40,,, (CIP) /.:,2004. 4 ISBN 7-116 - 04049-8.... P641.5 CIP ( 2004) 015147 KUANGQUANSHU I WENQUANSHUI DE KANCHAPINGJIA YU KAIFA LIYONG : : : : 31, 100083 : ( 010 ) 82324508 ( ) : http:/ / www.gph. com. cn : zbs@ gph. com. c n : ( 010 ) 82310759 : : 787 mm1092mm 1 / 16 : 5.75 : 4 : 140 : 1 400 : 2004 4 : 18. 00 ISBN 7116 040498/ P2461 (,,)
20 50,, 20 50,, 1959, 1964, 1967,,,, 20 80, 1984,,, 2002 8 15
1 ( 1 ) 1. 1 ( 1 ) 1. 2 ( 4 ) 1. 3 ( 8 ) 2 (10) 2. 1 (10) 2. 2 (10) 3 (16) 3. 1 (16) 3. 2 (16) 3. 3 (18) 3. 4 (22) 3. 5 (25) 3. 6 (25) 3. 7 (27) 3. 8 (27) 4 (28) 4. 1 (28) 4. 2 (28) 4. 3 ( ) (29) 4. 4 (29) 4. 5 (30) 5 (32) 5. 1 (32) 5. 2 (33) 5. 3 (35) 6 (37) 6. 1 (39) 6. 2 (40) 6. 3 (41) 6. 4 (41)
7 (44) 7. 1 (44) 7. 2 (45) 7. 3 (45) 7. 4 (46) 7. 5 (47) 7. 6 (47) 8 (49) 8. 1 (49) 8. 2 (50) 8. 3 (52) 9 (53) 9. 1 (53) 9. 2 (56) 10 (77) 10.1 (77) 10.2 (82) 10.3 (83) 10.4 (83) 10.5 (84) 10.6 (85) 10.7 (86) (88)
1 1. 1 1.1.1, 4000,,, 500600, :,,,,,,,,, ( 221207 ) ( 140 88 ) 100, ;, ; 300 :,,,,,,, 618,,,,,,, ( 618907 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1963,,,, : ( ),, 12, 3,,, ( 13681644 ), :,,, ;,,, ( 16441911 ), 1
1.1.2 1939,, 1956, 900 1952, 1957,, 1958 1964, ( ), : 1965,, 1970,, : :! 1970 12 13,, ( ),, 170 2 kwh 2003 4 21, ZK4002, 15002000 m, 329. 8 1980 36 ; 1981 ; 1996,, 1.1.3, :,,,, 2
, 1987 3 18 :, 600,,,, ; ;, 17,,,, 1630, 1820,,, :,,, 1900,,,,,, : 1931,,,,, 1962 1940, 1958, 1984, 1959,, 1960, ; 1962 ; 1965,, : : 296 1969, 1977, 4, 1983 8 1984 12 24, 1984 12 30,, 3
, 60, 4000, 1.9 L, 23 1985,,,, 1986,, 1987 1989, 1990 2500 t,, 1991,,,,,, 1994 9 3 : 1995,, : GB85371995 1996,, 20 5060 :, 1997, 195 t, ( 1999 12 ) 2000 9, 2000 6, :,, 1980 t 1997 195 t, 17 11.47% 1000 2001 8 2001 14 ( ) 2 269 254 t,, 763 250 t ; 514 216 t ; 194 636 t; 111 851 t ; 81 045 t 1. 2 1.2.1 1969, 1985,, (1 ) :, 4
,, 41. 5, 1987, 2.4mg/ LGB853787 2. 5mg/ L1994, 1. 6mg/ LGB85371995 2. 0mg/ L (2 ) :,,,,,,, 24, 100 m, 3, 300 m, 9, 33, 33,,,,,, 100 m, 3,,,, (3 ), :,,,,, :, (4 ) :,,,,,,,,,, 100 m 3,, (5 ) :? 1985,,,, 1985 : GB8537871995 GB85371995, : GB1161589, 1.2.2, 1958,,,, 5
,, 45 ; 45 GB85371995 50,,,,,,,,, ;,, 226,, 2.4mg/ L, 1987, GB8537871994 1. 6mg/ L, GB85371995,,,,,,,,,,, 1.2.3 ( ) 100 m, 3,,, 100 m, 3,, 3;,, 10,, 100 m 3,,,,, 100 m 3,, :,,,,,,, 100 m 3,,,, 600 m,, 100 m 3,,,, 100 m 3, 6
1.2.4,,,, 4 22, 1970 4 22, 2000, 1972 2002 4 22,,,,,,,,,,, 1.2.5,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 41.5,, 0.58mg/ L, 29. 9mg/ L Cl - SO 2-4 HCO - 3 Na +,, 1993, 1994 1996,,,,,,,,,, 1246mg/ L, 102mg/ L, 1. 22mg/ L, 1. 82mg/ L, 2811mg/ L, 5 GB85371995, ( 1. 82mg/ L),,, 1986 77 :, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, 4a, 40a,, 7
,,,,? :,, ;, ;, 1.2.6,,,,,,, 1. 3 1.3.1 GB853787, 9, : 18 ; 4 ; 2 ; 4 37, 52,,,,, 1000mg/ L 1.3.2 GB85371995 GB853787 : 2.5mg/ L 2. 0mg/ L 1mg/ L 0. 5mg/ L5mg/ L 0.7mg/ L, 0.200. 40mg/ L, 25. 0 30. 0mg/ L, 25 20 10 a 3 / 100mL 0 / 100mL 100cfu/ ml 50cfu/ ml,, GB85371995 GB853787,, 10 a 1.3.3 GB/ T1372792 ( ),, A 8
B (1 1) 1 1 : mgl - 1 250 250 1000 1 1 2 1 2 2 5 5 25 1 1 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 1 5 5 5 5 1 1 1.2 5 50 25 25 50 1 1 1 5 5 / gl - 1 10-11 10-11 > 10-11 / BqL - 1 37 47.14 129. 5 34 < 1000 1.3.4 GB1161589,, 1.3.5 GB163301996 ( ) 9
2 2. 1,,,,,,, :,,,,,, 2. 2 2.2.1,,,,,,,, 5 m,,, 33,,,, 2.2.2 1982 6, 1989, 2. 2. 2. 1,,,,,, 28 (21 ) ( 911 ), 87, 800 m, 92, 1970, 94, 83(2 2) 10
2 1-1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21 ; 22 ; 23 ; 24 ; 25 ; 26 ; 27 ; 28 22 50m 11
16,,,,,, 2. 2. 2. 2,,,,,, 1962 14, (23),, 2 3 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 12
1962 1996 4, 4, 7 m 5, 1. 82mg/ L, GB85371995 2. 2. 2. 3,,,,,,,,, :, 33, ( 2 4 ) 24 (, 1981 ) 13
2.2.3,,,,, 80 ( 2 5 ), M 6, ( 1600 )(1895 )( 1919 ) ( 1962 )(1969 ) 2 5,,, ( ),, 10, 4 22 12,, 14,, 26, 12, 2 (2 7),, ;,, ;,, 14 26
27 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ( ) ; 5 ( ) 15
3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!,,,, 3. 1,,, : -,,,, - 796 Bq/ L 87, 92, 1 359 Bq/ L, - 3. 2,,,,,,,,,,, : 16
, ( 3-1 ) 3-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 100 mg/ L ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 3-1 k m 10 10 3 2 2 1 12 1 1 1. 07 2. 31 2. 63 9. 51 1.30 5.83 0.53 6.48 9. 83 g/ L ( 1961 ) 1. 10 (1960 ) 2. 30 (1963 ) 2. 61 1960 7. 29 ( 1960 ) 1.13 ( 1959 ) 5.79 ( 1960 ) 0. 83 ( 1960 ) 5.39 (1963 ) 8. 72 ( 1961 ) (1960 ) (1980 ) (1980 ) ( 1971 ) ( 1980 ) ( 1975 ) ( 1975 ) (1980 ) mg/ L 566 ( 1961 ) 1302 (1960 ) 1396 (1963 ) 5497 (1960 ) 600 ( 1960 ) 3323 ( 1959 ) 200 ( 1960 ) 3688 ( 1960 ) 5717 (1963 ) g/ L 0. 02 2. 22 0.17 0.04 0.30 1.09 1. 11 g/ L 0. 001 0. 111 0. 015 0.002 0.073 0. 065 17
3-1 : (1 ) 3-1 20a,,,,,, 12km 1. 309. 83 g/ L, 5.839.83 g/ L 312km 0.532.63 g/ L ( 2) 0.0010. 073 g/ L, 35 g/ L, 35 000a, 480a (3 ) 3-1, 9.83 g/ L, 9830a, 135a (4 ) :, :,,, 92m, 38. 2, 6.2 g/ L, 16. 731 g/ L 82 : : : :,,,,,, 65% 84%,, 81% 88%,,,, 65% 70% 1 g/ L, 0. 20. 5 g/ L,,,, 3. 3 GB85371995, 18
250mg, GB/ T1372792 B : 1 000mg 3.3.1 : ; ; : ; ; ; ; ; : ; ;, ( 1989 ) :, 1702,, 200, (1987 ) 285a,,,, ( 1989) :,,,,, 8. 45 mg/ L, ph 5.0, 10, 0. 15kg/ cm 2, 3-2 3-2 30 1 7 22 / ( mgl - 1 ) 8. 45 637. 98 878. 8 1774. 5 2028 ph 5. 0 4. 6 4. 5 4. 4 3.3.2,, (,, ),,,,,,,, 19
,, 146mm 107d, 5. 412kg, 4. 4mm, 3mm(3-3) 3-3 / ( mgl - 1 ) / ( mgl - 1 ) 0.112 0. 08 ( 79d ) 56 0. 8 0. 6 0. 2 :,,, : ph 7,,,,,,,,, (1 ) :,,,,, :,,,,, (2 ), ph (3 ) :, -,, 1702 (4 ) :,,,,,,,,, (5 ) : :, ph 20
,,,, 42a,,, (GB/ T853887 ),,, : GB85381995,,,,,,,,,,,, 300500km, 259 1 667 mg/ L, 914 mg/ L (3-4 ) 3-4 mgl - 1 mgl - 1 mgl - 1 270 529 259 518 1400 882 366 1214 848 238 1905 1667 ( 3-5 ),,,, 3-5 mgl - 1 350k m, 238.13, 425 668 943, 1635, 1905 21
,,,, 100mL 100mL,,, 80mL, 20mL, 20% 3. 4 GB/ T1372792 B : 37 Bq/ L, 47.14 Bq/ L, 129.5 Bq/ L 3.4.1 :,, 1898,,,,,,,,,,, : 35100 ( 129. 5370 Bq/ L) ; 100300 (3701 110 Bq/ L) ; 300 ( 1 110 Bq/ L) 3.4.2,,, 100a, 1998 6 : 1958,, 1 = 3.64, 1 = 110-10 / 1964 1981, 1987, ( Rn) mache/ L 1988, 1992 GB/ T13727-92 ) ( Rn) Bq/ L 4 : 4,,,,? 22
,, Bq/ L,,, 1991 1,,, 1991 1, 1 = 13. 468 Bq/ L ( 1 = 3. 64, 1 = 3. 7 Bq/ L, 1 = 3.64 3. 7 = 13. 468 Bq/ L ) 1 = 3.7 Bq/ L 1 = 3.710 10 Bq/ L 3.4.3, ( 3-6 ) 3-6 BqL - 1 3274 5 2 ( 3 ) - - - 1332 1359 5 2 ( 3 ) - - 472 796 5 2 ( 3 ) - - 703 5 2 ( 3 ) - - 202 5 2 ( 3 ) - - 181 5 2 ( 3 ) - - 220 2 360 5 2 ( 1) 668 5 2 ( 3) - 466 222 472 5 2 ( 3) 208 K 2 189 5 2 ( 3) - 266 5 2 ( 3) 675 5 2 ( 3) - 288 163 5 2 ( 3) 437 M 3 718 1441-285 23
BqL - 1 244 5 2 ( 3) 116 5 2 ( 2) 157 5 2 ( 1 ) 148 5 1 143 5 2 ( 3) 159 300-470 351 5 2 ( 3) 521 5 2 ( 3) 174 5 2 ( 3) - 185 5 2 ( 3) - 181 5 2 ( 3) 141 J 3 J 1-464 J 1-244 5 2 ( 3) - - 3-6 : 129. 5 Bq/ L 39 30, 77%, - 9, 23% 21, 54% ;, - 11, 28% ; 6, 15%,,,,, 3.4.4,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,,,?, 24
,,,,, 472796 Bq/ L,,, -28, 129.5 Bq/ L 11,, 1 359 Bq/ L, ( 1 110 Bq/ L),, 3 274 Bq/ L,,, 360 Bq/ L 3. 5,, 5. 62 mg/ L, GB/ T1372792 B : 1 mg/ L, 2 mg/ L, ( 3-7 ) 3-7 mgl - 1 3. 24 3. 52 5 2 ( 3) 1. 84 5 2 ( 3) 1. 98 My 3 5. 62,,, 3. 6 GB853787 : 25 mg/ L, : 2530 mg/ L, 20, 10a 1995, GB85371995 25. 030. 0 mg/ L, 25,,, 20, 25
, 10, 20,, 20,, 22, 24, 25 20, 20, 25 mg/ L, 25 mg/ L,,,,,, 10a, 1995, GB85371995, 25 30 mg/ L, 25, 10a,, 1995, (1989), :,, (1 ),,, (2 ), (3 ),,,,,,,,, -, 117 mg/ L, 6 mg/ L, 260 mg/ L, 8 mg/ L,, 2 mg/ L, GB8537-1995,,,,,,, 75%,,, 25 mg/ L,,,,?,, 26
,, 3. 7 GB85371995 : 9, ( 59% ), 3. 8, 2 6 (35% ) 6 :, 6 : 5 : 5 : 27
4 4. 1,,,,,, 1721 (), 1702,,, ( 200 ), 1 0001 200, 150 200, 300 380 329. 8; 240; - 226; 245; 388; 288; 360 :, 6 371 km,, 2 8606 000, 60120km, 515km, 5km, 1980 5 18,,,, 342, 177121, 1973 1 23, 50100m, 1 0301 080, 1939,, 45cm, 800,,, 1 200,,,,,,,, 4. 2, ; 28
,,,,, : 12.88m; 14.5, 12.5; 15, 12. 5; 27m; 14m; 22. 2m; 20m,,, 3/ 100m ( 100m 3),,,,, 10m, 8090, 0. 3m 30,,,, 4. 3 ( ) 1. 2. 3, : 100m, 3,,,, 100m 10, 100m 3 4. 4,, : : 20; : 2037; : 3742; : 42 1964, 1982, : : 25 ; : 2533; : 34 37; : 38 42; : 43,, : ( ) 45 : 45 GB11615-89, ( 4-1 ) 29
4-1 t / t150 90 t < 150 60 t < 90 40 t < 60 25 t < 40, ( 4-2 ),, ( 4-3 ) 4-2 < 0 04 4 20 20 37 3742 42 100 > 100 4-3 ( ) 20 40 40 80 80100 > 100 > 374 ( ) 4. 5,,, ( 92), 0.449 g/ L ; 92, 0.364 g/ L ; 50, 0. 231 g/ L ; 39, 0.254 g/ L,,,,,,, 920. 449 g/ L, 32, 1. 143 g/ L, 2040,,,, ph 57,, 21.5, 0.350 g/ LpH 5. 7, 1 461 mg/ L, 146mm 30
107d,, 5.412 kg, 4.4mm 3mm, 80100, 2040 6 :, 28, : ; 6 5 5, : 31
5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ; ; : CO2 H2 SRn ( )O2 N2 COCH4 ( ) O2 N2 ; CO2 H2 SCH4 ; Rn : (1 ) 100%,, 100me, 92me, 8me, 92%, 8% (2 ) 1 200mg, : 1 200 mg/ L 5. 1 ( ),,, 1980, 400,,,,, 32
,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, ( )?,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,, ( )?,,, 1977 5 22 9, 100,,,, 1981 4 16,,, 6 99.55%,, 1977, 1981 6,,,,,, 90. 4, 4070m, 25min,,,,, 5 000m 20m, 85,, 7 17min, 35m, 85 1985 4,, 150m, 1978, 202m 35min, 1015min, 1520m, 35. 1m23t, 15t, 4 5h, 9 10, 3 200 mg/ L 5. 2 ( ),,,,, 33
29 km, 4, 8km,, 1960 ; 1965 ; 1996 1977 4, 1965, 1982,,, 120 1996 2,,,, :,, 200km,, 1962,,,,,,, 1020m, 60m,, 90.52m,,,, ( 5-1 ),,,, 5-1 mm m : : : 146 1. 4 4 : 25 12 : 25 16 : 50 40 6 5 : 17 3 : 20 8 : 37 25 7 3 : 35 3 : 15 6 : 50, : 1 238 mg/ LGB8537-1995, 5, 1. 82 mg/ L, 5-2 34
5-2 / ( mgl - 1 ) 0. 20 1. 22 / ( mgl - 1 ) 0. 20 1. 82 / ( mgl - 1 ) 25 102 / ( mgl - 1 ) 250 1238 / ( mgl - 1 ) 1000 2811. 56 5 5-3 5-3 : mgl - 1 250 250 1000 1238 1 2 2 1. 82 1 1 5 1. 22 25 25 50 102 : : 326 m 3 / d,, 10m, 413m 3 / d 5. 3 :,, 7m, 50cm,,,,,,,, 30m, 12h, 35h, : 1982,,,, 1986,,,, 1987 5 30, 1996,, 1997,, 3 2,,,, 35
(1 ) :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, (2 ) :, 1964,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 36
6,,,,, GB8537-1995,,,, GB8537-1995, ( 4. 1. 1. 1) : 120,,, -,,, ( 4. 1. 1. 2) :,,,, 110000,,,,, ( 4. 1. 1. 3) :, : : ( )25, 25, ( 4.1.1.4 ),, 1 ( 4. 1. 1. 5) : 4, 20%,, 60,,,,, :,,,,,,, ( 6-1 ) ( 4. 1. 1. 6) > 50t< 50t,,, ( 4. 1. 1. 7), A () (4.1.1.8 ) 4. 1. 1. 1 GB8537-1995, 37
6-1 ( Li) ( Sr ) ( Zn ) GB8537-1995 0. 20 0. 20 0. 20 ( Br ) 1. 0 ( I ) mgl - 1 0. 20 ( H 2 SiO 3 ) 25 ( Se) 0. 010 ( CO 2 ) 250 1000, N T U < 15 < 5 ( ) ( CN - ) ( NO - 2 ) mgl - 1 < 0. 002 < 0. 010 < 0. 0050 BqL - 1 < 1. 50 K + + Na + Ca 2 + Mg 2 + HCO - 3 mgl - 1 < 20 % SO 2-4 Cl - ( Li) < 5. 0 ( Sr ) < 5. 0 ( I ) < 0. 50 ( Zn ) ( Cu) ( Ba) ( Cd) mgl - 1 < 5. 0 < 1. 0 < 0. 70 < 0. 010 ( V I) (Cr 6 + ) < 0. 050 ( Pb) < 0. 010 ( Hg) < 0. 0010 38
( Ag) ( H 2 BO 3 ) GB8537-1995 < 0. 050 < 30. 0 ( Se) ( As ) mgl - 1 < 0. 050 < 0. 050 ( F - ) ( O 2 - ) < 2. 0 < 3. 0 ( N O 3 ) < 45. 0 226 ( 226 Ra) BqL - 1 < 1. 10 CfumL - 1 < 5 / 100 ml < 0, : (4.1.2.1 ) ( 4. 1. 2. 2), 15000110000,, : ( ), 15m ; (), 30m ;,,,, GB/ T13727-92,,,,,,,,,,,,, 30,,, 6. 1,,,,,, ( ),,, 1961 9 145.5m 3 / d, 4163, 1964, 4, 4m,,,, 39
,,,,, 1971, 71, 63 8, 500m 3 / d,,, 1976,,, 1980,, 1984,,,,, 7,, (24h) 1 853m 3 4171, 8, 12,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,, 2002 4 22,,, 1 800t/ d 1 375t/ d,,?,,,,,,,,,,,,, 6. 2-28, 1960, 87, 430m 3 / d19691970, 800m, 92, 9 240m 3 / d, 5, 21 :, zk40, 100m 29.3, 100m 200m 7. 7,, 40
,,, 92, 600m, 92,,,,,,, 40m, 61,,,, 101 40 6. 3 13km,, 1984, 5.62mg/ L,, 1986,,,,,,,,, 14, 27, 35, 45, 68 1980 72.8, 1987 4. 8 : 68 4535 27 : 23; 10; 8 : 27, 14,, 35, 27, 8,, 45 35,,,, 10, 68, 45, 23,, : 2km,,, 27, 35, 6 h; 45, 12h 12m 3 / h4. 8 24. 6m, 5m, 4. 5m,,,, 70m, 10m 4.5m, 70, 1 002m 3 / d,, 36m, 60,,, 6. 4,, ( 1 902m),, 42, 105m 3 / d, 41
300m 3 / d,,, 42, 300m 3 / d :,,,, :,,,,,,,,,, 10m :,,,,,,, :, 50m100m,,,,,,,, 34m,,, :, 2m,,,,,,,,, 200,,,,, ( ZK1) 6. 10m, 40, 21m 5. 20m, 0.90m, 55m 40 43, 6181m, 13cm,, 48, 2m,, 20m105m 49h, 48h, 567m 3 / d 6, 462m 3 / d, 300m 3 / d :,,,, : :,,, 5, zk1 42
0. 2m,, zk1,,,,,,,, 5,, 0. 5m, 85,, 100m, zk1 0. 2m, zk2, 400m 3 / d, :,, 43
7 7. 1 7.1.1 GB8537-1995,, 4. 3. 2,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10,,, 10,,,, GB8537-1995 4. 1. 2. 2. 2 : 30m,,,, : GB16330-1996 7.1.2, 7.1.3,,,,,,,,,, 44
,,,, ; 7. 2 :,,,,,,,, (1) :,,,, ( 2 ) :,, (3 ) : (4 ) :,, (5 ) :,,, 7. 3 7.3.1 (1 ) :,, 150cm,,,,,, 1 m 2 0. 15 m 3 (2 ) :,, (3) :,,,,,,,,,,,, 7-1 45
7-1 / m 1 (1 ) (2 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) 1 (1 ) (2 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ), 1 (1 ) (2 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ) 0. 13 (1 ) (2 ), (3 ) ( 1 ), ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) 0. 010.2 (1 ), (2 ) (3 ) ( 1 ) ( 2 ), ( 3 ) ( 4 ) 7.3.2 ( O3 ),,,, (1) :,,, 50g (2 ) :,, 0.5mg/ L, 5min, ;,, 7. 4, 0.13m; 0. 010. 2m,,,, 0. 2m,,, :,, 7-2 46
7-2 / m / m 0. 560 1. 02.0 0.4 1. 0 1. 03.0 3. 01.6 0.4 2. 0 ( ) 0.050.10 ( ) ( ) 1. 03.0 0.3 1. 0 0. 31.0 0.2 0. 8 ( ) 0.010.03 0. 10.3 0. 10.04 7. 5 7.5.1,, : 1 ( 0. 2m) 2 ( 0.2m),,,,,,,,, 7.5.2 : 0.01m, 0.2m,,, 2a, 6a 7. 6 7.6.1 (1), :,, : (2 ) 7-1, 1, 2,,, 5, 6, 8, 9 10,, 11,, 12, 13,, 14,,, 16,,, 47
7-1 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13 ; 14 ; 15. ; 16 ; 17 ; 18. ; 19. 7.6.2 (PVC) 7-2,,,,,,,, 7-2 ( PVC ),,,,,,,,,,, 48
8,,,,, : (1 ), (2 ) :, (3),,, ;,, (4 ) 8. 1 8.1.1 (1 ) :,,, :, :, (2 ) :,,,, :, ; :,, (3 ) :,,,,,, :, :, (4 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,, 49
,,,, 8.1.2 (1) :,,, 4,,,,,, (2 ) :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ) :,,,,,, 8.1.3 :, 10m, 7m,,,,,,,,, 15m,,,, 8. 2, 8.2.1,,,,,,, GB8537-1995,,, :, 0. 50mg/ L, 50
, 0. 2mg/ L,,,, 700m,,,, : 0. 01mg/ L, 0. 06mg/ L ;,, 0.018mg/ L 0.20mg/ L, : 0. 50mg/ L 700m :, (0.00mg/ L), 3m, 5min, 0.655mg/ L, 5min 10, 0. 835mg/ L 1990,, 3. 3. 2, 79d, 0. 112mg/ L, 56mg/ L 0. 08mg/ L, 0.8mg/ L,,, 8.2.2,,, :,,,,, 23, 2km 11.5:, 14, 68( 1 12.8, 7 28. 2) 10; 4 4km,,, 2.5, 182( 1 13.1, 7 28.4) :, 11. 5/ km, 2. 5/ km,,, 8.2.3, 4. 4mm,, 107, : 5. 412kg, 4.4mm, 3mm 51
, Mo, 316L, 304L 8. 3, ;,,,,,,,, 10,,,, 1954,,, 1965,,,, 1971,, 71,,, 1964, 1971 2002,,,,,,,,, 52
9 :,,, 4000,,,,,, 40, 1968,,,, : 1939 ; 1940 ; 1958 ; 1984,, : ; ; : ; 9. 1, 9.1.1,, 9.1.1.1,, (1) :,,,,,,,,,,, (2) :,,, ;,,,,, ;, 53
, :,, ;, ;, : ( 40),,, 120,, (3) :,, 4060g/ cm 2, : 13.5cm, 2.56.5cm;,, ;,,, (4) :, 9/ 10 ( ),, ;, ( ),, 9.1.1.2,, (1) :, ; 3738,, 1020min; ;, (2) :,,,, 3839, 1020min (3) :,, 40, 1520min,,,, (4) :,, 4045, 1530min,, : 1530 ;,, 12 9.1.1.3,,,,,,,,,,,, 23d,,,, 54
9.1.2 : 300a, :,, :,,,,,,, 9.1.2.1,, (1) :,,,,, (2) :, 3638 40 45, 50,,,,, (3) :, ;,,, (4) :,,, ;,,,,,, 5% 9.1.2.2,, (1) : :,,, (2) :, 20min,, (3) : 100150mL, 1 500mL, (4) : 36,,, 55
9. 2,, 16,,, 7, 9.2.1 GB85371995,, 250mg/ L, : GB/ T1372792 1000mg/ L,,,,,,,,, 9.2.1.1 9.2.1.1.1 (1) :,, 32,,,,,,,, 30mL/ min;,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,, (2) :,,,,,,,, 1020mm ; ;, 56
, 28 38,,,,,,,, 2830,,,, (3) :,,,,,,, (4) :,,, (5) :,, ;,, (6) :,,,,, 9.2.1.1.2 (1) : (2) :, (3) : :, 9.2.1.1.3,,,, (1) : 3536,, 23 1, 2930 (2) : 12h, 8min, 15min; (3) : 12 1, 1, 1015,, (4) : 500mg/ L,,,,, :,,, 3538, 1 200mg/ L (5) :,,,,, 57
, 9.2.1.1.4 (1), ;,,, (2), 9.2.1.2 9.2.1.2.1,,,,,,,, 20min 100150mL,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9.2.1.2.2 ( ) ( ) 1:,, 1965,,, 1965,, 35,, 13a, 10a,,, 3, 8.57% ; 22, 62.86% ; 7, 20% ; 3, 8.57% ; 91.43% 2:, 2 146mg/ L : 17191721,,, 30, 5000 3 : 97%,,, ( ) 99.8%, 1 2,, 90% 85%, 58
100% 9.2.2 GB/ T1372792, 129.5Bq/ L 3, : 129.5370Bq/ L; : 3701 110Bq/ L; : 1 110Bq/ L : 4 040.4Bq/ L,,, 2010-10 / (74Bq/ L) 1 10-9 / (370Bq/ L),, G, G,,,,,, 34h,,, 23h,,,, 9.2.2.1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, 9.2.2.1.1 (1),,, ;,, ;, 59
, ; :, 12h,,, 10mm, 510,,, (2),,, ;, ;, (3),,,, ;, ; ph,,,,,,,,, 9.2.2.1.2, Bq/ L, Bq/ L, (1) : 3537,, 39 (2) : 1020min, 3060min;, (3) :, 1520 ; 12,,,,, 9.2.2.1.3 : : : 60
: : : 9.2.2.1.4 9.2.2.2 (1) :,, :,,, ;, 26 93640 404Bq/ L, ; 23 : (2) :,, 67.34Bq/ L, ; 12, 515min, 1015,,, : (3) :,,,,, 472796Bq/ L, 9 1 386,, 90.93%, 90.54%, 90.21% ; 100% 37, 29,, 2,, 93%, 16, 55% 91 272 14 18 1.29 % 90 31.47 % 150 52.45 % 258 90.21 % 28 9.79 % 26 3 11.54 % 14 53.85 % 9 34.62 % 26 100 % 0 74 27 36.49 % 40 54.05 % 67 90.54 % 7 9.46 % 386 21 5.4% 131 34.0% 199 51.1% 351 90.93 % 35 9.07 % 9.2.3 GB/ T1372792, 2mg/ L 61
HS - S2 O 2-3 S 2 - SO 2-3,,,,,, :, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,, ;,,,, 30, ;,,, H2 S 3.95mg/ L H2S 4.71mg/ L H2 S 4.86mg/ L, H2 S 3.24mg/ L, H2S 3.52mg/ L,,, ;, ph 7, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, : :,,,,,,, 9.2.3.1 9.2.3.1.1,, (1) :,,,,,,,,,,, 62
, ;, (2) :,,,,,,,, (3) :,,,,,,,,,,,,, (4) :,, (5) :,,,,,,,, 9.2.3.1.2,,, (1) :, : : 210mg/ L; : 10100mg/ L; : 100mg/ L,,,,,,,, (2) :,, 3437,, 35,,, 36, 3638; 63
, 40 (3) :, 510min, 15min,,,, 23,,,,,,,,, 30min (4) : 1016,, 1530, 9.2.3.1.3 9.2.3.2,, (1) ; (2),, ; (3) ; (4) ; (5), 230mg/ L, 150300mL :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10mg/ m 3,,, 2.8mg/ L, ( 9 2 ) 9 2 549 110 431 8 20.03 78.50 98.54 342 208 132 2 60.82 38.59 99.40 549, : 153, 128, 114 342, : 119, 63, 43, 30km,, 64
: H2 S0.020, : 20mg/ L, 1987 476, 93.9%, 5.7%, 99.6% ; 620, 79.5%, 17%, 96.5%, 2.2mg/ L 145, 55.9%, 97.9%, 93.3%, 99.1% ; 75.8%, 100% ; 94.5%, 98.9% 9.2.4,,, 1g/ L : : 0.5% ; : 0.6% 1.0% ; : 1.0% :,, : 9.2.4.1,,, 9.2.4.1.1 (1),,,,,,, 1h, (2), :,,, ;, ;, ; ; (3),,,,, 9.2.4.1.2, 37 38, 1020min,, 1530 9.2.4.1.3 (1) : 65
(2) : (3) : (4) : (5) : (6) : : 9.2.4.2, 9.2.4.2.1,,,, 2030min, (100150mL), ; 11.5h ( 200300mL),, ( ) (1.0% ),,,,,,,, 9.2.4.2.2 :, 48 9.2.4.2.3 : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : 9.2.5 1g/ L, ( HCO - 3 ) (Na + ), (NaHCO3 ),,, : ph 8.5,,, :,,, 9.2.5.1 (1) :,, : 11.5h 200250mL,,,,,, ; 2030min 100150mL,,,, : 40,,,, ;,,, 66
(2) :,, ;,,,,,,,, 150300mL, 1h,, 1.5h,, 20min;,,, ;,,,, (3) :,,,,,,,,, 2 0003 000mL, 2h (4) :, :,,,,,,, 600 1 200mL,, ;, 34 : ( ),,,, :,,,,,,, 9.2.5.2 (1) :,, ; (2) :,,, 67
9.2.6 1g/ L, ( HCO - 3 ) ( Ca 2 + ), ( Ca ( HCO3 )2 ),,,,,, 9.2.6.1,,,, ;,, ;,,,,, ( ), 9.2.6.2,, ;,,,, 9.2.7 1g/ L, ( SO 2-4 ) ( Ca 2 + ) ( CaSO4 ),,,, 300, 18, 8,,, 9.2.7.1,,,,, 9.2.7.2,,,,,, 9.2.8 1g/ L, ( SO 2-4 ) (Na + ), (Na2SO4 ),, 68
, 300,,,,,,,,,,, 14h, :, 200 400mL,, 3g/ L,,,,,,, ;,, 9.2.9 1g/ L, 34,,,, 1959, 472 796Bq/ L,,,, 209Bq/ L,, 50mg/ L, 2mg/ L, 9.2.9.1,,, : :,,,,,,, 9.2.9.2 (1) : 3436, 1530min,,,,, ( ) ( ) (2) : 3738, 1020min,,,,, 69
(3) : 3943, 515min,,,,,,,, 30min,, 1530 9.2.9.3, 100150mL,,,, 250mL,,,,, 9.2.10, 25mg/ L, GB85371995 50mg/ L,, GB/ T1372792, 510-6 (5ppm),, 3mg/ d,,,,,, 50% 25%,, ( 17mg/ L), 7.6mg/ L,, 4.8mg/ L,,,, 5258.5mg/ L,, ;, 45.550.34mg/ L, ( 9 3 ) 70
9 3 % ( 5km) 648 10 16 8 5.25 ( 8km) 662 8 50 2 9.06 ( 5km) 234 1 7 5 5.56 536 0 1036 0,,,, ;, ;, 9.2.11 GB85371995, 0.2mg/ L, < 5mg/ L GB/ T1372792, 1mg/ L, 5mg/ L 70kg 2.2mg,, 17g/ L, 12 g/ LSchroeder, 90%,, 90% 1978 ( WHO) : 0.1mg 100%,,,,,, 1965,,,,,,,, 100g/ L,,,,, 2mg/ L,, 1g/ d,,,,, 9.2.12 GB85371995, 0.20mg/ L,, 71
< 5mg/ LGB/ T1372792, 10mg/ L,,, 4.610-6 70kg 320mg, 99% 2mg, 17% 38%,,,,, ( 0.010.10 ) 10-6 ( ppm), 0.710-6,,, 2mg/ L, 9.2.13 GB/ T1372792, 10mg/ L 35g, 4g, 70%, 25% : 12mg, 18mg 10%,,,,,,,,, : ; 50%, : 50mg%, 25mg%, 7mg%, C,,,,, 0.3 ;, 30, 0.05mg/ L, 1.0mg/ L 2 000mg/ d 9.2.14 GB85371995, 1.0mg/ L 72
GB/ T1372792, 5mg/ L, 25mg/ L,,, 200mg, 60%, 1.010-6, 2.9910-6 7.5mg,, 99% 90%,,,,,,, : 9.2.15 2536mg, 15mg 2025g 205g, 200g, 80%, 15% 5 g, 100% : 100300g,, 1015g,, 100,,,,,, 1991 6 19,, 1 g1978, 255, 1313, 859, ( ) 150 10200g, 5g, 1g,,,,,,, 1 000mg, 1 000mg, 0.5mg/ L, 9.2.16 GB85371995, 0.010mg/ L 0.050mg/ L : 1421mg,, 73
,,, : > > 150g,, 50150g 80% : 1mg 20% 40%,, 90% 95%,, 3050g, 40g,, 10 g,, :, Q A 4,,,,, E, E 500, E,, E E,,,,,,, : :, : 5d, 30d, 710d 10-6,,, 5,,,, : 9.2.17 GB85371995, 0.20mg/ L, 5.0mg/ L,,, 1.5g, 20 70 : 23g,, 74
,, 1mg 1015mg, 2540mg, 28% 99% 20%, 1976, 70,, RNADNA,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1986,,,,,,,,, kg 2.0g : 600mg, 15% 0.1%, 90mL, 120 3,,,, 4mg/ L, 50%,, 30mg/ L,, 40mg/ L, 2060 g 15g, 9.2.18 GB1372792 : 1mg/ L, 2mg/ L GB85371995, 2mg/ L0.51.0mg/ L 46mg/ L 75
,,, ( 0.3mg/ L),,,,,, 0.61.7mg/ L, 2L, 1.23.4mg,,,, 4mg/ L,, 40,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, 76
10 10. 1,,,,,,,,, :, 5000,,,,, 60% 70%, 23L : 20, 21 2000 12 24 21,, 50, : 21,,, 2001 2 18,, : 10.1.1 10.1.1.1, 2001,, 112L 85% 1993 80L, 1995 (1) P. V :, 15% PerrierVattleValvertContrexP.V 10, 14400, : 5500 ; 4000 ; 2500 ; 2400 : 29% ; 15% ; 9% ; ; 35% ; 1% ; 8% ; 3% 30, 40 (10 1) (2) Vittel Grande Source, 1893 77
101 / L 1 139 2 112 3 95 4 77 5 45 6 36 7 11 P.V, Perrier Vittel Contrex Valvert 10.1.1.2 180, 65 L, 10% 1700 1992 116L, 1995 135L 10.1.1.3 253, 150 1992 63 L, 8%, 1990,,,, 1992 2.25 L, 30%, 350 L, 0.6% 55%, 45%,,, 1992 100L 10.1.1.4 2000 96, 18.25 L, 390 L, 420 L, 45L 10.1.1.5, 3000hm 2, Valvert 1993,, 1996 18 L, 200, 2001 30 L 10.1.1.6 1992 7 L,, 6 80% 20, 200%, 2.44 L, 1.9 L, 1992, 105L3 10.1.1.7 1970,, 15% 1988, 474, 1990 64 L, 1992 35L, 90 L, 29.6 1997 78
154 L, 1996 9.6% 57.7L,,,,, (1),, 2200,,,,,,, (2),, PET PVC,,,, 1989 2600 t, 10% (3),,,, (4),,,,,,,,,,, 1960 1960,, 1977 4 ; 1981 ; 1984, (5),,,,,,,,,,,, 60, 1.9, 23 79
10.1.2 1999 1, (1) : 1997 1 230 ; 19951997 31, 776 ; 1998, 1 900, 2 0001 000 (2) : 1998 1997 31, 29 185 t; 1998, 1997 194 t 1995 169.7 t2 11.87% 1990, 10%,, 12, 1.58L 139L, 112L,,,,,,,,, 1997 1 068 t, 482 t, 45%,, 194 t, 18%, 1996 23 (3) :,,,,,,,,, :, : 600mL, 1.10, 0.05 0.10, 1.301.50, 0.200.40,, 1.802.50, 0.501.00 0.701.40,,,,,,, 10.1.3, ( 618907 ),,, 80 1970,
, 1971 1971, 1983,,, 1 000 m, 70,,,,,,,, 1988, 57, 57,, 1986 6 1989,, 97,,,,,,,, 700,, 2002, 2001 5, 97, 35%, 90,, 150 170, 1990 2.5 kw,,, (1), :,,,,,,,,, :,,, ; ; (2),,,,,, 81
(3),,,,,,, (4),,,,,, 6000,,, -, 28,,, 20,?,,,,,,,,,,,,?,, ; ;,, (5),,,, 2000m,, 10. 2,,,,, : 1989,, 1990, 2000 t1990 3, 2002, 13a,? 30a,,,, 2000 t, 2500 t, 500 t,,, 50 t, 82
,,, 42,, 1765, 223a, 1988 1700 t 2000 t,,,, 1987 GB853787, 1989, 1990 2000 t,, 1.78 km 2,, 180, 1.26 t, 206 2500 t,, 2t,,,,, 10. 3,,,,,?,,,,,?,,,,, : ;,, ;, 10. 4,,,,,,,,,,,, 83
,,,,,,,,,, :,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999, 200 (12 000t),,,, 200,, 10. 5,,, : (GB85371995) ; (GB/ T85381995) ; (GB/ T1372792) ; (GB163301996 ) : (GB1161589 ) ; (GB163671996),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4%,,,,, :, 1997,,, 1998 1,,, :, 84
,,,,,,,,,, 10. 6,,,,, : 1969, zk11 806m, 92, 15L/ S, 1 300m 3,,,, 50m 100m,,,,,,,,,, 0.125mg/ L, 0.64mg/ L1965,,,,,,,,,,,, GB163671996 : (1), 50kBqm - 3 (2), 100kBqm - 3 (3) 300Bqm - 3, 10 2 (4), 10 2 EC Rn / Bqm - 3 / (10-7 Jm - 3 ) 200 10 400 20 85
10. 7,,, :, 10.7.1,,,,,,,, 1990,,, 2 000t,,,,,,,,, 43, 2.6mg/ L, 2.4mg/ L, GB853787, 2.5mg/ L, GB85371995, 2.0mg/ L, 1.8mg/ L 2.6mg/ L,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10.7.2, GB85371995; GB1372792, GB1372792, GB163671996 GB1161589 :,,,,, 10.7.3,,,,,,,,,, 86
:, ; ;,, : GB163671996,,,, 10.7.4,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10.7.5,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 87
[1 ]. GB85371995 [2 ]. GB1161589 [3 ]. GB/ T1372792 [4 ]. GB163301996 [5 ].. ( ). :, 1989 [6 ]. :, 1996 [7 ].., 1980, 36 [8 ].., 1994 9 3 [9 ].., 1984 12 24 [10 ]. -., 1983, 8 [11 ].., 2000 6 [12 ],.. :, 1993 [13 ].. :, 1984 [14 ].. :, 1983 [15 ].., 1997 3 2 [16 ].., 1989 2 88