17 1 2002 2 V o l. 17N o. 1 CH INESE JOURNAL OF RAD IO SC IENCE February 2002 100520388 (2002) 01020054205 Ξ ( 710071) TN 821 B The advances in developm en t of fracta l an tenna s L IU Y ing GONG Shu-x i FU D e-m in ( Institu te of A ntennas and E lectrom ag netic S cattering X id ian U niversity X i an S hanx i 710071 Ch ina) Abstract T he paper ou tlines the h isto ry of fractal an tennaṡ T he analysis m ethods and the cu rren t p roducts are in troduced. T he fractal design of an tennas is the com 2 b ination of electrom agnetic theo ry and geom etry. F ractal an tennas exh ib it the m u ltiband behavio r and size reduction and po ssess great po ten tial in m ilitary and civil field s. Key words fractal an tenna m u ltiband an tenna size reduction 1 20 70 Beno it 40 M andelb ro t [ 1 ] : (1) (self2sim ilarity) ( ) (2) [ 5 ] 20 80 [ 2 3 4 ] Ξ : 2001204212
1 : 55 2 [28 30 ] [6 ] Euclidean [ 31 ] [ 32 [7 ] 33 Can to r [ 34 35 ] Can to r Sierp in sk i M andelb ro t Koch Koch : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) 900M H z S [ 8 19 Sierp in sk i ] [8 9 ] [10 11 ] Sierp in sk i GPS [ 17 ] Sierp in sk i [18 ] Sierp in sk i [ 19 ] [20 FD TD 22 ] M inkow sk i Koch (U CLA ) Sam ii [23 ] Koch [ 24 ] [ 25 ] [ 37 ] (EF IE) (M F IE ) H EM (hyb rid EF IE2 M F IE) H EM [26 ] (PO ) H EM [15 ] (EF IE) N eu2 m ann (M F IE) PO [27 ] PO Can to r 3 A n soft N EC [ 36 ]
56 17 C. Puen te (confo rm al com 2 Sierp in sk i m un ication s cylinders) Com Cyl [ 38 39 ] Sierp in sk i 1 Com Cyl [S ] [S ] Sierp in sk i F lo rida M assachu setts 4 [ 40 ] 4. 1 Com Cyl 2000 Sierp in sk i 1g3 1 4mm n= 3 f 1 3f 1 9f 1 (f 1 n= 1 ) R F - 10dB (2. 4GH z) 7dB (W LAN ) Com Cyl [ 41 ] 4. 2 3 Koch Koch2 Koch3 Koch2 2 2 1 ComCyl 4. 3 ComCyl [ 42 ] 2000 6 Com Cyl 5
1 : 57 N ational Conference on A ntennas and P ropagation A p ril 1999: 1 4. fractal2sierp in sk i an tenna verified u sing infra2red RCS thermogram s [J ]. E lectronicsl etters A ugust1999 RCS 35 (17): 1393 1394. the behavio r of a sierp insk i fractal netw o rk [ J ]. E lectronics L etters July 1998 34 ( 15 ): 1443 1445. [ 15 ] L iang Xu. M ultiband characteristics of tw o fractal antennas [J ]. M icrow ave and Op tical T echno logy L etters N ovem ber 1999 23 (4): 242 245. [16 ] Jesus Fo rnieles Callejon. O n the app lication of para2 m etric m odels to the tran sien t analysis of resonan t [ 1 ] B. B. M andelbro ṫ T he fractal geom etry of nature [M ]. N ew Yo rk W. H. F reem an 1983. [ 2 ] Jaggard D. L.. O nf ractale lectrodynam ics [A ]. R e2 cent A dvances in E lectrom agnetic T heo ry. p ringeṙ V erlagn ew Yo rk 1990 183 224. [ 3 ] Jaggard D. L.. F ractal E lectrodynam ics and M odel2 ing [A ]. D irections in E lectrom agnetic W ave M odel2 ing P lenum Publish ing Co. N ew Yo rk 1991 435 446. [ 4 ] Jaggard D. L.. F ractal electrodynam ics: w ave intera2 tion w ith discretely self2sim ilar strucrues [A ]. E lec2 trom agnetic Symm etry C. Baum H. K ritiko s T aylo r and F rancis publishers W ash ington D. C. 1995 231 281. [ 5 ] H. N. K ritiko s D. L. Jaggard R ecent advances in electrom agnetic theo ry [M ]. Sp ringer2v erlag 1990 Chap ter6 183 224. [6 ] X. Yang etc. F ractal antenna elem ents and arrays[j ]. A pp lied M icrow ave and W ireless 1999 11 (5). [ 7 ] Jacques L evy V ehel et al.. F ractals and W aves[a ]. F ractals in Engineering Sp ringer 1997. [8 ] C. Puente etc. F ractal M ultiband A ntenna Based on the Sierp insk i Gasket [J ]. 1996. 32 (1): 1 2. IEE E lectronics L etters [ 9 ] C. Puente2Baliarda et al.. O n the behavio r of the Sierp insk i fractal antenna[j ]. IEEE T ransactions on A ntennas and P ropagation 1998 46 (4): 517 524. [ 10 ] C. Puente et al.. Pertubation of the Sierp insk i an2 tenna to allocate operating bands [ J ]. E lectron i2 cl etters 1996 32 (24): 2186 2188. [11 ] C. Puente et al.. V ariations on the fractal Sierp insk i antenna flare angle[j ]. tion Society 1998 4. IEEE A ntenna and P ropaga2 [12 ] R. B reden et al.. P rinted fractal antennas[a ]. IEE [ 13 ] J. M. Gonzalez et al. A ctive zone self2sim ilarity of [14 ] C. Bo rja et al.. Iterative netw o rk model to p redict and m ultiband antennas [J ]. IEEE T ransactions on A ntennas and P ropagation 1998 46 (3): 312 317. [ 17 ] G. J. W alker et al.. F ractal vo lum e antennas [J ]. E lectronicsl etters A ugust 1998 34 ( 16): 1536 1537. [ 18 ] C. T. P. Song et al.. F ractal stacked monopo le w ith very w ide bandw idth [J ]. 1999 35 (12): 945 946. E lectronics L etters June [19 ] J. Rom eu et al.. D ual band fss w ith fractal elem ents [J ]. E lectronicsl etters A p ril 1995 35 ( 9): 702 703. [ 20 ] N. Cohen. F ractala ntennas Part 1: Introduction and the fractal quad [ J ]. Summ er 1995: 7 22. Comm un ication s Q uarterly [21 ] N. Cohen. F ractal A ntennas Part 2: A discussion of relevan t bu t disparate qualities[j ]. Comm un ication s Q uarterly Summ er 1996: 53 66. [22 ] N. Cohen. F ractal antenna app lication in w irelesstele2 comm un ication s [ A ]. P rofessional P rogram P ro2 ceedin2 gs E lectron ic Indu stries Fo rum of N ew M ay 1997: 43 49. England [ 23 ] C. Puente et al.. Sm all but long koch fractal m onopo le [J ]. E lectron ics L etters January 1998 34 (1): 9 10. [ 24 ] R. G. Hoh lfeld et al.. Self2sim ilarity and geom etric requirem ents fo r frequency independence in antenna [J ]. F ractals M arch 1999 7 (1): 79 84. [ 25 ] C. Puente et al.. M ultiband p roperties of a fractal tree an tenna generated by electrochem ical depo sition [ J ]. E lectronicsl etters D ecem ber1996 32 ( 25 ): 2298 2299. [26 ] M. Sindou et al.. M ultiband and w ideband p roper2 ties of p rinted fractal branched antennas [J ]. E lec2 tronic L etters February 1999 35 (3): 181 182. [ 27 ] D. H. W erner et al.. R adiation characteristics of
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