2003 / / / / / 0 / / ht tp :/ / / ( 00 ) / / / / ( 00 ) / / ( 00 ) / / / / / 6 / 8 / 565 /

2003 /

2003 / / / / / 0 / 00005 / ht tp :/ / www.ssdph.com.cn / ( 00 )6540868 / / / / ( 00 )653996 6539963 / / ( 00 )65285539 / / / / 787 092 / 6 / 8 / 565 / 2003 5 / 2003 5 / / 25.00 ISBN 7-8049 - 908-5/ F 323,

2003 2003, : :,, 2003 :,, : :, : ( ),, ( ),, ( ), 2003 7,,, 2003 4

9 32 49 73 98 3 26 37 60 72 84 202 209 225 239 25

,, : 2002 9. 34 % ; 200 9. 27 % ; 2000 7. 66 % ; 999 5. 34% :, ;,,,, ;,,,,,, 2002,,,,,,,,,,,, 60,,,,, 2002,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;, 5, ( ) :, ;, ;, ;, ;,,,,, ( ),,,, 55%,, (,

2 ),,,,, :.,, 2.,, 3. ; ; ; ( ) 999 5 20 0 20 5 5 40 55 4 20 3 25 7 45 47 00 2000 3 3 7 4 7 7 27 34 4 24 3 42 7 66 34 00 200 5 5 5 0 5 5 35 40 4 24 3 36 7 60 42 00 2002 5 5 5 0 5 5 35 40 4 32 2 28 6 60 4 00 ;, 40, 40 % 60 % 7 6,, 60,

3 ( ) 2 999 2000 200 2002 3 4 2 999 5 2 2 2 2 7 2000 200 2002 3 3. 8 8 8 2 6 6 4/ 5 999 2000 200 2002 2. 75 2 3/ 4 0 999 0 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 2000 200 6 5 9 5 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 2002 4. 6 0 2 2 2 3/ 5 5 999 5 3 2 2 2 8 2000 200 2002 3 2. 2 2 2 0. 5. 2 9. 5 0 2 999 5 9 2 2 2 6 2000 200 2002 3 4 2 8 0 9 2 6 6 8 999 6 8 2 2 2 4 2 2 2000 200 2 4 3 0 2 2 6 2002 2. 2 3. 5 / 5. 5 999 6 6 2000 200 3 8 6 2002 2 3 2 999 3 7 5 2000 4 29 2 6 20 200 2002 2 3. 5 2 6 2 2 0. 5 3

4 999 3 4 2 2000 200 3 8 6 2002 2 2 999 2 3 2 2000 200 3 4 2 2002 3 4 2 999 5 2 5 2000 200 3 5 4 5 2 2 3 3 2002 5 2 2 2 2 2 8 999 2000 200 2002 999 2000 200 5 7 2 2 2 2 2002 4 5 2 2 2 999 2 3 2 2000 200 3 4 2 2002 2 2 2,,,, ( ).,, ( ) ;, 2., 3.,, 4.,

5 2003 ( )., 2., 3.,, ( ). 40 40%, 60 %, 4, 2 2., 2003 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2003

,. 5, ( 2003,,,,,,, ) - 2002 2 3 4 200 2000 999 ( )., ( ) (2002 ) A. B. C. D. C,,,, 2. ( ) (999 ) A. B. C. D. C,

2 ( ), ( ) (2002 ) A., B. C. D. A B,,, ( ), ( ) (2002 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;, ; ; ; ; 2 ( ) : ; ; ( ). ( ) ( 2), :,, ;,,,, ;,, ;, ( ),,, 2. ( )

3 ( ),,,, 3. 4. ( ) ; ; ( ), - 2,,,, ( ),,,,,,, ; ;,,,,,,

4-2 ( ),,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

5 ( ),, : = + + ( ) ( 2),,,, ( 3) ( ) [ ], ( ) A. B. C. D. B,,,, ( ) [ ] ( ) A. B. C. D. A B C D [ 2] ( ) A. B. C. D. A B C D [ ] [ 3] ( ) A. B. C. D. A B C D [ ] ( ) [ ], ( ),, :, ;,

6 [ 2],,, ( ),,,,,,,,, [ 3],, ( ),, ( )., ( ) A. B. C. D. 2., ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. 000, 300,, 300, ( ) A. B. C. D. 4., ( ) A. B. C. D. 5. ( ) A. B. C. D. ( )., ( ) A. B. C. D. 2. ( ) A. B. C. D. 3. ( ) A. B. C.,, D.,,

7 E., 4., ( ) A. B. C. D. E. 5., ( ) A. B. C. D., ( ). ( ) 2. ( ) 3., ( ) 4., ( ) 5., ( ) ( ). C,, 2. D, 3. B, 4. B,,,, 5. C, ( ). A B C D : 2. C D,, ( )

8 3. A B C E, : = t ( + ) t,, ; ( ), 4. A B A B C D E,, A B ; C D E,, 5. A B C D ( ). :,, ;,,, 2. ;, ;, ;, 3.,,, 4.,,,, 5.,

,, 0,, 2-2002 4/ 5 2. 8 3 200 6 3 8 2000 6 3 8 999 2 2 2 7 5 2 ( )., ( ) (2002 ) A. B. C. D. C = ( - ) / ;, ;,,, ;, 2. ( ) (200 ) A. B. C. D. A ( ) = /, A,,,,,,

0,, (,,,,, ),,,,, B C D,,,, 3. ( ) (2000 ) A. B. C. D. C = ; = 4., ( ) (999 ) A. B. C. D. D,,, B C, ; A 5. ABC, 4, 2, 500 30, 5000, ( ) (999 ) A. 30 % B. 33 % C. 40 % D. 44 % C 30,, 2 4 2 4 00 % = 50 %, + =,, 50 % ( ) 500, 500, 2, 250, 250 30 = 7500, 5000 = 40 % 5000 + 7500 ( ),,, ( ) (999 ) A. B. C. D. E. B C D,,,,,,, ( ).,,

( ) (2002 ), 2.,,, ( ) (200 ),,,,,, 3., 0 %, 8 %, 2 %, 9%, ( ) (2000 ) : = = -, 0 %, 8 %, ; 2 %, 0 %, ; 2%, 9 %,,, ; ;,,, 4.,,, ( ) (999 ) : ; ;, ; (, ) ; ( ) A 2-2: 2-2 A ( ) : A 2000 : 66307-085 - 0690-43498 :. : 7298 : 00

2 2-2 5639 4 6-9 - 36 0 0 2047-4700 ( : ) 7085 ( : ) - 2437 ( : ) - 3449 0 66307 2. : 27558 : 7056-43498 : A 2000 : : (200 ) = + + + + + = 00 + 5639 + 4 + 6 + ( - 9) + ( - 36) = 6533 ( ) : = - - - = 4700-2047 - 0-0 = 2653 ( ) (, ) = + - = 7298 + 6533-2653 = 86078 ( ) = = 66307 = 0. 77 86078 : = - = + - = 7298 + 2047-4700 = 69545 ( ) = + = + ( + + + ) = 69545 + 6533 = 86078 ( ) = = 66307 86078 = 0. 77 :

3 = - = ( + ) - = [ ( - 2437) + 7085] - 3449 = - 977 ( ),,,,, = + = - +,,,,,, ( ) : F, 2-3: 2-3 F ( ) : : 0000 30000 ( ) 7300 23560 ( ) 600 800 ( ) 500 200 ( ) 00 2640 500 800 500 600 000 200 : 500 000 2000 8000 5000 20000 0 000 7500 30000 5000 30000 2500 60000 850 5000 200 300 450 700 2500 6000 0 29000 2500 45000 9000 3500 900 00 00 400 0000 5000 2500 60000

4 : ( :,, ; 360 ) : ( ) :? ( ) ( 2) :, ( ) ( 3) :, ( ) ( 4) :, ( ) ( 5) : ( 0000 ) ; ( 30000 ) ( ) = 200-000 = 200 ( ) = (2002 ) = 0000 000 = 200 ( ) 0000 5000 000 = 500 ( ) 0000 - = 500-000 = 500 ( ) 2 5000 200 = 200 ( ) 5000 - = 200-500 = - 300 ( ) = 500 + ( - 300) = 200 ( ) ( 2) = ( 200 5000-000 ) 00 % = 0% 0000 = = 000 2500 2500 00 % = 0 % 0000 200 60000 2500 00 % = 2. 5 % 0000 - = 2. 5 % - 0 % = - 7. 5 % 2 200 60000 60000 00 % = 8% 5000 - = 8 % - 2. 5 % = 5. 5 % = - 7. 5 % + 5. 5 % = - 2 % ( 3) = ( 200 60000-000 2500 ) 00 % = - 6 % = = 0000 2500 000 00 % = 8% 0000 30000 60000 000 00 % = 5% 0000 - = 5% - 8 % = - 3 % 2 30000 60000 200 00 % = 2% 30000

5 - = 2% - 5 % = - 3 % = - 3 % + ( - 3 % ) = - 6 % ( 4) = 360 30000 60000-360 = 720-450 = 270 ( ) 0000 2500 = + = 360 30000 60000 360 30000 30000 + 360 0000 7500 + 360 0000 7500 = 450 ( ) = 630 ( ) - = 630-450 = 80 ( ) 2 360 30000 30000 + 360 30000 30000 = 720 ( ) - = 720-630 = 90 ( ) = 80 + 90 = 270 ( ) ( 5) : DOL = DFL = 0000-7300 =. 69 0000-7300 - 00 0000-73000 - 00 =. 07 0000-7300 - 00-00 DTL = DOL DFL = : DOL = DFL = DTL = 0000-7300 =. 80 0000-7300 - 00-00 30000-23560 =. 45 30000-23560 - 2000 30000-23560 - 2000 = 2. 47 30000-23560 - 2000-2640 30000-23560 = 3. 58 30000-23560 - 2000-2640. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. [ 8 ( ) ] 4. ( ;,,,,, ;,,,,, ) 5. ( )

6 ( ) ( ) :., ( ) = / ( 2) = ( - ) / 2. 3. ( ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; (4 ) 4. ( ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) : = EBIT I = + + :, 5., ( ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4) ( ).,, 2 - = = = -,,,,,, 2.

7 8 ( ) ( ) 2-2 24-9. 5% - 8% = 24-8 9. 5 % -. 7 % = 24-9. 5% - 8 % (24-8), = 22. 85 ( ) 9. 5 % -. 7 % - 8 8% -. 7% = 24-8 9. 5 % -. 7 % = 8 + 8 % -. 7 % (24-8) = 22. 85 ( ) 9. 5 % -. 7 % 2-2, ( ).,, 2., ( ) = / :,,,,, :

8 ;, : 2002 2 3 00, 2003 4 2, 2003 8 8 36 = 00 2 2 + 2 8 2-36 5 = 93 ( ) 2 4 2, 8 ( 5 ) ; 8 8 36, 7 ( 8 ), ( ) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) = /,, : = / :,,,,, : 2002 2 3 00, 2003 4 2, 2003 8 8 36 = 00 + 2-36 = 76 ( ),,,,, : 2002 2 3 00, 2003 4 2, 2003 8 8 36 = 00 + 2-36 = 76 ( ) Q ( ) :. 2., ; ;

9 3., ; ; 4.,, ; 5., : = : : : ( ) = + ( 2) = + ( 3) = ( ) ( ) = + ( ) ( 2) (3 ) + () (2),,,,, ;,,,,, ( 4) = - = = (2 ),,,, -, ;, +, : 2003 000, 400, 300, 20, ( ) 5, 24, 30, 38, 52 : = 400 + 300 = 700 ( ) = + 20-5 + 24 = + 29 ( ) = - 30-38 + 52 = - 6 ( ) = = 000 + 700-29 - 6 000 + 700-29 000-29 000 = 0. 97 = 0. 99, : = +,,?

20 : ( ),,, ( ),, ;, ( ),,,,, ;,, ( 2),,, ( ),, ;, ( ),, ;,,, ;,, :,,,,,, ( ) [ ],, ( ).... = /,,, : = 8 0 = 0. 9 = 0. 8,, 0, = 8 + 0 0 + 0 = -,,, ( ) [ ] ( ).....,, ; (, ) [ 2], ( )....

2 = ( - ) /,, ;, ( ) [ ],, ( ), : =,,, ;,,, [ 2] 300000, 45000 3. 68, 3. 2 ( ) = 300000 3. 68 / = 04000, : 04000 (300000 + 45000) = 3. 2 [ 3 ] 5. 73 %, 2. 7; 4. 88%, 2. 83,, ( ) = =, : = 5. 73% 2. 7 = 2. 43% ; = 4. 88 % 2. 83 = 3. 8% ;,,, ( ). ( ). =. = / ( - ). = ( + ) /. = + 2.,, ( ).... 3., ( ).... 4., ( ).... 5. ( )....

22 6. 20000, 4, 3500, ( ). 5000. 6000. 6500. 4000 7. 800 ( 220, 580 ), 060 ( 300, 760 ) ; 680, 2000, ( ) ( ). 2. 022. 2. 28.. 909. 2. 8. 2, 4,, ( ). 2. 4. 3. 9., ( ).,.,.,., 0. 2003 00, 7 2003 20, 2003 ( ). 30%. 50 %. 40 %. 5 %. 00, 40, 24, 8, 4, ( ). 20 %. 3. 33%. 23. 33%. 30 % 2. 00 20, 6 8, ( ). 80. 360. 320. 80 3. ( ).... 4., 32, ( ). 80%. 20 %. 60 %. 40 % 5., ( ).... 6. 2003. 2, 2200, 340, 2, 35, 2, 5, ( ). 0. 74. 0. 66.. 0. 80 7. 2003., 4500, 330, 5, 24, 28, 3, ( ). 0.. 0. 2. 0. 0. 0. 27 8. : 60, 2,. 2, 00, 52, ( ).. 65. 2. 2. 3.. 45 9. ( ).... 20. 2002 000, 2003 3 200, 2003

23 7 4 40, 2003 400, 30, 2003 ( ). 0. 36. 0. 29. 0. 4. 0. 37 2., ( ).... 22. 2003 000, 5,. 2, ( ). 960. 240. 200. 220 23. 2003 2 3 000, 4,. 2, 900, ( ).. 44. 0. 69. 0. 63. 0. 7 ( )., ( ).... 2. ( ).... 3. ( ).... 4. ( ).... 5. ( ).... 6., ( ).,..,., 7. ( ).... 8., ( ).... 9., ( ).... 0., ( )....., ( ).... 2., ( )

24.... 3. ( ).,.,.,.,, 4., ( ).... 5., ( )..... 6. ( )..... 7. ( ).... 8. ( ).... 9. ( ).... 20. ( ).,.,.,,.,,. ( )., ( ) 2. ( ) 3. 6. 8 %,. 87; 8. 2 %, 2. 22,, ( ) 4., ( ) 5.,, ( ) 6.,, ( ) 7. ( ) 8., ( )

25 9. ( ) 0., ( ) ( ). () ( 2-4) ( 2-5)

26 2-4 ( ) 200 : 6800 ( 40 % ) : 25 % ; / 0 % ; 6 % 2-5 ( ) 200 2 3 : 0000 60000 : 20000 ; 2 ; ; 90 ; 2. 5 ( 2) ( ) 2. 200 : 2.,. 2, 5 60 ( 60 ), 4, 42, 5 2000 28, 9, 00 33 % : ( ) 200 ; ( 2) 200 ( ) 2-6 : 2-6 ( ) 2000 2 3 : 75 50 50 45 245 200 60 90 420 350 92 23 225 44 36 35 280 350 475 385 700 700 700 700

27, 999 6 %, 0. 5 ( ), 2. 5 ( ), 20% ( ), 2000 420, 63 : ( ) 2000 ; ( 2) 2000 ( ) ; ( 3) 2000 ; ( 4) ( ) ( ). = ; = ; + = + = 2. = = /,,, 3. = ( + ) /,,,, 4.,,,, ; 5. =, 6. ( + ) / = /, 20000 4 = (3500 + ) 2, = 6500 ( ) 7. = ( 800 + 060 ) 2/ ( 680 + 2000 ) 2 = 50. 54 %, = / ( - 50. 54 % ) = 2. 022 8. 2 = ( + 4) /,, = 4, = = 4 9. =,, 0. 20 (00 7 ) = 30%.

28 = (24 + 4) / [ (00 + 40) 2 ] = 23. 33% 2. = 20 8-00 6 = 360 ( ) 3., 4., 80 % ;, 20 % 5., 6., 2200 + 340 + 2 - ( - 440) - 35 + 2 + 5 2200 + 340 + 2 - ( - 440 ) = 7.. 2 = 2200 -, = - 440 ( ), : 2200 = 2993 2992 =,. = = 8. 4500-4455 4500 = 0. 0 4500 + 330 + 5 - + 24 + 28-3, = 4455 ( ), 4500 + 330 + 5 - =, 2 =, 20 ( ) 60-20 - =,. 2 =, 48 ( ), 60 00 (48 + 52 ) 2 = 2 ( ) 9., 20. 400 2003 = 000 2 2 + 200 9 2-40 6 2 2. ; ; 22. =. 2 = 5 000, ( ) 200 ; 23. =,, 240 4, 75 %, 750 ;. 2, 900, 080, = 080 750 =. 44 ( ).

29, 2. ;, ( ), 3. = + + =, 4. 5. = + +,, 6.,, 7. 8. 9. 0.. 2., ; ;, 3.,,, ;,,,, 4.,,, 5.,, 6.,, 7., ;, ;,

30, ;,, 8., 8 9. 20. : (), ; ( 2), ; ( 3 ),, ; (4),, ( ).,, 2. 3., = = 6. 8 %. 87 = 2. 72 % = 8. 2 % 2. 22 = 8. 20 %, 5. 48 %, 4.,,,, 5.,, ( ),, 6. : ;,,, 7. 8.,,,, 9., 0.,,

3,, ( ). ( ) 6 %, : ( - 40 % ) = = 6 % : = 6% 60 % = 0% : = 25 % / = 0 % : / = ( - - ) = 25 % - 0% - 0 % = 5 % = 5 % = 6800 ( ) : = 36000 ( ) ( ) : ( 2) : = 2. 5 = = 60000 : = 60000 2. 5 = 50000 ( ) 90, 4 : = (20000 + ) 2 = 4 = 02000 4 2-7 ( ) 200 : 36000 34000 6800 ( 40 % ) 5440 02000 3600 3600 860 = 25500 2-20000 = 3000 ( ) : - = : 2 - = 3000 = 3000 ( ) : ( + ) = : = 3000-0000 = 2000 ( ), : 2-8 ( ) 200 2 3 : 3000 0000 59000 2000 90000 3000 62000 88000 60000 50000 50000

32 ( 3) = (3600 + 6800 ) 50000 = 3. 6% = 860 60000 = 3. 6 % 2. ( ) = 4 2. = 29. 4 ( ) = (4 + 42) / 60 = 35% = / ( - 35 % ) =. 54 = 28/ 60 = 0. 8 ( ) ( 2) = 29. 4 -. 2 4 = 2. 6 ( ) = ( 5 + 2. 6) / 2 = 3. 8 ( ) = 3. 8 5 = 69 ( ) = ( 28-69 - 9-0 ) ( - 33% ) = 26. 8 ( ) = 26. 8/ 28 = 2 % = 2 % 0. 8. 54 = 25. 87% ( ) ( ) = 35 45 + 90 = 2. ; = = 0. 9; = 350 = 50% ; = 50 50 700-50% = 2 ( 2) = 420 63 63 = 0. 6 ; = = 5% ; = 700 420 350 = 8% ( 3) = 350 =. 25% ; = 280 ( 4) 0. 6 5 % 2 = 8 % ; 0. 5 6% 2. 5 = 20% ; 8 % - 20% = - 2% : (5% - 6 % ) 0. 5 2. 5 = -. 25% 5 % (0. 6-0. 5 ) 2. 5 = 3. 75% 5% 0. 6 ( 2-2. 5) = - 4. 5 %

,,,, 3-2002 3/ 4. 75 2 200 2 2 3 2000 999 0 2 ( )., ( ) (2002 ), :,,,,,,,, 2., ( ) (200 ),,,,, : = + - 3.,

34, ( ) (999 ),, ( ). : 200 3-2 : 3-2 200 ( ) : 000 000 00 (200, ) 000 40 2000 60 : : ( ) ( 2) 2002 0 %,,,, ( 3) 2002 5 %,?,, ( 4), 200 :,,, 6. 5%, 200 5% ;, 0 / 20 %, ( ) 200 25 /, 200, ( ) ( ) = = 00 000 = 0% = = 000 = 0. 5 2000 = = 2000 000 = 2 = = 60 00 = 60 % = = - 0 % 0. 5 2 60 % - 0 % 0. 5 2 60 % = 6. 38 % : = = 00 60% = 6. 38 % 000-60 (2002 )

35 ( 2) : 0% = 0. 5 2 60% - 0. 5 2 60 % : 0% = 0 % 0. 5 60 % - 0% 60% = - 3. 03 = 67 % : = 5. 5 % : = 3. 03 ( 3) = 000 ( + 5 % ) = 50 ( ) = = 50 0. 5 = 2300 ( ) = = 2300 0. 5 = 50 ( ) = 000 ( ) = = 50 0% 60 % = 69 ( ) = 50-000 - 69 = 8 ( ) : : 2002 = 000 ( + 5 % ) 0 % = 5 ( ) : 2002 = 5 60 % = 69 ( ),, 5 % ;, 5%, 5 %, 5 % ; = 000 5 % - 69 = 8 ( ) ( 4) 200 00, 00 = (000-000 - 25-000 5 % ) ( - 20 % ) = 70 % ( - 70% - 25-000 5% - 200 6. 5% ) ( - 20% ) 200 = 060 ( ) 2. : 2000 3-3: = ( - 70% - 25-000 5% ) ( - 20% ) 200 + 20 3-3 2000 0000 ( 50 % ) 250 750 250 25 ( 000 ) 250 625 250 ( 20 % ) 25 2500 500 : ( ) 2000,,, : 200?? 2000 30,? 2000, (

36 )? ( 2) 200 35 %, :, 2000,? 2000,? (200 ) ( ) ( ) : = 5% = / = 4 = / = 2 = 50 % = ( ) ( - ) = ( 5% 4 2 50% ) ( - 5% 4 2 50 % ) = 25 % : = = [500/ ( 250-250) ] 50% = 25%,, 25 % = / + = [ (250 000 ). 25] / 30 + 25 % = 26. 04 % = + / = ( 25/ 250 ) ( - 20 % ) ( / 2 ) + 26. 04 % (/ 2) = 7. 02 % ( 2), : 35% = ( 0. 5 2 4 ) [ - 0. 5 2 4] : = 6. 48 % : = ( + ) = 0000 ( + 35% ) = 3500 ( ) = / = 3500/ 4 = 3375 ( ) = / = 3375 50 % = 687. 5 ( ) = 250 ( ) = = 3500 5 % 0. 5 = 337. 5 ( ) = - - = 687. 5-250 - 337. 5 = 00 ( ) ( ), :,, ( 999, ),,

37,,, ;,,, ;, ; :, = =,,, (),, ( 2), :, :, 2000,,,, = - -,,, =,,, 35 %,,,,,, = /,,,, ; ; ( ) ( ), :.,, 2. = - - = - - ( - ) :, ;, ( ).,,,

38 : = : = - - [ ( + ) ] ( - ) : =, 2.,,,, : = - - ( - ) = 0, = +, =, : - - [ ( + ) ] ( - ) = 0, : :. 6 ; 0. 4 ; 0 %, 55 %, 200,,,,? : 0 =. 6-0. 4-0. [ ( + ) ] ( - 0. 55) : = 3. 90% 3. 90 %, 3. ( ),,,,,, ( ),,, ( 2) = = = : -,,, = + : : = + ( ),,

39 ; ; ; ; 0 ; ( - 0 ) ; ; = + : = ( + ) = ( + 0 ) ( + ) : [ - ( + ) ] = 0 ( + ), 0 = ( + ) [ - ( + ) ] : 0 = ( + ) / [ - ( + ) / ] ( + ), /, : = ( - ) = - = -,,,,, : = ( - ) :,,,,,, : 2002 00, 2002 500, 60 %, 2003 : : 00 60 % = 2 % 500 - = 00 500 + 00 60% 60 % - 00 500 + 00 60% = 2 % : = 500 + 00 60% = 560 ( ),,, (, ), ( ),,, ( ) ;, ( ),,

40 ( ). 2. ( ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4 ) ; ( 5) ; (6 ) ; (7 ) ; (8) ( ) [ ] ( )...., = + -,, ( ) [ ] ( )....,, ( ) [ ] : 3-4 ( ) : 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0000 : ( 20 % ) ( 70 % ) ( 0 % ) ( 70 % ) ( ) ( ) 8000

4 (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 750 00 250

42 3-4 (5 ) 00 200 700 (6 ) 2000 (7 ) 8000 (8 ) (9 ) (000 ) (0 ) (000 ) ( ) (, 2 % ) (2 ) ( 6000 ) 3-5 3-5 ( ) : 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 0000 : ( 20 % ) 400 600 800 ( 70 % ) 4200 4900 5600 ( 0 % ) 500 600 700 500 600 700 ( 70 % ) 5600 6300 7000 ( ) 4900 5600 6300 ( ) 8000 6350 6530 (2 ) 600 700 800 (3 ) 4900 5600 6300 (4 ) 750 00 250 (5 ) 00 200 700 (6 ) 2000 (7 ) 8000 (8 ) 350 7550 4380 (9 ) (000 ) 6000 2000 (0 ) (000 ) 000 ( ) (, 2 % ) 20 (2 ) ( 6000 ) 6350 6530 6380, 7, 8, 2 [ 2], 2003 3-6 3-7:

43 3-6 2002 ( ) 2002 : 260 26 008 00 252 0 90 ( ) 63 27 ( ) 63 63 3-7 2002 ( ) 2002 2 3 : 4 200 44 246 280 ( 500, ) 500 760 72 : 80 680 8 8 : ( ) 52 ; ( 2) 5 ; ( 3) ; ( 4) 20 ; ( 5) 220, 30 ; ( 6) ( ), ; ( 7) ; ( 8) ; ( 9),,, 5 ;,, ; 0 ( 0 ) 30 ; ( ), : ( ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ( ) : = 260 44 = 8. 75 ( ) = 52 8. 75 = 72. 8 ( ) = 52 - (72. 8-44) = 483. 2 ( )

44 : = 52 (80 % - 5% ) 246 008 = 276. 75 ( ) = 52 75% - ( 276. 75-246) = 03. 25 ( ) = 52 63 260 + (63 + 20 ) = 58. 6 ( ) : 220 ( ) : 30 ( ) 5. 85 ( ) - 4. 65 ( ) (4 + 483. 2-5. 85 ) : 40 ( ) : 2 ( ) [ 0 200 (200 + 40) ] 3. 35 ( ) (2 ) 52 ( ) : 34 ( ) [ 52 (80 % - 5% ) ] 378 ( ) : : 75. 6 ( ) (52 63 260 ) 83 ( ) (63 + 20 ) 30 ( ) 89. 4 ( ) : 2 ( ) 77. 4 ( ) : 30 ( ) 47. 4 ( ) (3 ) = 47. 4 500 = 0. 29 ( / ),,,,,, (,,, ) : ( ) = = - : = ( - ) + ( - ) : = - [ ( - ) + ( - ) ] 52, 72. 8 ( ) 44, 483. 2 ( 2) + = + : = + -

45 = - = ( + - ) - : = ( - ) + ( - ) : = + ( - ) - [ ( - ) + ( - ) ],, - = 0 ; 5 %, 5%, 75 % ( 008 260 = 80 % ), 34 (52 75% ), 276. 75, = 246 008 52 ( 80% - 5% ) = 276. 75 246, 03. 25 (, ) 4. 65 0, 24. 65 ( 4. 65 + 0 ), 0, 34. 65 (24. 65 + 0 ),, 5, 40, ( )., ( ).... 2., 456, 220, 350, 0, 50%, 50%,, ( ). 30. 4630. 0070. 3560 3. 0 %, 0 %, ( ). 2 %. %. 0%. 5. 5 % 4. ( ).... 5., ( ).... 6., ( ).... 7. ( ). =. =. =. = / ( ). ( )....

46 2., ( ).... 3., ( )..... 4., ( )..... 5., ( )..... ( ). ( ) 2., ( ) 3.,,, ( ) 4.,, ( ) 5., ( ) 6. ( ) ( ). 999 ( ) 3-8,,, 999 4000, 50% :, 3-8 999 ( ) : 2 3 4 000 2500 3000 33500 36500 30000 37000 40000 000 3000 : - 500 000 000-500 2500 2. : ( ) 3 7 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000, 30 %, 70 %

47 ( 2) 60%, 50 %, 50 % ( 3) 4 6 4000 4500 4200, 000 ( 4) 4, 5000 ( 5), ( 000 ) ;, ( 000 ),, 2 %, ( 6) 6000, 3-9 :, 4 6 3-9 4 6 : 4 5 6 ( ) 7000 (2 ) (3 ) (4 ) 2000 3500 2800 (5 ) (6 ) 800 900 750 (7 ) 8000 (8 ) (9 ) (0 ) ( ) (2 ) (3 ) ( ) ( ) 3-0: 3-0 ( ) : 240 46 8 25 3 7 96 65 32 2 90 35 67 92 320 320

48,, 4000, 00, 60 : ( ) 5000, 0%,, ; ( 2) ( ) ; ( 3) 0%,, ; ( 4) ; ( 5) 5000, 5 %, 0 %,,,? ( 6), 5000,, 0 % 20,? ( )., 2. = 220 + 350-456 = 204 ( ) ; = 204 0 50% = 0070 ( ) 3. = ( + 0 % ) ( + 0% ) - = 2 % 4., 5.,, 6., 7.,,, ;,,,, = = = / = = ( ).

49, ; 2. ;,, 3. : : + - = 4.,,,,,, 5. ( ). 2., 3.,, 4.,, 5. : : + - = 6.,,, ( ). = 000 + 3000-30000 = 2000 ( ) = + ( - 500 ) = 2000-500 = 500 ( ) = + 33500-000 = 500 + 33500-000 = 34000 ( ) = 000 + 000 = 2000 ( ) = 37000 + 3000 - = 37000 + 30 0-2000 = 38000 ( ) = 2500-3000 = - 500 ( ) = 2500 + 36500-40000 = - 000 ( )

50 = 4000 50 % = 2000 ( ) = - = 2000 - ( - 000) = 3000 ( ) 2. 3-3 - 4 6 4 5 6 7000 6200 680 43000 53000 63000 33000 39000 45000 2000 3500 2800 3000 3500 3200 800 900 750 8000 5000-3800 2300 9430 0000-6000 - 3000 20 90 6200 680 6340 ( ) ( ) 7. 625 %. 25 % = 00 4000 ( + 0% ) = 2. 75% = - 60 00 = 40 % = 5000 2. 75 % 40% = 55 ( ) = 7. 625 % (5000-4000) -. 25 % (5000-4000) - 55 = 8. 75 ( ) ( 2) = 8. 75 (5000-4000) = 0. 875% = ( 7. 625 % -. 25% ) - 2. 75 % (25% 25 % ) 40% = 0. 875% ( 3), : 0 = (7. 625% -. 25 % ) - ( 4000 + ) 2. 75% 40 % = 834 ( ), = 4000 = 20. 85 % ( 4) = 00 (92-40) ( - 60 % ) = 26. 3 % = 00 92 ( - 60 % ) / [ - 00 92 ( - 60 % ) ] = 26. 3% ( 5) 5 %, : = 5000 ( + 5% ) = 5250 ( ) = 5250 4000 - = 3. 25% = 7. 625 % -. 25 % - 2. 75% (. 325 3. 25% ) 40 % =. 755% = ( 5250-4000 ). 755% = 2. 9375 ( ) = 2. 9375-8. 75 = 3. 875 ( ) ( 6) = 5000 00 4000 [ - 60 00 ( + 0 % ) ] = 42. 5 ( ) = 7. 625 % ( 5000-4000 ) -. 25 % ( 5000-4000) - 42. 5 = 2. 25 ( ) > 20,

,, 4-2002 2 2 2 3/ 5 5 4. 6 0 200 3 3 2 2 5 5 2000 2 2 2 4 2 6 9 999 4 4 2 4 4 4 0 2 ( ). ( ) (2002 )....,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ) ( ), 2., ( ) (2002 )..,.,

52., : = + ( - ), ;,, ;,,,,, =,, 3. 0,, 2000, ( ) (200 ). 2%. 8%. 8. 24 %. 0. 04%, 2000, 4, = 2000 = 2 %, 8%, : + 00000 = ( + 8%/ 4 ) 4, = 8. 24% 4., 5,, 2. 22 %,,, ( ). 9%. %. 0 %. 2 % (999 ),,, =,, : = ( + 5 2. 22 % ) ( /,, 5 ) ( /,, 5) = / ( + 5 2. 22% ) = 0. 6207 = 0 % 5., 3, 5 500, 0%, ( ). 994. 59. 565. 68. 83. 48. 423. 2 (999 ),,,,,, 2 :,, = 500 ( /, 0 %, 5 ) ( /, 0 %, 2 ) = 500 3. 79 0. 826 = 565. 68 ( ), ( ) = ( + ) - ( ) = 500 ( /, 0 %, 2 + 5) - 500 ( /, 0%, 2) = 565. 68 ( ) ( ). ( = ), ( ) (2002 ).,..,.

53 =,,, : = /,,,,, 2., ( ) (2000 ).,.,.,.,, : = ( /,, ) + ( /,, ) : ; ; ; ;,,,,, ;,, : = / 2 ( /, / 2, 2 ) + ( /, / 2, 2 ), ( /, / 2, 2 ) ( /,, ), ( /,, ) ( /, / 2, 2 ) : ( /,, ) + ( /,, ) / 2 ( /, / 2, 2 ) + ( /, / 2, 2 ),,,,, ;, ( ).,,,, ( ) (2002 ),,,,,,, 2., ( ) (200 ) : = + ( - )

54 : ; ; ; : ( - ) ; -, 3.,, ( ) (200 ),, ",,,, 4. ( ) (2000 ),,,,, 5., ( ) (999 ), : ( ),, ; (2 ),,, ; ( 3), :,, ( :,, ), :,, = ( + ) + ( + ), 0, ( + ),, ( :,, ), : = + ( + ),, : ; ;, 0, ( + ), +

55 ; ;,, ( ),, ( ) ;,,, ( ) :,, 200 5, 000, 0 %, 2 3, : ( ) 200 9%,? ( 2) 049. 06, 2002? ( 3) 4,, 2005 08. 52 900? ( ) : 50 %, 50 % 8 %, 0. 5,,? ( ) = 000 0 % ( /, 9 %, 5 ) + 000 ( /, 9 %, 5 ) = 00 3. 8897 + 000 0. 6499 = 038. 87 ( ) ( 2) 049. 06 = 00 ( /,, 4 ) + 000 ( /,, 4) = 8% : 00 ( /, 8 %, 4 ) + 000 ( /, 8 %, 4) = 066. 2 = 9% : 00 ( /, 9 %, 4 ) + 000 ( /, 9 %, 4) = 032. 37 = 8% + 066. 2-049. 06 % = 8. 05 % 066. 2-032. 37 (2002 ) ( 3) 900 = 00 + = 22. 22% = 00 0. 5 + 0 0. 5 = 550 ( ) = ( 00-550) 2 0. 5 + (0-550) 2 0. 5 = 550 ( ) = = 550 = = + = 8% + 0. 5 = 23 % 550 = 00 + 23 % ( ) = 894. 3 ( ) 20000, 2, 4%, 2 4 %, 3 8% 4, : ( ) 0%, ( 0. 0 ) ;

56 ( 2) 24. 89, ( % ) ;, (2000 ) ( ) 4-2 4-2 0 2 3 ( ) 20000 22800 25992 2807. 36 ( ) 2 2. 28 2. 6 2. 8 ( = 0 % ) 0. 909 0. 8064 0. 753 ( / ) 2. 07 2. 5 2. 6. 33 ( / ) 28. ( / ) 2. 2. ( / ) 27. 44 ( 2) 4-3 0%, 27. 44 24. 89, 0%, % 4-3 0 2 3 ( ) 20000 22800 25992 2807. 36 ( ) 2 2. 28 2. 6 2. 8 ( = % ) 0. 9009 0. 86 0. 732 ( / ) 2. 05 2. 2. 05 6. 2 ( / ) 25. 55 ( / ) 8. 68 8. 68 ( / ) 24. 89, %,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,, 2, 4,

57 4 3, 3, = ( /, 0%, ) + 2 ( /, 0 %, 2 ) + 3 ( /, 0 %, 3 ) + ( 3 ) ( /, 0 %, 3 ) = ( /, 0 %, ) + 2 ( /, 0 %, 2) + ( 3 ) ( /, 0%, 2) = 2. 28 0. 909 + 2. 60 0. 8264 + 2. 8 0. 753 + 2. 8/ 0 % 0. 753 = 27. 44 ( ) (2), 24. 89,, ( ),,, 24. 89,,, 0%, 27. 44,, 24. 89 0 %,, % (, ) ; ; ;,,, ; ;,, ( ) ; ; ; ( )., 2. : ( ) : = ( ) = ( + ) = ( ) = ( + ) ( 2) : = ( /,, - ) ( /,, ) = ( /,, ) - ( /,, ) : : ( ) 4-4 - 2 ( 3) : ; ; 3.,,

58 = + ( + ) + ( + ) 2 + ( + ) 3 4 - = + ( + ) + ( + ) 2 + ( + ) 3 4-2 : = ( + ) - : ; 7 : ; = 000 ( + 2% ) 20 = 000 ( + ) 5 : 000 ( + 2% ) 20 = 000 ( + ( ) 5 + = ) 5 ( + 2 % ) 20 = ( + 2 % ) 4 - = ( + ) - ( ). 2., ( ) = ( + ) ( /,, ) ( 2) ( ) = ( /,, ) + ( /,, ) : ; ; ; ;,, ( 3),

59, ( 4),, 3.,, : ( ) : = ( + ) ( /,, ),, ( ) : = ( /,, ) + ( /,, ) ; : ; ; ; ; ; ", ", : = + ( - )/ ( + )/ 2 : ; ; ; ; :,,,,,,,, : : 996 000, 0 % 5 : ( ) 998, 2 %, 80,, ( 2),, ( ) ( 2) 4-3 998..

60 0 2 3 4 5 4-3 ( ) ( 2), 998? : = 000 ( + 5 0 % ) ( /, 2 %, 3 ) = 500 0. 78 = 067. 7 ( ) 80,, : = 000 0% ( /, 2%, 3) + 000 ( /, 2 %, 3) = 00 2. 408 + 000 0. 78 = 95. 98 ( ) 80, ( 3) 999 00,,? ( 4) (3 ),,,? ( 3) ( 4) 4-4 999.. 0 2 3 4 5 4-4 ( 3) ( 4), 999? : 00 = 000 ( + 5 0 % ) ( /,, 2) = 500 ( /,, 2 ) ( /,, 2) = 00/ 500 = 0. 6733 : = 20 %, ( /, 20%, 2) = 0. 6944 = 24 %, ( /, 24%, 2) = 0. 6504 = 20% ( /, 20 %, 2) = 0. 6944 =? ( /,, 2) = 0. 6733 = 24% ( /, 24 %, 2 ) = 0. 6504 : 24 % - 24 % - 20 % = 0. 6504-0. 6733 0. 6504-0. 6944 : = 2. 92%, : 00 = 000 0 % ( /,, 2) + 000 ( /,, 2) = 00 ( /,, 2) + 000 ( /,, 2) = 0 %, = 00 ( /, 0 %, 2 ) + 000 ( /, 0 %, 2 ) - 00 = 00. 7355 + 000 0. 8264-00 = - 0. 05 ( ), = 8%, = 00 ( /, 8%, 2) + 000 ( /, 8%, 2) - 00 = 00. 7833 + 000 0. 8573-00 = 25. 63 ( )

6 = 8 % =? = 0% = 25. 63 = 0 = - 0. 05 : 0% - 0 % - 8% = - 0. 05-0 - 0. 05-25. 63 : = 9. 44 % ( ). ( ), ( 2), : 0 = : = : 0 = 0 ( + ) - : ; 0 ( ) ; ( ) : = ( / 0 ) + 0-0 0, 0,, 2. ( ) = + (2 ) = + ( - ) ( ).,, 2. ( ), ( ), ( 2),,,

62 ( 3),,,, 3. ( ) ;, ( 2) : = = =,, ( 3) : ; ; ( 4),,,,, ( 5), : ; ;,,,, ( 6),, :,, = + ( - ) : ; -, < ;, > =,, <, ;, >,,,,

63 ( 7), :,,,,,, 4. ( ) : ; ; ( 2) ( 3) = = = + ( - ),, ( ) ( ),,, ( ) ( ) [ ] 500, 5, 8 %,,. 4 %. 0. 24 %. 0. 6 %. 0. 8% = ( + 0. 6 % ) -, = 8. 6 %, [ 2], ( ).,...,

64,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,, ( ) [ ] ( )..... [ 2], ( ).....,,,,, ( ) [ ], 2000, 6000 2%, 4, ( ) = + 6000, 2000,, 2000 2%, : 6000 = 2000 ( /, 2 %, ), ( /, 2 %, ) = 3, : = 3, ( /, 2 %, 3 ) = 2. 408 ; = 4, ( /, 2%, 4) = 3. 0373; = 3. 94 ( ),, 4, [ 2] (, ), ;, ;, ( ) (, ), ( ),,,,,

65 ( ),, ( ) [ ] 0%, 5 %,. 6 : ( ) 2. 50, 4 %,? ( 2) 0% 8 %,? ( 3) 5 % 2%,? ( 4), 4 % 6%,. 6. 4,,,? ( ) = 0% +. 6 (5 % - 0% ) = 8 % = 2. 5/ (8% - 4 % ) = 7. 86 ( ) ( 2) = 8 % +. 6 ( 5% - 8 % ) = 9. 2 % = 2. 5/ (9. 2% - 4% ) = 6. 45 ( ) ( 3) = 8 % +. 6 ( 2% - 8 % ) = 4. 4 % = 2. 5/ (4. 4% - 4% ) = 24. 04 ( ) ( 4) = 8 % +. 4 ( 2% - 8 % ) = 3. 6 % = 2. 5/ (3. 6% - 6% ) = 32. 89 ( ) [ 2 ]. 60, 4 20%, 4 3%, 7 % 6 % : ( ) 4 :. 92 2. 304 2. 7648 3. 38 ( 2) 5 8 : 3. 75 4. 24 4. 79 5. 4 ( 3) =. 92 0. 862 + 2. 304 0. 7432 + 2. 7648 0. 6407 + 3. 38 0. 5523 + 3. 75 0. 4762 + 4. 24 0. 404 + 4. 79 0. 3538 + 5. 4 0. 3050 + 5. 4 ( + 7% ) / (6 % - 7% ) 0. 3050 = 33. 47 ( ) [ 3] 999, 000, 0 %, 5, 2 3 ( 4, ) : ( ) 999? ( 2) 2003 8%,? ( 3) 2003 900,? ( 4) 200 2 %, 950,? ( ),,,, 0 % ( 2) = ( 00/. 08 ) + (000/. 08 ) = 09 ( ) ( 3) 900 = 00/ ( + ) + 000/ ( + ) = 22 % ( 4) = ( 00/. 2 ) + 00/ (. 2) 2 + 00/ (. 2 ) 3 + 000/ (. 2) 3 = 952 ( ) ( 950 ),

66 : ( ), : = ( /,, ) + ( /,, ) ( 2), : = ( + ) ( /,, ) : ; ; ; ;,, = ( ), : = ( /,, ) + ( /,, ) ( 2), : = ( + ) ( /,, ), [ 4] 000, 500 : ( ) 2, ; ( 2) 60 %, 4 %, ; ( 3) 6%, 0%, 60%, ( ) = = 000 500 = 2 ( / ) = 2 2 = 24 ( ) ( 2) = = 000 60 % = 600 ( ) = 600 500 =. 2 ( / ) ( : = 2 / 60 % =. 2 / ) = =. 2 4 % = 30 ( ) ( 3) = ( - ) = ( 2 60% ) ( 0 % - 6 % ) =. 2 % 4% = 30 ( ), : ( ) :, : = : = 0 ( + ) - = - : ; 0 ( ) ; ( ) ( 2) : =

67 ( 3) : = / = [ 5] 2, 2. 5, ( ) > 3. 5 ; ( 2) >. 2 ; ( 3) 0. 5 4 ( ) 2 3. 5 ( ) ( ) = 0. 6 0. 6 0. 2257 3. 5 ( ) = 0. 5-0. 2257 = 0. 2743 ( 2). 2 2 ( ) ( ) = 0. 32 0. 32 0. 255. 2 ( ) = 0. 5 + 0. 255 = 0. 6255 ( 3) 0. 5 2 ( ) ( ) = 0. 6 2 4 ( ) ( ) = 0. 8 0. 6 0. 2257 0. 8 0. 288 0. 5 4 ( ) = 0. 2257 + 0. 288 = 0. 538 ( )., ( ).... 2., ( ).... 3., ( ).... 4.. 5, 4 %, 8 %, ( ). 4%. 2 %. 8 %. 0% 5., 3 2200, 3 200, 0% ( )

68. 250. 24. 3078. 57. 2552. 84. 3257. 68 6., 5 %, 6, %, 6 %,. 2,, ( ). 50. 33. 45. 30 7., ( ).... 8., 20%, 2, 0 %, ( ). 20. 24. 22. 8 9.,, ( ).... 0. 2, 6 % 3, ( ). 6%. 6 %. 6 %.., 3%, 4 3%, 8 %,. 2, ( ). 25. 40. 26. 67. 30 2. 2000, 2000,, ( ).... 3. 5, 2 % 5, ( ). 24 %. 2. 36 %. 6 %. 2. 25 % 4., 500, 0%, ( ). 2395. 50. 895. 50. 934. 50. 277. 50 ( )., ( )...., 2. ( ).... 3. ( ).... 4. 0. 22, 5 %, 6%, 8%,. 5, ( ). 5. 775. 4. 4. 8 %. 9 % 5. ( )

69..,.. 6., 2, 3, 5, ( ). ( /,, 5) ( /,, 3). ( /,, 5) ( /,, 2). ( /,, 7 ) - ( /,, 2). ( /,, 7) - ( /,, 3 ) 7. ( ).,.,.,., 8., ( ).... 9., ( ). = +. = +. = + +. = + 0., : 7, 0, 0, 00, 0%, ( ). 0 [ ( /, 0 %, 5) - ( /, 0%, 5) ]. 0 ( /, 0%, 0) ( /, 0 %, 5 ). 0 [ ( /, 0%, 6 ) - ( /, 0 %, 6 ) ]. 0 [ ( /, 0 %, 5) - ( /, 0%, 6) ]. ( ).... ( )., ( ) 2. ( ) 3., ( ) 4., ( ) 5. 8, 0 % ; 3, 0 %, ( ) 6.,, ( ) 7.,, ;,, ( ) 8., ( ) 9., ( ) 0., 400, 0, 600,,

70 0%, ( )., 5 %, 3. 87%, ( ) ( ).,, 50% 30 % 20%, 2. 0. 0 0. 5, 5 %, 0 % 2,. 2, 8% : ( ) : ; ; ; ( 2) 2. 200, 000, 0 %, 5, 2 3, ( 4, 2 ) : ( ) 200 2 %,? ( 2) 200 8%,,,? ( 3) 2005 042, 6%,? 3. 000 0 % 5 2, : ( ) 050, ; ( 2) 0. 8, 9 %, 6 %, 4. 2. 5, 6 %, 0% : ( ) ; ( 2), 6%,. 5,? ( 3),. 5, 4, 6%,? 5. 2003, 2, 2002 550, 20%,, 000, 2003, 25 %, 7, 40 % : ( ) 2002 ; ( 2) ; ( 3)

7 ( )., 2.,,,,,,, 3., =, 50 ( ) 4. = + ( - ) = 4 % +. 5 ( 8% - 4% ) = 0 % 5. = 200 ( /, 0 %, 3 ) + 2200 ( /, 0 %, 3 ) = 250. 24 ( ) 6. = % +. 2 ( 6% - % ) = 7% ; = 6/ ( 7 % - 5 % ) = 7.,, ( ),, 8. = 2 ( + 0 % ) / ( 20 % - 0% ) = 22 ( ) 9.,,, ( ), 0. : = /, = / = 2/ 3 = 5. 38 %, 6%,,,. ( ) = 3 % +. 2 ( 8 % - 3% ) 2. = 3. = 9 %, = 4 9% - 3 % = 25 ( + ),,,,

72 ( ) ( ) = ( + / ) - 4. = ( ) = ( + ) ( ).,,,, 2., 3. = / ( - ),,,, 4. = 6 % +. 5 (8 % - 6% ) = 9% = 0. 22 ( + 5% ) / (9% - 5 % ) = 5. 775 ( ) 5. ;, ; ; 6. = ( /,, - ) ( /,, ) = [ ( /,, ) - ( /,, ) ] : : 7.,,,, 8. 9. = + = + +,, = + = + 0.,, = 5, = 5. ( ) ( ) = ( + / ) - ( ).,

73, 2.,, 3., 4.,,, 5.,, ( ),,, 6. 7.,,,,, 8., 9.,, 0. 0, = 600 [ ( /, 0%, 0 - ) + ] = 4055. 4 ( ),,,. : ( 0 5% ) : = 5%/ 3. 87 % = 3. 88,, 0. 5, (0 ) = 0. 5 + 0. 5 =, ( ). ( ) : = 50% 2 + 30% + 20% 0. 5 =. 4 =. 4 (5 % - 0 % ) = 7 % = 0 % + 7% = 7 % = 0% + 2 (5 % - 0 % ) = 20 % ( 2) =. 2 ( + 8 % ) / 20 % - 8 % = 0. 8 < = 2 ( ), 2. ( ) 2% ( ) = 000 0 % ( /, 2%, 5 ) + 000 ( /, 2 %, 5 ) = 00 3. 6048 + 000 0. 5674 = 927. 88

74 ( ) 927. 88, ( 2) 8 % ( ) = 000 0 % 2 ( /, 4 %, 0 ) + 000 ( /, 4 %, 0 ) = 50 8. 09 + 000 0. 6756 = 08. 5 ( ) 08. 5, ( 3), : 042 = 000 0% ( + ) + 000 ( + ), = 5. 57 % < 6% [ 6 % = 000 0% ( + 6 % ) + 000 ( + 6% ) = 037. 74 < 042 ], 3. ( ) 050 = 000 5 % ( /,, 0 ) + 000 ( /,, 0) = 5 % : 000 5% ( /, 5 %, 0) + 000 ( /, 5 %, 0 ) = 50 7. 727 + 000 0. 639 = 000 ( ) 2 = 4 % : 50 ( /, 4 %, 0) + 000 ( /, 4%, 0 ) = 08. 5 ( ) : ( - 4 % ) / (5 % - 4 % ) = (050-08. 5) / (000-08. 5 ) = 4. 38% = 2 4. 38 % = 8. 76 % = 8. 76% ( 2) = 6 % + 0. 8 (9 % - 6 % ) = 8. 4 % 4. ( ), = 6% + 2. 5 ( 0 % - 6 % ) = 6% ( 2), =. 5/ (6% - 6% ) = 5 ( ) ( 3) : =. 5 ( /, 6%, 3) + [. 5% ( + 6% ) ] / (6% - 6 % ) ( /, 6 %, 3 ) =. 5 2. 2459 + 5. 9 0. 6407 = 3. 56 ( ) 5. ( ) = 5500000/ 40 % = 3750000 ( ) ( 2) = 3750000 ( - 40 % ) = 8250000 ( ) ( 3) = 8250000 20% = 650000 ( ) ( 4) = 8250000 ( - 20% ) = 6600000 ( ) ( 5) = 825/ 000 = 0. 825 ( / ) ( 6) = 2/ 0. 825 = 4. 5 ( 7) = 4. 5 ( - 25 % ) = 0. 875 ( 8) = 0. 875 7 = 76. 25 ( )

,, 4 2,, 5-2002. 2 9. 5 2. 2 0. 5 200 2 2 2000 0 3 2 999 2 2 2 8 5 3 ( )., ( ) (2002 ).... = - : = - - = - ( - ) - = - ( - ) - = - + - = - + = + ( ), ; ( 2) = -, ; ( 3),,,,,

76 ; ( 4), =,,,,,,, : 60 %, 40 %,, 950, 000, = 000 60% + 950 40 % = 980 ( ), 000,, 000,, 2., 2000, 4000, 33%, ( ) (2000 ). 7380. 8040. 2660. 6620 : 2000, 2000 4000,,, (4000-2000) 33 % = 660 ( ),,, 2660 (2000 + 660) 3., ( ) (999 )....,,,,,, 4., 8 40000, 0,, 0 %, 28800 ; 0000, 30 %, ( ) (999 ). 360. 200. 9640. 0360, 40000, 28800, 200 ( 40000-28800), 0000,, 0000 ;, 200 ( 200-0000 ),,, 360 (200 30 % ), 360,, 0360 (0000 + 3600 ) ( ), : ( ) (999 ). 80,,

77., 200,,. 00 ;,., 50. 200, 5,,,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ). 20,, 5,,, 50,,,, 5,, 65 ( ) (2000 ), 50, 5 ( ),, 65, 20,,, 5, 5, 5, 2., : 400, 0 % ; 300, 5% ( ) (999 ),,, ;, ( ) : 0, 8000, 2000 4,, 5000, 2000 2500 3000 3, 3 500 / 0% ; 30% ( ), 3, 0 % ;,,,

78 :, ( ) 0 = = ( 2) 0 = 80000 ( ) 80000 ( - 0 % ) 3 55000 ( - 0 % ) 3 = 24000 ( ) = 6500 ( ) = 20000 ( - 30% ) ( /, 0%, 4) = 24000 30% ( /, 0%, 3) = 8000 30% ( /, 0 %, 4) = 639. 2 ( ) = 7905. 68 ( ) = 44378. 6 ( ) = 80000 + 44378. 6-7905. 68-639. 2 = 04833. 72 ( ) = 04833. 72 ( /, 0%. 4) ( 3) = 55000 ( ) = 3307. 62 ( ) (2002 ) = [ 2000 ( /, 0 %, ) + 2500 ( /, 0 %, 2 ) + 3000 ( /, 0%, 3 ) ] ( - 30% ) = 47263. 37 ( ) = 6500 30% ( /, 0%, 3) = 5500 ( /, 0 %, 3 ) = 432. 5 ( ) = 230. 6 ( ) = 55000 + 47263. 37-230. 6-432. 5 = 8582. 06 ( ) = 8582. 06 ( /, 0%. 3) = 34509. 25 ( ), ( ). : 2, 7 ; 5, 5 ; 5, 48, 5,. 2, 4, / 2, 4 30%, 30 % : 0%,, 5-2 (200 ) 5-2 : 0 2 3 4 5-480000 70000 20000 50000

5000 79

80 5-2 0 2 3 4 5 40000 40000 40000 40000 40000 ( ) 240000 20000 40000 40000 ( ) 24000 24000 24000 24000 24000 26000 96000 6000 6000-24000 - 76000 44000 24000 24000 64000 ( 30 % ) - 22800 3200 37200 37200 49200-53200 30800 86800 86800 4800 62800 26800 02800 02800 90800 40000 2000 28000 8400-395000 62800 26800 02800 02800 200 ( 0 % ) 0. 909 0. 8264 0. 753 0. 6830 0. 6209-395000 4800. 48 04787. 52 77233. 64 7022. 40 69044. 08 74279. 2,,, :,, ;, ;,,,,,, 200 248 249,,,,,,, : ( ),,, : 7 ; 48,,, 7, ( 2),,,,,,,, ( 3),,,, 2.,, 900000, 45822

8, 5,, 20 /, 2 /, 500000 40 % ; 0 % : ( ) (2000 ) ( ), : 045822 (900000 + 45822) ( 2) = 45822 ( /, 0 %, 5 ) = 45822 0. 6209 = 9054 ( ) ( 3) = +, = - = 045822-9054 = 95528 ( ) ( 4) = ( /, 0 %, 5 ), = 95528 ( /, 0 %, 5) = 95528 3. 7908 = 252000 ( ) ( 5) = +, = - = 252000 - (900000/ 5 ) = 252000-80000 = 72000 ( ) ( 6) = ( - ) = 72000/ ( - 0. 4 ) = 20000 ( ) = ( + ) ( - ) = ( 500000 + 80000 + 20000 ) (20-2 ) = 00000 ( ) : ( ),,,, ( 2), ( 3), ( 4),,, = ( + ) /,,, 3., : ( ) : 20, 5, ; 4,, 0 % ; 998 7 ( 2) : 4, 998 7, 2. 5 ( 3) : 998 7, 6 3 (, ), 4 ; 60% ; 0. 8 ( ) ( 4) : 2 ( 5) 30 % ( 6) 0 % : (999 )

82 ( ) = 200000 + 40000 + 40000 / ( + 0 % ) 2. 5 + 20000 = 2959 ( ) ( 2) 5-3 5-3 : 2 4 5 3 6 + 4 6 = 42 4 2 = 48 48 42 60 % = 25. 2 48 60 % = 28. 8 28. 8 0. 8 2 = 9. 6 0. 8 2 = 9. 6 9. 6 20 90 % 4 = 4. 5 4. 5 2 4 2. 5 =. 6. 6. 6. 3. 5 6 0. 33. 05. 8 0. 77 2. 45 4. 2 6. 6. 3. 6 2 6. 87 8. 55 9. 8 ( 3) : = 68700 0. 909 + 85500 2. 487 0. 909 + 98000 0. 62-2959 = 62448 + 93288 + 60858-2959 = 25075 ( ),,,,,,, 7,,,,, : ( ) = 4/ 2. 5 =. 6, 4 ; ( 2),,,, 5 2,, ; ( 3) 2. 5, :, 998 7, 998,,,,,, 5, 5,, :,,,,,,, ;,

83 5, 4, 4,,, ;, 20, 2, 4,, 4. 5, 4 8, 2,,,, 2, 2, 2, 0. 6 (2 30% ) ; 2,,, : ( ) : 20 ( 0 ) ; 8 ( : 0 4 ; 2. 5 4 ) ; 2 (0 ) ( 2) : = 20 90 % 4 = 4. 5 ( ) ; = (4 + 4) 5 =. 6 ( ) [ 2. 5 = 4 2. 5 =. 6 ( ) ; 2. 5 = 4 2. 5 =. 6 ( ) ] ; ( 998 7 999 6 30 ) : = 3 6 + 4 6 = 42 ( ) ; = 42 60 % = 25. 2 ( ) ; = 0. 8 2 = 9. 6 ( ) ; = ( - ) - ( - ) + + = 42 ( - 30% ) - (25. 2 + 9. 6) ( - 30 % ) + 4. 5 30% +. 6 30 % = 6. 87 ( ) ; : + + = ( 42-25. 2-9. 6-4. 5 -. 6) ( - 30 % ) + 4. 5 +. 6 = 6. 87 ( ) 2 4 : = 4 2 = 48 ( ) ; = 42 60 % = 25. 2 ( ) ; = 0. 8 2 = 9. 6 ( ) ; 2 4 = ( - ) - ( - ) + + = 48 ( - 30% ) - ( 28. 8 + 9. 6) ( - 30 % ) + 4. 5 30 % +. 6 30% = 8. 55 ( ) ; : + + = ( 48-28. 8-9. 6-4. 5 -. 6) ( - 30 % ) + 4. 5 +. 6 = 8. 55 ( ) ( 3) :, : 0. 6 ( 2 30 % ) ; 2, 4,, 5 = ( - ) - ( - ) + + + = 48 ( - 30 % ) - (28. 8 + 9. 6) ( - 30% ) +. 6 30% + 0. 6 + 2 = 9. 8 ( ) : = + + ( ) + = ( 48-28. 8-9. 6 -. 6-2) ( - 30% ) +. 6 + 2 + 2 = 9. 8 ( )

84 : = ( - ),, 2 ( 20-8 ), 2 ( 4) : = [ 68700 ( /, 0 %, ) + 85500 ( /, 0%, 3 ) ( /, 0%, ) + 98000 ( /, 0 %, 5 ) ] - [ 200000 + 20000 + 40000 + 40000 ( /, 0 %, 2. 5 ) ] = ( 68700 0. 909 + 85500 2. 487 0. 909 + 98000 0. 62 ) - [ 200000 + 20000 + 40000 + 40000 ( + 0% ) 2 + 0% ] = 62448 + 93288 + 60858-2959 = 25075 ( ), ; ; ; ( ). 2. 3. ( ),, ( 2),,, = 3200, = 0000, : ( /,, 5) = 0000 3200 ( ) = 3200 ( /,,5 ) - 000 = 0 = 3. 25 ( ) = 0 %,, > 0, > 0 % : = 0% =? > 0 = 0,,, = 0 %, > 0,

85, = 0,,,, 0%,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,, ( )., :,,, ;, ;,,, ( ) ( ) ( 2) ( 3) : = - - : = + : = ( - ) - ( - ) + :,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,, : = ( ) - ( ) - = - ( - - ) - = + + ( ) 2.,,,

86 :,,, 5 : ( ). + 0000. ( 33000-0000 ) 40% = 9200 :, 9200,, 9200 7000 6000 = 7000 - : ( 7000-6000 ) 40% = 6600 ( ) ( ) :,,, (7000-6000 ) 40 % = 600 ( ),,,,, ( 2) 6000, 60000, 6000, 6,, 9000, 6 54000, 6000,, : : 6000 54000 : 60000 : 6000 : 6000, ( 3),,,,,,,, : 9200 :. : 8600 ( - 40% ). : 28000 ( - 40% ). ( ) : - 9000 40 % : ( ) : = - 6600 = 9200 + 8600 ( - 40% ) ( /, 0%, 4) + 28000 ( - 40 % ) ( /, 0%, 2 ) - 9000 40% ( /, 0%, 3) - 6600 ( /, 0%, 4) = 35973 ( ) ( 4),,,,,,,,, 4, 3, 3 3, :

87 : 9200 : : ( 5). : 8600 ( - 40% ). : 28000 ( - 40 % ). ( ) : - 9000 40 %. : - [ 7000 - (7000-6000) 40 % ] = - 6600 ( ). ( ) ( ) : - 9000 40% = - 3600 ( ),, :,, :. ;. ( ) ( ). = = 0 ( + ) (, ), : ( ) = ( + ) = 0, = + ( - ),,, : = + ( - ) ( 2),, = ( + ) = 0 :, 0,,,,, 2.

88, :, ( ) :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2),,,,,,,, ( 3),,,,,,,,,,,,, 3.,,, ( ), :,,,,,,,,,,,

89 ( 2),,, : = ( + / ),,,,,,, ( ) [ ], ( )...., : ( ) ( ) : = - = - ( + ) = - - ( 2) ( ) : = + ; ( 3) : = - +,, ;,,,,, [ 2], ( )...., :,, ;

90 ;,, ( ),,,, ( ) [ ] ( )....,,,,,,, = +,, ( ) [ ], ( ) : = ( - ) ( ) [ ] 3, 4950, 5, 250, 750, 8500, 3750, 6, 850, 2500 2%, 30 %,, 6, 0% :,, ( ) = 250 ( - 30 % ) ( /, 2 %, 5 ) = 250 ( - 30 % ) 3. 6048 = 5425. 22 ( ) = ( 4950-495) 6 = 2242. 50 ( ) = 2242. 50 30% ( /, 2%, 3) = 2242. 50 30% 2. 408 = 65. 8 ( ) = [750 - ( 750-4950 0 % ) 30% ] ( /, 2%, 5) = [750 - ( 750-4950 0 % ) 30% ] 0. 5674 = 949. 54 ( ) = 8500 - [8500 - (4950-2242. 50 3) ] 30% = 846. 75 ( ) = 5425. 22 + 846. 75-65. 8-949. 54 = 276. 62 ( ) = 276. 62 ( /, 2 %, 5 ) = 276. 62 3. 6048 = 328. 22 ( ) ( 2) = 3750 ( )

9 = 850 ( - 30 % ) ( /, 2%, 6) = 850 ( - 30 % ) 4. 4 = 2446. 28 ( ) = ( 3750-375) 6 = 2062. 50 ( ) = 2062. 50 30% ( /, 2%, 6) = 2062. 50 30% 4. 4 = 2543. 93 ( ) = [2500 - ( 2500-3750 0 % ) 30% ] ( /, 2%, 6) = [2500 - ( 2500-3750 0 % ) 30% ] 0. 5066 = 095. 52 ( ) = 3750 + 2446. 8-2543. 93-095. 52 = 2556. 83 ( ) = 2556. 83 ( /, 2 %, 6 ) = 2556. 83 4. 4 = 3054. 5 ( ) (3054. 5 ) ( 328. 22 ),, : ( ),,, ( 2) :,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( 3),,,, : ( ) : 8500 (, ) [8500 - ( 4950-2242. 50 3 ) ] 30 % = 83. 25 = 8500-83. 25 = 846. 75, 846. 75 ( 2) : = 250 ( - 30 % ) = 505 ( ) = - 2242. 50 30 % = - 672. 75 ( 3,, 6, 3, 3 ) ( 3) : ( ) 750, - 750 ; 750 495, (750-495) 30 % = 76. 5, = 750-76. 5 = 673. 5 ( ), - 673. 5 = = 846. 75 + 505 ( /, 2%, 5 ) - 672. 75 ( /, 2 %, 3 ) - 673. 5 ( /, 0 %, 5 ) = 276. 62 ( ) = 276. 62 ( /, 2 %, 5 ) = 276. 62 3. 6048 = 328. 22 ( ) [ 2] 5500, 500, 3, ( ) 0000 20000 5000, 4000 2000 5000 40 %, 0 %, 20000

92 : ( ), 3 ( 2) ( ) = (5500-500) / 3 = 5000 ( ) = 20000 + (0000-4000 - 5000) ( - 40 % ) = 20000 + 000 60 % = 20600 ( ) = 20000 + (20000-2000 - 5000 ) ( - 40% ) = 20000 + 3000 60 % = 2800 ( ) = 20000 + (5000-5000 - 5000) ( - 40 % ) = 20000 + 5000 60 % = 23000 ( ) ( 2) = ( 20600-20000 ) + 5000 = 5600 ( ) = (2800-20000) + 5000 = 6800 ( ) = (23000-20000) + 5000 + 500 = 8500 ( ) = 5600 ( /, 0%, ) + 6800 ( /, 0 %, 2 ) + 8500 ( /, 0 %, 3) - 5500 = 5600 0. 909 + 6800 0. 826 + 8500 0. 75-5500 = 5090. 4 + 566. 8 + 6383. 5-5500 = 7090. 7-5500 = 590. 7 ( ),, [ 3], 3000, 500 ( 5, 0%, ),, 5 4, 5, 6 33 %, 0 %,, 300 : ( ) (,, )? ( 2) ( )?? = 3000 ( - 0 % ) 5 = 540 ( ) = + = 500 ( - 33% ) + 540 = 875 ( ) ( ) (4) = + + - (3 ) = 3 + = 875 ( /, 0%, 4) + 300 ( /, 0%, 4) + 540 33 % ( /, 0 %, 4 ) - 3000 = 875 3. 70 + 300 0. 683 + 78. 2 0. 683-3000 = 2773. 75 + 204. 9 + 2. 7-3000 = 300. 36-3000 = 00. 36 ( ) = + + - = 875 ( /, 0 %, 3 ) + 300 ( /, 0 %, 3 ) + 540 2 33 % ( /, 0 %, 3 ) - 3000 = 875 2. 487 + 300 0. 75 + 540 2 0. 33 0. 75-3000 = 276. 25 + 225. 3 + 267. 6564-3000 = 2669. 08-3000 = - 330. 92 ( ) 330. 92 = 3. 77 ( ) 330. 92 + 00. 36

93 ( 2) 3. 77 : ( ),,,,, 4, 4 ( 2),,, ( 4), = 0,,,, 3 ( 3) :,,,,,,,, ( 4) :,,,,,,,, ;,, 300, 3000, 300, 5,, 540, 5 2700, 300,,,,,, ( 5),,,,,,, 4, ( 5 ) 540, 540, 540 33 % ; 3, 2 2 540 = 080, 2 540 = 080, 2 540 33 % = 356. 4,,, ( ) ( )., ( ).... 2., ( ).... 3. 00, 0, 0 25, 8, 0 ( ). 8. 25. 33. 43 4., 000, 400,

94 ( ). 400. 600. 000. 400 5.,,, ( ).... 6., 0%, 500, 5 %, - 480, ( ). 3. 5 %. 2. 75 %. 2. 55%. 2. 25 % 7. 0%, 500, ( ). 0 %. 0 %. 0%. 8. 300, 20, 85, 40 %, ( ). 90. 39. 75. 54 9. 0,. 5, 0%, ( ). 3. 5. 4. 6 0., ( )..... ( )...,. 2. 2000,, 3, 4600, ( ). 7. 32 %. 7. 68%. 8. 32 %. 6. 68 % 3., ( ).... 4., ( )... 3200,, 3500, 5000, 5000., ( ) ( ), 5., ( ).... 6. 0,, 5, 5,, ( ). 5. 0. 5. 20

95 7. ( ).,.,.,. ( ). ( )...., 2. ( ).,..,. 3., ( ).,.,... 4., ( ).... 5. 0, 48000, 3000, 5,,, 33%, ( ). 2. 86. 3. 33. 0. 05% ( ). 35% ( ) 6. ( ).... ( ).,,, ( ) 2.,, ( ) 3., ( ) 4.,, ( ) ( ). 2000 2 3, 500, 3,,

96 3 ( ) 200 2000 500, 400 000 600, 500, 8 %,,, 2% 33 %, 0 % : ( ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4) 2., 5 ( ),, 33 % : : 299000, 90000, 0000, 000 ( ), 5 9000 ( ) : : 550000, 5 50000 ( ) 0000, 20000 ; 2 4 00000 ; 5 4000 ; 80000, : 4% 4940. 44, 6% - 7839. 03 :, : 0 = 200000 : 4%, 8% 5-4: = - 75860 ; 5 5-4 5 ( /,, 5 ) ( /,, 5 ) ( /,, 5 ) ( /,, 5 ) 0 % 6. 05 3. 7908. 605 0. 6209 2 % 6. 3529 3. 6048. 7623 0. 5674 4 % 6. 60 3. 433. 9254 0. 594 6 % 6. 877 3. 2773 2. 003 0. 476 : ( ) ; ( 2) ; ( 3) ; ( 4),,,

97 ( )., ( ) ( ),,,, 2. 3. 0 = + = 25 + 8 = 33 ( ) 4. = - = 000-400 = 600 ( ) 5.,,, 6. 7., 0%, 500, ( ),,, 0% 8. = (300-20) ( - 40 % ) + 85 = 39 9. = 0/ (. 5 + 0 0 % ) = 4 ( ) 0. : ( ) ; (2 ) ; (3 ) ; ( 4)., 2., 2000 = 4600 ( /,, 3), ( /,, 3) = 2. 6087,, 3., ;,,,

98 4. 3200, 3500, 5000, 3500 5.,, 6.,, 7., ;, ;, ; ( ). 2.,,,, 3. 4. : ( ) ; (2 ) ; ( 3) 5. = - - = 48000-3000 - (48000-3000 - 00000 5) 33 % = 30050 ( ) = ( 48000-3000 - 00000 5) ( - 33 % ) = 0050 ( ) = 00000/ 30050 = 3. 33 ( ) = 0050 00000 00% = 0. 05% ( ) 6. = ( /,, ) = 0, ( )., 2. 3.,,,,

99 4. ( ). ( ) = [500 8 % ( - 33% ) ] [ 500 ( - 2 % ) ] = 5. 47 % ( 2) = 500 3 = 500 ( ) 200 : (200-400 - 500-500 8 % ) ( - 33% ) = 20. 6 ( ) 2002 : (2000-000 - 500-500 8% ) ( - 33 % ) = 254. 6 ( ) 2003 : (500-600 - 500-500 8 % ) ( - 33% ) = 87. 6 ( ) ( 3) 200 = 20. 6 + 500 + 500 8 % = 740. 6 ( ) 2002 = 254. 6 + 500 + 500 8 % = 874. 6 ( ) 2003 = 87. 6 + 500 + 500 8 % = 807. 6 ( ) ( 4) = - 500 + 740. 6 0. 909 + 874. 6 0. 8264 + 807. 6 0. 753 = 502. 80 ( ) 2. ( ) : = 299000-90000 = 09000 ( ) = 0000-000 = 09000 ( ) ( 2) : = 550000-09000 = + 44000 ( ) = 20000 + 80000 = + 00000 ( ) = 0000-00000 = + 0000 ( ) = 0000 ( - 33% ) = + 6700 ( ) 2 4 = 00000 ( - 33 % ) = + 67000 ( ) 5 = 50000-9000 = + 4000 ( ) : 0 = - 44000 ( ) = 6700 + 80000 = + 86700 ( ) 2 4 = 67000 + 80000 = + 47000 ( ) 5 = 4000 + 4000 = + 55000 ( ) = 4% + ( 3) : = - 0 5 = 200000 :, : ( /,, 5) = 75860 = 3. 7908 200000 ( /, 0 %, 5 ) = 3. 7908 4940. 44 ( 6 % - 4% ) = 5. 3 % 4940. 44 - ( - 7839. 03) = 75860 ( )

00 = 0% ( 4) : = 4 % + 8% = 2 % ( 5),,, = 5. 3% > 2 %, 0 % < 2%, : ( : )

,,,, 9 6-2002 8 2 9 200 2 6 4 0 2000 6 4 0 999 2 2 2 4 5 9 ( )., ( ) (2002 )....,,,, 2., ( ) (200 ).... : 3 3 2 / 4 + : ; ;

02 ( ),,, ( ), ( ) (200 ).... ( ) ( ),,,,, ( ).,,,, ( ) (200 ),,,,,,,,,, 2., ( ) (2000 ),,,, ( ). :, 500 080, 360, 3 ; 2000 /, 00 / ( ) ; 000 /, 74. 08 / ; 500, 580 ;, 80 4, 6-2 : 6-2 ( ) 9 0 2 3 4 5 0. 04 0. 08 0. 8 0. 4 0. 8 0. 08 0. 04 : : ( ) ; ( 2) ( ) ;

03 ( 3) ( ) ; ( 4) (2002 ) ( ) * = 2 = 2 080 74. 08 00 = 40( ) ( 2) * = * 2 = 40 2 500 = 0000( ) ( 3) = + + = 000 + 080 74. 08 + 080 500 = 543000. 6( ) 40 = 2 + 2 = 2000 + 00 40 2 = 4000( ) ( 4) = 3 4 = 2 ( ) ( = 0) = [ ( 3-2) 0. 8 + (4-2 ) 0. 08 + ( 5-2) 0. 04] 80 27 = 993. 60 ( ) ( = ) = [ ( 4-3) 0. 08 + (5-3 ) 0. 04 ] 80 27 + 00 = 445. 60 ( ) ( = 2) = [ ( 5-4) 0. 04] 80 27 + 2 00 = 286. 40 ( ) ( = 3) = 0 80 27 + 3 00 = 300 ( ) 2 = 2 + 2 = 4 ( ) 2.,,,, 6-3: 6-3 ( / ) 2400 2600 2700 ( / ) 40 20 0 2 3 4 2 % 2. 5 % 3 % 20 %, 5% :,?,? : : : ( ) = 2400 20% = 480 ( ) ( 2) ( ) = 2400 60 ( - 20 % ) 5% = 48 ( ) 360 (200 )

04 ( 3) = 2400 2 % = 48 ( ) ( 4) = 40 ( ) ( 5) = 480-48 - 48-40 = 344 ( ) : ( ) = 2600 20% = 520 ( ) ( 2) ( ) = 2600 90 ( - 20 % ) 5 % = 78 ( ) 360 ( 3) = 2600 2. 5% = 65 ( ) ( 4) = 20 ( ) ( 5) = 520-78 - 65-20 = 357 ( ) : ( ) = 2700 20% = 540 ( ) ( 2) ( ) = 2700 20 ( - 20 % ) 5% = 08 ( ) 360 ( 3) = 2700 3 % = 8 ( ) ( 4) = 0 ( ) ( 5) = 540-08 - 8-0 = 34 ( ),, : : : = 520-480 = 40 ( ) = 78-48 = 30 ( ) = 20-40 = - 20 ( ) = 65-48 = 7 ( ) = 40-30 + 20-7 = 3 ( ) : = 540-480 = 60 ( ) = 08-48 = 60 ( ) = 0-40 = - 30 ( ) = 8-48 = 33 ( ) = 60-60 + 30-33 = - 3 ( ),,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,, = - ; = - = - - = -

05 =, 3.,, : ( ) 3600, 60, 00, 5, 250 ( 2) 4000, 500, 540, 0, 288 ( 3), ( 4) 8 %, : ( : ) (2000 ) ( ) = ( 00-60 ) 3600 = 44000 ( ) = ( 540-500) 4000 = 60000 ( ) = 60000-44000 = 6000 ( ) ( 2) = = 600 2 = = 480 2 2 3600 250 5 60 = 8000 ( ) 2 4000 288 0 = 20000( ) = 600( ) = 480( ) = (20000-8000 ) 8 % = 8360 ( ),,,,,,,,,,,. ; 2. ( ) ; 3. ; 4. ( )

06 ( ).,, 2. 3. ( ) ( 2),,, ;, ;, : : ; ; = 3 3 2 4 + = 3-2 ( ), ( ). 2., : 3. ( ) ( 2) : ( ) = +, ( ) : = = ( 2) :. ;. ;. ;. ( ) ;. ;. ( ) = 360,, ; 360,, ;

07 ( ). 2. 3. ( ),,, ( 2) :, : ( - ) 2 0 ; 2 + 2 2 =, 2 + 2 2 (,, 2 ) : ( ) 2 + ( ) 2 2 ; + 2 =, + 2 ( ) = + 2, 2 = = 2, : * = 2 / : ( * ) = 2 : * = 2 / * * = / * = 2 : ( * ) = 2 : * = / * * = * 2 = ( 3) 2,,,,, 4. : * = 2 ( - ) : ( * ) = 2 ( -, : = )

08 = ( - ) / = ( - / ) = / 2 ( - / ) - * * ( ) 5. 6. ( ) ( ) : ( ) = + ( 2) : ( ) = + : ( ) ; ; ; ; ; ( 3) ( ),, ( 4), : ( ) (, ) = +,,, ( 2) 6-4 6-4 0 2 3 4 60 % 20 % 0 % 5 % 5 % 4 : ( ) = 0, = 0, = 00 ( ) = 0 20 % + 20 0% + 30 % 5 % + 40 5 %, ( 2) =, = 0, = 0 ( ) = (20-0) 0% + ( 30-0) 5% + ( 40-0) 5%,, ( ) [ ], ( )

09. =. =. =. =, : = ; = ; = ; = ; = ; = ; ; ( ) [ ], ( )..... : * = 2 - = 2 : ; ; ; ; : ; ( ) [ ],, ( ),,,,, ( ) [ ], 6-5 : 6-5 0. 0. 2 0. 4 0. 2 0. 0 500 000 500 2000 0, 4. 8, 25%, 2

0, 3,, 50 % : 0 500 000 = 4. 8 25 % =. 2 ( ) 3 =. 2/ 52 3 = 0. 3 ( ) = (0-4. 8) 50 % = 2. 6 ( ) ( ) 0, 0. 2 500 + 0. 4 000 + 0. 2 500 + 0. 2000 = 000 = [ ( 500-000 ) 0. 2 + (2000-000) 0. ] 2. 6 = 520 ( ) = 520 + 0 = 520 ( ) ( 2) 500, 500 : = ( 2000-500 ) 0. 2. 6 = 30 ( ) = 30 + 500 0. 3 = 280 ( ) ( 3) 000, 2000 : = 0 = 0 + 000 0. 3 = 300 ( ) : 500 ( )., ( ).. ( ).. 2. ( ).... 3., ( ).... 4. 600, 30, 60%, 0 %, ( ). 0. 6. 3. 2 5. 2400, 400, 2, ( ). 2. 6. 3. 4 6. / 30, 3600, / 60, 7200, 60%, 0 % (. 3600. 54. 360. 540 7. ( ).... 8., ( ).... 9.,, ( ).... )

0., ( ).... ( )., ( ).... 2., ( ).,... 3., ( )..... 4. 6 25 / 30, / 60 00, 5 %, 30, ( ). 6 25. 7 25. 8 4. 99 5., ( ).... 6., ( )..... 7. ( ).... 8. ( ).... 9., ( ). ( )... 0., ( )....., ( ).... ( ). ( ) 2., ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5., ( )

2 6.,, ( ) 7. ( ) 8.,, ( ) 9. ( ) 0.,, ( ).,, ( ) 2. ( ) ( ). 0 % 30, 800, 20%, 25, %, 2/ 20, / 30, / 40 5%, %. 2 %, 30% 20, 40 % 30 ; 50 : 2. 250000, 0 /, 50000 400 / : ( )? ( 2) 0. /, 4000,? ( 3) ( 2),,?? ( ) 200 4000, 3000, 600 2002 : 45 ( / 45), 5000, 45, 20, 2% ; ( 2/ 0, / 20, / 90), 5400, 30 % 0, 20 % 20, 50 % 90 (, 4% ), 50 3000 6000, 8 % (, ) :, ( )., 2. : ( ) ; (2 ) ; ( 3), ; ( 4 ),

3 ; (5) ; ( 6) ; ( 7), 3. 4. 600/ 360 30 60% 0 % = 3 ( ) 5. = 6. 2 2400 400/ 2 = 400 ( ) ; = 2400/ 400 = 6 ( ) 7200/ 360 60 60 % - 3600/ 360 30 60 % = 540 ( ) 7., ; 8. 9., 0., ( ).,,, 2. = = ( / ), ( / 2),,,, 3., ;,,, 4. = 99, 7 25 5. % - % 360 = 2 %, 60-30,,,, =, = / 2,, 6. 7. 8., ;

4 9., ;, 0.. 2.,,, ( ).,, 2.,, 3. =,, 4. 5.,, ; 6. 7. 8.,, 9., 0.,,.,, 2., ( ). ( ) = 800 5% 20 % = 8 ( ), ( 2) = 20 30% + 30 40 % + 40 30 % = 30 ( ) = 800 ( + 5 % ) ( - 20% ) / 360 30-800 ( - 20% ) / 360 25

5 =. 56 ( ) ( 3) =. 56 0% =. 56 ( ) ( 4) = 800 5 % % = 0. 4 ( ) ( 5) = 800 ( + 5% ). 2% - 800 % = 2. 08 ( ) ( 6) = 800 ( + 5% ) 30% 2 % + 800 ( + 5% ) 40 % % = 8. 4 ( ) ( 7) = 50 ( - 20 % ) 0% = 2 ( ) ( 8) = (. 56 ) + 0. 4 + 2. 08 + 8. 4 + 2 = 24. 036 ( ) ( 9) = ( ) - ( 8) = - 6. 036 ( ), 0,,,, 2. ( ) = 250000/ 50000 400 = 2000 ( ) ( 2) = ( ) 2 / (2 ) = 4000 2 / ( 2 250000 0. ) = 320 ( / ) ( 3) = 2 250000 320 0. = 40000 ( ) = ( ) ( / 2) = 40000/ 2 0 = 200000 ( ) ( ) 200 : = 3000-600 = 2400 ( ) = 2400 00 % = 60% 4000 ( 2) = 5400 ( - 60% ) - 5000 ( - 60% ) = 60 ( ) ( 3) : = 5000 45 60 % 8 % = 30 ( ) 360 = 5000 2 % = 00 ( ) 20 ( ) = 30 + 00 + 20 = 50 ( ) ( 4) = 0 30 % + 20 20 % + 90 50% = 52 ( ) = 5400 52 60 % 8 % = 37. 44 ( ) 360 = 5400 50% 4 % = 08 ( ) = 5400 30% 2% + 5400 20% % = 43. 2 ( ) 50 = 37. 44 + 08 + 50 + 43. 2 = 238. 64 ( ) ( 5) = 238. 64-50 = 88. 64 ( ) ( 6)

, 6, 2003 7-2002 / 5 / 5 2. 2 3. 5 200 2 6 4 0 2000 2 2 3 999 2 2 2 4 2 2 6 8 ( ). 4000, 6%, 2, ( ) (2002 ). 6%. 0%. 2%. 8%, 2, 2 2. 5, 00, 2 %, 0 %,, ( ) (200 ). 93. 22. 00. 05. 35. 07. 58, : ( ) : = 00 ( /, 0 %, 5) + 00 2% ( /, 0%, 5) = 07. 58 ( ) ( 2) : = 00 ( + 2 % 5) ( /, 0%, 5) = 99. 34 ( ) 3., ( ) (2000 )....

7,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 4., ( ) (999 ).,.,.,., ( - ),,,,,,,,,, ( ). ( ) (200 ).,.,.., :, ; ; ;, 2., ( ) (2000 )...,.,,, ( ), ( ).,,,, ( ) (2002 ),, 2.,, ( ) (200 ),,

8,,,,,, ( ) 990, 5, : ( ) :, 000, ( ) 5. 60, 4 %,, 5 ( 2) :, 0%, 0%, 5 ( ) ( ) 0 %, : ( )? ( 2),, ( )? ( 3),? (200 ) ( ) = + = 000 ( /, 0%, 5) + 000 4% ( /, 0%, 5) = 000 0. 6209 + 000 4% 3. 7907 = 620. 9 + 530. 7 = 5. 6 ( / ) ( 2) : = 5. 60-5. 60 = 00 ( ) = 990 00 / = 9000 ( ) = + = 9000 000 ( + 4% 5) = 530 ( ) : = 990/ ( - 0% ) = 00 ( ) = 00 ( + 0% 5) = 650 ( ), ( 3) : = 900 ( /, 0 %, 5 ) + 900 4% ( /, 0%, 5) = 900 0. 6209 + 26 3. 7907 = 558. 8 + 477. 63 = 036. 44 ( ) : 5 = 00 ( + 0 % 5) ( /, 0%, 5) = 650 0. 6209 = 024. 49 ( ),,,,,, 900, 990 5,,,,, : ( ),, =,

9,,,,, = -, ( ), ( 2), 990,, 990,, 00 [ 990/ ( - 0% ) ]., ; 2. ; 3., ; 4. ( ) ; 5. ; 6. ( ). 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ( ). ( ) : ; ; ( 2),,,, 2. ( ) ( 2) :,, ;,, :, :,, ( 3) ( ),

20. ( ) 2.,,, 3. ( ). 2. : ( ) 2/ 0, / 30, 000. ( 20 ) 2. ( 20 ) ( 2) ( ) 2% - 2 % 360 = 36. 7% 30-0,,,,, ( 3) : : ( 4) ( ) ( 5) 3. ( ). 38 % ; ; ( 2) : = : >. 38. % 36%,. 36. 4 % 39 %, : 2 : = 2 ( 3) : ; ; : ; ; 4.

2, 7-2, ; ( ),,,,, : 7-7 - : ( ) [ ], ( )....,, ;,,,,

22, ;,,,,, [ 2] ( )...,.,, : = - 360 - : (, ), ( ) [ ],, ( )., 70%. 3, 3 7%.. [ 2],, ( )...., : (, ) ;, (, ) ; (, ) ; (, ) ;,, ( ) [ ],, ( ),,, ;,,

23 [ 2] 22000, 8000 000 ( ) 8000 + 5000, 00% = 62. 2 % 70 %, 22000 + 5000 ( ) [ ] 20000, : ( ) 5 %,, ( 2) 2 %, 5 %, ( 3) %, 0 % ( 4) 0 %,, 20000? : ( ),, 5% ; ( 2) = 2%/ ( - 5 % ) = 4. 2% ( 3) = %/ ( - % - 0% ) = 3. 92 % ( 4) = 20000 0%/ (20000/ 2) = 20 %,, [ 2] 40, 6 : ( ), 2%, 80 % 6 7000 2/ 0, / 30, 40 ( 2) 20%, ( 3), 0%, 70% 6 0000 ( ) : ( ) : : 400000 80% 2 %/ 2 = 9200 ( ) : 7000 : 2%/ 35996 ( 2) 400000 20% / 2 = 40000 ( ) ( - 2 % ) 360/ 30 400000 ( - 80 % ) / 2 = 9796 ( ) ( 3) : 400000 70 % 0% / 2 = 4000 ( ) : 0000 : 2%/ 38688 ( - 2 % ) 360/ 30 400000 ( - 70 % ) / 2 = 4688 ( ),, 6 [ 3], : ( ), 9630 ; (2 ) 30, 9750 ; ( 3 ) 3 6, 9870

24 ; (4 ) 6 90, 0000 5%, 360 : ( ), ( ) : : : ( 2) 30 : : : ( 3) 60 : : : 000-9630 00% = 3. 70 % 0000 3. 70 % - 3. 70% 360 = 5. 37 % 90-0 0000-9750 00 % = 2. 5 % 0000 2. 5% - 2. 5 % 360 = 5. 38 % 90-30 0000-9870 00 % =. 3 % 0000. 3% -. 3 % 360 = 5. 8 % 90-60 ( 4) 60 9870 ( ) 5 %,,,,,,, [ 4] 6000,,, 3, 30 % 4500 : ( )? ( 2) 5, 0. 40,? ( 3) 5,?,?? ( 4),, ( ) = 3 ( - 30 % ) = 2. ( ) = 2. - 0. 6 =. 5 ( ) ( 2) = 0. 40 5 = 6 ( / ) ( 3) =. 5 5 = 0. 3 ( ) = 0. 45 (0. 3 + 0. 6) = 5 0. 5 = 0 ( ) = 0. 5 ( / ) (4 ) = 0. 6 ( - 25 % ) 25 % = 0. 2 ( ) ( 25% ) ( ). 0 % 20, 20%,

25 ( ). 0 %. 2. 5 %. 20%. 5% 2. 200, 0. 5%, 20,, ( ). 0000. 6000. 4000. 8000 3. 00,, 0%, ( ). %. 0 %. 9 %. 2% 4., ( )... 4600. 5., ( ).... 6. ( ).... 7. 000, 2%, 6, 2 %, ( ). 000. 000. 000. 8.,, ( ).... 9., ( ).... 0., ( ).,.,.,.,., ( ).... 2. 60, 20 %, ( ). 60. 72. 75. 67. 2 ( )., ( )... 4900. 39000, 24. 8 % 2. ( )...,.

26 3., ( ).... 4.,, ( ).... 5. ( ).... 6., ( ).... 7., ( ).,... ( )., ( ) 2., ( ) 3.,, ( ) 4.,,, ( ) 5.,, ( ) 6. 56800, 25560, 2000 ( ) ( )., 3/ 0, / 30 ; 2/ 20, / 30, : ( ) 0 30, 60 %, 0, 3 % ( 2), ( 3), 2. 00,, : ( ), 4 % ( 2), 2 % ( 3), 0 %, 20%,?? ( ).

27 0 %/ ( - 20% ) = 2. 5% 2. (200-20 ) 0. 5 % = 4000 ( ) 3. 0 %/ ( - 0% ) = % 4., 5000 ; ; 5. 6.,, 7.,,, >, 8., 9., ; ( ),, 0.,. 2. 60-20 % ( ). = 75 ( ) 2., ;,,, 3.,,,,, ( = / / 2), 2, 4., 5. = + ( ), 6.

28,,,, 7., :, : ; ;, ;, ( )., 2., ;,,, 3.,, 4.,, 5.,,,, ;, 6., 70%,,, ( ). ( ) 0, = 3%/ ( - 3% ) (360/ 20) = 56%, 0 30 60%, 60 % > 56%, ( 2) 56 %, : 2 %/ ( - 2 % ) (360/ 0) = 73 % ( 3),,,,,, 2. ( ), 4%, 00 ( 2) : = = 2 % - 2 % = 3. 6 % 00-2 % ( 3) : = = = 3. 64% 0 % - 20 % = 2. 5 % 00-20 % = 25%

,,, 29

, 8-2002 2 2 3 200 6 3 8 2000 999 6 6 ( ). ( ) (200 )....,,,,,, ;, ;,, 2. ( ) (2000 )....,,,,,,,

3 ( ), ( ) (2002 )...., :,, ( ). 00 (, 25 ), 400, 500 0 %, 250, 250 ( ) (2002 ) 0%, 0 0 0, 240, 250, 0 %, 250, 0, 240 2.,,, ( ) (200 ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ). : 00, 200, 3 8-2: 8-2 2 3 ( ) 200 250 200 ( ) 00 500 200, 30 %,, ",,, 2,,

32 : ( ), ; ( 2), (200 ) ( ) 8-3 8-3 : 2 3. 00 500 200 200 250 200 00 00 00 + 0/ 2 = 55 2. 200-00 = 00 250-00 = 50 200-55 = 45 00-00 = 0 500-50 = 350 200-45 = 55 200 + 00 = 300 300 + 500 = 800 800 + 200 = 000 800 30 % = 240 000 30 % = 300 3. 0 240 60 4. 0 350-240 = 0 55-60 = 95 ( 2) 8-4 8-4 : 2 3. 00 500 200 200 250 200 ( ) 200-00 = 00 250-500 = - 250 200-200 = 0 00 0 0 2. 00 0 0 0 250 0 200 + 00 = 300 300 + 500 = 800 800 + 200 = 000 800 30 % = 240 000 30 % = 300 3. 0 240 0 4. 0 250-240 = 0 0,, ( ), :,, ; ;,, 2 0, 55 ( 2 ),, 55 3

33 (),,,,,,,,, 30%, ( + ),,, 30%, 30 %, () (2),,,,,, ;,,, 2. 8-5 : 8-5 ( 2, 200 ) 400 60 840 400 35 : 3 ( ) 0, 0. 2, ( 2) 2, ( 3), 0,, 30, (999 ) ( ) = 200 ( + 0 % ) = 220 ( ) = 2 220 = 440 ( ) = 60 + (35-2) 20 = 820 ( ) = 0. 2 220 = 44 ( ) = 840-35 20-44 = 96 ( ) ( 2) = 200 2 = 400 ( ) = 400 = 400 ( ) = 60 ( ) = 840 ( ) ( 3) = 35/ (400/ 200) = 5 30 = 30/ 5 = 6 ( ) 30 = 6 220 = 320 ( ) 30 = (400-320) / 220 = 0. 36 ( )

34 ( 3), 400/ 200 = 7, 35/ 7 = 5,, 30, 30/ 5 = 6,, 220, ( ) 220 6 = 320, 400-320 = 80, 80/ 220 = 0. 36,, 35 2 ; 30,,., ; 2. ( ) ; 3. ; 4. ( ). 2. ( ). 2. ( )., : () ; ( 2 ) ; ( 3 ) ; ( 4 ) 2. ( ),,,,, ( 2),, :,,,,,,

35 ( 3),,,,,,,,,, ( 4) ;,, : ;, ( ). ( ),,,,,, ( 2) 2. ( ) [ ] 000000,, 3000000, 8000000, 20 ; 0%, ( ). 000000. 2900000. 4900000. 3000000,, 0% : ( ) = 000000 0 % = 00000 ( ) ( ) = 20 000000 0% = 2000000 ( ) ( ) = 2000000-00000 = 900000 ( ) = 3000000 + 900000 = 4900000 ( ) [ 2], ( )....,,,,,,,,,,,

36 ( ) [ ], ( ).....,,,, ;, ;, ( ) [ ] ; ;, ; ( ) [ 2] ; ( ),,, ;,,, ( ) [ ] 8-6 : 8-6 000 400 ( ) 2000 4000 ( 500, ) 500 40 00 : 5% ( ), 0 % ( 0 ), 0. :, ( ) = 2000 5 % = 300 ( ) = 400 + 300 = 700 ( ) ( 2) = 500 ( + 0 % ) = 550 ( ) ( 3) = 40 500 0% = 2000 ( ) = 550 = 550 ( )

37 = 00 + (2000-500 0 % ) = 2050 ( ) ( 4) = 500 ( + 0 % ) 0. = 55 ( ) = 000 + ( 2000-300 - 2000-55) = 645 ( ) ( 5) = 40/ (4000 500) = 5 = 645 + 2050 + 700 + 550 550 = 7. 7 5 = 35. 85 ( / ) = 7. 7 ( ),,, ( ). ( ).... 2. ( ).... 3., ( ).... 4.,, ( ).... 5., ( ).... 6.,, ( ).... 7.,, ( ).... ( ). ( ).... 2., ( ).... 3., ( )