Ξ :,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, 1900 ( ),,,,,, Ξ, 1997 5 64
; (, ) 415 1902 1,, (J. H ay), 1908 5 12 14 31 (W. W. Rockh ill),,,, ;,, ;,, 1914,,,, 1917,,,, 5 (1922 ),,, ;,, ;,,!,,,,, 5 12, 1, 1926, 17 18 (1913 9 30 ), ; :,,, 1974, 338 344 65
1999 6,, (, ), ; 20,,,,, ( ) ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,, ;, 1 114 ;, 66
,,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 1904 1, ( ), 289213 ; 1917 10, 125415 ; 414618 1925 4, 3915813, 755517 1925 9, 78119, 1920 1, 1917 9 5, 2837 1926 1, 14512, 5018, 1919 12, : ( ), 1928 904144, :, 1925,, ( ) ;, 2080, 67
1999 6,, (1924 6 1 ) (1934 ), 1260, 630715 1930 9,, 1922 12,, 1118165, 559313, 1 1 : (% ) 1909. 1 1946 414618 414618 1512 1924. 12 1947. 12 3915813 755517 2717 1925. 9 1940. 12 78119 78119 219 1926. 1 1948. 12 283710 283710 1014 1926. 1 1940 14512 5018 012 1924. 6 1934 126010 630715 311 1922. 12 1945 111817 559313 2015 2727310 100 : 217, 1 2, 515, 1919 12, 1924 6, (1930 9 19 ),, F. O. 671g524, 133 140 68
( 1924 5 1935 ), ( ) g 1937, ;,,, 1939 1,, 1943 1,, 1901 ;, 1939 1,,, 1938 12, 1935, 1, 1938,,, 2 g : ( ) 414618 65318 349310 755517 275910 479617 78119 9615 68514 283710 114916 168714 5018 717 4311 630715 458810 171915 559313 162915 396318 2727310 1088411 1638819 : 1928 7 1, 1928,, 69
1999 6,,,, ( 2) ; 1638819, 60% ( ),,,, : 10, ;,, : (1), ; (2) 21152, 715 2615 20, 1931 3 3,,, 5519, 27915 (1927 12 8 ),, (1933 4 4 ), : 3, 1962, 923 925 (1930 9 19 ), 3, 833 836 70
, (Banque Indu strielle de Ch ine),,,,,,,,,,,?, (A. J. F leu riau),, (33115 ),, 446512,,,,,,?,,, 39404 ;, 10, 12637 ; (A. B riand), 369 (1922 7 9 ),, 48 49 71
1999 6,,,,, 30, 40, 23,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1934, 7000, 460, 1938, 650, ;,, 3, 1g3 3 : 349310 349310 479617 446512 33115 68514 1010 67514 168714 46010 65010 4311 715 3516 171915 171915 396318 27915 368413 1638819 522212 1058913, (1934 6 1 ),, 72
: 11,,, 21 73719 4,,, 4 4 (% ) (% ) 6311 3310 219 311 4912 614 1510 611 2811 013 2216 1612 4314 3418, 713% 1518% 119% 519% 012% 2910% 1113% ; :,,,,,,,,, 6,, 5, 4, 3, 2,, 013,,, 14, 7, 7114% 73
1999 6,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,, 10 5 15 ; ;, :,,,,,,, (C. E. H ughes) (1924 6 14 ), Carnegic Endowm ent fo r International Peace, T rea ties and A g reem ents w ith and Concern ing Ch ina, 1919 1929, (W ash ington, 1929), pp. 147 148 74
, ( ),,, 5, 1g5, ( ) ( ) ( ) (, ) 1924 9 17, ( ) 10 ; 5, : (P. M on roe) (J. D ew ey) (J. E. Baker) (H. T. S. Green) (C. R. Bennett) 10 1 6,, : (1) 1924 6 14,, ; (2), ( ),, 20 50 ; (3),, : (1), ; (2), ; (3),,,, ; (4), ; (5),, ; (6), 75
1999 6,,,, ( ) 1925 4 11,,, :,, 28,,, 7, 1 8,,,,,,,,,, 1927 12 8,,,,, ;,,,, ;,, ;, (1925 4 23 ),, 70 72 76
, 4, : (75% ), ( 40%, 35% ), 25%,, 15,, 1925 10 1 ; 1928,,,, 35%,,,,, 53%, ; 47% 65%, 2 1, ( 30 ) 2 3,, 90 91,,,,,,,,, 77
1999 6,, ;, 2 1 ;,,, (Eno r), 1924 11 22 ; 24,,, 1926,, ; (M. T. Pargem en t),,,,,,,, (L. M. Karahan),, 1926 6,,,,,,,, 1928 10,,, 3,, (1926 5 12 14 ) (1926 5 15 ) (1926 6 12 17 ),, 78
, :, ; :,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 1934,, ( ),, 1931 4,, ; 7,,,,,, 10, 5 15, 3,, 1 2 3 1g3, (1928 12 2 ) (1929 1 24 ),, (1924 2 17 19 ),, 79
1999 6 1, ; 1,, (W. W. Ho rnell) (R. Calder M arshall) (K. Can tlie) (N. S. B row n) (N. S. Donald) ;,,,, 2 4, ; 3,, (A. Balfou r) (B. B lackett) (W. T. Charter) (R. W edgw ood), 4 ;, ;, ;,, ;,, ;,,, ;,,, ;,, ;,,,,, (1931 6 3 9 6 ),, 80
,,,,,, ;, 10%,, 5 : 2g3, 1g3 6, 4 : 40%, 20%, 20%, 20% ;, 1g3, 9 26, 3 25, : (1), 5%, 1,, (2),, ;,, ;,, (3),, 1931 8 10 : (1), ; (2) (1931 7 28 ),, 81
1999 6,,,,, 7, 4 (1), ; (2),,, ; (3),,, ; (4),,, 3 (1), ; (2),, ; (3),, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 82
1928,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1943,,,, 1944 9 15,,,, (1928 8 24 1929 4 5 ) (1928 11 5 ) (1928 11 1 ), :, 1990, 524 525 526 528 529 (1931 7 28 ),, 83
1999 6,,,, ( ),,, : 8g10, 2g10 1911,,, ; 1925,,,,,, 1912 1937, 1560 ;, 1937, 1700 2000, 3g4, 1g4,, 1912 1937, 620 1,,, 84
, 5 5 (1926 1945 ) ( ) ( ) 1926 13 3 5 1 42-1927 6 2 6 1 26-1928 11 5 6 1 47-1929 7 4 7 1 97-1930 14 7 7-55 110 1931 21 11 7 1 82 110 1932 12 8 6-57 016 1933 11 9 7 1 54 114 1934 9 9 3 1 51 017 1935 11 7 4 2 57 016 1936 12 9 3 3 91 210 1937 24 11 7 6 98 614 1938 15 6 6 6 134 114 1939 15 9 6 6 87 715 1940 11 8 4 1 98 118 1941 15 9 7 1 230 110 1943 10 9 6 2 247 119 1944 10 7 5 2 347 313 1945 6 6 7 2 523 510 233 139 109 38 2423 3516 : 1,, : 7 6 ; 1944,,,, 1,,, 85
1999 6, 233, 233,, 6 6 ( ) ( ) (% ) 41130-7115 50136-8172 66168-11155 2190 018 0178 41190-7126 42103-7128 51175-8196 127152-22109 49168 4105 10101 77172-13146 15112 0135 2174 566196 5120 100100 :,, 2,, : 1928,,,, 400, 1931, 6, 20 g 1926,,, 86
; 1929, 1931 22, ( ) 1929,, 5,, 100, 1931 2, 1932 1933 4,, 5 3,, : (1),,, 28,, 110 1930, 5, (2), 1927 : ; ;,, 7 8 (3) 1927,, 1930,,, : (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) (, ) 87
1999 6 7 (1928 1935 ) 1928 4 9 7 3 1929 6 13 16 0 1930 6 24 16 1 1931 5 27 11 0 1932 7 24 11 0 1933 6 30 11 1 1934 8 28 14 0 1935 5 30 15 2 333 7 : 5 :, 1 ;, 202 8 (1928 1935 ) 1928 0 2 5 2 11 20 1929 0 4 8 3 20 35 1930 1 10 5 6 24 46 1931 1 11 9 2 20 43 1932 3 4 13 2 20 42 1933 2 7 11 3 24 47 1934 4 7 11 4 24 50 1935 4 7 9 8 22 50 15 52 71 30 165 333 : 5 1937,, 88
,, (20 ),, ( ) ;,, 100 ( 20 ),, 2615,,, 1925,, 20 ; 25, 1926, 20, 1930 35, 1938 13, 395,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,, (1925 4 12 ),, 48 49 89
1999 6,, 1928, ;,,, 35% ; 65% 64, 40 ( 31175 ),, ( 14718 ), 1937,,, 1939 12, 22134 ; 1941,,,,, 10,, ;,, 1937 3 4 5 7 11,, 1934, (1928 12 13 ) (1928 12 15 ),, 1941 11 26 :,, 90
7900, 3950, 1934, 800, 1600, 1928,, ;, : 1929, 35 ; 1931, 2 1 1934, 400,,,,, ;, 2g3,, ( 800 ), : 35,,,, ( ),,,,, (1931 6 4 ) : 1, 1,, 1930 4 64 67,, (1934 12 17 20 ) ; : 191,, 91
1999 6,,,,,,, 1931,,,, 10 7 23125 1936,,, 650,,, 22 ;, 60, 730,, 1931 12, 116, 20, 240, ( ) ( ) ; ( ) ( ),,, 20 ;,, 470, 5300, 1020,, (1934 7 27 ) (1934 2 3 ) (1934 7 27 ),, 92
( ), ( ) ( ), 108, 1579, 200, ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) 55, 743, 1887,, 5 ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 665, 8000 ;, 3100, 111,,,, 40, 513141, 5,,,,,,, (1938 5 18 ) (1938 7 8 (1938 7 11 ) (1938 11 28 ) (1940 5 2 ),, (1936 4 11 ),, 93
1999 6,, 48, 616 1130 7, 3,,,,,, 14 (1931 10 11 ),, 12132 (1932 7 ),, 2128 (1939 7 ),, 30, 400, 73719,, 1380, 11640, 5050,,,, 598,, 1978,, 217 (1932 5 7 ) (1932 5 25 1933 3 31 6 4 ) : (1936 5 ) g (1938 5 10 ) (1938 12 6 ),,,, ;,,, 94
? ( ) ( ),,,, 1931 1934 ( 1935 6 ), 160,, 1941, 1800,,, ;,, 200, 1800 2000,, ; 1934,, 7 4, 3,, ;,, (1941 11 ),, 65, (U niversities Ch ina Comm ittee), (Ch ina Institute), 1941 12 31,, 1501136, 1942 561118, 2062154, (1944 11 ) 1943,,, ;,,,, 95
1999 6,, : 1, 1934, 150, ; 1937 12 13,,,,,, ;,, : (1) ( ) ; (2),,,, ; (3),,,,,,,, 2, 10, 6 ;,, 12, 2 415 3, 6 ; (1935 1 ) (1935 12 ) 1944 11, 96
5 2, ( ), 600, 70,,,,,,,,,,, 30 70 3,,, ;, ; 14,, 40,, 10,, 3 150,,,,,,,, ;,,, ; ;, ; 97
1999 6,, 1940,,,,,, 1933,, 1940 8,, 7, 148 ;,, 9, 18,, 300,,,, ( ),, 113, : (1), ( ),, 1g6; (2),, 3g6, ; (3) ; (4), 1g6,, ; ; ;, ; 98
( ),,,,,,,,!, 1943 ( ),?,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), :, (1905 4 8 ),, 99
1999 6,,,,,,,,,,,, 1924, 100836 :, 1998, 20, 20,,,,, 100