1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 SI SI
1-1 (science) (chemistry) (observation)(evaluation) (experimentation) (description)
(hypothesis) 1. 2. 3.
(phase)(solid phase) (liquid phase)(phase change) (information)(data) (regularities)(hypothesis) (theory) (reliability)(certainty)
(law) (theory) 1-2 (material)(matter) (Homogeneous Matter)
() (Pure Substance) (allotropes) () (Solution) (gaseous solution)(liquid solution)(solid solution) (Heterogeneous Matter) (mixture) (phase) (interface)
1-3 (Element) 118 (technetium, Te)(promethium, Pm)(francium, Fr) (astatine, At) 92 (transuranium elements) 26 81 (symbol) (Jons Berzelius) 1800 1-1(tungsten) Wwolfram 20 1-2
1-1 Antimony Stibium Sb Copper Cuprum Cu Gold Aurum Au Iron Ferrum Fe Lead Plumbum Pb Mercury Hydrargyrum Hg Potassium Kalium K Silver Argentum Ag Soldium Natrium Na Tin Stannum Sn 1-2 20 25 C (H) 1 (H 2 ) H 2 (He) 2 (He) (Li) 3 LiH (Be) 4 BeH 2 (B) 5 B 2 H 6 (C) 6 CH 4 (N) 7 (N 2 ) NH 3 (O) 8 (O 2 ) H 2 O (F) 9 (F 2 ) HF (Ne) 10 (Ne) (Na) 11 NaH (Mg) 12 MgH 2 (Al) 13 AlH 3 (Si) 14 SiH 4 (P) 15 PH 3 (S) 16 H 2 S (Cl) 17 (Cl 2 ) HCl (Ar) 18 (Ar) (K) 19 KH (Ca) 20 CaH 2
(Compound) (compounds) (1) (organic compounds) COCO 2 CO 2 3 CS 2 CN (2)(inorganic compounds) (chemical formula) (molecular formula) NaCl H 2 O Ca(OH) 2 Na 2 CO 3 10H 2 O (structural formula) H 2 O (chemical bond)
(ball-and-stick model) (ball-and-spring model)(space-filling model) H 2 H 2 O NH 3 1-1 1-1 H 2 H 2 O NH 3 () 1. (binary compound) (1) (2) -ide NaBr sodium bromide Ag 2 S silver sulfide CaF 2 calcium fluoride AlCl 3 aluminum chloride
2. (1) A. B. mono- di- tri- tetra penta-hexa- CO carbon monoxide CO 2 carbon dioxide N 2 O 3 dinitrogen trioxide NO nitrogen monoxide (2) A. ( ) III IIIIVVVIVII B. N 2 O 3 (III) nitrogen (III) oxide NO 2 (IV) nitrogen (IV) oxide FeCl 2 (II) iron (II) chloride FeCl 3 (III) iron (III) chloride (3) A. B. -ic-ous
FeCl 3 ferric chloride FeCl 2 ferrous chloride SnO stannous oxide SnO 2 stannic oxide Cu 2 S cuprous sulfide CuS cupric sulfide 1-4 (physical change) (phase) 1-3 1-3
(chemical change) (chemical reaction) (exothermic reaction)(endothermic reaction) 1-5 (The Law of Conservation of Mass) 15mL (The Law of Conservation of Energy) (The Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy) (A. Einstein) 1905 E= mc 2
E (erg)m c 10 3 10 cm/sec 20 20 1 9 10 erg 9 10 erg 1 1-6 (uncertainty) 5 5 1-2 3.2 3.24 1-2 (1) (2) (1) 3.2in(2) 3.24in
(determinate errors)(systematic errors)(random errors)(accidental errors) () 1. (instrumental errors) 2. (personal errors) 1-3 3. (methodic errors) MnO2(s) + 4HCl(aq) MnCl2(s) + 2H2 O(l) + Cl2(g) 1-3
() 1-7 (significant figures) 1-4 31 C 31 C 30.9 C 30.8 C 31.0 C 309 30.92 C30.91 C 30.95 C 30.9 C 30.9225 C 30.91 C 30.9 C 30.9 C 30.92 C30.9225 C 25 1-4
() 1~9 5.34 294.6 cm 30.92 76.813 1. (1) 0.096 0.00003 0.3 2 1 1 (2) 1003 70.204 4 5 (3) 0.6900 50.000 4 5 (4) 3600 2 3 4 1-1 (1)57 (2)82.9 (3)340 (4)10.000 (5)0.000002 (6)0.0402 (7)0.04020 (1) 57 2 (2) 82.9 3 (3) 340 2 3 (4) 10.000 5 (5) 0.000002 1 (6) 0.0402 3 (7) 0.04020 4
1. (1) (2) 4 6 5 A. 5 5 5 384500 3.84 10 385500 3.86 10 B. 5 5 384601 3.85 10 2. 12.43 0.0035457 0.642 = 0.028294898742 12.4 0.00355 0.642 12.4 0.00355 = 0.04402 0.0283
1-2 (1) 0.0097 + 0.563 (2) 14 0.072 (3) 57.243 0.0361 (4) 36872 425 0.634 734.6 3.20 (1) 0.0097 0.010 + 0.563 + 0.563 0.573 (2) 14 14 0.072 0 14 (3) 57.2430.0361 57.20.0361 =2.06492=2.06 (4) 36872 425 0.634 734.6 3.20 36900 425 0.634 =4227.3403 735 3.20 =4230 ± 0.01 ± 0.01g 2.31g 2.31± 0.01g 2310 ± 10mg 2.312g 2.3g x,y Δx, Δy x,y (x ±Δ x) ± (y ±Δ y) = (x ± y) ± ( Δ x +Δ y)
1-3 0.2 C 9.3 C 38.5 C (x ±Δ x) ± (y ±Δ y) = (38.5 ± 0.2) (9.3 ± 0.2) = (38.5 9.3) ± (0.2 + 0.2) = 29.2 ± 0.4 C 1-4 (1) (1500 ± 10) + (481± 1) (2) (21.2 ± 0.5) (20.8 ± 0.5) (1) + 1500 ± 10 481± 1 1981± 11 1980 ± 10 (2) 21.2 ± 0.5 20.8 ± 0.5 0.4± 1.0 0± 1