The integral management design and detail ecological resource survey of Tien-Hsi Park
...1...1...1...1...1...12...14...22...23...23...23...23...26...26...26...27...27...28...30...30...30...31...34...34...34...37...39...39...39...42...44...45...45...48...53...64...65...77
abstract Tien-Hsi Park, a part of Yang-Ming-Shan National Park, is located in the northeast of Taipei City. It is an area of 8 ha in the watershed of Nei-Shuang-Go Stream, a branch of Nei-Shuang Stream. The cloudburst brought by northeast monsoon has made lots of precipitation pour into the watershed of Nei-Shuang-Go Stream and has also made Tien-Hsi Park exuberant and vital. There are 317 vascular plant species belong to 116 families in Tien-Hsi Park, including some species rarely seen in regions or areas of low elevation in Taipei. The vegetation in Tien-Hsi Park clould be divided into warm-temperate broadleaf forest (which is subdivided into wind-facing forest, valley mature forest, slope mature forest, and grassland), subtropical broadleaf forest and pond ecosystem. Tien-Hsi Park has typical fauna of north Taiwan mountains, comprising 234 species, including 151 insect species, 14 amphibious species, 18 reptile species, 44 bird species, and 7 mammal species. Among them, at least 16 endangered and threatened species are covered. According to the resource survey in Tien-Hsi Park, it ll be appropriate to make this park a educational eco-park, and divide this park into 7 different using types. Thus we can make sure the sustainability of natural environment in Tien-Hsi Park.
1 699m ---- 768m 8 ---- 250 ---- 655
2
3
4
5 1. active overthrust fault 1 1 1991p.15
2. 2 1973-1983 3 1. 2400 3700 2 1991,p.10 3 Wang, J.H.; Tsai, Y.B. and Chen, K.C. (1983) Some aspects of seismicity in Taiwan Region: Bull. Inst. Earth Sci., Academia Sinica, v.3,pp.87-104. 6
7
8 2. 2250 2000 4 3. 1950 1850 4
9 1. 1 2 200 50 336 64
10
11 2. 1 2 3 1 2 1. 2. --- 3. ---
12 4. 1 a. b. 2 a. b.
13
14 1. ---- ----
15
16 2. ---- 3. ---- 90% 4.
17 --- 1. ---- ---- ---- ---- 1 ---- ---- 2 ---- ----
18 2. 1 2 116317 2461 34 73207 1645
19 234 151 14 18 44 7 84
20 14 2 1 4 7 18 9 9
21 40 82% 18% 6
Acrossocheilus paradoxus Zacco platypus Varicorhinus barbatulus Macrobrachium spp. A. B. 18 C. 19 D. E F 22
23 piping 70
24
25 1 2 3
26 ---
27 336 64
28 90
12 2 29
30 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
31 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.
32
33
1 ---a. b. c. d. 2 ---a. b. c. d. 1. --- 2. --- 3. --- 34
35 1 2 1 ---0 2 ---25~30 2 60 3 ---10~20 2 30 4 --- ---0 5 --- 5~10 4 30 6 ---10~20 4 60 180 1 2
36 3 4 1 --- + + 180 2 --- 3 --- 1 7~8 2 3 --- A. 12 2
B. 4 --- 1. --- 2. --- 3. --- --- 1. 2. --- 3. --- --- 1. ---- 2. --- 1 --- 2 --- 37
38
3 --- 1. 2. --- --- --- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 39
40
41
6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. --- 18 --- 42
43
1. 2. steeping stone 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 44
45 1. 1 2 3
46
47 2. 1 2 3 3. 4.
48 5. 6. 1. 13 1.5
49 2. 10 6 9 3. 150 4. 1.5 5. 20
50 6. 56 7. 67 8. 13 9. 9
51 10. 34 11. 12. 13. Neptis
52 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
53 19. 20. 1. 20002500 2.
54 3. 5 10-11 4. 5. 6.
55 7. 8. 9.
56 10. 11. ;, 12. 13. 14. 15. 6-12
57 16. 1000 17. 18. 300-1500 19. 8-16 1-2 1 20. 2
58 21. 2-3 22. 10-24 1000 23. 4-8 3 1 24. 25. 0.5 26.
59 3-6 1 27. 28. 78 46 29. 1000 2700 30. 31. 23
60 32. 400 2100 33. 5 23 34. 8 35. 1400 36.
61 1. 2. 3. 4.
62 5. 6. 7. 8.
63 9. 10. 11. 2030 " "
1987... 1987... 1999.,. 1-149.. 1994.. 1990.., 87-89. 1996.. 1-109.. 1996.. 1-95.. 1999. --. 1-132.. 1999.. 1-163.. 64
1. Pteridophyte 1. Adiantaceae 1. Adiantum diaphanum Blume 2. Aspidiaceae 2. Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching 3. Ctenitis subglandulosa (Hance) Ching 3. Aspleniaceae 4. Asplenium cataractarum Rosenst 4. Athyriaceae 5. Athyriopsis japonica (Thunb.) Ching 6. Diplazium dilatatum Blume 7. Diplazium donianum (Mett.) Tard.-Blot 8. Diplazium mettenianum (Miq.) C. Chr. 9. Diplazium petri Tard.-Blot 5. Blechnaceae 10. Blechnum orientale L. 11. Woodwardia harlandii Hook. 12. Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm. 13. Woodwardia kempii Copel. 6. Cyatheaceae 14. Alsophila metteniana Hance 15. Alsophila spinulosa (Hook.) Tryon 16. Sphaeropteris lepifera (Hook.) Tryon 7. Dennstaedtiaceae 17. Microlepia hookeriana (Wall.) Presl 18. Microlepia obtusiloba Hayata 19. Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore 8. Dipteridaceae 20. Dipteris conjugata Reinw. 9. Dryopteridaceae 21. Arachniodes pseudo-aristata (Tagawa) Ohwi 22. Arachniodes rhomboides (Wall.) Ching 23. Dryopteris sparsa (Don) Ktze. 24. Dryopteris subexaltata (Christ) C. Chr. 25. Dryopteris varia (L.) Ktze. 10. Equisetaceae 26. Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. 65
11. Gleicheniaceae 27. Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Under. 28. Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Under. var. tetraphylla (Rosenst.) Nakai 29. Diplopterygium chinensis (Rosenst.) DeVol 12. Hymenophyllaceae 30. Selenodesmium obscurum (Blume) Copel. 31. Vandenboschia orientalis (C. Chr.) Ching 13. Lindsaeaceae 32. Sphenomeris chusana (L.) Copel. 14. Lomariopsidaceae 33. Bolbitis subcordata (Copel.) Ching 15. Lycopodiaceae 34. Lycopodium cernuum L. 16. Marattiaceae 35. Angiopteris lygodiifolia Rosenst. 17. Oleandraceae 36. Nephrolepis auriculata (L.) Trimen 37. Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott 18. Osmundaceae 38. Osmunda banksiaefolia (Pr.) Kuhn 19. Polypodiaceae 39. Colysis elliptica (Thunb.) Ching 40. Colysis wrightii Ching 41. Lemmaphyllum microphyllum Presl 42. Lepisorus monilisorus (Hayata) Tagawa 43. Microsorium fortunei (Moore) Ching 44. Polypodium formosanum Bak. 45. Pyrrosia lingua (Thunb.) Farw. 20. Pteridaceae 46. Onychium japonicum (Thunb.) Kunze 47. Pteris ensiformis Burm. 48. Pteris fauriei Hieron. 49. Pteris grevilleana Wall. 50. Pteris semipinnata L. 21. Schizaeaceae 51. Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. 22. Selaginellaceae 52. Selaginella delicatula (Desv.) Alston 53. Selaginella doederleinii Hieron. 66
54. Selaginella mollendorffii Hieron. 23. Thelypteridaceae 55. Christella parasitica (L.) Lev. 56. Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching 57. Parathelypteris angulariloba (Ching) Ching 58. Parathelypteris glanduligera (Kunze) Ching 59. Pronephrium simplex (Hook.) Holtt. 60. Pronephrium triphyllum (Sw.) Holtt. 24. Vittariaceae 61. Vittaria angusto-elongata Hayata 2. Gymnosperm 25. Cupressaceae 62. Calocedrus formosana (Florin) Florin 63. Juniperus chinensis L. var. kaizuka Hort. ex Endl. 26. Cycadaceae 64. Cycas revoluta Thunb. 27. Pinaceae 65. Pinus luchuensis Mayr. 3. Dicotyledon 28. Acanthaceae 66. Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek. 67. Codonacanthus pauciflorus Nees 68. Justicia procumbens L. 69. Staurogyne concinnula (Hance) Ktze. 29. Aceraceae 70. Acer albopurpurascens Hayata 71. Acer kawakamii Koidz. 72. Acer serrulatum Hayata 30. Actinidiaceae 73. Saurauja oldhamii Hemsl. 31. Amaranthaceae 74. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Moq.) Griseb. 75. Celosia cristata L. 32. Annonaceae 76. Fissistigma oldhamii (Hemsl.) Merr. 33. Apiaceae 67
77. Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook. 78. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. 34. Apocynaceae 79. Anodendron affine (Hook. & Arn.) Druce 80. Anodendron benthamiana Hemsl. 81. Trachelospermum gracilipes Hook. f. 35. Aquifoliaceae 82. Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arn.) Champ. 83. Ilex ficoidea Hemsl. 84. Ilex formosana Maxim. 85. Ilex micrococca Maxim. 86. Ilex rotunda Thunb. 87. Ilex uraiensis Mori & Yamamoto 36. Araliaceae 88. Aralia bipinnata Blanco 89. Dendropanax pellcidopunctata (Hayata) Kanehira ex Kanehira & Hatusima 90. Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L.) S. Y. Hu 91. Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms 37. Aristolochiaceae 92. Asarum macranthum Hook. f. 38. Asclepiadaceae 93. Hoya carnosa (L. f.) R. Br. 39. Asteraceae 94. Ageratum houstonianum Mill. 95. Bidens chilensis DC. 96. Bidens pilosa L. 97. Dichrocephala bicolor (Roth) Schlechtendal 98. Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC. 99. Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitamura var. formosanum (Hayata) Kitamura 100. Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. 101. Gynura bicolor (Willd.) DC. 102. Ixeris laevigata (Blume) Schultz-Bip. ex Maxim. var. oldhami (Maxim.) Kitamura 103. Soliva anthemifolia R. Br. 104. Sonchus oleraceus L. 105. Vernonia andersoni Clarke var. albipappa Hayata 106. Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. 107. Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. 108. Youngia japonica (L.) DC. 40. Balsaminaceae 109. Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. 41. Boraginaceae 110. Ehretia longiflora Champ. ex Benth. 68
42. Brassicaceae 111. Cardamine flexuosa With. 112. Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern 43. Callitricheaceae 113. Callitriche verna L. 44. Campanulaceae 114. Wahlenbergia marginata (Thunb.) A. DC 45. Caprifoliaceae 115. Lonicera japonica Thunb. 116. Sambucus formosana Nakai 117. Viburnum luzonicum Rolfe 46. Caryophyllaceae 118. Cerastium ianthes Will. 119. Sagina japonica (Sw.) Ohwi 47. Celastraceae 120. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. 48. Chloranthaceae 121. Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai 49. Clusiaceae 122. Garcinia subelliptica Merr. 50. Convolvulaceae 123. Erycibe henryi Prain 51. Crassulaceae 124. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz 52. Cucurbitaceae 125. Gymnopetalum cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kurz 126. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino 127. Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi 53. Daphniphyllaceae 128. Daphniphyllum glaucescens Bl. subsp. oldhamii (Hemsl.) Huang 54. Ebenaceae 129. Diospyros eriantha Champ. ex Benth. 55. Elaeagnaceae 130. Elaeagnus thunbergii Serv. 56. Elaeocarpaceae 131. Elaeocarpus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. 69
132. Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir. 133. Sloanea formosana Li 57. Ericaceae 134. Pieris taiwanensis Hayata 135. Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet 136. Rhododendron spp. 137. Vaccinium wrightii Gray 58. Euphorbiaceae 138. Antidesma japonicum Sieb. & Zucc. var. densiflorum Hurusawa 139. Bischofia javanica Blume 140. Bridelia balansae Tutch. 141. Glochidion acuminatum Muell.-Arg. 142. Glochidion rubrum Blume 143. Glochidion zeylanicum (Gaertn.) A. Juss. 144. Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) Muell. -Arg. 145. Sapium discolor Muell.-Arg. 59. Fabaceae 146. Acacia confusa Merr. 147. Archidendron lucidum Benth. 60. Fagaceae 148. Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hayata 149. Limlia uraiana (Hayata) Masamune & Tomiya 61. Gesneriaceae 150. Rhynchotechum discolor (Maxim.) Burtt 62. Juglandaceae 151. Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall. 63. Lamiaceae 152. Clinopodium gracile (Benth.) Ktze. 153. Hyptis rhomboides Mart. & Gal. 154. Prunella vulgaris L. 155. Scutellaria indica L. 64. Lardizabalaceae 156. Stauntonia obovatifoliola Hayata 65. Lauraceae 157. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm. 158. Cinnamomum insulari-montanum Hayata 159. Cryptocarya chinensis (Hance) Hemsl. 160. Lindera communis Hemsl. 161. Lindera megaphylla Hemsl. 162. Machilus japonica Sieb. & Zucc. var. kusanoi (Hayata) Liao 163. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc. 70
66. Lythraceae 164. Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne 67. Magnoliaceae 165. Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sargent 166. Michelia fuscata (Andr.) Blume 68. Malvaceae 167. Malvaviscus arboreus (L.) Cav. 69. Melastomataceae 168. Blastus cochinchinensis Lour. 169. Melastoma candidum D. Don 70. Menispermaceae 170. Pericampylus formosanus Diels 171. Stephania japonica (Thunb. ex Murray) Miers 71. Moraceae 172. Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Herit. ex Vent. 173. Ficus erecta Thunb. var. beecheyana (Hook. & Arn.) King 174. Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume 175. Ficus microcarpa L. f. 176. Ficus nervosa Heyne 177. Ficus pumila L. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner 178. Ficus sarmentosa Buch.-Ham. ex J. E. Sm. var. nipponica (Fr. & Sav.) Corner 179. Ficus superba (Miq.) Miq. var. japonica Miq. 180. Morus australis Poir. 72. Myricaceae 181. Myrica rubra (Lour.) Sieb. & Zucc. 73. Myrsinaceae 182. Ardisia sieboldii Miq. 183. Maesa japonica (Thunb.) Moritzi 184. Maesa tenera Mez 185. Myrsine sequinii Lev. 74. Myrtaceae 186. Psidium guajava L. 187. Syzygium buxifolium Hook. & Arn. 188. Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & Perry 75. Nyctaginaceae 189. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. 76. Oleaceae 190. Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton var. serrulatus (Hayata) Koidz. 191. Fraxinus formosana Hayata 71
192. Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. 193. Ligustrum sinense Lour. 194. Osmanthus fragrans Lour. 77. Oxalidaceae 195. Oxalis corniculata L. 196. Oxalis corymbosa DC. 78. Piperaceae 197. Piper kadsura (Choisy) Ohwi 198. Piper sintenense Hatusima 79. Plantaginaceae 199. Plantago asiatica L. 80. Polygonaceae 200. Polygonum chinense L. 201. Polygonum hydropiper L. 81. Proteaceae 202. Helicia cochichinensis Lour. 203. Helicia formosana Hemsl. 82. Ranunculaceae 204. Clematis grata Wall. 83. Rosaceae 205. Prunus campanulata Maxim. 206. Prunus phaeosticta (Hance) Maxim. 207. Rubus alceifolius Poiret 208. Rubus corchorifolius L. f. 209. Rubus swinhoei Hance 84. Rubiaceae 210. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis 211. Ixora chinensis Lam. 212. Lasianthus appressihirtus Simizu 213. Lasianthus formosensis Matsum. 214. Lasianthus plagiophyllus Hance 215. Mussaenda parviflora Matsum. 216. Ophiorrhiza japonica Blume 217. Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. 218. Psychotria rubra (Lour.) Poir. 219. Psychotria serpens L. 220. Randia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. 221. Spermacoce latifolia Aublet 222. Tricalysia dubia (Lindl.) Ohwi 223. Wendlandia formosana Cowan 85. Rutaceae 72
224. Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. 225. Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. 86. Sabiaceae 226. Meliosma rigda Sieb. & Zucc. 227. Sabia swinhoei Hemsl. 87. Sapindaceae 228. Euphoria longana Lam. 88. Saururaceae 229. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. 89. Saxifragaceae 230. Hydrangea angustipetala Hayata 231. Hydrangea chinensis Maxim. 232. Itea oldhamii Schneider 233. Itea parviflora Hemsl. 234. Pileostegia viburnoides Hook. f. & Thoms. 90. Scrophulariaceae 235. Mazus faurei Bonati 236. Mazus miquelii Makino 237. Vandellia anagallis (Burm. f.) Yamazaki 91. Solanaceae 238. Solanum biflorum Lour. 92. Staphyleaceae 239. Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz 240. Turpinia formosana Nakai 93. Styracaceae 241. Styrax formosana Matsum. 242. Styrax suberifolia Hook. & Arn. 94. Symplocaceae 243. Symplocos lucida (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. 244. Symplocos theophrastaefolia Sieb. & Zucc. 95. Theaceae 245. Adinandra formosana Hayata 246. Camellia japonica L. 247. Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze. 248. Cleyera japonica Thunb. var. morii (Yamamoto) Masamune 249. Eurya chinensis R. Br. 250. Eurya nitida Korthals 251. Pyrenaria shinkoensis (Hayata) Keng 96. Thymelaeaceae 73
252. Wikstroemia indica C. A. Mey. 97. Ulmaceae 253. Celtis sinensis Personn 254. Trema orientalis (L.) Blume 98. Urticaceae 255. Boehmeria densiflora Hook. & arn. 256. Debregeasia edulis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. 257. Elatostema lineolatum Forst. var. major Thwait. 258. Elatostema platyphylloides Shih & Yang 259. Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq. 260. Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masamune 261. Pellionia radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. 262. Pilea aquarum Dunn subsp. brevicornuta (Hayata) C. J. Chen 263. Pilea microphylla (L.) Leibm. 264. Pilea peploides (Gaudich.) Hook. & Arn. 99. Verbenaceae 265. Callicarpa formosana Rolfe 266. Callicarpa kochiana Makino 267. Lantana camara L. 268. Premna microphylla Turcz. 100. Vitaceae 269. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. var. hancei (Planch.) Rehder 270. Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) Planch. 271. Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hook. & Arn.) Planch. var. lecoides (Maxim.) Lu 272. Tetrastigma umbellatum (Hemsl.) Nakai 273. Vitis kelungensis Momiyama 4. Monocotyledon 101. Agavaceae 274. Agave angustifolia Haw. var. marginata Trel. 102. Araceae 275. Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott & Endl. 276. Arisaema ringens Schott 277. Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl. 278. Pothos chinensis (Raf.) Merr. 279. Typhonium blumei Nicolson & Sivadasan 103. Arecaceae 280. Calamus quiquesetinervius Burret. 281. Rhapis excelsa (Thunb.) Henry ex Rehder 104. Cannaceae 282. Canna indica L. var. orientalis (Rosc.) Hook. f. 74
105. Commelinaceae 283. Amischotolype chinensis (N. E. Br.) E. H. Walker ex Hatusima 284. Commelina benghalensis L. 285. Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. 286. Zebrina pendula Schnizl. 106. Cyperaceae 287. Carex pumila Thunb. 288. Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl. 289. Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv. 107. Dioscoreaceae 290. Dioscorea japonica Thunb. 108. Eriocaulaceae 291. Eriocaulon sexangulare L. 109. Hypoxidaceae 292. Curculigo capitulata (Lour.) Ktze. 110. Lemnaceae 293. Lemna perpusilla Torr. 111. Liliaceae 294. Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. 112. Orchidaceae 295. Spiranthes sinensis (Per.) Ames 113. Poaceae 296. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. amurensis (Komar.) Ohwi 297. Arundo formosana Hack. 298. Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus 299. Digitaria violascens Link 300. Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. 301. Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. 302. Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex Schum. & Laut. 303. Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv. 304. Panicum repens L. 305. Paspalum conjugatum Berg. 306. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. 307. Paspalum longifolium Roxb. 308. Poa annua L. 309. Setaria palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf 310. Sinobambusa kunishii (Hayata) Nakai 311. Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Trin. 114. Smilacaceae 312. Smilax china L. 75
313. Smilax glabra Roxb. 314. Smilax lanceifolia Roxb. 115. Trilliaceae 315. Daiswa chinensis (Franch.) Takhtajan 116. Zingiberaceae 316. Alpinia intermedia Gagn. 317. Alpinia speciosa (Windl.) K. Schum. 318. Hedychium coronarium Koenig 76
1. 1.1 Lepidoptera 1.1.1 Hesperiidae (1) Burara jaina formosana (2) Choapes benjaminii formosanus (3) Tagiades cohaerens (4) Amipittia virgata myakei (5) Isoteinon lamprospilus firmosanus (6) Notocrypta curvifascia (7) Suastus gremius (8) Potanthus confucius angustatus (9) Telicota ohara formosana (10) T. bambusae horisha (11) Borbo cinnara (12) Pelopidas agna (13) Polytremis lubricans taiwana (14) Caltoris cahira austeni 1.1.2 Papilionidae (1) Graphium sarpedon connectens (2) Chilasa agestor matsumurae (3) C. epycides melanoleucus (4) Papilio polytes pasikrates (5) P. protenor amaura (6) P. thaiwanus (7) P. memnon heronus (8) P. bianor thrasymedes 1.1.3 Pieridae (1) Pieris rapae crucivora (2) P. canidia (3) Eurema hecabe 1.1.4 Lycaenidae (1) Heliophorus ila (2) Deudorix epijarbas menesicles (3) Rapala varuna formosana (4) Spindasis lohita formosana (5) S. syama (6) Nacaduba kurava therasia (7) Prosotas nora formosana (8) Jamides alecto dromicus (9) Lampides boeticus (10) Zizeeria maha okinawana (11) Megisba malaya sikkima 77
(12) Acytolepsis puspa myla (13) Celastrina lavendularis himilcon (14) Chilades pandava peripatria (15) Dodona eugenes formosana 1.1.5 Nymphalidae (1) Danaus genutia (Cramer) (2) Parantica aglea maghaba (3) P. swinhoei (4) P. sita niphonica (5) Ideopsis similis (6) Euploea sylvester swinhoei (7) E. mulciber barsine (8) E. eunice hobsoni (9) E. tulliolus koxinga (10) Argyreus hyperbius (11) Junonia orithya (12) J. iphita (13) Kallima inachis formosana (14) Kaniska canace drilon (15) Symbrenthia lilaea formosanus (16) S. hypselis scatinia (17) Hypolimnas bolina kezia (18) Neptis hylas lulculenta (19) N.sappho formosana (20) N. nata lutatia (21) N. taiwana (22) Limenitis sulpitia tricula (23) Athyma selenophora laeta (24) A. cama zoroastres (25) Cyrestis thyodamas formosana (26) Chitoria chrysolora (27) Ypthima baldus zodina (28) Y. tappana (29) Y. formosana (30) Y. multistriata (31) Lethe europa pavida (32) Mycalesis francisca formosana (33) Melanitis phedima polishana (34) Penthema formosanum (35) Elymnias hypermnestra hainana 1.1.6 (1) Attacus atlas (2) Samla cynthia 1.1.7 Arctiidae (1) Amata perixanthia 78
1.1.8 Noctuidae (1) Asota heliconia 1.1.9 Zygaenidae (1) Eraamia pulchella (2) Histia flabellicornis (3) Chalcosia?formosana 1.1.10 Callidulidae (1) Callidula attenuata 1.1.11 Lasiocampidae (1) Trabala vishnou 1.2 Odonata 1.2.1 Calopterygidae (1) Matrona basilaris (2) Psolodesmus mandarinus 1.2.2 Euphaeidae (1) Euphaea formosa (2) Bayadera brevicauda brevicauda 1.2.3 Megapodagrionidae (1) Rhipidolestes aculeatus aculeatus 1.2.4 Platycnemididae (1) Coeliccia cyanomelas (2) C. flavicauda flavicauda 1.2.5 Cordulegastridae (1) Anotogaster sieboldii ---- 1.2.6 Gomphidae (1) Lamelligomphus formosanus 1.2.7 Libellulidae (1) Lyriothemis flava (2) Orthetrum glaucum (3) O. triangulare (4) Zygonyx takasako 1.3 Orthoptera 1.3.1 Gryllotalpidae (1) Gryllotalpa fossor 1.3.2 Acridiidae 79
(1) Chondracris rosea (2) Atractomorpha sinensis 1.3.3 Tetrigidae (1) Eucriotettix oculatus 1.4 Phasmida 1.4.1 Bacunculidae (1) Phraortes elongat1us 1.5 Mantodea 1.5.1 Mantidae (1) Hierodula patellifera 1.6 Blattaria 1.6.1 (1) Opisthoplatia orientalis 1.7 Hemiptera 1.7.1 Pentatomidae (1) Erthesina fullo (2) Megarrhamphus truncatus 1.7.2 Scutelleridae (1) Cantao ocellatus 1.8 Homoptera 1.8.1 Cicadidae (1) Platypleura kaempferi (2) Cryptotympana facialis (3) Pomponia fusca (4) Rihana ochracea (5) Mogannia formosana 1.8.2 Flatidae (1) Geisha distinctissima 1.8.3 Issidae (1) Tonga fusiformis 1.8.4 Cercopidae (1) Cosmoscarta uchidae 80
1.8.5 Cicadellidae (1) Cicadella ferruginea 1.9 Coleoptera 1.9.1 Carabidae (1) Calosoma maximowiczi (2) Craspedophorus formosanus 1.9.2 Cicindelidae (1) Cicindela psilica 1.9.3 Silphidae (1) Eusilpha sp. 1.9.4 Lucanidae (1) Lucanus swinhoei (2) Neolucanus swinhoei (3) Odontolabis siva 1.9.5 Scarabaeidae (1) Dicranocephalus bourgoini (2) Protaetia orientails (3) Allomyrina dichotoma (4) Anomala expansa (5) Cyphochilus crataceus taipeiensis 1.9.6 Buprestidae (1) Chalcophora japonica 1.9.7 Elateridae (1) Campsosternus auratus (2) Paracalais larvatus 1.9.8 Coccinellidae (1) Lemnia swinhoei (2) Menochilus sexmaculatus (3) Coelophora chinensis (4) Ephilachna vigintioctopunctata 1.9.9 Meloidae (1) Clanis bilineata 1.9.10 Tenebrionidae (1) Ceropria sp. 1.9.11 Cerambycidae (1) Chlorophorus signaticollis (2) Mesosa perplexa (3) Psacothea hiraris 81
(4) Anoplophora malasiaca (5) Olenecamptus taiwanus 1.9.12 Chrysomelidae (1) Agetocera discedens (2) Morphosphaera chrysomeloides 1.9.13 Attelabidae (1) Paroplapoderus pardaloides 1.9.14 Curculionidae (1) Dermatoxenus caesicollis 1.9.15 Lampyridae (1) Luciola ficta (2) Lychnuris praetexta 1.10 Diptera 1.10.1 Tipulidae (1) Ctenacroscelis sp. 1.10.2 Calliphoridae (1) Chrysomyia megacephala 1.11 Hymenoptera 1.11.1 Formicidae (1) Crematogaster sp. 1.11.2 Vespidae (1) Vespa affinis 2. 2.1 Anura 2.1.1 Bufonidae (1) Bufo bankorensis (2) Bufo melanosticus 2.1.2 Microhylidae (1) Microhyla ornata 2.1.3 Rhacophoridae (1) Chirixalus idiootocus (2) Chirixalus eiffinger (3) Polypedates megacephalus (4) Racophorus taipeinus ---- 82
2.1.4 Ranidae (1) Rana narina swihoana (2) Rana guntheri ---- (3) Rana latouchii (4) Rana longicrus (5) Rana kuhlii (6) Rana limnocharis (7) Rana adenopleura 3. 3.1 Squamata 3.1.1 Gekkonidae (1) Gekko hokouensis (2) Hemidactylus frenatus 3.1.2 Agamidae (1) Japalura polygonata xanthostoma (2) Japalura swinhonis 3.1.3 Lacertidae (1) Takydromus formosanus ---- (2) Takydromus stejnegeri *---- 3.1.4 Scincieae (1) Eumeces elegans (2) Sphenomorphus indicus (3) Eumeces chinensis 4. 4.1 Squamata 4.1.1 Colubridae (1) Zacoys dhumuades (2) Dinodon rufozonatum (3) Natrix swinhoii (4) Natrix santeri (5) Eurypholis major (6) Psammodynastes pulveruleutus 4.1.2 Elapidae (1) Bungarus ulticinctus ---- (2) Naja naja ---- 4.1.3 Viperdae (1) Trimeresurus gramineus 83
5. 5.1 Order Ciconiformes 5.1.1 Family Ardeiae (1) Egretta garzetta (2) Egretta garzetta (3) Nyctiorax nyctiorax 5.2 Order Falconiformes 5.2.1 Family accitipridae (1) Accipiter soloensis ---- (2) Accipiter virgatus ---- (3) Accipiter trivirgatus ---- (4) Spiornis cheela ---- 5.3 Order Galliformes 5.3.1 Order Phasianidae (1) Bambusicola thoracica 5.4 Order Columbiformes 5.4.1 Gamily Columbidae (1) Streptopelia chinensis (2) Streptopelia orientalis (3) Streptopelia tranquebarica 5.5 Order Cuculiformes 5.5.1 Family Cuculidae (1) Cuculus saturatus (2) Centropus bengalenis 5.6 Order Strigiformes 5.6.1 Family Strigidae (1) Otus spilocephalus ---- (2) Otus scops ---- 5.7 Order Apodiformes 5.7.1 Family Apodedae (1) Apus affinis (2) Apus pacificus 5.8 Order Piciformes 5.8.1 Family Capitonidae (1) Megalaima oorti 84
5.9 Order Passeriformes 5.9.1 Family Hirundinidae (1) Hirundo rustica (2) Hirundo tahitica 5.9.2 Family Motacillidae (1) Motacilla cinerea (2) Motacilla alba 5.9.3 Family Pycnonotidae (1) Hypsipetes madagascariensis (2) Pycnonotus sinensis 5.9.4 Family Laniidae (1) Lanius cristatus ---- 5.9.5 Family Turdinae (1) Myiophoneus insularis ---- (2) Turdus obscurus (3) Turdus chrysolaus 5.9.6 Family Timalinae (1) Alcippe burnnea (2) Alcippe morrisonia (3) Pomatorhinus erythrogenys (4) Pomatorhinus ruficollis (5) Stachyris ruficeps (6) Yuhina zantholeuca 5.9.7 Family Paradoxormithidae (1) Paradoxornix gularis 5.9.8 Family Sylviidae (1) Prinia flaviventris (2) Prinia subflava 5.9.9 Family Muscicapinae (1) Hypothymis azurea 5.9.10 Family Zosterops japonica (1) Zosterops japonica 5.9.11 Family Ploceidae (1) Passer montanus (2) Lonchura striata 5.9.12 Family Dicuruidae (1) Dicrurus macrocercus 5.9.13 Family Corvidae 85
(1) Dendrocitta formosae (2) Urocissa caerulea ---- 6. 6.1 Rodentia 6.1.1 Sciuridae (1) Callosciurus erythraeus 6.1.2 Muridae (1) Niviventer coxingi (2) Micromys minutus 6.2 Insectivora 6.2.1 Soricidae (1) Crocidura attenuata (2) Crocidura knrodai 6.2.2 Talpidae (1) Mogera insularis 86