( CIP) : /,. :, 2003.10 ISBN 7-81079 - 314-4.... F127 CIP (2003) 092358 : : : (8620) 85226521 85226593 85221601 (8620) 85225284 85228291 85220602 ( ) : (8620) 85221583 () 85223774 () : 510630 : http: / / www. jnupress. com http: / / press. jnu. edu. cn : : : 890mm1240mm 1/ 32 : 8.75 : 235 : 2003 10 1 : 2003 10 1 : : 25.00 (, )
,,, 7, 1 600,,,, 2002 8,, 3, 11 23 2003 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2002 11, 3
2 2003 6, 20 11 8 45,,,,,,,, 8 23, 9 25,,,,,,,,,,,,! 2003 9 25
(2002 11 23 ) ( 3 ) (2003 3 ) ( 7 ) ( ) (2003 8 2 ) (14) (2002 11 21 ) (16) (19), (25) (27) (29) (32) (36) : (43) (47)
2 (50) (57),,,,,, (79) (95) (125) (130)
3 (141) (150) (162) (169) (175), (186) (193), (206) (212) 21 (220) (224) (229) (235), (241) (249) (254) (259) (267)
2002 11 23 :,,, 20,,,, 1978,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,, 80,,,
4,,,,,, 1989,,, 30, :, 100,, 10, 7, 1 082, 6 000 8 3 000,,, 16,,,,,,, 5 7, 7, 2003, 7,,,, 4,,
5 ; 8, ;, 500,,,,,,,,, 13,,, ;,?,,,,,?,, ;,?, :,,,,,,, ;,,,
6,,, 5,,,,,,,,, (, 2003 1, 26 )
2003 3 :,,,,,,,,, 1989 6,,, 30, 22, 13,,,,,,,,,,,,, 500,,
8, 100,, 8,, 500, 155 160,,,,,, 22?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 100,,,,,,,, 770, 4 000, 13 ;, 80,
9,, 12%,, 7 ;,,,,,,,,, 994, 7 434.4 ;,,, 6,,,,,,,, 100,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 1978, 1982 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 8 000,,,,,,,,, 1992, 1993,,,,,
11 40 ; 7,,,,,, 10, 8, 10,,,,,,,,,,,, : GDP, 10% 12%, 70%,,,,,,,,,,,?,?
12,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20,
13,,, (, 2003 5, 30 )
( ) 2003 8 2 :,, 800! 11,,,,,,,,,,, 9, 10, 11,,,,,,,,,
( ) 15,,,,, ( )!,!! (, 2003 8, 33 )
2002 11 21 :,,,,,,, 200,,,,,, (, 2002 12, 25 )
: 2002 8 20 : : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) :, ( ),,,,,,,,
20,,,,, 14 000,,,,,,,,,,, 2, 15,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6 000, 24, 30%,,,, 11, 1 : : (1),,
21 3,,,,,,,, (2 ) 7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,
22 :,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 11,,, : :,, ( 2) (1 ) 11,,?? :,,, 7,, 3,,,,,,,,,,
23?,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,, 11,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 300, 38 000, 19 000, 10 000,,,,
24,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, :, 16, 2 500,,,,,,,,,,,, 11,,, ;,, 11,,,,,, (;, 2002 10, 23 )
, 20,, 10,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,,, 8 20,, 11, 1,,,,
26, ( ;, 2002 10, 23 )
2003 2 8 9,,, 2002, 8 20, 11 23,, : ; ; ;,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), (
28 )() 2 9,, 20 ( ;, 2003 2, 27 )
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
30,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
31,,,, 30%,, ;, ; 1020, 2005 ; 10, 11,, :, 10, 8, 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, (;, 2003 4, 12 )
2003 4 22, ( ),,,,,, : (1) ; (2) ; (3 ) ; (4) ; (5) ; ( 6), ( ),, : ( ),,, 6,,,
33,, 59, 910, 11,, 7,,,,, 28,, 70%, 28,,,,,,, 22,, 6,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
34,,,, : (1),, ; (2) ; ( 3),,,,,, 6, 6,,,,, : (1 ) ; (2) ; ( 3),,,,,, 11,,,,
35,,,,,, 30 ;,,,,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,,,, (, 2003 7, 32 )
,,,,,,,,,, 80,,, 11,,,,,,, 11 21,,,, 3 000,,
37,,, ABC,, 19 383,,,,,, 8 20,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ;
38?,,, ;,!,,, 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ; 80,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,
39,,,,,,, 1 000, 40, 2 000,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 23, 600, 2 000,,,,,,,,,
40,,,,,,,, 20, 1989, 30, 10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 30%,,
41,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 27,,,,,,,,, 80,,,,,,,,,,,
42,,,, (;, 2002 12, 25 )
: 2003, 4 8 13,,,,,,, ;,, 2,,,, 370,,,,, 2 200,, 110,,,,,,
44, 2002 GDP 7.62%,,,, 107 106,,,, 4 9,,,,,,, 4 8,, 30,, 10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
: 45, 6,,,,,, 4 16,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,
46,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ;, 2003 5 31 )
2002,,,, 1999 11, 2000 11 3 000 2002,,,, 11 18 ( ), 11 21,, 2002 : 59 ; 50, 18, 20 30,, 70 12, 9, 9 26, 9, 20,
48,,, 2003 2,,,, 6, 30,,, 2,,,,, :, 2002 ; ( ),, ;, ;,,,,, 1996,, 27, 3 000, () 2002 8,, 2002 5 20, 1998 98, 2002 5
49 20 20, 5 31 6 6,,,,,,,, 2002,,,, 2002 3,, ; 4 9 13, 1 000,, 11 21 25,,,,,,,,,,,! (;, 2003 2, 27 )
:,,,,,,,,,, 1992,, 1 000 1 000,,,,, 1995 11, :,,,,, 2001 10,
51 33, : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ( ) 7 ; 50 ; 30 ; 50 ; 600 1.2 ; 2 000 ; 50 ; 70,,,, ;,, 88 25 185, 6, 10, 2001 8,,
52,,, 2000 11 12, 3 000,, :, 1996,,,,,, 200, 1 000, 30, 1 000,,,, 1995, 20,, ; 22,, ; 26 450, 2000 11 () 10 140, 1998 5, 20 98
53,,,,,,, 2000 11 11 13,,,,,, 13, 2001 8 2 8, 2002 5 31 6 6,,, 2002,,,,! (;, 2002 8 12 )
,, 112 50114 45 23 5025 31,,,,,,,, 18 385 2002, 313.74, 111.53, 35.5% ; 202.21, 64.5%,, 339, 47.5, 53.07, 46.33,,,,, 20,,,, 106,
58 323 107 105 2002, 8 979.1, 489.8, 1 225.3, 7 264, 48.9 /, 28.9 /,, 2 2, 254, 3 749, 101, 349,,,,,, 3 000, 2, 3.1 2002, 80.89,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, 1 902, ;,
59,,,,, 18 21, ( 1 ) 8 11, (7 ) 28 29,,, 1 3002 400, 10 90%,, 310,,,,, 144,,,, 175.88, 152.57, 98.43, 2002 31.2, 88 35%, 70,,,,,,, 1 20, 50 84,,,,,,, : 600 400, 130
60,, 1 548,,,,,, 49, 218, 24, 46, 35, 23, 2001 : 16 949, 4 431, 4 793, 4 130, 7 935,,,,,,,, 2002 126.97, 70.9%, 6 285, 230, 2 000, 201 872 2 313, ; 519, 111 73, 76 196 277, 7,,,
61, 1., 10,,,,,,,,, ( 265 ), ( ), ( 589 ), (1547 ), ( 1870 ),,,, 1949 9 10,, 11, 17 1950 1 1952, 1956, 1970 1975 11, 1983 1988 ( 1578 ),,, 38%,,,,,,
62,,,,, 37,,,,,,, 716,,,,,, 2.,, 56 32, 2000 11 1, 273.51, 268.92, 98.32%, 4.59, 1.68%,, 31,,,,, ( ),,, ( ),,
63,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, 3.,,, 11 ; 19,, 70.9%,,, 4 100,,,
64 : 4A,, ; :, 4A,,,,,,, 23, 2002 ( ) 43, 2004, 773,,,,,,, 2002 1 28,,,,,, 2002 450, 2.5 ( 2.3 ) 20.1,,,
65, 1.,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, 2002, 13.33, 10.19, 15.25, 90.82 ; 10.67, 185.5, ; 0.48, ; 16, 2002 126.97, 70.9%, 6 285, 15.29,,,, 313.33, 2002 7.78,,,
66 49.56,, 20, 10, 2002 2 801, 3 382,,,,,,, 2.,, 20 5060 70,,, 70, 80, 2002 85.98, GDP 36%, ; ;, 500 512, 20 200,, 50, 2002 100
67 ; 4.2, 13 800 ;,,,, 36 ; 45 ; 8 40 ;,, ITO, ;,,, 30%,, 2010 200,,,,,, IB,,,, SW,,, HCE 10 2002 413, 23, 43 () 48, 113, ( ) 252 225, 42, 43, 21, 32 143 ( 113 ),
68 270 ( 41, 121, ( ) 66.27, 108 ) 85.98 77.1%, 377.66, 269.17, 180.82, 160.73, 58.62%, 55.53% ; 5.05 204.6, 55.94, 1/ 4 30.24, 10.53 11.74, 17.84 168, 3.37, 1.98, ( ) 1.03 2002 112.75%, 9.30%,,, 2002 16 769, 11 308,, 18 366, 12 250, 31.61, 17, ( 30.24 ) 57%,,, 2002 8,,,, 40 077 /, (58 940 / ) 68%,,,,,,,,,
69,,,,,, 3.,,,,, 2002 374 767 /, 584 067 / 42 978, 18 884, 23 952 ; 12 340, 188 576, 70 359 ; 144 377 GDP, 4 /, 3.7 / 2.1 / 33, 13.86, 2 329.34 0.06%, (4.16 ) (212.36 ) 1.96%,, 2002 211, 71, 1 12,,,,,,,
70,,,,,,,,,, 7.5,, 70, 2.1,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
71,,, ( ),,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 2002, 1 000, 17.4, 0.1%, 0.19%, 0.26%, 0.26%, 20012002 0.4%,, 2002 6.88, ( 3.95 ), (6.91 ) 5.72 2002 1.6%,, 7.4%,
72 (2001 10% ), 5.,,,,, 2002 235.61, 2%, 9.2%, 21.044.834.2 8 528,, 92% 2002, 1978 8.1%,, 4.75, 2002 1.5%, 2002, 43 480, 27 551 2002 34.12, 102.48, 211.78 36 478, 31.96, 32.31, 23.22 2002 21 149, 8 509, 4 075, 12 607 ; 195 806 58.67, 26.7, 10.9 GDP 90%, 100% 92%, GDP, 43.5%, 40% 42.6%, GDP 14.5%, 10.9%, 2002
73 8 091, 3 782 ; ( ) 39.7%,,,,,, 2002 2001 8.7%,,,, 2001, 1.24, 1.89, 3.1% 3.5%,, 165 2 000 3 000, 2003 2 444, 14.2%, 21 ; 61 792, 10 989, 346 6.,,,, 2002,,,,,,,,,, 2002 70.9%, 100%,
74 18.58,, : 40 ;,,,,,,,, 2002, 2, 14 906, 1 094 ; 6, 4 567, 339 ; 7, 14 350, 425 ; 213, 200 785, 11 652 ; 11, 14 004, 833 ; 1 107, 327 208, 16 438, 99.8%, 97.8%, 74.2%, 119.6,, 1978 538, 1985 1 097, 1990 3 343, 1995 5 099, 2000 10 765, 2002 14 906, 3.2% 2, 45,,, 5
75 21, 53,, 2003 5 000, 80%, 2002,, 0.19, 1.74, 9 ;, (8 497.93 ) ( 1 656.77 ) 5, 7.1 3.6,,,,,, ( ) 1,, 30%,,, 2001, 265, 37 265, 20, 29, 55, 161,,
76, 200, 108, 104 (1) 1 200 108 GDP 71 GDP 58 189 73 79 78 104,, 1952 0.14%, 1957 0.19%, 1978 0.26%, 198219831988 0.31%, 1992, 50, 20 90,, 1994, 0.22%,, 2000, 0.23%, 2001 2002, 125.5%,,, 0.24%, 0.22%, 0.21%, 0.21%,,,,
77,,,,,,, 48, : ( 2 3) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1949 104.31 7 738 1 446 643 5 496 1952 111. 82 9 248 1 788 713 7 829 167 1957 127. 43 19 853 2 966 3 418 12 546 537 1962 146. 24 23 532 3 466 2 106 17 786 758 1965 159.72 30 595 4 533 2 817 19 774 1 397 1970 193.56 46 788 7 052 7 148 25 607 2 042 1975 218.39 69 857 11 173 7 352 37 588 3 787 1978 231.55 95 621 12 078 11 619 44 353 5 182 1980 239.62 124 983 13 103 8 469 58 918 9 743 1985 259. 12 244 634 21 058 20 773 113 743 45 379 1990 279. 15 550 032 51 057 53 127 226 054 199 785 1995 293. 62 1 374 040 161 780 157 523 554 140 841 086 2000 310.93 2 015 300 215 225 193 392 854 031 1 654 729 2002 313.74 2 356 100 329 184 304 503 1 024 754 2 117 763 : 1949 1950
78 3 ( ) ( ) 1952 144 19531957 3 629 19581962 33 779 19631965 12 511 19661970 52 071 19711975 81 872 19761978 45 607 19761980 73 673 19811985 194 494 1 650 19861990 452 804 8 974 19911995 1 363 618 41 809 19962000 2 920 505 75 735 20012002 1 620 832 45 867 (, ;, ;, )
1.,, 113 54116 28 24 2927 09,,,,,,, 15, 2,, 2002, 144 151 5, 818.49,, 41 2.,,,, ( 214 ) 50,, ( ), (201 ), 2,,
80 ( 349 ), ( ) ( 990 ),,, 2 (1754 ),, 3 1913, 17 1949 8 14, ;,, 18 1954 5 25,, 1968 2, 1978 5, 1999 7 1,, 3.,,,, 33, 60, 10.8, 7.5%, 43.4% 4. 800,, 95%, 10, 900 2004 5., 219,
81 295, 3.94, 23.6%,,,,, 500, 0.42, 1.66,,,,,, 1 605, 18.9, 287, 74.4%, 8 000,, 6 373,, 216.2 64,,,, ;, 6.,,, 105323206319, 412 450 550 480, 2002 11 514.4, 233, 40, 4C, ( ) 6, 20, () 7., ; 99 ; ;
82 ; 17, 49, 94, 2, 12, 9,,,,,,,,,,,, 154.28, 31 ; 1 285.1, 8.15 5 354.1, 3 990.0, 906.18 21%, 5.74, 30.03%, 6.16,, 8. : : ; ;
83 9.,, 18 2002 2.35, 71.94, 1998 1 2.81 ; 3.5, 2.6, 1998 94.4%52.9%,,,,, 13,,,, 2002 300, 308.04, 10.6%, 96.29, 3.3% ; 95.71, 16% ; 116.04, 12.6% 19962002 9.84% 2002 3 880, 31.231.137.7, 109.51, 26.04 2000, 2002 6 175, 2 191
84 1.,,, 10, 34 997, 8.45,, 2002 146.67,, 67.49 ; 8.42 ; 53.39 ; 17.38 ; 86%, 69.64%,,,,, 2002 36.5, 22.8, 2002 24.1%, 14.3%, 42.3% 2002 105, 5, 52.5,,,, 20, 4
85,,,,,, 500 63, 6 2001,, 3 466, 30.6,,,,,, 4.5,,,, 603, 236 ( 52 ), 99.41
86, 704, 5, 2002 684, 64, 2002, 39.4, 48% 4.43, 15.56 2001 24.3 2002 20 2. 50,,,, 2002 235.91,, 60.53, 25.7%,, 88.6%, 88, 66,,,,,, 2002 34%,,,,
87,,,, 2002 13.17, 5.44, 51.87% 59.19% ; 28 32.4, 4.79, 37% 52.2%,, MQ, ;,,,,,, 20002002, 100, 95, 90 ; 49 ; 17,, 2002, 20, 11.3, 572, 35.2, 3.7, 7, 1.24, 5.1 3. 2002, 49 885, 10.3% ; 1 493.96, 52% ; 516.67, 4.5% ; 27.86, 10.5% ; 29.10, 11.84%, 9.44%,,,,
88,,, ( ), ;, 80 8,,, ( ),,,,, 5 4A,, 3A,,,,,,,,, 10, 7, 3 000 ; 30 ; 3, 30 ;,,, 20022020 ; ()
89,,, 4.,,,,, 615, 270, 1 600, 5 000,, 60, 250, 500, 19,, 60%, 2000 14, 11 14 VCD,, 2002 3 000 () 2002, 90,,
90, 304, 14 472, 53, 79, 3 886,, 52 ;,, 2002,,, 1995, 2000 3, 2001 20, 2002 8, 200,,, 80 ; 300,,, 5., 3, 2, 4 ; 6, 3
91 4 000, 130, 99.56%,,,,,, 6, 85%, 1999 585.25 2002 629.66,, 2002 30%,, 113 ;, 40%,, 9,,, 49, 561, 57 197,,,, 11,,, 1 207, 2002,
92, 185, 57, 11, 5 6,, 2002 16 ( ) 1 132,, 80%,,,, 94.87%, 79.92%, 55.38%,,,, 278 204, ; 316, 3 ;, 200,,,,,, 2002,,
93 20012005,, :,,,,,,,,, :, 400, 9%,, 9% 7% 6.5% ;, 263836, 32%, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,
94,,,,, 2/ 3,,,,,, 40%,,,,,,,,,,,, 40, 50,, ;, 40,,,,,,, 3, 5,,,,,,,,, 20,
95,,,,,, (, ; ),
,,,, 258, 3 425 (), 33 679 ( ) 2002 458.2, 6.9%, 28.8%, 134.2, 6.3% ; 324.04, 7.2% 261.25, 31.8% 1.94, 9.2%, 25.1% 22.32, 33.5% 236.19 /, 76.77 /, 30.2 / GDP 6 442.9, 105.9 1.,
97,,,,,,,, ( ),,, 2000,,, ;,, ;,, ;,, ;, ;,,, ;, ;, ; ; 1949 11, ; 1950, 10, 78, 11, 1 436 ; 1958, 14, 136, 12 ; 1959,,,,,, 11, ; 1960 ; 1961, ; 1962,,, 12, 12, 293 ; 1967 ; 1977 ; 1983 ; 1984 12, ; 1988 2 9, 39, 209 ( 5 ), 5, ; 1994,, (),, 2 000,,,, ;
98, ;, 11 (),,, 1928 1, 1928 3,, 2., ;, 370,,,,,,,,, 194, 217 150, 260, 316, 350, 364, 216, 390,,,,, 3/ 4, ; 400
99,, 2 061 ;, 70.76 24 5326 50,,,,,,, 17.4, 1 452.1, 19.7, 2.22, 1.3,,, 2002 62%,, 3.,, 107 106,,, 1806 1803 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (), () ( ) ( ) (),,, 2002, 1.62, 99.19%,, 594, 11 ( ) 6, 130 921,, 2 595, 21 819, 53 587, 7 873, 16 550 ; 156 426, 95 898 6 153, 5 771 286 949, 284 699 5 318, 4 620,
100,, 100% (), 92.6% ; 13 051, 61.38, 59, 468, 53.6 ; 3.6, 5.4 ; 38.8 ; 51 ; 42 ; 35 269 6.8, 1995 20, 2,, IP 126/ 127/ 198/ 199 193 165, 1.,,,, 112, 7 90 ( 1996 1 ) 2 625.78, 2000, 2/ 3,, 155.25 32.26 16.57, ; 69.65 105.39,
101 ; 95.24, 13, 60 1.94, 340, 140, 1/ 4,,,,,, 3 633.97, 70% ;, 30 ; 550 470 /, ( ), 610, 19 11.3, 1/ 4 11 ( ),, 10%, 2.,, 1 5002 000,, 10 423, 160.6,
102 918, 207.08, 170, 140, 30% 2002, 107.6, 47, 21 ; 100 550, 45.5 ; 500 65, 30 8 (), 6, 81.2,, 82,, 2002 10 13,, 3.,,, 2002, 102.78, 68.5% ; 18.5, 9.6% ; 97.9, 62.3% ; 3 980,,, 59.97, 6.79, 100 385 1 700 17 33, 5 ; 28 182
103, 35, 36, 111 7, 3 1.,,,,, 2002, GDP 286.1, 11.2%, 1994 120.5%, 64.3 101.14 120.62, 3.3% 17.6% 10.8%, 1994 30.835.533.7 22.535.442.1GDP 6 243, 1994 115.7% 23.5, 17.4, 13.4% 19.2%, 1994 194.6% 209.3%, 3 1.54, 12.59, 40.8% 109% 6 170, 4 500, 49.8% 15.8% 97.09, 26.3%, 1994 347.4% 131.35, 11%, 1994 190% 227.23, 1994 163.13 ; 175.9, 1994 129.83 ; 3 850, 1994 2 787 99.3%, 98.8% 6 960, 14.8%, 1994 93.3% 2 595.6, 1994 158% 20.2, 1994 11.58 ; 30.3,
104 1994 8.06 2.01, 1994 0.5 ; 3.5%, 1994 0.3 2.,,,,, 2002, 15.6, 430, 4, 1 228, 40%,, 45% ( ) 500 45, 5 000 2, 70% 49% ;, 90%, 160, 29, 69%,, 109.3, 14.3%, GDP 42%, 68.42, 78% ; 8.76, 60% 40.1% ; 49.5% ; 998
105 3.,,, 2002, 21, 9.28, 9 090, 49 80 1995, 1 465 ; 61, 3, 58, 88.6%,, 5 1, 11 ( ) 9,,, 5,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 4. 2002, 329, 70 ( 14 ), ( ) 224 ( 82 ), ( ) 12, ( ) 11 13 121, 3 379,
106 1 900, 4 052, 1 254 10 590, 2 617, 4 865 21 300 () 11 ( ) 1. 99.13,, 92.46, 6.67 ; 370.23,, 350.43 ; 210.62,, 143.35, 22.7, 9.05, 8.42 22.32, 1994 1.43, 6.8% 53.09, 1994 10.76, 25.4%,, 33.43, 63% ; 5.69, 10.7% ; 13.97, 26.3%, 912, 21.41, 17.18 ;, 3 854 ;, 194.26, 48.77, 32 493,,
107, 480, 21,, 2. 2002, ( ) 359.63,, 100.21, 42.2% 72.1% 1990 53.67.529.63.8 51.86.237.84.4,, 20, ( 200, 5 000, 5 3, 800 ) 2 11.33 2.67 2.67 4.67 0.4 0.4 6.67 40 400, 2 000 46%, 64% 160, 10, 95% 70% 80%
108 1. 1949,, 946 50,, 2002, 472,,, 453 (7, 63 ), 154, 169, 15, 4 ;, 327 ( 70, 154, 95, 7, 1 ), 84, 16, 45, 80, 98 ; 70, 50, 20 ; 402, 184, 133, 85 ; 5, 9, 7, 11, 440 ( ) 114.3, 37% ; 42.2, 29.3 ; 13.3, 6.5 ;, 70% 2.,,,, 11 45, () 500,,
109 2, 5,, 600 / ( 2 000 / ),, 800, ;, 1.4,, 1 500, 3.5,,,, 60.9, ;, 2 30, 2003 ;,,, 18.5, 2 : ( 100 ) (, 60 ) ( ) 4 000 (, 7 ) (,, 300, 312mm ) ( 90, 140 )
110 :, 40,, 14 6, 11 36 ; ( ), 10, 15, ;,, 2,, 74% ;,,, 46, PVC :,, 120,, 20 /, 20 ;,, PVC, : ( ),,, 107,,, ( ) ( )
111 ( 10 ), PVC 100 1.,,,,,,,, 110,,, : 4A ; 4A ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; ; 2.,,, 1988 1 989
112 221 1 203 228 53 () 284, 669 124, 1 19 105 16, : ; ; ; ; ;, 26,,,, 3. 1995, 20,, 19 20, 1.5 2000,,,,,, 20% 1994 35 2002 440.3, 11.6 ; 1994 1.5 2002 20.8, 12.9 1995 2002 7, 1 947.7, 83.4, 9 3, GDP 2000 5.3% 2002 7.3%,
113 1.,,,,,, 2001 5,, 20,,,,, 3 ( 7 ), 7, 2, 2 570, 135, 13 2002, 215, 2 638, 1 150, 18, 12, 11, 12, 14, 4, 186, 1 3 500, 0.68
114 2. 2002, 1 817, 5, 1950 4, 1959 20, 1989,, 5.5, 5 1952 50,, ( ) 131, 937, ( ) 238, () 232 ;, 6 000 ; 30, 92.48%, 91.83% 3. 20 80 2002, ( ) 3 038,, 114, 2 489, 311, 63, 52 ; 5, 3, 2 ; 4 267, 5.9 80.8, 39.49, 27.77, 5.78, 1.12 ; 4.98, 2.3, 1.76, 3 863, 1 109 1998,,,,,,,
115 1984, 4 1984 1987,,, ( ) ( ), 1988 1990,, ( ),, (, ),, 1991 1994,,,,, 1993 1998,,,,, 10, 18 ;, ;,, 2003,,,, 10, 36.5 ; 15 2, 9 27, 3 ;
116 507, 53, 202 ; 8 100, 95%, 2002, 0.4, 2.27, 1.14 ; 100%, 0.5% ; 100% 99%, 3% 1., (1),,, (,, ),, 5 (,, ;,, ;,, ;,, ;,, ) ;,,,, () ; 10,
117, 10,,, (2) 2020,, GDP1 275, GDP3 000, 8.9%, 2005 GDP382, GDP8 250, 10.5% ; 2010 GDP600, GDP12 400, 9.5%, 104545, ; 95, 71, 9%, 513, 11%, GDP 40% ; 60%, 1 ; 25%, 0.5, 27, 15%, 17% 500, 10.5%,, 35%, 70%,, 70% 6%,, 55% 20 500, 8 500, 6.5% ; 0.5, 10%, 75 ;,, 5%
118 2., (1), ( ) : 58,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, ;, 998 ( ), PVC,, 3 15 1, 10 3 3 000 1 000,,
119 20, 58,, 107 ;,,, 1.5, 7, 70% (2),,,,,,,,,,,,, 4,,,,,,, (3),,,,,,,
120,,,,,,,, (4),,, 107, ( ), ( ), 4 (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (5),,,,,,,,
121,,,,,,, (6), :,,, 2010, 2020,, ;, ( ), 400, 150, 250 500 220,, 100%, 80%,, (7),,, ( ),,,,,, ;, ;, ;, ;
122,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, 1 2002 ( ) 190.2 ( ) 38.2 ( ) 155.9 ( ) 35.7 ( ) 45 405 ( ) 1.2 ( ) 28 174 ( ) 0.5 ( ) 66 189 ( ) 7.5 ( ) 1 806 ( ) 1 227.1
123 2 2002 ( ) 504.9 ( ) 263.9 ( ) 41.9 ( ) 4.15 ( ) 4.9 () 17 913 ( ) - ( ) 10.58 ( ) 101 433 ( ) 253 843 ( ) 4.7 ( ) 42.59 ( ) 28.12 ( ) 6 741.8 ( ) 831 () 7.5 ( ) 2 020 ( ) 5.24 ( ) 16.7 ( ) 1.5 ( ) 312.4 ( ) 1 238.2 (, ;, )
,, ( ) 13 [ 1],, 30, 57,, 2002 10 500,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,
127,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, 20 90,, 1 1 7 33 2002 11,,,,, 11 21 23,,,, [2 ] 2002 8 20,,,,,
128,,,,,,, ( ), 7,, ( ),, ;,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 3 ],,,,, :,, ;, 30%,,
129 ;,,,,,,, 3 000,, 3, 9, 700, 61, 47, 10 17 2 23,, [ 4 ],,,,,,,, [5 ],
130,,,,,, : [1],.. : [2].., 2002.11.25 [3] 8 20., 2002 (23) [4].., 2002.11.21 [5].., 2002.11.22 (, )
,,, ;, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,, [1 ],,,,,,, :
132,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 2 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ;,,, ;,
133,,,,, ;,, :, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,?,, [ 3 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,
134,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
135,,,,,,,,, 2002, 8 20, 11 23, 2003 2 8 9,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,
136,, ;,,,,,, ;, 1993 2002,, 40, 7,, 20,, [ 4 ],,, [5 ], [ 6 ],,,,,,,,,,,
137, ;, [ 7 ] ;, ;, ;, ; ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
138,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
139,,,,,,,,,,,,, [8 ],,, ;,,,, ;,,,,,, [9 ], ;,,,,,
140 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2002 GDP : 8 528, 3 886, 6 265; 7 997, 34 295 [10 ] GDP 38!,,!,,,,, ;,,,,,,, [11] ;,,,,, ;, ;, :
141 [1] [ 2] [3]., 2003.3.28 [4] [5] [ 6] [8 ] [ 11]. ( )., 2002.11.19 [7] [ 9].., 2003.13 [10] ( 2002 ), ( 2003 ), 2002 (,, )
,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,, ;, 1.,
143,, 2000 80,, 20, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,,,, 1978, 1992,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,
144 2. ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
145, 2002 11 23 :,,,,,,, ;,, :,,?,?,,,,,,, 242 :,, 1131 : 2 :, 1 2 :,, 4 6 4,,,,
146,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,, :,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,
147,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,
148 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
149,,,,, : ; 3., ;,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,
150,,,,, (, ;, )
1.,,,,,,,,, 2. 2020, GDP 4 000,, : 2010 GDP 2 000,, ;, 2020, GDP, 4 000, 20012020 : 2001 GDP 2010 GDP 2020 GDP 878 2 200 4 400 450 1 800 3 600 705 2 200 4 400 677 2 066 4 133
152 3. (1),, ; ;,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (2),,,, :,,,,,,, GDP,,,,,,
153,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, 15,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
154,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.55.5, 2003 46, 2004 37,,, 5 6 29,,,, :,,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,, +,
155,,, ;, ;,,, [ 1],,,, (3),,,,, ; ; ; [ 2 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,, :
156,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 2003 2007, 3 500,,, ( ) [ 3 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
157,,,, [ 4 ], ;, ; :, ; ;, [ 5 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
158,, 1. 80,,,,, 20, [6 ],, 90,, 20,, 70%,, 20 80 20 90 GDP 20 90 151 2001 6 1 GDP ( ) 1990 1995 1998 2001 13 092.4 22 990.0 25 366.4 24 181.5 866.7 2 192.6 3 129.4 4 000 / 151 101 81 61 ( : 1992/ 1997/ 2000/ 2002),
159, 20 80 90, 20 80 90 GDP 866.7, 2001 GDP 677 ( 878, 705, 450), 20 80 10, GDP 4 000, 5 ( 2007 ), 20 90, 13 ( 4 000 ), 10,,, 4-5 10, 4-5,,,,, 20 80,,,, 20 90,,,,,,,,,,,,
160,, ( ),, 2. (1), 60%, ;, 10 ;, ; (2), 20 6070,,,,,,,,,,,, (3),,,,,,,
161, (4),,, 1/ 3 1/ 2; 1/ 2 50 60,, 30%, 50%, 20%, (5),,,, 3.,,,,,,, 36.529.633.9,,,, GDP, 51.8% 93.2% 69.4%, 17.3% 7.9%,, 201.48 333.87 666.91, 2001 49.3% 60.6% 68.4% 35.6% 26.7% 18.4%, 37.7%,,
162,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20, : [1 ]. WTO., 2003 (1 ) [2],.., 2003.1.9 [3] [4] [5].., 2003.1.16 [6]. :., 2000, 20 (1 ) (,, )
20 70, 20,,, 34,,, 2002, 20, 30, 10,, 2003 3,, ;,,,, ;,,,
164,,, 2000 6 29, ;,,, 6 9, 2003 1 18,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,, 2002,
165 8 987, 106107323,,,,, 364, 254, 3 574, 95, 299, 2.,,,,,,,,, 106323, 3. 20,, 2001 219.4, 75.8, 76.75,, 93.84, 63.06,,, ( ), 4.,,,
166,,, 2 000, 7.5,,,, 1.,,,,,,,, 107,, 206323,,, 2.,,,,,,
167,, 3.,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,
168, 106 ;,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,
169,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ;, )
,,, 1.,, :,,,,,, 49,, 23 ; 64,,, ; 70,,,,,,,
171, 3, 7, 8, 30,, 2 300, 30, 300,,,, 2.,,,,,, 2001 312.6, 42.6 ( 50% ), 2002 818.5, 418.3 (70% ), 455.5, 250.2 (62% ), : 2001 GDP 300,, 60% 70%, GDP 20% 33%,,,, GDP 20%, 30%, 10%,,, 50%, 67.5%,,,
172, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, :
173, ;, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,,, (1),,,,,,,, ), ( ( ),,,
174, [ 1 ],,, (2),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 2 ],,, (3),,,,,,,,,,
175, (4),,,,,,, :,,,,,,, :,,,,, [ 3 ],,, [4 ],,, ( ),, : [1] [ 3],.., 2002, 20 ( 6) [2].., 2003, (3) [4].., 2003.2 (, )
2002 1 590.4 7.72, 206 /, GDP 5 220,,, WTO,,,,,, 1. (1) 19952002 8, ( 1 ), 8,,
177 1 ( % ) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 73.9 70.4 67.4 68.5 67.1 65.5 64.3 63 3.3 54.3 53.3 52 50 49.5 46.4 44.3 43.4 3.8 59.5 59.6 59.8 60.7 61.4 59 58.2 59.4 0.9 (2) 19952002 8,, ( 2 ), 19951997 ; 19981999,, ;,, 2 ( % ) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 9.1 11.7 13.9 10.9 10.1 10.7 10.8 10.7 1.3 20.7 20.9 20.5 20.1 18.1 18.3 19.8 19.7 1.0 17.6 17.5 16.9 14.3 11.9 11.7 11.4 10.6 2.8 (3) 19952002 8, ( 3),, 3 ( % ) 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 17 17.9 18.4 20.6 22.8 23.8 24.9 26.3 3.3 25.1 23.8 27.5 28.1 29.2 31.6 32.5 33.6 3.3
178 22.9 23 23.3 25 26.7 29.3 30.4 30.1 3.0 2. 19782002 24, ( 4 ),, 2002 ;,, ;, 2002, ;,, 4 ( % ) 1978 66.9 8.2 14.6 1.7 1985 55.8 7.2 26.2 4.0 1990 53.6 7.5 29.6 3.8 1995 52.6 6.9 37.4 3.1 2000 49.8 6.3 39.4 4.5 2002 51.8 6.2 37.8 4.4 1978 79.8 9.0 10.5 0.8 1985 73.2 9.0 16.1 1.7 1990 58.4 14.2 22.6 4.9 1995 57.9 13.1 19.9 9.1 2000 64.6 6.1 22.6 8.4 2002 63.6 5.0 17.5 8.8 1978 74.4 9.8 14.1 1.7 1985 65.3 10.6 21.3 2.9 1990 59.9 8.7 27.7 3.7 1995 50.7 5.6 37.3 6.4 2000 46.5 5.8 37.3 10.5 2002 45.7 6.2 36.6 11.9 3.
179, 19782002 ( 5 ) [ 1 ], 24 113.55%,, (503.9% )(311.57% ),, 258.9% 258.8%,, ;, 5 19781985 83.4 87.8 179.5 235.3 79.14 19851990 96.1 104.2 113.0 95.0 7.53 19901995 98.1 92.0 126.4 81.6 33.21 19952000 94.7 91.3 105.3 145.2 23.32 20002002 104.0 98.4 95.9 97.8 3.17 19782002 74.4 75.6 258.9 258.8 113.55 19781985 91.8 100 153.3 212.5 62.4 19851990 79.8 157.8 140.4 288.2 101 19901995 99.1 92.3 88.1 185.7 43.4 19952000 111.6 46.6 104.5 92.3 27.7 20002002 98.5 82.0 108.7 104.8 10.3 19782002 79.8 55.6 215.2 1 100 503.9 19781985 87.8 108.2 151.1 170.6 44.19 19851990 91.7 82.1 130 127.6 22.64 19901995 84.6 64.4 134.7 173.0 44.83 19952000 91.7 103.6 100 164.1 32.37 20002002 98.3 106.9 98.1 113.3 7.60 19782002 61.4 63.3 259.6 700 311.57
180 1., 456, 1.94, 98.2, [ 2 ] 28.9% 25.3%31.1%,,, : GDP, 1995 1999 2000 2001 GDP ( 6 ), GDP 20% 6 1995 1999 2000 2001 ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) ( ) ( % ) 362 327 30.97 590 946 28.46 607 540 26.21 628 999 24.46 384 162 32.84 630 687 30.38 744 848 32.15 863 420 33.58 423 373 36.19 854 698 41.16 964 206 41.64 1 078 702 41.95,,,,, 1995 1999 2000 2001, 52.66.937.43.1; 51.6 6.337.44.7; 49.86.339.44.5; 49.46.639.24.8 50%,, 2001 ( ) 336.2156.39,
181 2. () () 11 ( ),,,,, 2001, ( 7 8 9 ) : 7 ( ) ( ) 28. 84 34. 17 77. 8 55.52 63. 66 33. 87 31.39 36. 7 17. 09 39.82 36. 59 ( ) 10. 4 17. 46 44. 11 26.08 29. 02 16. 21 13. 9 19. 62 11. 55 23.31 19. 76 GDP ( ) 432 461 271 706 383 942 236 169 296 873 168 062 157 689 143 843 46 116 123 375 296 985 ( ) 31 387 44 093 121 328 64 325 77 654 53 024 45 532 42 182 16 075 65 259 68 621 ( ) 217 272 108 912 118 775 54 838 101 412 44 013 60 901 49 089 11 205 21 196 119 286 ( ) 183 802 118 701 143 839 117 006 117 807 71 025 51 256 52 572 18 836 36 920 109 078 GDP ( % ) GDP ( % ) GDP ( % ) 7. 3 16.2 31. 6 27. 2 26.2 31. 6 28. 9 29. 3 34. 9 52.9 23. 1 50. 2 40.1 30. 9 23. 2 34.2 26. 2 38. 6 34. 1 24. 3 17.2 40. 2 42. 5 43.7 37. 5 49. 5 39.7 42. 3 32. 5 36. 5 40. 8 29.9 36. 7 ( ) 3 085 3 035 2 743 1 991 2 787 2 821 2 687 1 446 1 282 1 853 3 088 8 () ( ) 50 629 71 903 182 092 98 052 126 146 86 641 70 045 64 017 24 036 103 124 104 981 ( ) 25 178 27 548 115 209 47 979 56 596 40 437 37 437 30 753 12 472 52 990 38 465 ( ) 3 312 6 524 8 280 3 578 6 704 3 172 3 670 7 405 2 466 4 365 15 742 ( ) 20 228 33 074 52 072 43 018 54 460 41 336 26 890 25 182 8 670 40 791 39 399 ( ) 1 911 4 757 6 531 3 477 8 386 1 696 2 048 677 428 4 978 11 375 ( % ) ( % ) ( % ) 49. 7 38.3 63. 3 48. 9 44.9 46. 7 53. 4 48. 0 51. 9 51.4 36. 6 6. 5 9. 1 4. 5 3.6 5. 3 3. 7 5.2 11. 6 10. 3 4.2 15. 0 40. 0 46.0 28. 6 43. 9 43.2 47. 7 38. 4 39. 3 36. 1 39.6 37. 5 : ( % ) 3. 8 6. 6 3. 6 3.5 6. 6 2. 0 2.9 1. 1 1. 8 4.8 10. 8 ( )
182 9 ( ) ( A) ( ) 255 916 285 328 568 791 387 238 420 282 264 201 313 956 185 165 62 845 215 297 314 877 ( ) 50 629 71 903 182 092 98 052 126 146 86 641 70 045 64 017 24 036 103 124 104 981 ( ) 140 121 155 127 225 866 154 781 217 685 105 083 167 116 87 648 22 538 57 183 143 842 ( ) 17 272 14 446 23 320 25 230 22 503 11 409 14 613 11 160 4 818 15 660 33 866 ( ) 18 416 13 664 36 180 51 689 23 876 28 556 38 268 12 615 4 935 26 906 16 246 ( ) 29 478 30 188 101 333 57 486 30 072 32 512 23 914 9 725 6 518 12 424 15 942 A ( % ) A ( % ) A ( % ) A ( % ) 19. 8 25.2 32. 0 25. 3 30.0 32. 8 22. 3 34. 6 38. 2 47.9 33. 3 54. 8 54.4 39. 7 40. 0 51.8 39. 8 53. 2 47. 3 35. 9 26.6 45. 7 6. 7 5. 1 4. 1 6.5 5. 4 4. 3 4.7 6. 0 7. 7 7.3 10. 8 7. 2 4. 8 6. 4 13. 3 5. 7 10. 8 12. 2 6. 8 7. 9 12.5 5. 2 A ( % ) 11. 5 10.6 17. 8 14. 8 7. 2 12. 3 7.6 5. 3 10. 4 5.8 5. 1 : (1) A ; (2 ) ( ) :, GDP,, 53%,, ( ),, 60%,, 11%, 5%, 10%, () 1% 5%, ( ), 50%, 20%
183,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 1. (1),,, ( ),,, ;,,,,,,,,, (2), 2002, 63.0% 43.4% 59.4% ; 10.7% 19.7% 10.6% ; 26.3% 33.6% 30.1% 2001, 64.3%,,,,
184 ;,, ;,, :,, (3),,,,,, ;,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
185 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, + + +,,,, 4.,,
186,,, ; ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : [1],.., 2001.5 [2]. 2002., 2002. 7 (,,,, ;,, )
,,,, 20,, 2%,,,,?,,,,,,, 2002, 49.6 96.29
188 63.99 ; 3 782 2 191 2 579 [1 ],,,,,,,,,,,,, 60% 80% ; 42%,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
189,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2002, 1.44 0.89 0.45,
190,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
191,,,,,,,,, 20 60, 80,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ; ;
192,,,,,, 0.37% 1.0%, 50%, ( 1.12% ), (2% 4% ), 3, 1996, 27, 3 80, 1%, (454 ) 17.6% [ 2 ] WTO,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
193, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,, : [1] 2002 [2],. [ J/ OL]. http: / / www.usc. cuhk. edu.hk (, ;, )
,, 10%,,,, :,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,
195,,,,,, 0.10.21,, 50%, 60%, 10%,,,,,,,,,, 2., 20,,,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
196 4.,,, ;,,,,,,, : 1.,, ;,,,, 21,,,,,,
197,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, 2.,,,,,,, 88.3% 20% 30%, 50%,, A AA,, [1 ],,
198,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,
199,, CB, [ 2 ],,,,,,,,, 4.,, 200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : [3 ],,,,,
200, ;,, 5.,,, 200,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6.,,
201 1.6,,,,,,, ; ; ;,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
202,,,,, ;,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 3.,,,,, ;, ()
203, +,,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 85%,,,,,,
204 5.,,,,,, ISO9000 HACCP,,,,,,,,, 6.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
205, 7.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,
206 : [1].., 1998 (1 ) [2 ].., 2001 (6 ) [3],.., 2001 (4) (,, ;,,, ;,, )
1.,,, (1),, 150,, 17 22,,,, (2), 75%, 70%,,,,,,, (3),
208 0.47,, 70%,,, 2. (1),,,, : ;,,, ; ; ; ; ( 55% ), ;, ;, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,
209,,,, (2), (5% ),,, WTO,,, 2002,, ;,, ;,,,,, 1. ( ),,,
210,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,, 3.,,,,
211,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,, + + +,
212,, 5.,,,,,,, + +,,, ) (,
,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2000 1 253.38,, 60.4% [1 ] 30%, [ 2 ],, [ 3 ],,
214,,,,,,, 20,,,,,?,,,,,,,, (1),,,,,, ( ), 60%,,, 50%, [ 4 ]
215,,,,, 12,,,, 50 100 200300 (2), 34, 1.151.5,,,,, 1, 3 000 4 000,, [5 ],, 35,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,
216,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 1 0003 000,,,,,,,,,, (3),, [ 6 ],,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,
217, [7 ] (1) :,,, 40 1 ( 2) :,,, ; (3 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ; :,,
218 [ 8 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 20 70,, [ 9 ],,,,,,,,,,,
219,,,,,, ( ),,,, : [1].., 2003 [2].., 2001 (9 ) [3].,., 2000, 32 (3 ) [4]. : WTO..., 2002 [5]..
220, 2003 (2 ) [6].., 2001 (1 ) [7].., 2002, 4 (2 ) [8].., 2002, 18 (10 ) [9].., 2001, 28 (1 ) (, )
21,,, 1%,,,,,,, 2001 2002 100 2003 5, 3, 10, 5 10,,,,,
222,,,, WTO,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, 60% 21, :,,,,,,
21 223 20 80,, 10,,, ;, ;, 20 90,,,,,,,, WTO,,, :,,, 21,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
224,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (,, ;, )
, ( ),, 200, 950, 3 100 ( ) ; 50, 110, 250 ( ) [ 1 ], 20 60, [ 2 ], [3 ], 1. 1998, [ 4],, 40, 20, 20 2.,, 500
226, 80 196, 3.,,, 920,, 4.,, ( ), 580,, 5.,, 120,, ( ) 6., 780, 140, 350, 7. 150, 30, 48,
227 8.,, 240, 4,, ; 7, 17, 25.7, 3.3%,,, 3 200, 40,,, 1.,,, 2.,,,,,,, 3.,,,
228, 4.,,,,,, 1980 (WCS ),, (1 ) ; (2) ; ( 3), : (1), ; (2), ; (3) ; (4) ; (5) ; ( 6) ; (7),,,,,,,,,,,,
229 : [1]..., 1987 [2]. ( )., 1960. [3].., 1994 [4].., 1999 (, ;, )
,,,, 3, 7, 8, 30, 1. : 4A,, 500,,,,,,
231,,, 37,, 2. :,,,, 2000,,,,,,,,, ;, 3. :,,
232,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : ( ),,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,
233 (1),,, (2),,,,,, (3), : (4),,,, ;, (5),,,,,,,,,,,,,,
234 : (1),,, (2),,, (3),,,,,,,, : / / / / / / ( ) / / 107 106 1813 (), /
235,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) (, )
,,,,, 2001,,,,,,,,,,,, 16, [ 1] ; ; ;
237 2000,,,, ;, ;,,,,,,,, 1 ( ), 1, 9, 5, 49 77% [ 2 ] 110,, [3 ], 4C, 747,,,,, 105206319323, 106107,,, ;,,
238 1.,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 4 ], 2.,,,, 7 000,,,,,,,,,,,, 1998, 2, 100 [5 ] 3.,,,,,,
239,,, [ 6 ],,,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
240,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
241,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; 911,,,,,,,! : [1].., 2001 (4) [2]..2002.11.23 () [3 ]..2002.11.23 () [4].., 2003 (1) [5].., 2001 (3 ) [6].. ( ), 1994 (3) (, )
,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,, : = + - ( ) 1.,, 50,, 61%,, 32% ; 18, 16, 18,
243 9,,,, ; 17, 6,,,, ; 13, 3,, 2. (1),, 4 3 2, 14, 21, 14 ;, (2),,, ( ),,,,,,,, (3),,,, :,,,, 3.,,,
244,,,,,,,, ( ) 1. 2002 450, 20.01, 2/ 3,, 2002 440.3, 20.78 2003 8.9,, 5.8, 0.31, 50%, 50% 2002 4.99,,,,, 2., : (2002 ) ( ) ( ) GDP ( ) 7 2 837.7 7 829.7 3 363 4 1 955.64 1 814.93 1 139 310.93 236.01 924 458.24 286.2 763 807.73 308.04 438
245 :,, ( 7 ),,,,,,, ;, ( ),,,, 1.,,,,, ;,, 34 ( ) ;,
246, ;, 323 2.,,,, 1 40, 40, 1 ;, 30, 3, 107,,,,,, (),,,,,, :,, ;,,, ;,,,, 107, 107 60,,
247 107,,, ;, ;,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, :,,,,, 57,,,,,,,,,
248 ( ) ; ( ) ;,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, :
249,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,, (, )
18, 3.9, 1/ 4,,,,, 18,, 2004, ( ),,,, : ;, ;, ;, ;,,,, 8, 42, 106,
251,,,,, :,,,,, :,,, ; ;, ;, ( 10% ) ;, ( 80%, ) ;, ;, 1., : :,
252, : ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 600 :, : ( ), :, :,,,,,,,, 2. :,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ),, ;, ; (, ) 3. :
253 ( ),,,, 4. :,,,,, 5. / : :, 1., 2. :,, ; :, ; : ( ), ; :, ; :
254, ; : 3., 2004,, 4.,,,,,, 5., (, ;, )
, : 1.,,,,,, 2.,, 3.,,, ( )
256 15 6 34 3 11 9 10 31 21 15 6 3 4 1 2 1 3 4 1 3 6 7 27 5 6 2 3 13 7 8 27 16 65 9 19 12 16 48 29 26 4.,,,,,,,, 5.,, ( ), 6.,,,,,,,
257, : 1.,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,, 3., 16,,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,
258 5.,,,,, : ; ; ;, ; ; ; 6.,,,,,,,, 7.,,,,, 8.,,, 9.,,
259,, (, )
,,,,,, : ; ; ; ;,,,,,, 80%,, 17 21.6, 1 400
261 2 200, 70%,, 60%,, 700, 100,,,,,, ( ) : 1., 13,, 2. 83 ( ), ;,,,,,, ;,, 40005000 3.,,,
262 (), ; ; ;, ( ) ( ), (1974, ),,, (, 401 381 ) ( ),,,,,,, 4., 50,, 214,,, ;, 50,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
263,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ),,, ;,,,,,,,, : (1),
264 (2),, (3),,,,, (4),,,,,,,,,, ( 93 :,,,, ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,
265,,,,, 50 ( ),,,, ; (,, 342, ),,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,, (,
266 ), ( ) (, ),, ;,,,,,,, ( ), 22:, :,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,, 18,
267,, 1, (),,,, ( ) ; ; ;,,,,,,, ( ) ( ), ( )( 12 ) (),, (, )
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1),,, (2),,,,,
269, (3),,,,, (4) 5, 3, 5, 5 : ( ( ( ) () ( () () ) (() ) ( ) ) ) 45 175 1 100 660 255 22 000 80 6 000 53 40 98 919 507 258 8 100 65 3 000 36 45 134 1 500 760 360 19 000 85 8 000 65 45 133 900 570 280 17 000 83 10 000 32 62 67 1 100 600 200 5 000 18 3 400 9
270 : (1 ) 40,,, (2),, (3 ) 10,,,,, : (1),,,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,,,,,, : (1),
271,,,,,, [ 1],,,,, (2),,,,,,,, : ; ( ) ; ( ) ( ), ( ),,, (3),,,, ;,,, ;, ;,,,,,
272,,,,,,,,,, (4),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,, : ;,,,,, ;,, ;, (5),,,,,,,, (6),
273,,,,,,,,,, [2 ],,,,, [3 ],, : [1].., 2002 (3 ) [2].., 2002 (1 ) [3].., 2001 (10) (, )
,,,,,, 2002 11,,,, 45, 11 8, 2003 8 23,,,,,,,,, 10,,,! ;
275 ;,,,!,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 11 8 45,,! 2003 9 25