36 5 Vol. 36, No.5 2012 9 ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA Sep., 2 0 1 2 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1035.2012.00913 周天舒王磊唐文乔宋小晶孙莎莎 (,, 201306) : Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus,,,, (F) 2249 3472(2746±230) ; F L 32 44(35±2) /mm, F W 643 1320(698±71) /g LHRH-A 3 0.2 μg HCG20 IU HCG 20 IU, 30, 27 10 ph (7.8±0.3), 158h46min, 4286.70 h,,, 283 /min 5 10 15,, 20 25 30 35, : ; ; ; ; 中图分类号 : Q954.4 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 1000-3207(2012)05-0913-09 (Mud-skippers),, [1] Perciformes, Gobiidae, Oxudercinae, 4, 3 (Periophthalmus), 15 [1, 2], 3, P. modestus P. argentilineatus P. magnuspinnatus 1995, [3],, [4],, [5, 6],,,, 1 1.1, 2011 7 200,, 100,, 3 15 1.2 (Standard length, SL), 1 mm, JY2002 (Body weight, BW), 0.01 g, (Somatic weigh, SW), (Ovary weight, OW), 收稿日期 : 2012-02-28; 修订日期 : 2012-06-19 基金项目 : ( ) (201203065); E- (E03009); (S30701) 作者简介 : (1986 ),, ; ; E-mail: tiantian_zh@yahoo.cn 通讯作者 : (1964 ),, ; E-mail: wqtang@shou.edu.cn
914 36 V, 0.05 g( 0.01 g),, Olympus IX71 V, V,, Olympus DP2-BSW, 40, 22 880 SPSS 17.0 Excel 2007, : (F)= / ; (F L )= F / ; (F W )= F / 1.3 20 [ (4.72±0.90) g], (27±1), (LHRH-A 3 ) (HCG) 0.2 μg LHRH-A 3, 24h 20 IU HCG 2, 20 IU HCG 24h, 10, 5 ml 10, 10, 2min,, 3,, 1.4, HWS24, Olympus IX71, 27 10, ph (7.8± 0.3), 2, 28 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 7, 200, 4,, Olympus DP2-BSW [7] 1.5, (h ) [8] 2 2.1 112, 92, 20, 4.6 1 31 V, (L) 5.7 8.4 (7.56± 0.65)cm; (BW) 2.60 5.83 (4.72±0.92)g; ( )(SW) 1.89 5.06(3.92 ±0.93)g (F) 2249 3472 (2746±230), (F L ) 32 44 (35±2) /mm; (F W ) 643 1320 (698±71) /g 5 31, (r), : F=38.449L 0.986 (r=0.720), F =1433.286 340.276SW (r 0.789) F L =242.966 5.744L 0.040L 2 (r 0.739), F L =73.937 21.480SW 2.966SW 2 (r 0.742) F W =619390.408L 1.565 (r = 0.855), F W =1643.946SW 0.617 (r = 0.855) 2.2 V,,,,,, 1.72 2.33 (1.98±0.17) mm 5 10min, 2.42 3.43 (2.95±0.33) mm, 2.08 2.29 (2.23±0.05) mm 27 10,, 30, 4286.7 h ( - ), ( 1), 4 (1), 27 10 127h52min, 80% ; (2) 88h52min, 56%;
5 : 915 (3), ; (4),, ( 1) 28, 5 10 15 3, 38.5% 47.3% 42.8% 20 25,, 35,,,, 30,,,, 5 15 3 3.1, [9] 10 cm Development stage Tab. 1 表 1 大鳍弹涂鱼的胚胎发育期 The embryo development stage of the P. magnuspinnatus ( : ) Time after fertilization (h:min) ( : ) Duration (h:min) ( ) Accumulated temperature (h ) Fertized egg 0 0:57 0 1 Blastodisc 0:57 0:19 25.65 2 2 2-cell stage 1:16 0:23 34.20 3 4 4-cell stage 1:39 0:19 44.55 4 8 8-cell stage 1:58 0:30 53.10 5 16 16-cell stage 2:28 0:24 66.60 6 32 32-cell stage 2:52 0:35 77.40 7 64 64-cell stage 3:27 0:30 93.15 8 Morula stage 3:57 1:03 106.65 9 High blastula stage 5:00 1:04 135.00 10 Low blastula stage 6:04 2:45 163.80 11 Early gastrula stage 8:49 1:33 238.05 12 Middle gastrula stage 11:22 0:48 306.90 13 Late gastrula stage 12:10 0:27 328.50 14 Neurula stage 12:37 1:39 340.65 15 Blastopore closure 14:16 0:31 385.20 16 Embryo formation 14:47 3:04 399.15 17 Eye sac formation 17:51 0:20 481.95 18 Kupffer s appearance 18:11 3:00 490.95 19 Tail bud appearance 21:11 0:50 571.95 20 Fin fold stage 22:01 2:01 594.45 21 Otocyst stage 24:02 2:49 648.90 22 Otoliths appearance 26:51 1:46 724.95 23 Heart beating 30:54 1:28 834.30 24 Intestinal canal formation 32:22 10:06 873.90 25 Blood circulation 42:28 15:07 1146.60 26 Pectoral fin appearance 57:35 4:36 1554.75 27 Melanophore appearance 62:11 7:39 1678.95 28 Air bladder formation 69:50 88:56 1885.50 29 Hatch larva 158:46 4286.70 30 Plate
916 36 Development stage Tab. 2 表 2 盐度对大鳍弹涂鱼胚胎发育的影响 The effect of salinity on P. magnuspinnatus embryo development ( ) Development times of different embryo stages under different salinities (h:min) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Fertized egg Blastodisc 0:52 0:52 0:50 0:52 0:50 0:47 0:48 2 2-cell stage 1:15 1:13 1:13 1:18 1:15 1:12 1:12 4 4-cell stage 1:36 1:37 1:39 1:40 1:37 1:32 1:37 8 8-cell stage 2:07 2:06 2:07 2:09 2:05 2:00 2:03 16 16-cell stage 2:46 2:46 2:47 2:50 2:46 2:41 2:42 32 32-cell stage 3:11 3:10 3:09 3:12 3:10 3:11 3:09 64 64-cell stage 3:38 3:37 3:36 3:35 3:33 3:31 3:33 Morula stage 3:53 3:51 3:50 3:55 3:52 3:54 3:53 High blastula stage 5:01 4:59 4:58 4:58 4:56 4:56 4:55 Low blastula stage 6:07 6:05 6:04 6:04 6:03 6:02 6:02 Early gastrula stage 8:59 8:58 8:55 8:31 8:27 7:38 Middle gastrula stage 11:33 11:28 11:23 11:20 11:13 10:37 Late gastrula stage 12:17 12:14 12:10 12:10 12:03 12:23 Neurula stage 12:38 12:36 12:34 12:33 12:31 Blastopore closure 12:51 14:51 14:50 14:52 13:48 Embryo formation 15:30 15:56 15:53 16:00 14:59 Eye sac formation 16:43 17:19 17:12 17:23 16:42 Kupffer s appearance 17:30 17:47 17:49 17:58 17:28 Tail bud appearance 18:55 19:21 19:26 19:30 19:23 Fin fold stage 20:07 20:11 20:10 20:12 20:14 Otocyst stage 22:06 22:12 22:14 22:14 22:16 Otoliths appearance 24:27 24:51 24:52 24:54 24:55 Heart beating 28:49 28:52 28:55 28:56 28:57 Intestinal canal formation 29:51 29:58 29:56 29:59 29:52 Blood circulation 40:26 40:28 40:28 40:30 40:33 Pectoral fin appearance 53:09 53:11 53:18 53:20 53:23 Melanophore appearance 58:49 58:59 59:15 59:24 57:32 Air bladder formation 65:18 65:20 65:29 65:39 65:48 Hatch larva 146:50 153:35 165:00, (Tridentiger trigonocephalus), F F L F W 16.9% 21.6% (Synechogobius hasta) (Acanthogobius ommaturus), F F L, F W (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris), F F L, F W ( 3),,, 1,, r-,, K- 3.2,, [11] (Ctenogobius giurinus), [14],,,
5 : 917 Species Tab. 3 表 3 几种虎鱼科鱼类的繁殖力比较 The individual fecundity of different species in Gobioidei F(egg) F L (egg/mm) F w (egg/g) ( ) Range (Mean) ( ) Range (Mean) ( ) Range(Mean) [10] T. trigonocephalus 6265 23587 (12689) 107 337 (207) 1611 5624 (3240) [11] S. hasta 3052 67896 (18065) 23 187 (84) 17 1260 (488) [8] A. ommaturus 6328 59878 (24607) 16 168 (88) 18 285 (157) [12] B. pectinirostris 1956 14053 (7293) 29 101 (79) 511 805 (752) [13] B. pectinirostris 4100 24600 (12600) 29 101 (79) 329 2117 (744) P. magnuspinnatus 2249 3472 (2746) 32 44 (35) 643 1320 (698),, (Mugilogobius myxodermus) [15],, (Rhinogobius cliffordpopei) 23.7 26.1, 59h28min, 1480.7 h [16] 26.5 29 87h35min [7] 22.3 25.7, 109h52min [12] 16 18 138h [13] (Tridentiger trigonocephalus) 20.5 22.5, 160h, 3471.86 h [9], 27, 158h46min, 4286.7 h,,, 69h [12], 50% 92h [9], 57.5% 69h50min, 63.6% [13] 65h [7], 74%, 127h52min, 80% 9h, 6.3% [9] ; 29h40min, 21.5% [14] ; 16h, 18.3% [12] ; 35h18min, 32.1% [13], 88h56min, 56.0%,, (Verasper variegatus) 3d [17] (Oplegnathus fasciatus), 4 [18],,,, 52 78 /min,,, 283 /min 150 180 /min [9, 12],,, 3.3,,,,, [19], 30 35,, 20 25,,
918 36, 5 15, 10,, 5 (4 6 ) [20], (5 20 ) [21] : [1] Wu H L, Zhong J S. Fauna Sinica. Ostichthyes. Perciformes. Gobioidei [M]. Beijing: Science Press. 2008, 703 711 [,..... :. 2008, 703 711] [2] Lee Y J, Choi Y, Ryu B S. A taxonomic revision of the genus Periophthalmus (Pisces: Gobiidae) from Korea with description of a new species [J]. Korean Journal of Ichthyology, 1995, 7: 120 127 [3] Kim I S. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea Vol. 37. Freshwater Fishes [M]. Ministry of Education. 1997, 1 629 [4] Wang Z Q, Yang J Q, Tang W Q. A long-term misidentified new record species of gobiidae from China-Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus [J]. Acta Zootax Sinica, 2006, 31(4): 906 910 [,,.., 2006, 31(4): 906 910] [5] Gun W B, Toru Takita, Yang H Y. Lifestyle of Korean mudskipper Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus with reference to a congeneric species Periophthalmus modestus [J]. Ichthyological Research, 2008, 55: 43 52 [6] Park J Y. Structure of the skin of an air-breathing mudskipper, Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus [J]. Journal of Fish Biology, 2002, 60: 1543 1550 [7] Hong W S, Dai Q N, Zhang Q Y, et al. Observations on the early development of the mudskipper, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris (Linnaeus) [J]. Tropic Oceanology, 1988, (2): 1 8 [,,,.., 1988, (2): 1 8] [8] Yin M C. Ecology of Fishes [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press. 1995, 137 [.. :. 1995, 137] [9] Feng G P, Zhang L Z, Zhuang P, et al. Morphological character, individual fecundity and ovary histology of Acanthogobius ommaturus in Yangtze River estuary [J]. Marine Fisheries, 2010, (3): 257 263 [,,,.., 2010, (3): 257 263] [10] Zhao Y, Zhuang P, Zhang L Z, et al. Embryonic and larval development of Tridentiger trigonocephalus [J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2008, 15(4): 170 176 [,,,.., 2008, 15(4): 170 176] [11] Feng J, Zhu J Q, Zheng Z M, et al. Studies on the individual fecundity of Synechogobius hasta [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science), 2004, 23(4): 302 305 [,,,.. ( ), 2004, 23(4): 302 305] [12] Cai Z P. Population structure and reproductive characteristics of mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris in Shenzhen Bay, China [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1996, 16(1): 77 82 [.., 1996, 16(1): 77 82] [13] Zhang Q Y, Hong W S. Review and prospect of mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris studies [J]. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 2006, 45(Suppl. 2): 97 108 [,.. ( ), 2006, 45( 2): 97 108] [14] Qi W H, Guo Y S, Li X Z, et al. Reproductive character, embryonic and larval development of Ctenogobius giurinus [J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2008, 43(5): 13 24 [,,,.., 2008, 43(5): 13 24] [15] Chen Y L, Guo Y S. Embryonic and larval development of Mugilogobius myxodermus [J]. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 2007, 42(2): 124 128 [,.., 2007, 42(2): 124 128] [16] Wang H, Guo Y S. Embryonic development of Rhinogobius cliffordpopei [J]. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 2009, 28(2): 184 188 [,.., 2009, 28(2): 184 188] [17] Wang K S, Zhang Z F, Kang Q H, et al. Embryonic and larval development in Verasper variegates [J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China, 2003, 10(6): 451 454 [,,,.., 2003, 10(6): 451 454] [18] Liu X Z, Xu Y J, Wang Y Y, et al. Characters of development and growth of early life stages of the rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus [J]. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 2008, 54(2): 332 341 [,,,.., 2008, 54(2): 332 341] [19] Shi Z H, Xia L J, Wang J G, et al. Effect of salinity on embryonic development and larval growth of Dentex tumifrons Temminck et Schlegel [J]. Journal of Fisheries of China, 2004, 28(5): 599 602 [,,,.., 2004, 28(5): 599 602] [20] Feng G P, Zhuang P, Zhang L Z, et al. Embryonic and pre-larval development of Tridentiger trigonocephalus and adaptability to salinity [J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2009, 33(2): 170 176 [,,,.
5 : 919., 2009, 33(2): 170 176] [21] Zhang Q Y, Hong W S, Dai Q N, et al. Studies on the artificial propagation and larval rearing of the mudskipper (Boleophtholmus pectinirostris L.) [J]. Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science), 1987, 26(3): 366 373 [,,,.. ( ), 1987, 26(3): 366 373] EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND SALINITY TOLERANCE OF MUDSKIPPER (PERIOPHTHALMUS MAGNUSPINNATUS) ZHOU Tian-Shu, WANG Lei, TANG Wen-Qiao, SONG Xiao-Jing and SUN Sha-Sha (Laboratory of Fishes, Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Education Ministry of China), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China) Abstract: Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus inhabit in China which was previously mistaken as Periophthalmus modestus and recently reported from the coasts of Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and South China Sea. For the taxonomically new P. magnuspinnatus, there is only one study on the skin structure and investigating the life history Lifestyle of Korean mudskipper. This paper was studied the fecundity and effects of salinity on embryonic development of the P. magnuspinnatus in Qiantang River estuary. The fertilized eggs were observed through a semi-dry artificial fertilization method, which were cultured and analysed in constant temperature of sea water with weak aeration in different salinities. The embryonic development of mudskipper was characterized by continual viviperception. The results indicated that the individual absolute fecundity (F) ranged from 2249 to 3472 eggs, the average was 2746 eggs, and the standard error of mean was 230. The individual relative fecundity (F L ) ranged from 32 to 44 eggs per millimeter, the average was 35 eggs, and the standard error of mean was 2. The individual relative fecundity (F W ) ranged from 643 to 1320 eggs per gram, the average was 698 eggs, and the standard error of mean was 71. From the injection of 0.2 μg of LHRH-A 3 (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-analogue) then after 24 hours injection of 20 IU of HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) into female fish and 20 IU of HCG into male fish, each male fish received one injection at the same time as female fish received the second injection. Most of experimental fish was able to develop to mature. With the water temperature of 27, salinity of 10, and ph of 7.8±0.3, the embryonic development required 158 hours and 46 minutes, while the accumulated temperature was up to 4286.70 h. The development time from heart beating to hatch larva was relatively longer which need 127 hours and 52 minutes under 27 and 10 salinity condition, accounting for 80.5% of the total embryonic development time. The development time from air bladder formation (the last development stage) to hatch larva was 88 hours and 52 minutes, accounting for 56.0% of the total embryonic development time. Before the eggs were hatched, the organs had differentiated normally in shape already, such as distinct gut, visible anus, air bladder elliptical, and melanophore of eyes per minute. The time series of embryonic development was slightly different from other Gobioidei species which experienced intestinal canal formation, blood circulation and pectoral fin appearance successively. The heart rate in heart beating stage of P. magnuspinnatus was ranged from 52 to 78 times per minute, and then sped up which could reach to 283 times per minute until hatch larva stage. The optimum salinity for embryo development was 5-15. The hatchability under 5, 10 and 15 salinity was 38.5%, 47.3% and 42.8% respectively. Experimental observation results indicated that salinity showed no influence on embryonic development of P. magnuspinnatus, but the development time and development accumulative temperature shortened as the decrease of salinity. Under high salinity concentrations of 35, 30, 25, and 20, the fish larvaes were not hatched from the fertilized eggs. Key words: Fecundity; Embryonic development timing; Optimal salinity; Mud-skippers; Qiantang River Estuary
920 水 生 生 物 学 报 36 卷 图版Ⅰ 大鳍弹涂鱼的胚胎发育 Plate Ⅰ Development of embryo of Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus 1. 受精卵, 40; 2. 胚盘, 40; 3. 2 细胞, 40; 4. 4 细胞, 40; 5. 8 细胞, 40; 6. 16 细胞, 100; 7. 32 细胞, 100; 8. 64 细胞, 100; 9. 桑椹 胚, 40; 10. 高囊胚期, 40; 11. 低囊胚期, 40; 12. 原肠早期, 40; 13. 原肠中期, 40; 14. 原肠晚期, 40; 15. 神经胚期, 40; 16. 胚 孔封闭期, 40 1. Fertized egg, 40; 2. Blastodisc, 40; 3. 2-cell stage, 40; 4. 4-cell stage, 40; 5. 8-cell stage, 40; 6. 16-cell stage, 100;7. 32-cell stage, 100; 8. 64-cell stage, 100; 9. Morula stage, 40; 10. High blastula stage, 40; 11. Low blastula stage, 40; 12. Early gastrula stage, 40; 13. Middle gastrula stage, 40; 14. Late gastrula stage, 40; 15. Neurula stage, 40; 16. Blastopore closure, 40
5期 周天舒等: 大鳍弹涂鱼的胚胎发育及其对盐度的耐受性 921 图版Ⅱ 大鳍弹涂鱼的胚胎发育 Plate II Development of embryo of Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus 17. 胚体形成期, 40; 18. 视泡出现期, 100; 19. 克氏泡出现期, 100; 20. 尾芽期, 100; 21.鳍褶出现期, 100; 22. 听囊期, 100; 23. 耳石形成期, 100; 24. 心脏搏动, 100; 25. 肠管形成期, 100; 26. 血液循环期, 40; 27. 胸鳍原基期 100; 28. 黑色素形成期 100; 29. 鳔雏形成期, 100; 30. 初孵仔鱼, 40 17. Embryo formation, 40; 18. Eye sac formation, 100; 19. Kupffer s appearance, 100; 20. Tail bud appearance, 100; 21. Fin fold stage, 100; 22. Otocyst stage, 100; 23. Otoliths appearance, 100; 24. Heart beating, 100; 25. Intestinal canal formation, 100; 26. Blood circulation, 40; 27. Pectoral fin appearance 100; 28. Melanophore appearance 100; 29. Air bladder formation, 100; 30. Hatch larva, 40