, ;, ;,, ;,,, ;,, ;, 2. :,,,,, 3. :,,, ;, ;, 4. :,, ;, ; ;,, ;, 5. :
191 (1) :,, (2) :,, ;, ;,,,,, ;, 6. :,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 1. :,,,,,,, NO -,,,,,,
192,, :,,, ; ph, NO, NO - 2. :,, NO -,,,,,,,, 3., :,,, ;,, ;,,
,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
194,, : 5 8, ;,,,, :,,, 3, :, 2.5,,, :,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( )
195,,,,, 11 2, 3 8, 4 5, 7,, 4,,, 1. ( ) :,,, 12 14, 12,,, 2. : 24,,, 50%, ;,,,,, 3. : 4 5,,,
196,,,, 4. : 5 6,, 5%,,,,,,,,,, 5. : 7,, 30,,, : (1),, ; (2)4,,, ; (3),, ; (4),, ; (5),, 1. :,,,,
197,,,, 10, 10,,,,,,,,,, 3,,, 4,,, 3 4, 2. :,,,,,, : (1),,, ; (2),,,, ; (3),, 2 3 ( 1 ), 85% 90%,,,,,,, ( ),
198, 5 7, 2, 2 3,,,,,, 15,,, 10,,, 8-1 8-1,,,,,,,,,, 8 9 1,
199, 1., 9, 80 90,,,,,,, : 6% 8% 30% 40% 45% 2. 5.5, 3., :,,,, :,, :, 1. 0 4 2., :,,, ( ), ( ),, ( ),, :,,,
200,, :,,,,,,,,, ( ), : ( ) 1. 10, 2 4 78% 85% 2. 3% 6%, 0.3% ( : = 1 2) 3. 100, 0.7, 3, 0.4 15 16 4.,, 24 48 10% ( ),, 5 6 16,,,, ( ), 1 3, 5,,,, 7 8,,
201 6 8 9,,,,,,,, 15 18,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,, (, ),,, (, ), ( ), ( 10 ), 1. 0.25, 85% 90% 2. : ( ) : (1),, (2), 20%
202 (3), (4),, (5) 20% 3. :,, 70, 4 8 50 60, 4 8,,, 10, 15, 5 7, ( ) E,,,,,,,,,,
203,,,,, ; ;,,,,,, : 1. :,,,,,,,,
204, ;,,,, 2.5 5,,,,, 8% 12%, 8-2 8-2
205 : (1), (2),, (3), 2. :,,,, 8-3 8-3 3. :,
206, :,,,,,, 8-4 8-4 4. :,,,,,,,,,
207 5. :,,,, (1) :,,,, (2) :,,,, (3) :, 1.5 5,,,,,,,,, 8-5 1. :,, 2 5,,
208 8-5 2. :,,, 20% 25%, 8 10 24,,, 1,, 3. :,,,,
209 :,, ;,, 4. : ( ) (1) :, ; ( ), ;, ;, (2) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3) : 4,, 20, 5 12 10, 20,, 5000 6000, 8 5. :,,,,
210 ( ), 6. :, 55,,, 68 70 55 60, 74 76, 68 70 7. :, 5, 60 70, 2,,, 68 70,,,,,, C,,,, : 1. : ( ), 2. :,,,,,,,,,,
211, 3. :,,,,,, 4,,,,,,, 20 25, 50,,, 8 10 ( 1.5, 2.5, C 30, 12, 150, 11 ),, 20% 25%, 8 10,,, 2 4 0,,,,,,, 16 20,,,,,, 8 10,
212,, 1,, 2 4, 20 30, ;, 30 45, ( ) 2.5%, 36 40, 15%,,,, ( ),,,,, 3.1,, ( ),,,, ( ),,,,,, 15 20 78 80,, 3 3.5,,, 68,,,, 20 30,,,,,
213,,, ;,,,,, 2 5, 12 15,,,,,,,,, 1. :,,, 2. : :,, 3, :,,,, 3 :,,,
214 ( ) 1. : 50, 1.3, 1.5 1.75, 2. :,, 2 3,,, 2 4, 2 3, 3 7 16 ;, 4,, 1. : 50, 3.5, 1.75, 120, 60, 50, 1.25, 0.75, 0.25, 6 2. :,,, 2 3, 10 ( ) 35, 50, 15, 2.5, 150, 0.5, 2,
215 100 ( ) 2.8,, 5%, 3,,, 30 40, 50 30 40, 55 60 5, 70 3,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( 100 ) 1. : 3.5, 0.015, 0.08, 0.32, 0.16, 0.016, 4, 0.12 2. : 0.6, 1, 4 # 0.05, 5, 3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.3, 2.7, 3.2
216 1. : 2. :,,, 30,, 3 5,, 10% 15%,, 3. : (1) : 0 4,, : 2, 30%,,,, 4 (2) : C (3) :,,, 1 4, 4. : 10% 15% 55, 10% 2,,, lo 5. :, 2 4 7,,
217 2 3,,, 6. :,, 20 4 10, 7. :, 70 30, 80 82, 68 72, 2, 30 45, 32 38 8 : 20 9 : 0 4, 8 ( ) ( 50 ) 4.5, 4.2, 0.01, 0.48, 0.45, C 0.05, 0.6, 1.5 1. :, ph 5.8 6.2,,,, 10, 2. : l
218,, C, 10, ph 7 7.2 3. : l5, 245 294,,,, 4. :, 20, 10, 10, 2 5, 7,,,,,, 5. :,, 55 60, 40,,,,, 65 70, 20 30, 82, 50 60, 70 72 5, 6. :, 10 10,
219 ( ) 50, 18.8, 2.5, 0.017, 75, 150, C56.5, 750, 900, 1250, 1250, 1250 1. :, 2,, 7 2. :,, : ( ),,, ( 7 ), 3. :, l0,, 10,, 10%, 4. : 6, 10, 4 6 6 7,,,,,,, 5. :,
220,,, 6. :,, 75, 40,,, 7. : 250,, 75, 20 8. : 84 50, 72, 20 5,, 5 9. :,, 10,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;
222, ( ) 1. ( ) :, 0.04%,,,,,,,,, 2. : ( ),, 3. :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
223,,,,,,,, (, ),,, ( ),,,, 25% 30%, 20% 75%,,,, 95 100,, ;, 2% 3%,,,,
224 ( ) ( ),,, : 1.,, 2.,, 2% 3.,,, 4.,, 4,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ( ),,, ( )
225,,,,, ;, 3.3 10 4 4 10 4, 5.3 10 4 7.3 10 4,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ( ),
226,,,,,, ( ), ;, 100, : [ ( 1-2 - 3 ) T ] P : 1 ( ) ; 2 ( ) ; 3 ( ) ; T ( ) ; P, ( 1 ),,, 15,,,,,,,,
227 ( ),,, 37, ( ), ( ), 37 5 7,,,,,,,,,
228,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,
229 ( ) 120, 2, 0.2, 75, 40, 50, 50, 200, 5, 5, 0.5, 6 0.5, 5 1. : 2. : (1) :,,, 65 70 10% 15,,,, 20 30, 0.1%, (2) : 6,,,,,,,,, (3) : 5 1 1.5 (4) : 150,,,, 150 4, 1 0.3,,, ;,
230,, (5) : 1, 100 200, 5, 5,, 0.5, 6 0.5 (6 ) : 0.5, (7) : 12 17,,, 100, 10 25,, 0.075 0.080 (8) : 15 30 15 121 45,, (9) :,, (10) : 37 2 7,, (11) :,,,,,,
231 ( ) 1. ( 100 ) : 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.5 2. ( ) : 85%, 2.5%, 8%, 3%, 1%, 0.5%, 1. : 2. : (1) :,,, (2) :,,, 1 2,,, (3) :, 20, 30 (4) : 3 5 1.0 1.5 (5) : 160 180,, 20,, (6) : (7) :, 0.05 (8) : 10 35 10 121, 38, 0.1
232 (9) : 37 2 5 7, 1. :,,,, 2. : 75%, 11%, 1% 1.5%, 3. :,,,,, ( ) 1. ( 100 15 ) : 1.6, 0.4, 1, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 12 2. ( 100 ) : 250, 60, 150, 1. : 2. : (1) :,, 750
233,,, 1.5 2 (2) : 60 65,, 40, (3) :,, (4) :,, (5) :,,, (6) :,,, 1.5, 500 520, 28 24 (7) : 1 2 30 75,, 50,, (8) : 240 250 1 2,, 70,,,
234 (9) : 100 15,, 15 (10) :, ( 3 5 ), 360 380 ( ), 80 150 (11) :, 96, 22, 80 (12) :,, (13) :, 30, :15 35 10 115 (14) : 40,, 37 1, 5 7 (15) : 1. :,,,, 2. : 500, 3%, ( ) 65% ( ) 1.2% 2.2%, 200, 10, 2
235 3. :,,,,,, ( ) 50, 150, 100, 150, 150, 100, l20, 150, 500, 500, 200, 200, 500, 500 1. : 10 12.5, 4 6,, 90, 2. :, 30 40,, 3% 3. : 3%,, 1.5 2, 4. :, 150, 10 15, 180, 5 8, 5. :, 5 2 0.8 1, 6. : 20, 300, 30
236 40,, 0.09,, 7. : : 5 20 10 116, 38 40,,,,,,,, : 73% 74%, 21% 22%, 1% 2%,,,,,,, ( ) 2.5%, 5%, 1.5%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 3.0%, 1. : 2. : (1) : 28, 500,,
237, (2) :,,,,,,,,,, 2 3,, 2 4, 8 10 (3) :,,, 150 180 15 20, 85 90 30 40,, 1 2 (4) :, 65 15 20,,, (5) :,, 160 200, 2 3, 0.095 (6) : 5 25 5 115, 0.16,, ( 37 2 ), 7,,, 1. :,, ;,,, ;
238,,, 2. : 50%, 1.5% 2.5%, 0.1, 0.5, 1.2% 3. : 100, 5 100,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. ( 100 ) : 1.5 3, 0.8 1.2, 40 60, 40 50, 15 25, 4 7, 2 5, 3 4.5 2. : 40 55, 40 55, 45 55, 45 60, 45 55, 20 30, 100 120, 20 30
239 1. : 2. : (1) :,, - 18 (2) :, (3) :,, (4) :, 30 40, 160, 3 4.5,,,, 4 10, 72, 12,,, (5) : 2 3,, (6) :,,,, 2 3 (7) :, (8) :, 2, : 100 20 : 190
240 18 : 160 12 (9) : 2 3, 5 8,,,, 0.085, 170 200, 2 3 (10 ) : : 15 15 20 121, 15.7 10 4 (11) : 35 2, ( ),,,,,, ( ) 1. ( ) : 3%, 0.025%, 0.005% 2. ( 100 ) : 3500, 100, 500, 50, 2000, 50, 100, 50, 100, 150, 500, 150, 50, 200, 100 1. :
241 2. : (1) :,,,, 4 6,,, (2) :,, 2 3,,,,, (3) :,,, 20, (4) :,,, 3% 0.025% 0.005%,, 6 8, 4 10,,,, 12, 4 10 :,,
242 1 1 5,, (5) : ( ) 25,,,, 15,,, (6) : 2 5,, : 100, 20 ; : 180, 15 ; : 150,10 (7) :,, 0.827, 5, 28 (8) : 121, 15, 90 38 40 1. :,,,,,, 2. : 25%, 10%, 20 3. : 30000, 70 100, 4. : 6
243,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 100, 2.5, 8, 1.9, 1.2 1. : 2. : (1) :,,,, 1 3, (2) : 180 200,,,,,, 3 (3) :,,, 170 130, 180, 15
244, 0.8, 220, 3 (4) : 10 30 121, 13.7 10 4 14.7 10 4 (5) :,, (6 ) : 37, 3,,,,,,,,,, 6 3.2, 2, 0.24, 2.5, 0.18, 1, 80 1. :,,,,, 5 6, 6 7, 2. : 10 15, 1, 3 4
245 3. :, 100, 3 5, 3 5, 75 4. :, 5. : 15 80 20 121, 40 6. : (1),,,, (2),,,,,, (3),,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. ( 100 ) : 50
246, 40, 15, 25, 0.5, 1.2, 8.5, 100, 30, 20, 300 2. ( 100 ) : 50, 40, 15, 25, 0.5, 1.2, 2.5, 100, 300, 0.5, 2, 0.2, 20% 3.5, 1. : 2. : (1) :,,,, 60 68, 3 8,,,,, (2) : 2%, 0.6%,, 25,,,, (3) : 1,,,,,, 2.5
247 (4) :, 3 4,,,,, (5) :, 425, 25, 0.5,, 106.66, 20 (6) : 10 30 15 121 (7) :, 1. :,, 2. : 90%, 2.0 2.5%, 3. :
,,,,,,,,,,,, 107 2,, 108 2,
249,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,
250,,,,,,, 82 10, ; 60 5,,, 25 30, 38 40,,, 7 ( ),,,,
251,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ph,,,,
252,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
253, 10 8 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6 -
254,,,,,,,,,,, 1. :, 10, 4.5, 0, - 10, 10 4 2, 0 16, 5, 5, 10, 2,,,,,
255, 20,,,, 20,, 30,,, 2. : (1) :,,,, (2) : 10%,, : ph,,,,, :,,, 20%,
256 50%,, 100%,,,,,,,,,, 5% 50%, 0 20%, 20%,, 100% 20% 5% 75%,,,,, (3) :,,, N 2, 100%, 5 10 6 2 2 3. :,,
257,, 6 -,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 94%,,,,,,,,,,
258,,,,,,,,,, 0 4 0 1, 0,, 1, 1. :,, - 2-3, 14 24, 0, 0 1 0 : 24, 18, 12, 0.1 0.2
259 10-1 10-1 ( ) ( % ) ( ) - 1.5 0 90 28 35-1 0 90 7 21-1 0 85 90 7 14-1.5 0 85 90 7 14-3 1 80 90 30-1 0 80 90 120 180 2. : (1) :,,,, ph 6, 10 ; 0.5 3.0, 2 3, 24 48, - 6-10 - 3,,, 0 (2) :,,,, 1 4, 50%, : 1 4, 95%,,, ; 3 4, 90% 95% ; 90%
260, (3) :, 2, 10 15 3. : (1) :,,, 10 3 2 (10 7 2 ), 10 5 2 2, 0 10, 100% 80%, 4 1.5,,,,, 0.6% + 0.046% 10,,,, 40, 5%, 3%, 96.8% 2% + 1% + 0.25% + 0.1%,
261, (2) :,,, 24,,,, ; (3) :,,, 10 (4) :, 72, 0.02%,,,,,,
262,,,,, - 18, ( 80% ),,, 1. : (1) ; (2) ; (3) 2. :, - 23-25 ( - 30-40 ) 90% 1.5 2-18, 10-2 10-2 ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - 18 82 92 0 4-15 72-18 1.5 2 90 95 0 4-15 48-23 1.5 2 85 92 0 4-15 24-30, 3 4, - 18 48
263 0 4-18, 24, 24 48, 48 3. : (1) :, - 25, 1 2, 16 18, - 15, (2) :, 0 4 8 12,, - 25, 12 16, 40%,,,,,,,,, 4. : - 18, 1 4,,, 10-3:
264 10-3 ( ) ( % ) ( ) - 18-23 90 95 9 12-18 90 95 8 10-18 - 23 90 95 7 10-29 90 95 12 14-18 90 95 6 8-18 90 95 3 12-18 - 23 90 95 8 11-188 - 23 90 95 6 8-18 90 95 3 8 5. :,,, 15, 1 4, 3% ; 3 5, 0.5% 1.5%, 1.5% 2.5%, 40 11.5%, 7 4.35%, 1 2.55%, : (1) :, 0 5, 15 20,,,
265,,, (2) :,,, 10, 20 ; 20, 10 11,, 1, 6 10, 0.9% (3) :, 0.5% 4.0% (4) : 0.09, 31, 60 (5) :,, 1 4,, 6. : (1) : ( )
266,,,,,,,,,,,, (2) :,, - 50-80 (3) :,,, ( ),,,
267, 5, 24,, 24,,, (4) :,,,,,,, - 8 6, ; 12, 25 40 ; - 18 12,, 70% 80%,, ;,,,,,,,,,
268,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, : ;,,,,
269, 1. 100% : ( 0 ),, 15, 20,,,,,,, 0 7 2. 75% 25% : 75% 25%,,, 0 10 14 3. 50% 25% 25% : 50% 25% 25%,, :
270 ; ; ;, : 1. : 0 4 24, ATP,,,, 2. :,,,, 3. :, Tiromat (,,,, 4. :, ;,,
271,,,, 1976, 70 100, 1980, 10, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 1958 1975 1998 2, 18, 6,,,,,
272 1.0 60, 3,,, 7,,,, 2,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,, 0, ; 13 ; 60,,, 200,,
273, 2, 4 -,,,,,, ph ph, ph, ph < 5, ( ),,, 30 80,,, ph,,,,,,, ph,,,
274,,,,,,,,,, 50,,,,,, 60, 40,,,,, 1. :,, 1% 3%,
275,,,,, 2. :, (Nisin),, 195, 20,,, 30 80,,,,, 2.5% 5%, 5, 13, -,,, Nisin,
276 Nisin, Nisin,,,, Nisin, Nisin Nisin,, Nisin,, Nisin Nisin,,
1.,.. :, 1999 2... :,2002 3... :,2001 4... : 2000 5... :,1999 6... :, 1995 7... :, 1995 8.,.. :, 1998 9... :,2001 10.,.. :, 2000