1 1-1 1-3 1-2
2 (cell membrane) (cytoplasm) (organelles) 1-1 1-1 1-1 (Cell Membrane) 1972 (S. J. Singer) (G. L. Nicholson) (fluid-mosaic model) 1. 2. 1-2 3.
1 3 (phospholipids) 55% 25% (glycoproteins) (glycolipids) 1-2 1-2 1. 2. (selective permeability) 3. (signal transduction) 4. (cell junction)
4 (Cytoplasm) (intracellular fluid) 75~90% (cytoskeleton) (Organelles) (Nucleus) DNA (nuclear membrane) (nucleole) (nucleoplasm) (chromatin) 4 1-3 1. (nuclear pore) 1-3
1 5 2. DNA RNA RNA (ribosomal RNA, rrna) RNA 3. 4. (histones) DNA (chromosome) 1-4 1-4
6 (Ribosome) (rrna) 1-5 1. (attached ribosome) 2. (free ribosome) 1-5 (Endoplasmic Reticulum, ER) 1-6 1-6
1 7 1. (granular or rough ER, rer) 2. (agranular or smooth ER, ser) (Golgi Apparatus) 3~8 1-7 1. (glycosylation) 1-7
8 2. 1-7 (Lysosomes) 1-8 (autolysis) (osteoclast) (osteoblast) A 1-8
1 9 (Mitochondria) ATP DNA (mitochondrial DNA) 1-9 DNA 1-9 (Microtubules and Microfilaments) (microfilament) (intermediate filament) (microtubule) (cytoskeleton) 1-10 1. 3~12 nm (actin) (myosine) 2. 18~30 nm (tubulin)
10 3. 7~11 nm (thick filaments) 1-10 (Peroxisomes) (catalase) 2 2 2 2 HO HO 1/2O (Centorosome and Centrioles) 9 1-11
1 11 1-11 (Cilia and Flagella) 9 2 1-12 1-12
12 1-2 (Cell Division) (cell cycle) (interphase) (mitosis) 1-13 G 1 gap phase1 1 S (synthesis phase, S phase) G 2 gap phase 2 2 S G 1 S DNA S G 2 1-13 M (mitosis) (meiosis)
1 13 (Mitosis) 1-14 1-1 1-14
14 1-1 (Prophase) 1. 2. (Metaphase) (Anaphase) (Telophase) 2~10 1. 2. 3. (cytokinesis) (Meiosis) (gamete) (spermatogonium) (oogenesis) I (meiosis I) II (meiosis II) I I I I I I 1-15 1. I (synapsis) (tetrad) (crossing-over) 1-16 2. I
1 15 1-15
16 3. I 4. I 1-16 II II II II II II 1-17 1-2 1-17
1 17 1-2 (Mitosis) (Meiosis) (Apoptosis) (programmed cell death) (apoptotic body) 1-3 (passive transport) (active transport) 1-3 1-3 ATP ATP 1. (Na + -K + pump) 2.
18 (Passive Transport) ATP (simple diffusion) (facilitated diffusion) (osmosis) (filtration) 1-18 1-18 (Osmosis)
1 19 1-19 1. 2. 1-19 (isotonic) 0.9% NaCl 0.9% NaCl (hypertonic) 0.9% NaCl (hypotonic) (Filtration) 10 10-11 (Active transport) (primary active transport) (secondary active transport) (Na + -K + pump) ATPase ATP 3 Na + 2 K + K + Na +
20 ATP Na + 12 12-12 1. (phagocytosis) 2. (pinocytosis) 3. (receptor-mediated endocytosis) (low density lipoprotein, LDL) LDL LDL 4. (exocytosis)