53 2 ( ) 2014 3 Vol.53 No.2 JournalofHuazhongNormalUniversity(HumanitiesandSocialSciences) Mar. 2014 : 蔡 岚 ( 510420) 英国曾是空气污染最严重的国度为此 英国中央政府提出对空气污染实行整体治 理 并开展了全国范围的战略规划 政策指导和技术支持同时 地方政府广泛开展跨部门合作 和区域合作 不仅对本辖区 也对临近辖区的空气进行整体治理 加之严密法规下英国全民的积 极参与 最终英国成为空气治理成功的典型借鉴英国空气污染整体治理的实践 为我国解决日 益严重的空气污染问题提供经验参考 空气污染 ; 英国政策 ; 整体治理 2013 25 100 29.9 52 PM2.5 1843 1 1863 ;1874 ;1906 1952 1953 20 90 1993 ) 20 50 20 80 1993 ( )20 90 1956 1968 ( 20 90 2 2013-10-15 (12YJC630003); (11JZD010) 21
3 ( )20 90 20 90 (1990) (IPC) ; (BPEO) (BATNEEC) IPC (IPPC) ( ) IPPC (1997) IPPC (IPPC) 20 90 (EPAQs) 1990 9 8 : (1997) 7 2005 (1997) 4 1 7 (LAQM) (1995) (LAQM) ( 1) (NAQS) (NAQS) 7 ; (NAQS) 5 (NAQS) (1990) 6 2005 (AQMA) (LAQM) (IPC) (IPPC) 20 90 8 22
1 a 1997 2000 1997-2005 2000 5ppb 2003 :5ppb 2005 :1ppbb 2010 :1.66ppb 13-1ppb 2003 :1ppb 10ppm 8 2013 :10ppm 2015 :8.5ppm 0.5ugm -3 2004 :0.5ugm -3 2008 :0.25ugm-3 2005 :0.5ugm -3 ( 2010 ) c 150ppb 2005 : 104.6ppb ( 122.6ppb c ) 2010 :104.6ppb ( 122.6ppb)d 21ppb c 50ppb 8 ( 58ppb) b 2010 21ppb (PM10) 50ugm -3 24 ( 54ugm -3 ) 2004 : 57-70ugm-3 2005 : 85ugm -3 2010 : 57ugm -3 2004 :40ugm -3 2004 :40ugm -3d 100ppb 15 ( 135ppb) 60 155ppb 24 49.8ppbd ( :a. b. c. d. 1 ) 8 G1 G2 : G3 4 TG1 TG2 TG3 TG4 : 1999 : 2000 : 1 (AUN) ( ) (NAEI) 10 (NAQS) 10 9 23
( ) 2008 瑏瑡 25 / 2010 2015 瑏瑢 2011 4 : (Salisbury) (West Wilt- shire) (Kennet) (North Wilt- 10 (NSCA) (DMRB) (AEOLIUS) (ADMS- Urban) (AirViro) ( ) (NAQS) (1990) 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 24 ( ) shire) 瑏瑣 (LAQM)
瑏瑧 ( 2) 2 59% 65% 64% 41% 55% 21 (LAQM) 瑏瑦 ( 2) 90 1.3 60 2.1 90 2.2 80 2.3 65 2.3 50 2.2 56 2.5 18 2.7 33 2.8 16 2.9 16 3.3 ( :1 ;5 ) 66% 27% 26% 2 瑏瑨 24% ( ) ( ) (LAQM) (1995) 149 94% 25
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364. 瑏瑢 National Society for Clean Air. Air Quality Management Areas:Turning Reviewsinto Action.NSCA Brighton2002. 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 BeatieC.LElsonD.M.GibbsD.C. IrwinJ.G.JefersonC.M.LonghurstJ.W.S. NewtonA.J.PhebyD.F.H.PilM.A.J.Rowe J.SimmonsA.TubbA.L.T. WhitwelI.and Woodfield N.K.Communicationand Co-operation within andbetween LocalAuthorities An Atemptto Quantify ManagementPracticesandTheirEfectontheAirQuality Management Process.In Air Polution VIIedited by BrebbiaC.A.JacobsonM.Power H. WIT Press SouthamptonandBoston1999175-186. 瑏瑧 DorfinanPaulDaveC.GibbsNurulLeksmonoJames LonghurstEmmaLouisaCaroline Weitkamp. Exploringthe Context of Consultation:the Case of Local Air Quality Management. LocalEnvironment15no.1(2010):15-26. 瑏瑩 PM2.5 ( 2012 3 12 htp://www.china.com. cn/news/env/2012-03/12/content 24872823.htm. 瑐瑠 2012 2 7 htp://www.zhb.gov.cn/zhxx/hjyw/201202/t20120207 223193.htm. 瑐瑡 2013 12 11 htp://www. wumi.com/item/l75bbjxz. 瑐瑢 2010 30 20 38 2012 1-8 113 21.5 6 0 ; PM2.5 ; ; : 2012 113 (AQTI) htp://www. ipe.org.cn/about/notice de 1.Aspx id=10870 瑐瑣 : ) 2013 5 HolisticAirQualityManagement: ExperiencesfromtheUnitedKingdomandItsImplications CaiLan (ResearchCentreofCanadaGuangdongUniversityofForeignLanguagesGuangzhou510420) Abstract:InordertodealwiththeseriousairpolutionHM governmenthasproposeda holisticgovernanceforcontrolingairpolutionandimprovingairqualitythroughthe formulationofnationalairqualitystandardsphasedapproachtoreviewandassessment ofairqualityandprovidencewithpolicyguidance.meanwhileextensivecolaboration havebeen exercised between and among localauthoritiescommunity groups and regionalgovernmentalofices with activeandefective publicparticipation. Wecan benefitfromtheexperienceoftheholisticairqualitymanagementinuk. Keywords:airpolution;UKexperiences;holisticgovernance 28