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2009 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( state building), ( Philip J. Stead) :,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, :,, ;, : Ronald Troyer, Chinese Thinking about Crime and Social Control, in R. J. Troyer, J. P. Clark & D. G. Rojek eds. Social Philip J. Stead, The Police of France, New York: Macm illan, 1983, p. 162. : : 1901 1916, ( ), 1982 10 58 Control in the People s Republic of China, New York: Praeger, 1989, p. 46.
,,,,,,,,,,, 1949,,,,, 1949,,, 1 1950 1976, 7 8,, 20 50 60, 1956 2. 9, 1965 3 1 1950 1976 (1966 1971 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) 1950 55196 513461 361744 70. 4 9. 3 1951 56300 332741 258207 77. 6 5. 9 1952 57482 243003 162326 66. 8 4. 2 1953 58796 292308 130077 44. 5 5 1954 60266 392226 260048 66. 3 6. 5 1955 61465 325829 192565 59. 1 5. 3 1956 62828 180075 119210 66. 2 2. 9 1957 64653 298031 211304 70. 9 4. 6 1958 65994 211068 197771 93. 7 3. 2 1959 67207 210025 204774 97. 5 3. 1 1960 66207 222734 201574 90. 5 4. 4 1961 65859 421934 330796 78. 4 6. 4 H siao Kung2ch uan ( ), Rural China: Im perial Control in the N ineteenth Century, Seattle University of W ashington Press, 1960, p. 55. Stephen MacKinnon, A late Q ing2gmd - PRC Connection: Police as an A rm of the Modern Chinese State, Selected Papers in Asian S tudies, New Series, 1983. :, 93 94,, 1992 59
2009 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) 1962 67295 324639 240882 7402 4. 8 1963 69172 251226 199473 79. 4 3. 6 1964 70499 251352 167514 77. 8 3. 1 1965 72538 216125 142378 65. 9 3 1972 86727 402573 218228 54. 2 4. 6 1973 88761 535820 340641 63. 6 6 1974 90409 516419 337322 65. 3 5. 7 1975 91970 475432 327345 68. 9 5. 2 1976 93261 488813 317258 64. 9 5. 2 : He B ingsong, Crime and Control in China, In H. - G. Heiland, L. I. Shelley and H. Katoh eds. C rim e and Control in Com parative Perspectives, W alter de Gruyter, 1991, pp. 241 242.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,, 3,, 30, 50 20 50 60,, :,, 2008 4 60
,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 70, 20,,, ( ),,,, 30,,,,,,, 32000, 20,, 10 1 32000,,,,,, :,, 119,, 2001 61
2009 2,,,, (M ichael Dutton),,,,,,,,,,,, GDP 4 7 ( 2), 60 140, 40, 2004 20 80 37000 52000, 30, 2 1988 2004 GDP : :,, 1993 2006 Deng Xiao gang. and Ann Cordilia, To Get R ich is Glorious: R ising Expectations, Declining Control, and Escalating Crime M ichael Dutton, The End of the (Mass) L ine? Chinese Policing in the Era of the Contract, Social Justice, vol. 27, no. 2, :,, 51 53, 2000 12, 17,, 1987 ;, 208,, 2005, 2006 2 7 < http: / /big5. gov. cn /gate /big5 /www. gov. cn /xwfb /2006 02 / 62 in Contemporary China, International Journal of O ffender Therapy and Com parative Crim inology, vol. 43, no. 2, 1999, pp. 211 229. 2000, pp. 61 102. 07 / content_180313. htm >
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,, ( ),,, 20,,,,,,,, 20 80,,,,,,, 80,, 2 3, 1985 1989,, 10. 8% ( 16414 ), 20. 4% ( 80549 ),,, 2 1985 1991 1985 1175029 281807 153678 739544 5801286 1653269 1091922 3056095 1986 1174456 291548 154084 728824 5305447 1580426 858943 2866078 1987 1176486 299975 152350 724161 5259963 1577431 841113 2841419 1988 1176486 299975 152350 724161 5259963 1577431 841113 2841419 M ichael Dutton, Toward a Government of Contract: Policing in the Era of Reform, in Bgrge Bakken ed. Crim e, Punish2 m ent, and Policing in China, Lanham: Rowman & L ittlefield, 2005. 63
2009 2 1989 1175510 309366 170525 695619 5182573 1574887 951519 2656167 1990 1194610 319382 163560 711668 5277471 1664592 884810 2728069 1991 1251028 317867 216087 717074 5886299 1564331 857719 3464249 : :, 964,, 1993 3 1985 1991 1985 2632735 410128 386317 1836290 6967541 1314801 1090772 4561968 1986 3049759 407763 394300 2247696 6743436 1312576 1083385 4347475 1987 2612079 390740 428864 1792475 6976900 1324444 1210441 4442015 1988 2612079 390740 428864 1792475 6976900 1324444 1210441 4442015 1989 2486914 394199 474849 1617866 6586563 1344700 1291364 3950499 1990 2625807 433162 472953 1719692 7070690 1455800 1293810 4321080 1991 2519151 422091 472671 1624389 7449878 1448384 1303877 4697617 : :, 964,, 1993 11,,, 3,,, S,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, S C, 2007 8 64,,,,
,,,,,, 20 90,,,,, ( ) 20 90, 1998, 1000, 4,,,, 1998 GDP 6796 1000,, 0. 16 90 0. 45, 20, 1998,, 1997, 1998, 1100, 656, 9. 2%, 1998,, 1989 1997, 3, 1998,,, 7, 2001 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3 2004,,,,,,,,, :,, 2004 6 65
2009 2 3 : :,, 2005 ; :,, 2005 ( ) 20 90, 1949 1979, 10. 6% 17. 92%, 140 1979 193, 1979 1998, 17. 9% 30. 42%, 193 668, 2173 19000 1998,,,,,,, 20 90,, 1998,, 1998, 90,,,,,,,, 1998, ( 4), M ichael Dutton, The Basic Character of Crime in Contemporary China, The China Q uarterly, no. 149, 1997, pp. 160 177. : :, 66 ( ), 2008 7
4 : :,, 1993 2006 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20 90,,, 1998,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, (, 100732) ( : ) 1990 1991 1992 67