(celebrities) (public figures) (public officials) 89 2 1
1997 8 (paparazzo) 1 8 10 2 2004 Von Hannover v. Germany 3 4 1 See DH-MM (2000) 007: Conference on Freedom of Expression and the Right to Privacy (Strasbourg, 23 September 1999). 2 See Resolution 1165 on the Right to Privacy, Eur. Parl. Ass., 29 th Sess. (1998). 3 Von Hannover v. Germany, Application no. 59320/00, decided on 24 June 2004; final on 24 September 2004. (HUDOC database) <www.echr.coe.int/> (last visited on 12 July 2011) 4 Von Hannover v. Germany, at para. 76. 2
(House of Lords) 5 Von Hannover Naomi Campbell Campbell v. MGN Ltd. 6 7 5 2005 (The Constitutional Reform Act 2005) 2009 10 1 6 [2004] UKHL 22, [2004] 2 A.C. 457 (H.L.) (Eng.). 7 see Barbara McDonald, Privacy, Princesses, and Paparazzi, 50 N.Y.L. SCH. L. REV. 205 (2005-2006). 3
(okios) (agora) Samuel D. Warren Louis D. Brandeis (the right to be let alone) 8 1890 1965 Griswold v. Connecticut 9 10 11 8 8 Samuel D. Warren & Louis D. Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 HARV. L. REV. 193, 193 (1890). 9 381 U.S. 479 (1965). 2003 9 130 10 See AMITAI ETZIONI, THE LIMITS OF PRIVACY 188-194 (1999). 11 1986 Bowers v. Hardwick,478 U.S. 186 (1986) 2003 Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) Bowers 2003 9 138 156 4
15 22 12 22 12 (Aristotle Onassis) (Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis) Ron Galella Galella v. Onassis, 353 F. Supp. 196 (S.D.N.Y. 1972), aff d in part, rev d in part, 487 F.2d. 986 (2 nd Cir. 1973) Id. at 232. 12 See Kendall Thomas, Beyond the Privacy Principle, 92 COLUM. L. REV. 1431, 1443-46 5
(zonal paradigm) (relational paradigm) (decisional paradigm) 8 (inner circle) 13 Von Hannover 14 Katz v. United States 15 (1992). 13 See Marc P. Misthal, Reigning in the Paparazzi: The Human Rights Act, The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and the Rights of Privacy and Publicity in England, 10 INT L LEGAL PERSP. 287, 313-14 (1998). 14 Von Hannover v. Germany, at para. 66. 15 Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 351 (1967) (majority opinion). 6
16 16 Katz John Marshall Harlan II Katz, 389 U.S. at 360-361 (Harlan, J., concurring). 7
17 18 19 20 21 17 See Resolution 1165 on the Right to Privacy, supra note 3, at para. 7. 18 2 3 6 21 19 20 Von Hannover v. Germany, at para. 75. 21 8
22 23 24 22 see Jamie E. Nordhaus, Celebrities Rights to Privacy: How Far Should the Paparazzi Be Allowed to Go?, 18(2) REV. LITIG. 285, 289-291 (1999). 23 See Nordhaus, supra note 22, at 294. 24 9
25 (ad hoc, case by case balancing) (definitional balancing) 25 See Patrick J. Alach, Paparazzi and Privacy, 28 LOY. L.A. ENT. L. REV. 205, 221 (2008). 10
22 26 (newsworthiness) (social value) (public notoriety) 27 26 Snyder v. Phelps, 562 U. S. (2011) 8 1 John Glover Roberts, Jr. Available at <http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-751.pdf> (last visited 14 July 2011). 27 See Nordhaus, supra note 22, at 293-94. 11
28 28 See McDonald, supra note 7, at 232. 12
(content) (form) (context) 29 30 29 See e.g. Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc., 472 U.S. 749 (1985). 30 13
31 (George Eastman) (film) (image) (photography) (Susan Sontag) 32 31 50 119 3 32 SUSAN SONTAG, ON PHOTOGRAPHY 8 (1990). 14
33 34 35 (aesthetic consumerism) 36 37 38 33 Id. at 5. 34 Id. at 12. 35 Id. 36 Id. at 24. 37 38 Id. at 20. 15
39 40 39 Id. at 178. 40 Snyder v. Phelps, 562 U. S. (2011) (Alito, J., dissenting). 16