( ) 039 (CIP) (2005)/, :, ISBN Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 Ⅲ 2005 Ⅳ F42 CIP (2005) (2005) : : : ( ) :(010) (010) :(010)

(2005)

( ) 039 (CIP) (2005)/, :,2005 10 ISBN7 5025 7720 3 Ⅰ Ⅱ 1 2 Ⅲ 2005 Ⅳ F42 CIP (2005) 115526 (2005) : : : ( 3 100029) :(010)64982530 (010)64918013 :(010)64982630 htp://www.cip.com.cn 880mm 1230mm 1/16 29 579 2006 1 1 2006 1 1 ISBN7 5025 7720 3 :110 00,

,,, 20 90,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,, 2004, 2005,,,,

, 20,,,,,, 21,,,,,,, (2005),,

, 20,,,,,, (2004), 2004 10, (2005),, ; 200 ;,, ;, ;,,,, (2005)

1,,,, ( ), ;,,, 1 1,,,,,,, 4000, 21 21, 70%,

2,, 21, 1 2,,,, 2003 200 ; 2000 10000t, 55?, 2004~2006, 55 ~70, (OLED) 2002 8500 2007 25, 89%,OLED 2008 9 26, 15%, 2015, 50, 20, 5 800, 2010 4000 500, 2010, 14400,, 2010 1000,,2001 2750, 10%, 2010 6500,2004 180 1, 27 7% 20%,2005 219 0,2009 555 5? 1 =0 0254m,1 =6 4516 10-4 m 2,

1 3 1 3 1956,,,,, : 1,, ; 2, ; 3, ; 4, ; 5 ; 6 ; 7,,,, 1000, 10, 40%,,,,, 300, 10, 200,,160 20 20 60 70,, 80, 90,,,,,,,,

4,,,,, 500 40,,,2004,,, :, ;, ;, ;,, ;, 2~4, 1/4~ 1/3,,,,,,,,, ;, 1 4 21,,,, ;,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,

1 5 ;,,,,,,,,,, (1),,, (2),,, (3), ;, 20% ~30%, 20% (4) ;,, (5),,, ;,,,,

6

2 2001~2004 2 1,, 21,,,,, 2000,,,,2001, ;2001 ( [2000]2433 ),,, 201,, 2002, 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 (1)

8 201 2 1 2 1,, 2 1 / 44 404152 70 29590 00 30 477766 16 51900 00 22 193087 58 16500 00 26 282095 00 26500 00 21 133738 00 14750 00 27 247697 04 23150 00 31 307384 83 31800 00 201 2045921 31 194190 00 (2) 21 4 3 ( 2 1), :,, 2 1 (3) / 2 2,,,, ;,

2 2001~2004 9,, ; ;,, ;, 2 2 ( : ) 3 2 4 5 1 5 20 5 2 1 8 3 2 2 1 1 3 12 2 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 2 1 7 2 2 2 6 3 2 2 2 9 4 2 1 1 8 3 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 8 1 1 1 3 15 1 2 2 1 1 2 9 1 1 2 1 5 3 1 3 2 1 2 5 17 3 2 1 1 2 9 1 2 3 4 2 2 1 9 4 1 1 6 1 1 2 2 6 3 2 3 2 2 12 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 2 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 3,,, 2 2 1 2, 189 201 18056, 58 7%, 23 3%, 7 9%, 10 1% ( 2 2),, 70% 20 90 (80 53%)

10 2 2, 17 14%, 43 65% ( ),, 2 2 1 3 4 (1),, (2), (3), (4),, 76 1% ( 2 3) 2 3,,,, 2 4 2 5 67 2%,75%

2 2001~2004 11 2 4 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 1,,,,,, 80%, 20% 2 2 2 2, 2 3, 2 3 (1) / (2) ( )/% : ( )/% 204 8 88 54 94 67 ( )/% 88 91 ( )/% 77 18 ( )/% 60 84 2 2 2 3,,,, 2 4

12 2 4 ( 201 )/ /% 68 33 83 106 52 74 27 13 43 2 3 (1),, 201, 19 42, 966 12, 200mm (8 ), 2,,, 204 76, 10 54, 1 02,, 10 (2) 109, 286 14, 21 24, 21 50, 40 37, 2 63, 1948 63, 1972 48, 3703 67 2 86,, 1, 2001 89103, 9661, 20493, 5465, 2003, 5850, 1400, 2 5 ( ), 28 81% 2, 500t 1200t 2000 1152t, 5000 1 415, 1414 2003 1955 4t, 1 73, 3 4

2 2001~2004 13 (MDI), 2000 3 44 2001 5 7, 0 498 1 007 4 (PPS), 1 37, 4500 ; PPS, 1500 5 1200 PU,2003 2 18, 3965, 316, 633 85 6 1,2003 1, 2800, 1100, 15% 25%,,, 7, 2003 12,2004 5,13, 70%,2005 6, 51840, 12122, 8,, 36935,,2003 59379 2 4, ( 70%), 30%,,, 1,,,,, 4NEu 2O 3 5~6N Eu 2O 3,,

14,, VFD PDP,,, 2 MDI, BASF Bayer ICI DOW MDI 90 70 2, 90, 30 10, 50%, 2 19,, MDI4 10 MDI, 1 3,,, 3,,,,, : 20, 20, 2 4 PPS,, PPS, PPS, 5 ( ),, ;,,

2 2001~2004 15 6,,, PU,,, PU, ( ) ( ) 7,,,,,, 1/3, 10%,, 2002 4, 2500t,,, 1 2, 2500t,, 8, 2004 10 2005 12,,,,,2003 2100,2004 4100, 226,,, 2005, 1500,, 9,, 2002 11,,2003 7, 2004 10,,

16,,,,, 2 5,,,,,,, 1,,, Ga In As Sb 65t, 2, 2002 2003,, 10 5~7N 57t/a ( 10t/a ) 2003 4 29, 2003 10,,,, 2,,,,,,, 2004 7

2 2001~2004 17 3,, 7, 2, 60% 30%, 10%,, 2003 4,, 4 1,,,, 2002 12, 5,, 1992, 60,,,,, 40, 35%, 65%, 100t, 30 120 400t,2003 3 6, 6000, 6,, 13, 6, 100mm, 80m/min,,,, ;,, ;,,

18 7,, 80t/a,,,,,, 8 (PPS),,,,, 2003 8,2004 9,,,,,,,,,, 10, 5930, 3017m 2, GeCl 440t, GeCl 4, 2004 1~6 4t, 5 10-6 70% 2004,, 2005,,,,

2 2001~2004 19 瑏瑡 800t, 2001, 2002, 1 4, 2,, 1200t/a, 3,, 瑏瑢 300t,,,,,, 2004 5,6, (300t/a ), 瑏瑣 TFT TFT PMMA TFT,,, PMMA, 4,, 13320, 3224 2002,2002 10,2003 1,2004, PMMP TFT, 瑏瑤,,, 2003 8, 11360, 21326m 2, 150,

20,,,,,, ;,,, 瑏瑥 21,,,,, 2004 10,,,,,,, 2 6,, : ;,, 1 C C, C C,, 9%, 25%, 100%,, 757,,, C C,

2 2001~2004 21, 2 2 /,, 40% 8%,,,,,, 3,,, 55% 80%;,, ;, ;,,, 4, Ⅱ, Ⅲ,,,, 5,,,, 6 700t,,,,,,, 7 1 5

22,,,,,,,,,, 8,,,,,, 2002 6, 1999 10, 1 3, 10, 2000,, 9, 5%~25 4%, 25 8% 58 3%,, 2000, 3, 10 5000t,, TDK PC40, ; MnZn NiZn AlN BN 2003 9 28 瑏瑡 ( ),,,

2 2001~2004 23,, 2002 7, 瑏瑢 10,,, YFZZ101, YNFWH101 2003 2004,,,,, 2004 4 瑏瑣, 3~5,,,, ; ;, ITS SGS, 0 0015%, 0 06% 0 009%, MEL, 瑏瑤,,,,,, 2004 8, 瑏瑥,, 4813 56, 90%,, 10251, 1193

24,, 2 7 2 7 1, 7 21, 2 7 2,,, 70%,, 2 7 3, (1),,,, (2),,, (3),, (4), (5),

2 2001~2004 25, (6),,,,, (1),, (2),, (3),,,, (4),,, 2 8,, 4000,, 21, :,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,

26,,,,,,,, :, :,,,, 2 8 1 (1), (2),,, (3),,, (4),,,,,,,, (5),, (6), (7),,,,

2 2001~2004 27 (8),,,,, 2 8 2,,, 1 (8 12 ;SOI SiGe Si GaAs InP GaN ) 2 ( ) 3 (PDP LCD LED OLED) 4 5 6 ( ) 7 8 9 ( ) 10 ( ) 瑏瑡 ( ) 瑏瑢 瑏瑣 ( ) 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 瑏瑧

28 2 8 3,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 8 4 (1),,,,,, (2),,,,, (3),,,,,,,,, WTO,

2 2001~2004 29,,,,, ( ),, (4), 1999 2000,,, ; 2 9,,,,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,,,

30,

3 3 1, 200, 20,,,,,,,, (1), 1,,, 2, 3 ( ), (2), 1940 100,1970 1000,1985

32 2000,2004 ( ) 4000, 3%~5% 2010 3500, 4500 85%, 2004 3000, 5%,2004 667 1, 618, 1980 40 600 / ( ),,,,,,,, (3),,, 1 ~ 2,, 70% 20 50, 20%, 60, 25%, 70~80, 20% 80 90,,, 20%, ( + ) 4000 /, 3000 /, ( ) 36%, 20%, 20% 3% 1950, 20 50~60 80,, 1980 52 9, 35,2004 618, 1980 1068%, 1980 17,

3 33,,, ; ;,,,, (4), ( 80% ),, 36%,,, :,,,,,,,, 3 2 3 2 1,,,,, 1940 100, 2004 ( ) 4000, 2010 4500 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), (ALCOA) (ALCAN) (REYNOLDS) (KAISER) (PECHIN EY) (ALUSWISSE) (VAW),

34 60%,,, 3 1~ 3 4 1990 3 1 1991~2004 ( : ) 1991 1962 1853 2 +108 8 1992 1927 1838 7 +88 3 1993 1927 1 1822 2 +149 9 1994 1912 1959 3-47 3 1995 1974 2029 9-59 9 1996 2078 9 2045 1 +37 5 1997 2180 4 2140 6 +39 8 1998 2265 6 2168 8 +98 8 1999 2360 2304 +56 2000 2446 4 2395 +52 1 2001 2549 5 2498 +51 5 2002 2613 9 2563 5 +50 4 2003 2792 8 2737 8 +55 2004 2970 8 2913 1 +57 7 3 2 ( : ) 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 360 3 371 1 375 8 366 8 336 7 369 5 370 21 351 290 6 300 6 313 8 342 4 330 2 334 7 347 9 360 217 9 246 3 261 8 282 7 342 7 451 1 556 3 667 1 232 7 237 4 238 3 237 4 258 3 270 9 279 1 274 149 4 161 6 170 2 176 4 178 5 183 6 186 4 190 3 3 1991~2000 ( : ) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 /% 519 29 551 56 640 21 652 45 700 26 693 52 734 59 673 13 724 43 706 61 3 48 256 46 245 15 236 94 257 92 264 24 270 73 278 62 254 81 257 21 266 85 0 44 50 52 65 74 77 26 85 52 174 23 162 01 176 11 147 15 176 55 217 15 17 59 131 89 136 97 128 40 140 72 149 70 148 27 180 88 181 70 186 42 200 99 4 79 78 54 82 57 80 39 88 58 92 41 87 33 93 62 95 85 100 79 105 73 3 36 72 61 73 24 67 29 73 70 73 95 68 70 74 09 74 96 77 41 75 75 0 47 1335 7 1385 6 1435 3 1548 1 1709 2 1646 4 1794 0 1804 6 1903 8 2005 8 4 68 3 4 21 (2002 ) [ : /( )] 27 4 17 0 2 30 0 75 6 8 0 55 19 4 9 10 0 65 0 30 9 15 0 20 16 40 10 00 1 00 0 12 5 55 1 08 21 25 10 80 1 20 0 10 5 82 2 75 14 6 6 0 0 90 0 20 6 7 0 80 12 00 5 40 1 00 0 30 4 00 1 50 12 10 7 75 1 35 0 13 2 50 0 80 9 6 5 20 1 15 0 12 2 80 0 33 3 2 1 05 0 22 0 05 1 80 0 08 3 30 1 80 0 25 0 12 1 25 0 15

3 35 1990,,,,,,, ;,,, ;,, 20 80,,,,, 3 :1 25%~30%, (3 1)~(3 5 1);2 97%, ;3 50%,,, 3 2 2 20 50 (1954 ),, 20 80,, 40 1983,,, 1989 76, 42, 87 1990,,,,

36 20 90, 15%, 20% 2001 427, 342 7, (336 ) 2004 667 1,, 2004, 1100, 500, 450, 2004 200, 120,, 2004 ( ) 618,, 20 80 0 8 /( ), 2004 5 0 /( ) 3 5~ 3 7 1990 3 5 2000 ( : ) 5290 1460 655 432 2445 2 342 0 325 8 282 7 1777 6 788 0 266 8 217 8 882 4 347 0 121 3 100 0 ( ) 2481 2 546 1 222 2 353 2 ( ) 3303 6 930 3 343 5 485 8 3 6 1990 ( : ) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 39 38 50 52 65 24 77 26 85 52 174 23 162 01 176 11 : 16 60 19 89 20 30 20 27 17 31 33 96 36 63 43 00 1 12 1 50 1 97 2 21 2 72 9 07 9 24 11 36 10 05 26 35 19 31 27 68 25 33 91 42 82 80 88 39 2 79 2 60 2 41 2 40 2 19 17 42 19 39 16 33 8 82 10 17 21 72 29 71 37 96 22 56 13 71 16 83 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 147 15 176 55 217 15 240 298 9 400 450 21 4 : 26 72 29 53 34 55 54 1 65 2 88 6 135 20 5 9 90 12 25 17 53 25 1 28 3 35 0 43 31 4 38 28 46 17 57 75 108 172 211 232 25 4 7 11 8 04 9 07 12 1 13 5 19 1 20 2 9 6 65 14 80 56 98 25 40 7 19 9 46 3 19 8 15 0 /%,,,,,

3 37 3 7 1998~2001 ( : ) 1998 147 1 34 1 16 3 164 9 1999 173 5 42 7 9 5 208 2 2000 217 1 45 7 13 0 249 8 2001 24 0 40 4 13 5 266 9,,,, ;, ;, ;,,,,, ;,, 3 8 3 9 3 8 2005 ( : ) 800 700 250 500 750 561 3 9 2005 ( : ) 150 48 10 18 260 14 500 30 3 4 4 15 5 61 180 51 14 22 275 19 561 3 3,,, (85% ), ; ; ; ;, 3 3 1, 10% 80%

38 2004 120, 55, 30, 29, 4 58 12%, 3 10 3 11 3 10 ( : ) 2002 2003 2004 2005( ) /% 41 56 47 46 53 16 60 12 9 24 23 27 14 30 26 33 38 11 8 25 29 27 82 29 50 32 45 10 3 78 4 15 4 58 4 99 9 1 94 86 106 57 117 50 129 85 10 5 31 34 35 17 38 78 42 85 10 5 3 11 ( : ) 2002 2003 2004 2005( ) /% 33 72 37 52 40 69 46 25 13 6 1 85 2 12 2 37 2 65 12 2 8 3 8 5 6 6 05 8 1 75 2 29 2 57 2 88 11 2 1 41 1 73 1 94 2 17 11 2 41 53 47 46 53 17 60 00 11 2,,, 6000, 7, 2004 500, 2000, 200 /, 380 / ( ), 100 / 80%,,,,, 3 12 3 13,,, 1 8, 6200 /,,,

3 39 3 12 ( ) AC1A AC2A AC2B AC3A AC4A AC4B AC4C AC4D AC5A Al Cu Al Cu Si Al Cu Si Al Si Al Si Mg Al Si Cu Al Si Mg Al Si Mg Cu Al Cu Ni Mg, AA295 0 AA308 0, Al (Lautal), AA319,,, Al (Lautal),,,,,, r (Silu min),,,, Cu, AA356 0 AA355 0,,,,,,, AA242 0Y AC8A Al Si Cu Ni Mg AAA332 0,, AC8B Al Si Cu Ni Mg,, AC8C Al Si Cu Mg AAF332 0 3 13,, ( ) JIS AA Al Si ADC1 A413 0 Si12 0 Al Si Mg ADC3 A360 0 S19 5 Mg0 5 Al Mg ADC5 518 0 Mg7 5 Al Mg Mn ADC6 Al Si ADC7 C443 0,, Al Si Cu ADC10 A380 0 Al Si Cu ADC12 384 0 Al Si Cu Mn Mg Mg3 3 Mn0 4 Si5 3,, : Cu3 0, Si5 5 Cu2 5,Si10 5 Mg0 6,Mn0 7

40, 1994 Silafont 36,, Mgsimal 59,,, 2004 Castasil 37,,, 3 3 2, 442, 1 9,,,, σb 750MPa, 2 4 10 3 kg/m 3,, :1, ;2, 3 3 2 1,, 2 7 IM, PM SF, 3 14,,, (1) Al Cu Mg Al Cu Mg Zn 1,,

3 41 3 14 Al Cu Mg Al Cu Mg Zn 2124 2048 2024 T351 T851uddyr38~,SCC 2024 152mm 2124,SCC 2024 2124 T851, 2419 2219, 2224 2024, T3511 767 2024, 2024 2324 T39, 767 Д16ч 1161 1163 7075 7049 7149 7249 7175 7475 7050 7150 7010 7055 7090 Д16ч T,TH,T1,T1H T,TH,T1H 10%~15% Д16ч 2 T,TH,T1,T1H T,TH,T1H Д 16ч 20%~50% Д16ч 2 T,TH,T1,T1H 96 300 204 Д 16ч 10%, T6 T73 T76,T651, 150 T7651 T7351,T6 T73,,, T7352,T6511 T73511,, SCC T73511 T76511, 7079, T73 T7352,T73, SCC, SCC, T73 T74 T7452, 7049, 7049 T73511 T76511 Д 16ч 7149, (T76) 7075, T76 T761,T651 T7651 T7351,,,,T 39,, T7651 T7451,T3511, T76511 T73511 T74511,,,,,T7452,,,,, 7150 7050 10%~15% T76 T7652 T7452,, T73,T76 7050,,,, T7651,T74 T7452 Cu, 7050,,,,, 7150 T7751,,, 10%, 7150 T77511,T77,, PM7090 T7E80 7050 T76 10% ~20%, T7E80 T7E71 IM7050, T7E71,,

42 7091 CW67 7090, T7E68,TE70 TE69 7090 7090 T7X2 1 7064 TX651 TX7651 TX7351 7B93пч,,,, T1 T3, (3 /s) T1 T2 T3 B95 7075, B95пч B950ч B96ц B96ц1 B96ц3 01975 01970 T1 T2 T3 B95, T1 T2,,, B95 T3 B95, T3 T2 T3 B95пч,,,, T1 T2 T3,, B96ц,σb 735MPa,T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 B96ц B96ц1, T1 T2 T3 50%~100% Al Zn Mg Sc Zr Al Zn Mg Sc Zr, Al Cu Mg Zn, Zr Mn Cr, B96ц3 σb 700MPa 2 Fe Si, ;,,,,, 3,

3 43,,, 2024 2124 2324 2424 7175 7475 7055 7155, Fe Si 0 5% 0 1%,,,,,, T351 T7451 T851 T651 T765 T7351 T7451 T77 T7751 Alcoa Davenbot, 12500t, 150mm 4060mm 33500mm 6000t, (2) 1 Al Li Cu Zr Al Li Cu Mg Zr, 7 Al Li Cu Mg Zr 2090 8091 7075 T6 7075 T73 1996 20%,2005 30% 3 15 3 15 ( : ) Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ag Ti Li Zr Al 2090 0 10 0 12 2 4~3 0 0 05 0 25 0 050 10 0 151 9~2 6 0 08~0 15 2091 0 20 0 30 1 8~2 5 0 10 1 1~1 9 0 050 25 0 101 7~2 3 0 14~0 16 2094 0 12 0 15 4 4~5 2 0 25 0 25~0 8 0 25 0 25~0 60 100 7~1 4 0 04~0 18 2095 0 12 0 15 3 9~4 6 0 25 0 25~0 8 0 25 0 25~0 60 100 7~1 5 0 04~0 18 2195 0 12 0 15 3 7~4 3 0 25 0 25~0 8 0 25 0 25~0 60 100 8~1 2 0 08~0 16 X2096 0 12 0 15 2 3~3 1 0 25 0 25~0 8 0 25 0 25~0 60 051 3~0 9 0 04~0 18 2097 0 12 0 15 2 5~3 1 0 10~0 50 0 25 0 35 0 151 2~1 8 0 08~0 16 2197 0 10 0 10 2 5~3 1 0 10~0 50 0 25 0 05 0 121 3~1 7 0 08~0 15 X2297 0 10 0 10 2 5~3 1 0 10~0 50 0 25 0 05 0 121 1~1 7 0 08~0 15 8091 0 30 0 30 1 6~2 2 0 10 0 50~1 20 100 25 0 102 4~2 8 0 06~0 16 2,,,,, Al Sc, Al Zn Mg Sc Zr Al Mg Sc,,,

44 3,Al (7 0~30)% Be (3~8)% Mg Al Be Mg, Mg (Al), Al7 0% Be3% Mg 650MPa, 10%,, (3) 1 PM,, IM PM 7090 7091 CW67, 600MPa ( 3 14), SCC IM, CW67 350kg, 2 SD ( ), DC PM SD PM,,, PM 1/3~1/7, ( 1000kg ),, IM,SD IM,,, 3, B Al BC Al SiC Al Al 2O 3 Al, Sic Al,, 2,, 3 3 2 2,,,, 6009 6111 6010 6082 2038 CP609 ; 7021 7029 ; 2011 6262 ; 6005A 7005 Al Zn Mg ; Cp703 7120 ; 1370 Al Mg Si 6101 6201 A4/L A4G/L ; Al Si

3 45 Mg Bi ( 3000 ); 4006 PS 3 16 3 16 T6 σ0 2/MPa σb/mpa σb/mpa 6060 200 230 175 6106 235 265 180 6005A 270 290 200 6082 290 340 200 6013 331 359 200 7020 310 370 330 CP703 300 340 310 7120 390 440 340 (1),,,, 6063, 6061 6351 6082 5005 6005 7005, T5 T6,, (2) PS,,,, 8011 1050A 3103 3105 5052A 5N01 5657 5182 3204 3404 H 2n H 3n,, (3),,, 1074A 1060 1050A 1A09 1A93 1A85 (4),,, 6005 6005A 6N01 7N01 7005 3 3 2 3 1960,

46,,,, (1),,,,,, 1 ~9,,,, (2) (3),,, (4) 3 4,,,,,,2003, 215, ( ) 24%, 64%, 12%; 136 4, 19%, 77%, 4%; 119, 15%, 46%, 39%;, 40%, 60%,,, 2004

3 47 ( ) 3 17 3 17 2004 ( : / ) 3500 667 1 : 2800 450 ( ) 1800 200 ( ) 1000 250 / 64/36 44/56 : 800 200 300 170 500 30 / 37 5/62 5 85/15 /[kg/( )] 5 3 5 0 /[kg/( )] 4 2 3 5 /% 2~3 15~18,,,,,,, 3 4 1 3 4 1 1 1, 10 2, 3,, 4,, 5,, 6, 3 4 1 2 2004, 1100 350, 250 /, 180, 40% ( 60%), 35 650,

48 320 /, 250, 56% ( 40%),,,,, 10 /, 1+4 1+4 1+5 1+3 1+2,, 80/95MN, 125MN 75MN 55MN 31 5MN, 100MN 80MN, 80MN 55MN, ; ;, (1), (2),,,, (3), (4),, (100kt/a ), 1+3 1+4 1+5 (80MN, 95MN,100MN,125MN ),,,,, 3 4 2 3 4 2 1 1,

3 49 2, (H 2 ), 100gAl H 2 0 1mL;Na 3 10-6, 3, Al Ti B Al Ti C, Sr Na P 4, 150t, 5,,, 6, 3 4 2 2 1 5588mm, 5000mm, 30m, + ( 1+1), 1+3,1+4,1+5, 2, 2000mm, 2mm, 10m/ min,, 3 ( 2000mm) ( 45m/s), (±2μm),,, 0 004mm 3 4 2 3 350MN, 1500mm, 200MN 2500mm 30 80MN,,,,

50 3 4 2 4 750MN, 650MN, 450MN 300MN 3 5m 2, 1 5t, 3 4 2 5, (ISO9000 ), 3 4 2 6, 3 5 3 5 1,,,,, 3 5 2 ; ; ; ; ; ; ;,,,, 1,

3 51, 2 ( 150t) ( 85%),,, 3 4 ( 80MN) 5 ( 3900mm) ( 10000t) 6 ( 2000mm) (1+3 1+4 1+5) (1+2 1+3 1+4) ( ) 7 (150~200MN) (500~800MN) 8 ( 10m/min) ( 1~2mm) ( 2000mm) 3 5 9 conform 10 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 ( ) 瑏瑣 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 3 6 3 6 1 3 18, 3 6 2 3 6 2 1 ( ) 1,,,,,

52 3 18 1 2 3 4 5 1,,, 2, 3,,,,, 1 2 700,48% 3 4 2004, 2004 6000, 460kg /, 370kg / 970~1370kg /, 100 300,, 5% 10% 1,, 2 3 4,,, 20 5 5 /, /, 150 80 / / :88% ~94%, :95% ~97%, :14530~13750kW h/t 12500~13000kW h/t, 12000~12500 / 5 ( ) 10kg / 1kg / 1 <20% >40% 1250~1330 / 2,, 3 54 46 45 55 4,,, 5 70 / 150 /,, 1 0 5 /,, 5 55 / /, 170,,, 2,,, 3 / 120/50 442/150 4 / 20/80 / 44/56 / 85/15 79/21 64/36 37 5/62 5

3 53 5 6 7,, 5,,, 74%, 65%, 6 /( 6 ( ), 150 /( ) ) 1,, 2,,, 3 4,,, 1, 10%, 1%, :15% :35% 2, :12% :21% :30% :20% :5 /( ) : 5 8 /( ), 32 /( ) 3 :4 2 /( ) 4 6 /( ), 28 /( ), 10~15 ; 15~ 4 20 ; 20~, 30 5 :>60% :<40% :<40% :>60%,,, 2,, 3, 100 / ( 150, 3000 ),, 4,, ;, ; ;, 3 6 2 2 ( ) 1,, 20%, 40%,

54 2,,, 3,,,,, 20 90 1800 1100 ( 650, 350 ), 15%, 85%, 0 5 / ( 55 / ), 5 /, 170 / 4,,, PS ;,,, 5,,,,, 20 90, 20 60~ 70,,,,, 70%,,,,,,,,, 6 3 18, ( ), ;, ; ; ; ;,,,

3 55 7 ; ; ;,, ; ; ; ;, 3 6 3 3 6 3 1,,,,,, 3 6 3 2,, ;, ;, ;,,, 3 6 3 3 1,,,, ( ),,,,, 2,,,

56,,,, 50, 2 5,, ( ),,,,,,, 3,,,,,,, ( ),, ( ),,, ( ),, 60%~75%, 25%~40% ( ),,,, ( ),, 4,,,,,,,,

3 57,,,, 5,,,,,, 6,,,, 20 90,,,,,,,,,,, 7,,, 3 7 1,,,, 2,,,,,

58, 3,,,, 1,, :,2005 2, :,2004 3 20 20 2004,(3):38~39 4 2000,(4) 5,, 2004, 2005,(3):2~13 6, 2004,33 (5):1~3 7, 2001,24 (4):49 8, 2005,5 (8) 9, 2005,(4):26~30 10, 2005,(2):45~50 11, 2004,32 (1) 12 2004 2005, 2005,(2):32~44 13 2004 2005, 2005,(4):2~8 14, 2004,(10):2~14 15 2004 2005, 2005,(5):51~54 16, 2005,(5):7~16 17 [ ], 2005,(1):33~38 18, 2005,(1):1~8 19,,2005,(2):5~9 20, 2004,(10):1~3 64 1964 5 40 20 300 200

4,,, 21,,, 32, 16, 60% 40%, 15,,2003 60%,2004 45 2000,, 5,,, 4 1 4 1 1, 1808 H Davy 1886,, 20 30,,

60 20 80 90,, 21,,, 21 14000,, ;,,, 150~250,,,,, 863, ; ;, ;, ;, ; ; 3C ;,, 21, ; 4000, 6, ; ; ; ; 3C ; : ; ; 500 ; 33 ( 15 ); ;

4 61 2004,, (863 ):, 5~10,, 1500, 7 ; ; ; ; ;, 3 175 ; ; Mg Al Zn, ;,, 4 1 1 1, 5, 30, 2004 12, 80%,,, 2 10,,,,,, 1A/dm 2

62 4m 2,, 4 1 1 2 (1),,, ( ),20 90, (RE) (Si) QE22 WE54, Mg Al Si (AS) 175, AS41 AZ91 AM60,AS Mg2Si, Ca Mg2Si, Mg2Si, AS (2) 1 Fe Cu Ni, AZ91HP AZ91C 100, A380, 2,,, (3), SF 6 SO 2 CO 2 Ar,,,,,,,,

4 63 200~300,,,, MP3 (4) Mg Zn Mg Y Ca Zr, ; Ag Th Mg RE Zr, Ag QE22A, ; (ECAE), (5),,,,,, + ZK60 (RS)+ (PM)+ Mg Al Zn EA55RS,, 7075, (300,436%), 2024 T6, SiC, 1999 IM Mg Y, Mg Al B, Magnox,,,,,, 3C,,, AM50 ; ; 8 6 ; ; 10

64 4 1 2, (1), 16 (2),, 3 ~4 /, 20% Magnesium Electron CumberlandCathodicProetction 5000kg (3), 100kg, 0 7L, 10%, 5 5%,,,, 1990, 15% 10, 3 5kg 2010 10kg 2kg DarrylL Albright 2001 4 12, 2 3kg, 20 2 3kg ( 113kg) 4 1 4 1, /,,, /,,,,,,,,ABS AZ91D,AM50A AM60B, AS21,SA41 AE42,

4 65,, 6, 6, CAST AM SCI, 70% 5 6 2004 2 5L DURATEC 2005 20, 7~8, 14%, 14%, (4),,,,,, 3C ABS,PC (DELL) 2004 ( JM5) SONY,IBM, LG,, 3C,,2003, 8219 67, 1/3, 3C 2005 14520t 3C, PDA CD MP3 DVD, (5),,,,, 3 300,,,

66,,,,,,,,,,, 2004,,,, 7 :1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 ;7,,, 4 2 1957, 3000t/a, 20 70 80, 1988,1992,1995,, 1996,, 4 1, 1 10, ; 40, 120,50%,

4 67 4 1 4 2 1 (1) 2003 10 5 2003 60, 36 74%, 35 4, 32 10%, 69 4%, ; 9 88, 47 55% 28 5, 80 2%; 4, 11 3%; : 4 2 2 87 2 8 2 1 1 24 1 0 2004 45, 2003 27 1% (2),,, 1991 14 11t 2004 10t, 1 45t 1 10t, 20 65t 10 0t, 2496kW h 1100kW h (3) 2003 29 8, 4 70, 63 76% 10 4,, 2003 117 43 02, 39 64%

68 4 2 2 1995 85%, 60%,,,, ( ), AZ AM AS ( ),,,, 2003 2004 29 8 38 3, 42 58% 28 7% 4 2 4 3, 4 2 2004 12 6 /kg /kg / / 99 8% 22780543 228349586 39809173 420834507 8084472 80496599 16568242 167031293 282485 3372369 381315 5511369, ; 7022852 69383248 13193506 132510104 218500 704248 621044 2018671 131636 1432400 384527 3661387 38520488 383738450 70957807 731567331 4 3 2004 12 6 /kg /kg / / 99 8% 0 27389 0 43052 369797 4006778 827461 9165261 114997 1468132 114999 1561077, ; 63000 750887 192507 3022777 450 60512 2647 284536 5061 168800 71239 1591408 553305 6482498 1253853 15668111

4 69 1990~2003 12 1%, 1990 0 66 2003 5 12, 2004 7, 2003 38 23% 2004 2 3, 32 62%; 1 5, 21 28%; 1 8, 25 53%, 4 2,, 4 2 2004 4 3, 2002 1~3,,,68%,65%, 20%,, 21,, 2005 2000 29 2% 35%,2005 10%,,,, 70mL, 3200 ; 125mL 5200,2001 125 1236 70, 1213 05 1200, 15%,

70, 2005 9500 ~ 10000, 1200 ~1300, 1 0kg,2005 1 2,, 500, 4 5, 6500, 2270, 2000, 3 12kg 2 08kg, 1 04kg,, 2000,, ( ), 2005 2010 3 55 17 64, 2000 3400, 10 4 51 9 3C, 2005 1 62t,2010 3 15t,,,,,,,,,,, 4 4,,, 1,,, 2, 15%,, 3,,

4 71 4,,,,,, 5,, 2004 38 3, 85%,,,, 6,, WTO,,,,,, 7,,,,, 4 5,,,, 1, 2,

72 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 2005,1 (26):43~49 2 2005,(3):38~40 3,, 2002,4 (23):200~202 4 2004,12 (14):1977~1984 5 2005,(1) 6, 2003,3 (24):161~162 7 2003,(2):4~49 8,,2003,(5):4 9,2003,(12):4 10 MengShukun,XuHe,WuXiuming,XieShuishengandHanWeifromCMA UpliftChina spidgeonmagnesi um ReductionProcessingLevelandDevelopRecyclingEconomy 2004ChinaMagnesium Report 863 973 863 30 250 犛犆犐犈犐 35 64 34 1 14

5 5 1 ( 40%),,, F 15 F 22 F 117, B1 B1B, 50, :, ;, ;, ;, ( ), 3C, 95% (TiO 2 ), 5% (TiO 2 ) (

74 ) ( ),, ( ), 2004,,,,, 2004, 2004 5 2 50, ( ) 4,,,,, Timet ( ) RTI ( ) ATI (AleghenyTeledyne) 90% Timet,,,,, Timet,2003 3 85,2004 8 RTI,, 2003 1 48 ATI,, ATI,

5 75,, 9 11,2002~2004, 10,,1990, 30000t/a,2003 20000t, 2004 8000t,, : ( 18000t/a) ( 12000t/a), 30000t/a ( 19000~26000t), ( 6000~10000t) ( 3000~10000t),, 2004, 26233t, 2003 41%, 2005 30000t, 10, 11000~14000t/a,, 2009 30000t 2004 26%, 17387t,,2004, (VSMPO) 15000~16000t,,VSMPO ATI (Uniti) (Avisma), VSMPO 70%, VSMPO 2004, 25000t,,,, 90%, 80%,, ( ), 1/5, 1/2,,

76, ( ), TiO 2 TiCl 4,, (MgCl 2 ), Mg Cl 2,,, 50, 80 90,TiCl 4,, 90, TiO 2, FFC,, TiO 2 TiCl 4,,,,FFC, 15~20,, 1 2 TiCl 4 3 MgCl 2, Mg Cl 2 4, 0 9t/t ( ), 2500kW h/t, ArmstrongProces TiCl 4 Na,,, 120kg, 1/10 5 3 5 1 5 1,2004 5 3 1 2004, : ( ), 2004 4809t, 2003 700t, 17% 5~7 5 1 5 2

5 77 5 1 ; 5 1 5 ( :t) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2004 /2003 1751 2313 3008 3089 3393 ( ) 154 155 320 1023 1416 1905 2468 3328 4112 4809 17% 5 2 7 2001, 2000 7 ;2001, 5000t ( );2002 9 ;2004 10 1,,2004 300t 2005 6000t, 3500t/a,, 2003,,2004 11, 10

78, 2 56m, 8 Ⅰ 2005 2000, 2006, 5000t/a 2004, 400t 2004, 8000t,, 2000~2004 5,, 1,,,,,,, 2, ( ), 3 2001~2003,, ( ), 9 11,,, A380 777 200LR 787,,, 2004, 1~2,,,, 2004, ( ), 5000t/a 5 3 2 2004, 9292t, 2003 2212t, 31 3%,, 3846t, 41 4% 4 ( ), 3208t, 34 5%, 24 1% 4, 5 2 5 3,

5 79 5 2 ( :t) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2020 1355 2847 3846 860 420 1000 1800 455 287 642 673 315 111 324 294 230 123 826 760 265 83 270 354 172 404 140 146 130 350 725 85 200 575 3103 940 169 4720 5482 7080 9292 5 3 1998~2004 4, 4 2001,,, 2004, 60 15t ( 12 5t), 22000t/a, 15000t/a,,,,

80 2004, 4, 798 5 3 5 3 2004 /t /t 690 90 15 3 798 5 3 3 2004, 1838 7t, 57 5t, 1781 2t, 2003 2751t 970t,, 2004, 4197 4t, 1309 8t, 2887 6t 2003,, 5 4 5 4 2003 2004 /t /t /t 2003 3787 1108 2679 2004 4197 1310 2887 10 8% 18 2% 7 8% 4000t, 5507t, 11590, 2004 5 5 5 5 2004 /t / /t / /t 1838 7 1064 9 57 5 45 0 1781 2 1095 9 1054 9 613 0 512 8 482 9 57 7 23 1 159 8 79 1-102 1 701 5 884 9 348 9 586 1 352 6 106 1 285 1 51 8 107 6 54 3 0 8mm 855 9 904 1 45 2 178 7 810 7 0 8mm 885 9 1030 6 268 8 532 2 617 2 1474 9 3437 4 170 7 531 1 1304 2 173 1 1455 6 424 4 1577 2-251 3 4197 4 7997 4 1309 8 3512 9 2887 6,2004, 1 5000t ( 4809t)

5 81 2 9000t ( 9292t) 3 4000t ( 4197t) 4 10000t ( 12179t) 5 14000t 6, 8 ~10,,, ( ) 1 2, 12000t 14000t, 5000t,, 2001,,,, 5 4, GDP 8%, ( + ) 12000, 2004,, ( ) 44%, ( ) 12%, 16%, 19%,,, 2004, 17387t, 8593t, 49 3%, 8814t, 50 7% 2004 5 6 5 6 2004 ( :t) 12179 8573 9292 17387 ( ) 1010 8814 5 4 (4500t/a) (8600t/a),, ;, ; ;

82 5 4 7 ;,,, (2010 ) 25000t, 25000t, 30000t/a,, ;,, 2004, 8000~10000t 20000t, 2005 5 5, 5 5 1, 1~2 (1 1 ),,, (1), (2), ; ( ),,

5 83 (3), TiO 2 92%, (4),,, (5),, (6),,,, (7),,,,, 5 5 2 (1) 3~5 2 5~3 03t/a,, (2) 1, 2 3 4 5, 6 ( 350mm ) 7 (3t ) 8 1 (2004),, :,2004,144~159 2 2005,22 (2):4~7

84 1940 1 2 1 80

6 6 1 (,, ),,,,,,,, (2004) [1], 2 6 2 6 2 1 2 3 4,,, 10, ( 6 1),20 70, ; 80,, ; 90,, ( ) ( ), 21,, 2,

86, ( ),2003 2004 90 8% 93 1%, 9 2% 6 9%,,, 6 1 ( :%) APT ( ) 1923~1949 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1950~1975 98 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1980 89 7 9 8 0 2 0 3 1985 62 4 35 6 1 2 0 8 1990 37 9 58 0 2 0 2 1 1995 0 6 88 6 5 6 5 2 2000 0 0 80 0 13 4 6 6 2003 0 0 72 5 16 5 11 0 2004 0 0 63 8 22 3 13 9 6 2 2 2 5~10 2003~2004,, 20 15000t/a 20000t/a ( ), 15000t/a, 50%, 40%,, (42000t,2003 ) 14% ~15%, (150000t,2003 ) 4%, (2400t,2004 ) 70% ~75% (34000t,2001 ) 2% ~3% 35000~36000t/a, 50% ~ 55%, 8%~10% 2,, ( ) 20 5000t/a 2003~2004 9500~ 10000t/a,, 5000t/a, 4000t/a, 1000t 2003, 2570t 15%~16%, 148 ( 580t), )75t, 660t, 230t, 700t, 320t 2003, 2500t, 40 ( 80t), 838t, 150t, 982t, 80t, 60t,

6 87 100t, ( ) 330t ( ) 800t/a,, ( ),, TaC, 2,, 6 2 3 11~13,,,, 10000μF V/g, 1 5 10 5 μf V/g, 2 10 5 μf V/g, J P D DP W, 5 10 3 ~1 10 6 μf V/g, 1 10 5 ~ 1 2 10 5 μf V/g,, 4 10 3 μf V/g ( 20 60 ), 0 5g, 2 10 4 ~3 10 4 μf V/g (20 80 ), 0 077~0 180g, 7 10 4 μf V/g (21 ), 0 065g, 32, 0 250g,, 0 250~0 170mm, 0 065mm, 320~1680MPa,, 20 90, Y, 52mm 10~15kg, 50%~89% 70mm 30mm, 80%, 6 2 4 5, 2003~2004 NbTi Nb 3Sn,,

88 150t/a NbTi 50t/a NbTi 300t/a NbTi 100t/a 100t/a Nb 3Sn 2004,,, 5t 1600t 200,, : ;1 5 10 5 μf V/g ; 0 065mm ; ; ;, ( ) 800t, ;K 2TaF 7 2000t, 50%,,, 6 2 5 14~17,,, ( ),, 100mg/kg, 99 99%,, O C, 1994 0 2000% 0 0300% 2000 0 1600% 0 0020% 42 113 836mg/kg, O C 50mg/kg 8mg/kg 173 791mg/kg ( 42 ),,O C 34mg/kg 11mg/kg,2003~2004, 400mm ( ) 0 2mm ( ) L ( )mm,200mm ( ) 2mm ( ) 2000mm ( ),200mm ( ) 0 4mm ( ) 400mm ( ) 93W NiFe, 50 1000mm 31 610mm Mo 3Nb 0 065mm,

6 89 6 2 6 2 18~20,,,,, Ta Nb, W Mo 2600,,, (PIM), W Mo Ta, (MST),, (MEMS) MST 2005 680, MEMS MST 5μm Al 2O 3, Si, (SPS), SPS W Mo, SPS,,, 6 2 7 4 5 6 10, (1),,2000~2004 25000~30000t/a,, 2003 2570t,, 2003 148,2004 180,,

90 (2), 2002 2003 2004, 15 49 13 96 14 73, 15 77,14 29 15 07, 15 01,15 08 15 52,2005,, 70%~80% 2004 25%, 2/3 30%~40% 2003 2500t (3) 2000, 10, 2267t 2000 1315t 2002 1996t, 60%~65%, 2003 7674, 2 5% ( 191 8 ), 12 7% (19 62 ),, 9% ~ 10%, (4),, 2%~3% ( Nb Zr ),, NbTi Nb 3Sn, 6 3,,,, 6 3 1 (1),, 20 90, 60%,,2000, 50 7%,

6 91, 30 8%, (2) 2003, APT 13, 6, 3 56, 2 09, 50% ~ 70% (3), 2, ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ),,,,,,, (4),,,, 6 3 2 (1),,,, ( 2010 ), (2004) [1],,,,, (2),,,,,,,,,,

92 (3),,,,,, ; ( );, ; ;, ( ),,,, 6 4, :,,,,,,, 1, (2004) :,2004 182~194 2,, :,2000 18,104 3 2005,20 (1):13~17 4, 2005,29 (2):1~7 5 2005,24 (6):1~5 6 2005,24 (2):13~14 7 2004,19 (5):18~22 8 2004,19 (5):23~32 9 2004,19 (6):1~4 10 2004,28 (5):11~14 11 2004,24 (5):12 12 2005,24 (1):12 13 2002,17 (4):11 14 2004,23 (2):3 15 2005,(1):10~11 16 2004,23 (10):42

6 93 17 2004,23 (1):36 18 Zauner R,Korb G Micro powderinjection moldingfor microstructored components In:Kneringer G e d Proceedingof16 th Inter PlanseeSeminar (Ⅱ ) Austria:2005,May30 June3 RWF,Werbegeselschaft m b H,Watens,Tyrol,Austria 2005 59~68 19 MerzL,RathS,ZeepB Powderinjectionmoldingofcementedcarbidesfortheproductionofmicropartsand microstructuredparts In:KneringerGed Proceedingsof16 th InterPlanseeSeminar (Ⅱ) Austria:2005 May 30 June3 RWF,Werbegeselschaftm b H,Watens,Tyrol,Austria 2005 549~557 20 ZhangJ,Song X,Liu D Sparkplasmasinteringandapplicationonadvanced materials In:KneringerG e d Proceedingsof16 th Inter PlanseeSeminar (Ⅱ ) Austria:2005 May30 June3 RWF,Werbegeselschaft m b H,Watens,Tyrol,Austria 2005 97~107 1936 1962 1979~1982 1982 犐狀狋犲狉 犑 狅犳犚犲犳狉犪犮狋狅狉狔犕犲狋犪犾狊牔犎犪狉犱犕犪狋犲狉犻犪犾狊

7 7 1,,, 60%~80%, : ( ) 20 20, :Mn Zn,BaTiO 3,PZT,PLZT,NdFeB,YBCO,PMN PT,, ( ),,, (1), (MLCC), (SMT),80%~90%, MLCC 0402, MLCC, (2) (PZT),,,

7 95 (3),, (GPS) (WLAN) (4),, (HTCC LTCC), (5) BaTiO 3,SrTiO 3,MgTiO 3,SiC,ZnO,Bi 2O 3,SnO 2,MgCr 2O 4 (6),, (7) (SAW), La 3Ga 5SiO 14 (LGS), PMN PT PZN PT, (8),, Ramtron 32 MB (FeRAM), ; 64 MB FeRAM Raytheon 240 320, MEMS,,,, (9),, :PLZT ITO ATO (SOFC ),,

96,,,,,,,, 15%, 1 ( 7 1), 2010, 800 ; 5%, 2010 300, 7 1 1999 2005 2000 1999 2005 2000 / 567 54 (1999) 2086 19 / 7 35 (1999) 12 94 / 390 (2000) 530 /t 600 (2000) 1000 / 1 4 (2000) 5 5 /t 1700 (2000) 2000 / 13 5 (2000) 20 / 7 (2000) 13 5~16 4 / 566 (2000) 2300 / 25 (2000) 36 /kt 237 (2000) 314,,,,,, 7 2 7 2 1 2004, 9500, 7 5%, 5650 3850 2004, 4 9000, 50 /,

7 97 6, ; 1, ; 2, ; 2000, 34%,,,,2004 2 3, 1 4 2005 2 6, 13%, 1 6,,PC DVD Primark,, 10 1, 50 1, 100 1,,,2005 3000 (20000 ), 15%, 10%, 1500 ~1800 (14000 ) 2005 3000 (5000 ), 18%~20%, 8% ~10%; 1600 (1600 ), 60%~70%,, 3 4, 5%~8% : 45%, 20%, 70%, 10%,, : ; (SMT),,,, ; (HIC) ; (2006~2010 ), 3G,2005~2006

98 3G,2009 3G 2 3 3G, PC,, 7 2 2, 10, 400t, 120t, 350t, 220t, 500t 60%,, 7 2 2 1,,,, Motorola DuPont AMP Molex Vishay Kemet Holeywel ;, 60%, : (Murata) TDK TaiyoYuden NEC (Mat sushita),, MLCC,Murata MLCC 140 ~160, 26%,, TDK 110 ~112, Kyocera/Avx Samsung, 10 ( 50 ) MLCC Y5V X7R X8R X9R, (Pb) (Cd) (100~200nm ) ; 1~5μm, 0402 MLCC, 0201 ; ;Murata TDK 1μm 100 MLCC; 0 3~0 6μm 100μF MLCC MLCC 1200t, 7200, 1800t TDK MLCC 800t, 3000t, 2000 (X7R) (Y5V) (2F4), :, ; ;,

7 99, MLCC, /, 2004,,MLCC, 2004 1~4, 2003, 40 8%,,1005 1608 0603 0402 DSC 2004 ( 7 2 7 3 ),,2004,,, 7 2 2004 ( 3 31 ) 2003 2004 / /% / /% /% 148299 37 7 144191 34 9-4108 -2 8 13909 3 5 13352 3 2-577 -4 0 76797 19 5 74926 18 2-1871 -2 4 50044 12 7 62910 15 2 12866 +25 7 54187 13 8 60159 14 6 5972 11 0 50389 12 8 57314 13 9 6925 13 7 393625 100 412852 100 19207 4 9 : : : : SAW :,, : EMI, 40%,2004 MLCC R Chip 500 ( 50 ), 2000, 12 7, 20 80%; 3400, 3 08%; 2461, 4 96% MLCC MLCC (FG301,FG351)

100 7 3 2004 ( 3 1 ) 2003 2004 / /% / /% /% 51095 13 0 40092 9 7-11003 -21 5 55947 14 2 62294 15 1 6347 11 3 149421 38 9 162438 39 2 13017 8 7 256463 65 2 264824 64 1 8361 3 3 137162 34 8 148028 35 9 10866 7 9 393625 100 412852 100 19227 4 9 :, ;, / 7 4 2004 / /% / 469548116 86 36 81 111349790 78 49 06 123573073 53 9 69 12062491 58 5 31 113101336 43 8 87 19842101 23 8 74 107729811 94 8 45 19212015 87 8 46 96958786 03 7 60 15678314 27 6 91 59237433 77 4 64 12261162 58 5 40 53318512 74 4 18 5636405 84 2 48 45233292 90 3 55 5095707 14 2 25 206876740 15 16 22 25835873 18 11 38 1275577104 35 100 226973862 45 100 /% 600 600 10 7 4, ( ), 0402 0201,,2004 1500, ; IC 3 ; 12 ; 2001, 4000t 5 ~6,,, ; X7R Y5V 863,

7 101 01 03 04 05 1000t Y5V X7R 500t, 7 2 2 2 1/3,, ( ) ; ;, ; ; HDD ;,,, 7 5 7 5 NEC Tokin,TDK NEC Tokin,TDK,Murata NEC Tokin NEC Tokin NEC Tokin NEC Tokin TDK,Murata TDK TDK TDK TDK,Murata Murata Murata 999 10, 50~ 60 20, SMD 1, 5 20 : ;,,,, 2000, 6000, CR CW (2 5mm 2 0mm 1 2mm) 2001, SMD 50% 7 6 7 7 3 SMD

102 7 6 2001~2003 ( : ) 2001 2002 2003 /% 20145 30363 28213 18 30 13633 20984 25003 35 43 3788 6230 22063 141 34 4050 11935 194 69 2150 1564 2955 31 47 7 7 2000~2002 SMD ( : ) 2000 2001 2002 /% 1226 1731 41 2 457 1184 3504 176 9 1500 2000 33 3 7 8 7 9 3 SMD 2001 AV, 72 7%, 13 1%, 6 1%, SAW IC :, SMD ;, 7 8 2001~2003 ( : ) 2001 2002 2003 /% 4644 4550 16183 86 7 8310 10427 15527 36 7 20867 18740 15422-14 1600 2245 2610 27 7 4721 4809 3976-8 2 7139 7520 5305-13 8 1675 4292 3729 49 2 7 9 2000~2002 SMD ( : ) 2000 2001 2002 /% 2296 3935 71 44 457 1184 3505 176 9 1200 1500 25,PLZT PMN PT PZN PT, 7 2 2 3

7 103, 2002 Chimera :2001 ( 76 5%) (18 3%) GPS (4 3%) :,,, Murata EPCOS Trans Tech Narda Frequency West 300 MHz~40GHz, 10 : ( 100 150), GPS, ( ),, LTCC, 1 2000, 800 MHz~ 2 7GHz 350, 500, ; 2002, LTCC GPS GPS OEM ;2003, GPS,, 7 2 2 4, Vishay EPCOS Murata TDK Shibaura SEMI TEC BETA KETEMA TDK HDK, 60%~80%,,, :,EPCOS PTC, 10 NTC,9 PTC, Thinking 0402 NTC,Uppermost 2001 0805 0603 NTC,Walsin PTC PTC

104,,,, Walsin Uppermost, PTC (2 2Ω), PTC ( 5 ) ( 0402 0201) PPTC NTC PTC, PPTC, Paumanok, 2001~2003,,2005 22 9, 2008 21 6 7 10 (Paumanok, 2004 ) 7 10 2003~2008 ( : ) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 10 98 11 45 12 96 12 52 12 02 11 45 PTC 2 55 2 69 2 9 3 0 3 11 3 22 PTC 3 11 3 08 3 1 2 77 2 82 2 78 NTC 3 45 3 78 3 94 3 9 4 0 4 1 PTC 40,, 3, PTCR 1 NTCR 10,, NTC,,, NTC, NTC, 2004 NTC 30%,, NTC 2005, PTC MZ23 PTC PTC, 50 SMD, 1206 0805 0603 SMD (PTC) SMD (NTC)

7 105,,SMD (PTC) 25 680Ω~22kΩ, -55~ 125, SMD (NTC) 25 220Ω~100kΩ,B ±2%, -55~125 2 0402~0805 NTC 7 11 2005,2005 8 2 ~10, ( ) 12 6 ~16,2005 20 7 11 2005 ( : ) 2005 2005,,CCD, 2 0~2 5 3~4 ZnO,SrTiO3,ZnO 3 5~4 0 5~6 NTCR,PTCR,PN 2 0~2 5,, / / 0 4~0 6, (,,,,, ),,, 0 4~0 6,,CO,H2S,NH3,SO2,Cl2,NO, NO2 ;,,,CO2 0 15~0 2, 0 08~0 1, 3~4 1 0~1 2 1 0~1 2 0 3~0 4 0 15~0 2 7 2 2 5 Vishay, 3 ~3 5, WIT, 2 26 Litelfuse 22% EPCOS 20%, 1998, (SrTiO 3 ), 2005 105 ;,2005 8,, ZnO, 2, 3 : SrTiO 3,,,, 10~15,

106, 2005 2 6, 30, SMT Paumanok,, 15%, 11% 2005 119 EIA 1206 0805 0603,Litelfuse BC Components AVX 0402 5 6V 9V 14V 18V, 50mJ, 90pF (18 V ) 360pF (5 56 V ) AVX Litelfuse AVX MultiGuard ( ), 0612, 0508, 5 6V 9V 14V 18 V, 0 1J AVX TransFeed, TransGuard Feedthru /, 0805, EPCOS T4N A230XFV, 863, 0402~2220, 2, 1000 12 0402, ZnO,2004 7 12,, 35kV, 7 12 2004 ZnO / / / / 10kV 198120 1981 35~69kV 22198 3329 110kV 14086 8451 220kV 4981 5479 330kV 341 920 500kV 913 5292 2003 1646, 13 85%, 1632 6, 15 38%, 868 2, 5 9%,, 2003 1638 73, 14%, 7 13 3,

7 107,, 77 3% 7 13 2003 ( ) /% ( ) /% ( ) /% 16459824 13 85 16325994 15 38 8681789 5 90 16387305 14 04 16255344 15 61 8646755 6 01 67807 1-8 46 66164 6-10 68 35034-13 77 37264 3 57 18 35722 6 50 67 11621 7 55 24 32273 8 50 53 29552 4 37 83 7815 5-20 31 2001, 33 27%, 7 14,,,,,, 7 14 ( : ) 2001 1~6 2002 1~6 2003 1~6 2004 1~6 25076 10935 33050 14325 41115 16343 56105 22634 14141 18725 24772 33471 2003 2003 37264, 57 18%; 32274, 50 53%, PPTC, NTC, 20%~30%, 5%~10% 2003, R Chip 5, YAGEO (28%) ROHM (17%) MATSUSHITA (13%) KAO (11%) VISHAY (7%) YAGEO ( ) MLCC ( ) 120,

108 35% 40%,,MLCC10 ~20, MLCC,2004,MLCC 12% ~17%,R chip 10% ~ 15% 3 20%~25% 30,, ( 100 ) (6 ) (4 ) 0805 0603 0402 0201 0805 ;0603 ;0402, ;0201, 7 2 2 6 (EPCOS) (SAWTEK) (Murata), SAW (900MHz~4GHz) 70, α SiO 2 ( ) 1700~2000t, ;LiNbO 3 LiTaO 3 20~30t,, 50t, 1 5 :1 ;2,, IC ACT GaAs AlN ZnO 7 2 2 7,,2003 37, 10%,,TDK ;,, 400, 15%~20%, 2005 15, 1/3 2000 50, 7%, 2/3

7 109, 42%, 24%,, 60 2000 1 75, 22 4%,, 9540t, 15%~20%,2000 15, 6400t; 6600t, ; 3200t, 6 7%, 400t,,, 90%, 2004,,, (2004 25 2 ) (4 89 ) (2 39 ), 20%~50% 21,,, :1 ;2, : MEMS IC ;3,,, 7 3 7 3 1, 1 1 1 2, 2005 : 15, 6, 8000~10000t, 1000t, 2000~3000t;, 5300 ; 2200t, 30t,

110 15t 7 15, 7 16 7 15 (2001 )/t (2005 )/t 2000 5000 2000 3500 MLCC 600 3000 10 30 500 1000 10 10 4 15 10 4 4 10 4 6 10 4 3800 8000~10000 160 1000 400 2000~3000 1700 2200 10 30 3 15 7 16 2005 / /% 3837 5 22 2000 22 1500 20 200 15 80 85 25 20 20 51 2005 / /% 6 64 5 27 1 5 71 10 19 3 10 35 4 5 27 7 3 2 2003, 5039, 602, 47 55%; 2695 ( 2033 457 205 ), 2944 ( 342, 1998, 85, 519 ) 132, 1 3%, 36 9% 2005 18,, 34,,

7 111,,,,,,,,, (1) 7 1 10 2004,,,, 2004, 736 39, 150 76, 25 74% 10 18 88%, 14 71% 7 1 10 ( ); ( ) (2) 2004, 31 9, 6 16%, 77 86% 7 17 2004,,,

112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7 17 2004 / ( )/% / TDK,,,, 28012 25 14 276488 7 22 11 NEC, 21330 32 47 176543 10 30 23 ( ), ( ),,, 15844 38 71 143347 14 14 21, 15517, 39 29 165322 12 20 12,,, 14486-25 89 252140 8 5 7,,,,,IC 14393,, -32 93 473336 1 1 1 13229 1 96 145340 13 39 32,, 11845 28 00 142335 15 7 10 11623 52 29 125877 17 10 18 FBT,, 9909 10 09 171647 11 3 15 80%,, 90% 1999, 1 9, 30% 33, (3) 7 18 18 (2004 ), 17, 17 2 16 3, 4 : 26, 21, 18,

7 113 7 18 18 (2004 ) /% /% /% /% 26 26 174 76 23 73 12 48 20 92 192 37 24 91 21 21 120 65 16 38 11 17 18 73 116 17 15 04 18 18 188 25 25 56 14 77 24 76 184 39 23 87 8 8 82 64 11 22 5 47 9 17 65 37 8 46 6 6 33 68 4 57 2 13 3 57 39 81 5 15 4 4 84 59 11 49 9 17 15 37 86 01 11 14 10 17 17 51 82 7 04 4 46 7 48 88 2 11 42 100 100 736 39 100 59 65 772 32 100 8, 3 65 68% 64 41% 65 25%, 20,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20% (4) 7 19 2004, PCB 14,2004 62 9 TDK ( 12, 16 5 ), ( 16,12 6 ) ( 38,3 6 ) ( 48,3 2 ) ( 76,1 4 ),2004 12 7, 20 80%; 600 600 10 ( ) 1000, 40%; 80, 3 MLCC,

114 7 19 2004 / / / 1 14 1742108 143287 25 1858026 93061 2 13 2349103 13111 3 2405871 28090 3 13 758688 88489 887150 46867 4 14 629003 49222 599459 20853 5 8 500764 52181 2 427849 30386 6 8 443365 41548 58 633575 26187 7 7 282276 31631 236629 16054 8 5 169790 12144 65 124822 6246 9 4 149829 12929 9 141638 8019 10 4 142915 13246 198204 6914 11 4 88280 11744 84 103117 4092 12 5 78922 8692 82237 5713 13 1 28860 314 24655 930 100 7363903 596541 72 7723232 293412 (715 ), 16 PTC 7 4 7 4 1,,, 400 ; 180 ;,,, :

7 115,,,,,,,,,,, 7 4 2 Paumanok,2004 MLCC 7300, / MP3 DVD,MLCC 0402, 0201,, SMD R/L/C / PPTCR 7 4 3 R/L/C, 90% 0201,, / LTCC PCB MCM /, LTCC, L C LTCC ; LTCC

116 LC, ( ), 3 2mm 1 6mm 1 2mm, 0 02g, 2 5G WCDMA3G, 20m LTCC,, NiZnCu MnZn Li,LTCF LTCC,,, NiZn, 1200~1300, MnZn 1300~1450,,LTCF Ag ( 850~900 ) :1 ;2 ;3 ;4LTCF,, ;,, 7 4 4 2006 7 (RoHS) ( ),,,2005,, ; 2004 ; ; ; ISO14001, 80% ; RoHS WEEE,,,,2004 KPE 243,,

7 117,,Qm d 33, SrBi 2Nb 2O 9 (Murata)Nb Bi, (Na 1/2Bi 1/2 )TiO 3, (Na,K)NbO 3,, 36, Murata,TDK,Toshiba,Kyocera, NGK,Toyota,NEC,,, : d 33,,,, (5~2μm ) 7 5 (1),,,Murata Caddock TDK IR Intel,, WTO,,,,,,,,,,,,, (2),,,

118,,,,, :1 ;2 ;3 ;4 LTCC LTCF ;5 ;6 (3) DMEGC, 1 :,2000 2 2001 3, 3 (2004) :,2004 4, :,2005 5 2004 2005, 5,6 6 2005 6 7 2005 3 8 2005 3 1984 1987 1991 1998 1996~1999 犅犪狔狉犲狌狋犺 犚犕犐犜犝狀犻狏犲狉狊犻狋狔 863 973 170 3 1 犐犈犈犈 犛犲狀狊狅狉犔犲狋狋犲狉狊 1965 1979~1981 30 160 10 6 863 犐犈犈犈

8 8 1, 22%, 11%, 2 4%, 1 2%,, 2030,, CO 2, CO,NO x,,, 2004 12,,,,,, 20%~40% ;,, ;,, 30% ~70%,, ;, CO NO x HC ;,,, ;

120 ; ;,,,,,, ;,, ;,, ;,,, 8 2 8 2 1 ( ),, ( ), 1000, 30%~70%,,,, 8 2 2 ( ),,, 45% 8 1 8 1 45% 30% 1300 1100 (1000m 3 /h) 36 150 1300 10 1100 1 (10% )

8 121 (SiC) (Si 3N 4 ),, 2 5, 5, 15,, Carborundum Hex oloy 100 70% HNO 3, 100 45% KOH 0 2mg/(cm 2 a), Carborundum Kyocera, 8 2 3 SiC, :,,, 8 2 ;,, 8 2 / /(g/cm 3 ) 0 70~0 85 0 95~1 05 1 70~1 95 /( 10-6 / ) 1 80~2 5 4 4~5 2 5 8~6 5 /(W/m K) 1 1 1 0 1 0 / 1350 1600 1650 /MPa >34 6 >42 3 >36 8, 200~600, 0 5~2 0mm, 1300, 5, 4~5, 1/3,,,,, ( )

122 8 2 4 2001,, 20%~ 40%, 15%, 40%,NO x 100 10-6, 150, ; ; ; ; 8 3 8 3 1 (SiC) 70, 33%,50%,, (RSiC), (RBSiC), (SSiC), (HPSiC), (CVD SiC,PVD SiC),, Sialon (SSSiC) (LPSSiC),,, 8 3 2 SiC Saint GobainStructuralCeramics ( Carborundum, Saint Gobain ),Ceradyne (, ESK ),Coorstech ( ),Penn UnitedTechnology ( ),Morgan AdvancedCeramics ( ),Kyocera ( ),NGK ( ) Toshiba ( )

8 123 8 3 8 3 SiC SiC SiC SiC d/(g/cm 3 ) 3 10 3 12~3 15 3 18 2 65 /MPa >400 400 550 100(1400 ) K ⅠC /MPa 1/2 4 3 5~4 0 6 9 HV0 1 2800 2700 Si /% <10 0 0 <0 1 Saint Gobain,SA ESK ESK EkaSiC EkaSiCFCoorstekSC 30 CoorstekSC 30 T, SiC (SSiC) 20 80 1000~1100t, SiC ( ) SSiC, LCD Toshiba SSiC SSiC 1 2 ( ) 1 0, Ceradyne 90% ; 0 7 ~0 8,Saint GobainStructuralCeramics 95%, JohnCrane SSiC SSiC 1 5 ~2 0, SiC, SiC Saint GobainStructuralCeramics SP, 4%~6%,, SiC, SP SiC 10 ESK Ekasic P ESK EKasicG Coorstek SC 35 8 3 3 SiC, SiC, SiC,,, SiC SiC 20 80,

124 40, SiC,, FCT SiC, SiC,,,,, 200t SiC, 12, 6000 ~ 7000 SiC,,, SiC SiC,, SiC, 20 80, SiC Norton,Anawork,HIK SiC, 90, SiC,,,,,, 250t 200t, 4000 20% SiC,,, 8 4 8 4 1,,, 1600, 20~30

8 125 1380, 800~900, 1000~1380 10~20,,,,,,,,, 1%,, 8 4 2 Novaref Sirma 5~6, 2~3, 3~4, 300 ~400 /, 50mm,, ( ), ; ( 0 05%), ( ±0 2mm ) 2~3, 4~5, ( ), 8 4 3 20,, 7,,, 400 ~500,

126 GF (1350 ) 70MPa, 1850, 1600, 4%~6%,, 150,,,,,,, ( 1380~1400 ), 1230,, : ( );, ; 8 4 4,,,,,,, 8 5 8 5 1,, 10%~14%, (840 ),, 20 70, 250, 16, 8 4 /(lm/w) 7~20 40~60 40~60 60~90 100~150

8 127 8 4, ( ) ( ),,, 20 40, 1300 1959 GE Al 2O 3, Al 2O 3, 8 5 2, GE, ; Philips NGK,,,, Al 2O 3 96% ~97%, 20 60, 110lm/W; 70, 130lm/W ; 150lm/W, 20 90,, 900 1000, 80% 90%, Al 2O 3 (1200 ), Al 2O 3,, (250W 400W) 8 5 3 20 70,, 3 5 ( ) 772,, 200 ~300 /, 100,, ; 772,, 30,,,, 70,

128,,, 6,2004 600,, 95% 8~10,, Al 2O 3,,,,, α Al 2O 3, 8 6 8 6 1,, 20, 10, CO NO x 85% 40% GDP 5%, 8 6 2,, 20 70,3M Ford, (Corning) (2MgO 2Al 2O 3 5SiO 2 ),,, Al 2O 3, NGK 50% NGK 40%, 300 /,

8 129, α, α 2 6 10-6 / 1 0 10-6 /, 450 800,, 20 70 200~300 80 400~600, 1200, 400~600, 0 15~0 10mm 2003, 20 70 15, 30 8 6 3 20 80,,,, ( ) 1999, 7700 ( ),2000, 700 600 ~ 800 /, 2008 :,,,2002 2, 2007 ( 2005 ) 3 (CO2 3g/km,HC0 2g/km,NO x0 15g/km) 8 7,,,, (1),,

130 (2),, (3),,,, (4),,, 8 8 (1), (2),, (3),,, (4),, 1 C L Grahl AdvancedCeramicsMarketsExperienceRecovery CeramicsIndustry 2004,27~28 2 GlobalNews Amer Cera Soc Bul,2004,83 (10):3 3 A Sonntag,etal New RolersforAdvancedFiringApplications CeramicsIndustry,2004 29 4,2004,12 (1):42~48 5 2004,(11):3~10 6 2001,38 (6):23~30 7 Carbourundum,htp://www hexoloy com 8,2004,(12):5~9 9,, 2001,22 (2):42~75

8 131 10 2001,34 (2):22~23 11,,2003,39 (6):46~48 12,,2000,(3):45~50 13,,2005,54 (3):292~295 14,2002,36 (4):235~239 1936 犜犻犆犖 犅犖

9 9 1,,,,,,, 20 80, 1982,,,,,,,, 2003 7 1 0 8 170,,, 9 2 9 2 1 9 2 1 1 1958,,

9 133,, 125t 1990,, 5000t/a 60000t/a 2004 :, 65 25, 41 2 66 67%, 15% 2004 7 97,,,, 33 8% 24 2% 2004 6, 17 5, 41 2, 2004, 32, 50 7, 60%, 2004 6000, 90% 2004 42 64, 6 39 9 2 1 2 (1) 2004, 32, 41 2, 20 6 / ( ), 200 2 7, 74 / ( ), 10 9 ;, 6, 0 2, 1 6, 3 ;,, 1000, 1/4 (2),, :, ;,, 4000,,2003 4 5kg, 3 5kg, 0 36kg

134 9 2 1 3,,, (1),,,, 4000, 1/10 (2),,, ;,,,,,,, (3),, 9 2 2 9 2 2 1 2004 77469 75 ( ) 24 75%, 9 1 9 2, 9 1 2004 ( )

9 135 9 2 2004 ( ) 1 SBS/APP ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8, SBS/APP 2004,, (1) 2003 12 20 [2003]227 2004 3 18 218,,,,,SBS/APP 46 7%; 16 7%, ; 28 0%,, 1 2mm, (2) SBS/APPⅡ,2004,, 1400, (3) SBS/APP 1,,,,2004 50%, 2004 83 3%

136 (4)2004, 46 24%, 2003 11 4, 2003 64 6% 53 76%, (5) 2004 10, (6) 10,,,, : 1994, 2004,2004 500, 40% 2004 8 18, 1000,,,, : SARNA 1998, 1400, PVC, 1000, 2004 10 15 Sarnafil PVC, PVC, PVC ;, 9 2 2 2 (1), (2),, (3),,,,,,,,, (4), ;, ;, (5),

9 137 10 10, 5, 9 2 2 3 9 3, 1, 20 90, 9 4, 9 3 ; ; ; 9 4

138, ( ), 2005 2010 2005 2010 9 1 9 1 2005 2010 2005 /% /% 2010 / /% SBS/APP 18 1 20 97 24000 32 65 14 3 12 90 13000 17 69 3 7 13 39 14000 19 05 25 0 2 42 4000 5 44 27 3 2 26 4500 6 12 50 0 2 90 5000 6 80 54 84 64500 87 76-10 5 9 68 4000 5 44-12 0 35 48 5000 6 80 0 8 100 73500 100 00 9 2 3 9 2 3 1 2004 WTO,,, 273 :2004 32 6 67%, 11 72%; 100 53 ; 93 ; 9 31, 43 45%; 17 02, 27 4% 3000, 800,, 2004,, WTO (1) 1 GF ( ) 2004 65 25 5 90%,,

9 139 2 2004 87, (82 ) 6% 1998~2004 UPR 9 5,2004 UPR FRP 9 6,2004 UPR FRP 9 7 9 5 1998~2004 UPR ; 9 6 2004 UPR FRP 9 7 2004 UPR FRP,2004 30, 26, 6 12, 4,

140 (2)FRP 21, (FRTP), (FR SP) 1997~2004 FRP 9 8,1997~2004 FRP 9 9, FRP 9 10 9 8 1997~2004 FRP 9 9 1997~2004 FRP 9 10 FRP 1 FRSP,, 15%~20%,2004 20,,

9 141 18 SMC SMC,, 43,,,, 60 3 6 RTM SMC, SMC,,,,,, 300 ; 2005,, 30,,, 3 1m, 400km,,,, 2500mm 800~1400mm 3 : 236m;DN2500 69m;,,, 6,2004 1600km

142, 6000km, 2000m 3 2 FRTP PA PP PET PBT GMT GMT, 3000t/a TPAC ( ) (3)CCL ( ) CCL 2004 CCL 15 9 2 3 2 2005, SMC BMC,, 863,,,,,,,,,,, 9 2 3 3,,, 1,, 2 ( FRSP), 3, 4,

9 143 5,, 6,,, 7, 8,,, 9 2 4 9 2 4 1 (Low E) : (2~15) 10 3 nm 80%, 80%, 25% ( 84%), 70%,,,,,, Low E Low E, PPG,,, Low E :, U Low E 2, Low E, Low E,,,,,,

144,,,,, 60%, 70%,,, 34dB, ;, ;, 9 2 4 2 Low E 20 80,,, 1995, 2W/ (m 2 K), 20 80 90,, 15% 60 Low E 1978 In terpane Low E 1985 Pilkington Low E 1998,,, (CVD) (Low E), CVD,, 5, 450T/D, 2004 60,, 1813 24, 1516 91 9 2

9 145 9 2 /% /% /% /% /% /% Pilkington 66 65 81 02 86 3 0 54 0 43 0 57 PPG 67 51 81 23 85 7 0 56 0 45 0 53 1 72 4 81 91 84 1 0 63 0 49 0 52 2 61 4 75 39 84 2 70 03 81 03 84 0 0 55 0 44 0 56 9 2 4 3 Low E 21,,,, Low E SUN E, 30 9 11 Low E, 50%, 60%, 30%, 25%, 9 11 30 9 2 5,,10 80,,, ;, ; WTO,,,,

146,, 9 2 5 1,,,, 130~150, 200~250, 2, 8000 ~1, 30%~40%,,, 20, ( ) 2000 ~3000, 4000,, 7200, 20%,, 9 2 5 2,, 1,, ( ), 18 928, 1/3~1/2 2,,, 3,,, 4,, ;

9 147,,, 1, 2, 3 ( ), ( ),, 4,,, 9 3,, (1),,, 7000, ( 6000 ), 2 5kg, 500kcal?, 250~300kcal/kg, 1 2t, CO 2, (2),,, 85%~90%,, 90%, 30%,,,,,? 1cal=4 1868J,

148 (3),,,, 2000 /,6000 /, 3 /, (4),,,,,, (5),,,,,,,,,,,, (6),,,,,,,,,, (7),,,, (8),,,,,, 9 3 1,,, 2020 2000,,,,

9 149,,,,,,,,,, : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 : 1 2010 65%, 15kg /m 2 ; 30%; 2 2020 75%, 10kg /m 2 ; 40%; 3 2020 30%; 4 2010 CO 2 20%,2020 35% 9 3 2,,,,,,,,, 4 1, 2

150, 3, 4 9 3 3 2020, 2000,,,, 9 3 3 1,,,, 9 3 3 2 (1), 30% 50% ~60%,, (2),, (3),, (4),, (5),, (6), 9 3 3 3 (1),, (2)

9 151 (3) (4), 9 3 3 4,,,, 2010 65% 30%, 2020 75% 40% 9 3 4, (1) 1, 2 3 (2),,,, (3),, 1 ( ), 60%~90% 1t, 5%,, 2 (4)

152, : : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 (5) 1,, 2 3 9 3 5 (1) (2), (3) ( ) (4), 1 2004 2005,2005 2 2004 2005 3 2004 2005 4 1962 1986 1986~1990 1990~1998 1999~2000 2001

10 10 1 5 :1, ;2, 180, (, Nomex Conex), 260 1000h 65%, (PPS), ;3,,, 2400 ;4, 18cN/dtex 400cN/dtex, (, Kevlar Twaron), (,DSM Dyneema Honeywel Spectra)! ( PBO) ( ),, 5,,, :1,, ;2, ( ), ;3, ( ),,,, ;,,, X

154 CT γ ;, ( ) 10 2 20 80,,,, 1996, 1997,,, 9 11,, 2004 10 2 1 20 90, 1 (PAN),, 21 Tenax 75%, 70%, 2007 80%, 50 2, Kevlar DSM Dyneema,, PBO 3,, 80, PPS, AK20Nobel Tw aron, Kevlar, Tenax, 4, ( ), 5~6,, 5,

10 155 10 2 2 20 60~80, PRD,,,,, 90,, ( ), (Kevlar) (Nomex) (PBI) ( ) ( ) ( ) PAN, For tafil (3500t/a) Tenax,, ZOLTEK ALDILA, BASF 10 2 3,,,, DSM Dyneema,,AKZONOBEL! M5 ; Kermel; Lenzing P84, ; Ac rodis, PAN ; SGL PAN,,, ; ZOLTEK PAN, ;,, SVM ARMOS Rusar,,, PAN ;,,,

156 10 2 4 20 60,40, PAN 1975,, 1980,,,,,,, (1), 3,,, (UD) (2), 500t, 10000t/a 5, (3)PAN, PAN, ; 863,, 10t/a T300, T400 500t/aPAN 200t/a,, 2005 3 5GPa 3K 6K 12K 2~3 400 t/a 1000t/aPAN 2 1000t/a 2500t/aPAN 1K 3KPAN (4), 2 500~ 1000t/a

10 157 (5) ( Ⅲ), 20t/a (6)PBO, 863 (7) 863, Kevlar, (8),,,,, 20 70, ( ), (9), 10t/a, PAN,, 100t/a, PAN, ;2006 300t/a (10) 20 70,,, (11),,, 200, 10 3 10 3 1 PAN 10 3 1 1 10 1 PAN,

158, 2007,2007, 10 1 PAN ( :t) ( ) Tenax 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 4400 4400 4400 4400 6600 Soficar 800 2600 2600 2600 2600 +1800 +1800 +1800 CFA 1800 1800 1800 3600 3600 7000 8800 8800 10600 13100 14600 1 16400 1 18200 1 Tenax 3700 3700 3700 3700 3700 Tenax 1900 1900 1900 3400 3400 TTA 700 700 5600 5600 5600 7800 7800 9800 1 3200 3200 3200 3200 5200 Grafil 1500 1500 2000 2000 2000 SGL 500 500 4700 4700 5200 5700 7700 1 9700 1 Hecxel 2000 2000 2000 2800 2800 Cytex 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 1800 2700 2700 3100 1 4000 1 10(1K) 10(1K) 10 1100 2000 200 200 200 400 ( ) 20 60 1600 1 2200 22900 24710 26330 35300 46100 Fortafil( 2005 TTA) 3500 3500 TTA2000 1300 1300 ZOLTEK SGL 1800 1900 2500 1900 2500 1900 4000 1900 4000 1900 ALDILA 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 300 300 300 300 3000 8500 9200 7700 8500 8500 8500 1 8500 1 8500 1 1 : 1K~24K, 36K~460K,1K 1000 /,, 2007~2010 100~2000t/aPAN,40~ 800t/a 7 10 3 1 2 T300, T400, 20 80,, (1), DMSO, 300t/a

10 159 5h 85% 15h 95%, 95% 22h;, 200t/a NaSCN, T300, DMSO (2) 863 T700 T800 PAN (3), T400 T600 T700, :1 ( );2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 ;7 ;8, ;9 ; 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, 220~280,,,, 10 2, 10 3 10 1 Torayca 10 2 (2005 ) /(t/a) 10600 200 /(t/a) 1800 200 DMSO AN DMSO AN, ( ) T300~T1000,M35J~M70J,M30~ M50, T300 /GPa 7 3 5( ) /GPa 9 /GPa 650 230 /GPa 700 2010 /(t/a) 18200 400

160 10 3 PAN /MPa /GPa /% /(g/cm 3 ) T300 3530 230 1 5 1 76 T300J 4210 230 1 8 1 78 T400H 4410 250 1 8 1 80 T700S 4900 230 2 1 80 T800H 5490 294 1 9 1 81 T1000G 6370 294 2 2 1 80 M30 4020 294 1 4 1 70 M30S 5490 294 1 7 1 73 M40 2740 392 0 6 1 81 M50 2450 490 0 5 1 91 M35J 4700 343 1 4 1 75 M40J 4400 377 1 2 1 77 M46J 4200 436 1 0 1 84 M50J 4120 475 0 9 1 88 M55J 4020 540 0 8 1 91 M60J 3820 588 0 7 1 93 M65J 637 1 9 M70J 688 1 9 3500 235 1 5 10 1 Torayca 10 3 1 3 10 4 2001~2010 PAN, 10 5 ( Soficar )

10 161 10 4 PAN ( :t, %) 2001 6430(36) 5100(28) 2800(16) 3570(20) 17900 2002 6080(33) 5230(28 5) 3030(16 5) 3960(22) 18300 2003 6230(33) 5430(28) 3480(18) 4070(21) 19210 2004 6550(32) 6260(30) 3590(17) 4280(21) 20680 2005 6650(30) 6800(31) 3970(18) 4500(21) 21920 2006 7580(31) 7380(31) 4470(18) 4780(20) 24190 2007 8350(32) 7900(30) 4940(19) 5080(19) 26270 2008 9000(32) 8100(29) 5450(20) 5190(19) 27740 2009 9850(34) 8300(28) 5950(20) 5410(18) 29510 2010 11390(35 5) 8500(26 5) 6300(20) 5720(18) 31910 10 5 PAN ( :t, %) 2001 2690(15) 4690(26) 10520(59) 17900 2002 2140(12) 4670(25) 11490(63) 18300 2003 2457(13) 5012(26) 11741(61) 19210 2004 2741(13) 5081(25) 12858(62) 20680 2005 3215(15) 5101(23) 13604(62) 21920 2006 3775(16) 5135(21) 15280(63) 24190 2007 4170(16) 5097(19) 17003(65) 26270 2008 4741(17) 5107(18) 17892(65) 27740 2009 5201(18) 5104(17) 19205(65) 29510 2010 5389(17) 5118(16) 21408(67) 31910 10 4 10 5, 9 11,,, 2003, 2004,,,, (CNG), 10 6, 2006 A380 2008 B 787,, 30 23, 2000~3000,

162 10 6 PAN ( :t/a) 2300 600 600 500 200 100 495 200 4995 10 7 5,, 10 7 2003~2010 ( :t) 2003 2005 2010 2003 2005 2010 1500 1750 3500 210 980 1650 20 80 400 20 50 200 1250 1940 4450 3000 4800 10200 10 3 2 PPTA 10 3 2 1, PPTA 2000 30000t/a, 2006 50000t/a 10 8 PPTA 2006 1500t/a, 5000, 2010 3 10 8 ( :t) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 ( ) Kevlar 17500 17500 19500 19500 19500 (, ) Kevlar 5000 5300 5300 5300 5300 ( ) Kevlar 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 0 7 Twaron( ) Twaron 10500 18500 18500 18500 23000 Technora 1000 2000 2000 2000 2000 1 4 ( ) SVM 400 400 400 400 400 ( ) ARMOS 30 30 30 30 30 ( ) Rusar 600 600 600 600 600 AKZO NOBEL( ) M 5 20 20 : 5 1 5 10 3 2 2 N (NMP),CaCl 2 (TPC) (PPD), 6 3 PPTA,, ( ) 18%~20%,

10 163 Kevlar29, 350~500, Kevlar49 10, 10 9 Twaron, PPTA,, Technora PPTA : H2 師 N O NH 帩 師 師 師 師 2( 25%), Telon SVM ARMOS Rusar 10 2, Terlon B C, PPD M 3, m 3%~ 5% : SVM B, M 3 50%, : Armos B C,, M 3, m 50%~70%, Terlon, m n Rusar 10 2, :PPD M 3,, Rusar RusarC Rusar HT Ru sark, Armos, 10 9 PPTA ARMOS Ⅲ, 30, 20 60 10 10

164 10 2 : P:m 15%,n 80%,l 5%;Q:m 5%,n 80%,l 15%;R:m 5%,n 25%,l 70%; S:m 25%,n 5%,l 70%;U:m 75%,n 20%,l 5% 10 9 2005 PPTA (Kevlar) PPTA ( Ⅱ) (ARMOS) Ⅲ /(t/a) 18500 5 30 20 /(t/a) 2500 5 30 20,,,,,, 1500 200 / 11 2 2 2 /(cn/dtex) 26 4 20 5 5GPa 5 0GPa /(cn/dtex) 28 2 21 1 6 5GPa 5 5GPa /(cn/dtex) 968 700 180GPa /(cn/dtex) 1056 800 10 10 /dtex /(g/cm 3 ) /% /(cn/dtex) /(cn/dtex) /% Kevlar29 1167 1 44 7 0 20 0 405 3 6 Kevlar49 1578 1 45 4 5 19 4 880 2 4 Kevlar68 1578 1 44 6 5 20 6 688 2 9 Kevlar100 1667 1 44 7 0 18 8 419 3 9 Kevlar119 1667 1 44 7 0 21 2 378 4 4 Kevlar129 1111 1 44 6 5 23 3 669 3 3 Kevlar149 1267 1 47 1 5 15 8 968 1 5 KevlarHT 1 47 6 5 26 4 Twaron 1 44 19 5 70GPa 3 6 Twaron 1 44 23 0 90GPa 3 3 Twaron 1 45 19 5 121GPa 2 1 Technora SVM 588 19 52~23 54 115 0~119 6GPa 2 8~3 0 143 19 31~22 83 118 0~121 0GPa ARMOS 588 21 58~24 32 130 7~136 5GPa Rusar 588 24 25~27 58 134 0~143 0GPa 2 6~3 5

10 165 10 3 2 3 10 11 PPTA, 200, 10%,, 1000t, 10 ~12, 10, (LNG), IT 10 11 PPTA ( :kt/a) ( ) 2000 12 0 11 85 6 55 3 10 2 60 0 70 35 00 2001 13 0 12 16 6 38 1 95 3 42 1 14 38 00 2002 14 0 11 10 7 00 2 30 3 80 1 80 40 00 2003 15 0 8 90 9 00 3 30 4 20 2 60 43 00 2004 16 0 8 70 11 00 3 60 4 60 3 00 46 50 2005 16 5 8 50 13 00 4 00 5 00 3 50 50 00 10 3 3 UHMWPE 10 3 3 1 10 12 UHMWPE 10 12 UHMWPE ( :t) 2003 2004 2005 2006 2010 DSW( ) 1500 2500 3000 3000 DSW( ) 0 1500 1500 1500 Dyneemn( ) 600 1000 1000 1000 Spectra( ) 1000 1000 2000 3000 400 500 1000 1000 2000 400 500 1000 1000 2000 300 300 400 400 600 30 30 300 500 2005, SK, 30t/a 10 3 3 2 UHMWPE,, DSM,, ; Honeywel,

166 20 80 DSM, ; Dyneema DSM, UHMWPE, ( 10 3),, c/c (c,c )=20~ 40, 35cN/dtex 1999, 10 4 (PE) ( ) ( ), (c/c = 2, 9%), 1000, PE, PE,,, 330~1100dtex, 15~19 4 cn/dtex 10 3 ( : =1 ) 10 4 PE

10 167 10 13, 10 14 10 13 2005 DSM Honeywel PE DSM Honeywel /(t/a) 4500 2000 1000 /(t/a) 500 30 / 6 3 /(cn/dtex) 37 31 35 2 /(cn/dtex) 40 46 6 42 2 /(cn/dtex) 1200(116GPa) 116GPa /(cn/dtex) 1400 2141 10 14 DSM Honeywel /(g/cm 3 ) /(cn/dtex) /(cn/dtex) /(cn/dtex) /(cn/dtex) /% SK60 0 97 28 2 7 910 89 3 5 SK65 0 97 31 3 0 970 95 3 6 SK66 0 97 33 3 2 1010 99 3 7 SK75 0 97 35 3 4 1100 107 3 75 SK76 0 97 37 3 6 1200 116 3 75 SK77 0 97 40 3 9 1400 137 3 75 Spectra900 0 97 22 0~24 7 2 06~2 22 62~79 3 6~4 4 Spectra1000 0 97 28 8~30 3 2 77~2 93 98~113 2 9~3 4 Spectra2000 0 97 28 5~31 0 2 74~3 00 113~116 2 8~2 9 Tekmilon 0 96 3 43 98 4 0 10 14 SK60,,SK77,, Spectra2000, Tekmilon,,,,, 10 3 3 3,1993 1300t,2001 1800t,2003 4700t,2004 6000t, 10 13 7%, 2005 7500t, 5~6, 2, 1, ( ) 1,, ( 1000~2000t) (

168 ) ( ) ( ) 10 3 4,, 10 3 4 1 10 15,,, 10 15 ( :t) 2004 2005 Sudaglass( ) 2006, 2005 Kamenny( ) 1 / Ivotglass( ) ( ) ( ) 900 5000 ( ) Khmelnitskyrey( ) ( ) 1000 4000 ( ) ( ) 35 500 2010 10000 ( ) 650 1000 2010 3000, ( ) Albarrie 4840MPa 10 3 4 2 (1400~1500 ),,,,, 800, 200 10 16, 10 17 10 16 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Na2O+K2O TiO2 Fe2O3+FeO /%51 6~59 3 14 6~18 3 5 9~9 4 3 0~5 3 3 6~5 2 0 8~2 25 9 0~14 0 0 09~0 13

10 169 10 17 /(g/cm 3 ) /MPa /MPa /% / 2 5~2 8 3000~4840 89~108 3 15 650 2 8 3000~4840 79 3~93 1 3 10 650 2 8 3500~4840 79 3~93 1 5 60 650 10 3 4 3 3500t/a, H 10 3 5 PBO Zylon M5,, Kevlar29 1, 100,LOI 68,, 10 3 5 1 10 18, 10 18 Zylon ( :t) 1995 1998 2000 2003 2004 2005 2010 20 180 200 300 400 500 800 10 3 5 2 PBO 4,6 ( ), P205 (PPA), (AS), (HM) 10 19 AKZO NOBEL M5 (2,5 1,4 )(PIPD), 2,6 2,3,5,6,,, LOI 50,,,

170 10 19 Zylon M5 PBO AS PBO HM PIPD(M5) PIPD(M5) /dtex 1 67 1 67 /(g/cm 3 ) 1 54 1 56 1 70 1 70 /GPa 5 8 5 8 5 3 9 5 /(cn/dtex) 37 37 /GPa 180 270 350 400~450 /(cn/dtex) 1150 1720 /% 3 5 2 5 1 4 >2 /% 2 0 0 6 2 0 2 0 /GPa 0 42 2 00 0 50 /% 0 15 / 550 530 530 /LOI 68 68 >50 >50 6 10-6 (100kHz) 3 0 0 001 PBO,M5, 1 1GPa, 2 2GPa, T300 Twaron HM 2 10GPa 0 48GPa,M5 200 400 1 7GPa 1 1GPa, PBO, 10 3 5 3 10 20 Zylon,,, 180t/a, 200t/a, 1 5 /,2003 300t/a 1 /, Kevlar 3~4, Kevlar 1/100 10 20 Zylon ( :t) 1995 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 3( ) 20 100 150 200 250 300 400