2007 1
1 2 (1) (2). 2
3
8.1 4
8.2 8.3 1 2 3 2 1 5
100ml ph 0.02% 0.04% 0.1% 1 6
7
2 3 4 8
9
10
11
1 1.1 1.2 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 () 3.4 1-2 (1)4 16 5 (2)16 20 (3)20 36 (4)36 40 (5)40 45 (6)45 47 4 12
13
1 1 1 () 1.1 (1) (6 ) (8 ) ( ) (2)() 6 (3) 1 19 1 1 14
5 3 2 ( ) 2 2 2 () 1 2 8 2 3 1 2 3 5 ( 3 3 ) 3 5 5 3 1 2 ( 2 2 ) 5 1 3 1 ( ) 6 1-5 6 ( ) 6 1 5 6 ( ) 5 2 2 1 2 ( 1 2 ) 3 4 5 ( ) 1 2 ( 1 ) 1.2 (1) 2 4 1 ( 1 2 1 2 5 l 9 ) (2) 3 (3) 1 15
7 5 1 1 1 1 (1 ) 1 4 5 2 1 l (4) 1 3 2 1 1 5 1 3 2 1 1 3 4 5 (5) 1 ( ) 3 1 1 1 ( ) (6) 1 (7) 1 2 1 2 2.1 2 1 2 5 () 2.2 16
5 1 2.3 (BaCanus) 6 2.4 7 9 3 5 5 3 2 5 1 2 1 2.5 4 4 2 2.6 2 3 4 1 ( ) 2 3 7 17
18
19
20
21
22
1 3 ( ) 1 1 1 1 3/4 1 2 1 1 1 () D A C P V 23
1 1 1 (1) 2 2 (2) (3) 1 (4) 2 1 (1) 1 1 (2) (1) 24
(2) 2 3 2/3 (3) 2 (1) 1 (2) 1 2 (3) 2 2 2 1 1 (1) l (2) (3) (1) (2) 5 5 5 1 4/4 4 5 (1) 5 1 4 2 5 (2) 1 4 2 1 5 1 (3) 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 25
1 (3) 1 1 1 2 1 2 10 1 2 3 1 1 3 0.65%0.01%% 0.01%20% 1% 0.5% 1% 2% 1 3 (1) 1 26
(2) (3) 5 4 1 5 5 1 2 1 1 (1) (2) 3 (3) 3 (1) ( ) 4 5 2 (2) 3 27
(3) ( ) 3 2 ( ) 2 1 2 4 (1) (2) 1 1 (3) 1 1 2 (4) 1 (5) 1 (6) 1 1 2 (7) () 28
5 (1) 2 2 2 1 1 (2) (3) 1 (4) 2 (5) 1 (6) 6 (1) (2) 1 7 (1) 1 ( 1 ) 1 1 2 (2) 1 29
(3) 1 1 1 8 (1) 2 1 (2) 1 2 (3) 1 2 (4) 1 2 9 3 ( ) (1) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) 1 (2) 1 2 (3) 3 1 1 1 30
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 ( ) 2 1 4 () 1 ( ) ( ) 2 1 1 10 3 (1) 1 2 1 (2) 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 2-4 4 6 1 (3) 31
1 2 1 1 1 2 l 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 11 (1) 2 2 1 1 (2) 2 12 (1) (2) 16-7 13 1 2 ( ) 3 ( 32
) 4 1 cm 5 4 6 14 15 1 2 3 4 11 1 2 3 4 1 33
(1) 14 ( 16-17 ) ( ) (2) 5 1 (3)( )(1 ) (5 6 ) (2 ) (5 ) (4) 6 (5) 4 ( ) (1) A B C 1 V? D (2) (3) 1 (1) (2) 2 ( ) 20 30 min( ) ( ) 5 1 2 3 34
2.1 (1) U ( ) ( ) 1 (2) ( ) 2.2 () 2 1 ( ) 2.3 (1) (2) ( ) 2 (3) 1 4 35
1? 2.4 (1) 3 2 3 () (2)( ) 3 4 1 2?? 3 7? 4 5 12 1 1 2 20ml 75% 36
1 ( ) 4 1 1 3 6 ( 4 ) 1 5 4 1 ( ) 2 10 20mL ( 10 20mL ) 1.50cm l (1) 37
2 2(2.0.3.3/1.0.2.3)=28 1 1 1 1 : UU 1 cm 1/3 () 3 (2) 4 ( ) 1 1 ( ) 6 (1) (2) 1 1 (3) 38
(4) (1) 1 () 1 (2) ( )1 ( ) () (3) 1 1 2 (1) ( ) 2 4 2 2 (2) 3 1 39
() 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 (3) 1 1 2 2 1 1 4~5 1 6 1 1 1 1 40
(1) 2 ( ) 1 1 1 ( ) 2 1 () () 3 (2) 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 13 1 41
1 2 a b 50 0.1 I 2 -IK Cyanophyta 1 Oscillatoria 1? 2?? 0.1 I2-KI 2 Nostoc N. commuen.flagelliforme 42
????? 3 Anabaena? Chlorophyta 1 Chlamydomonas?? I 2 -KI??? 2 4 8 4 2 2 Spirogyra??I 2 -KI 43
?? 1 2 4 1? 2? 3 Volvox Chladophora? Phaeoplyta 1 Laminaria japonica? 2cm 0.5 cm 1 2? 44
2 Undaria pinnatifida Sargassum S kjellmanianums pallidum Rhodophyta 1 Porphyra 2 4 16 4 8 2 Gracilaria 3 Gelidium Grateloupia 1 3 1 2 3 4? 45
5??? 14 2 1 5 KOH I 2 -KI Eumycota 46
1 Mastigomycotina Saprolegnia 5 KOH?? 2 Zygomycorma Rhizopus? 3 Ascomycotina 1Saccharomyces S cerevisiae??? 2Penicillium 5 KOH???? 3Aspergillus 4Cordyceps C sinensis?? 4 Basidiomycotina 1 Agarocales Agaricus CoprinusPleurotusLentinus?????? 47
??? 2 1Tremella 20 min 5 KOH 4 4 2Ganoderma 3Auricularia Lichenes 1 1 Lecanora? 2 Parmelia 3 CladoniaUsnea?? 2 1 2 Collema??? 1 Marchantia Polymorpha 1? 48
?? 2 3? 4 2 2 1???? 5??? 2 Funaria hygrometrica 1?? 2 I2-KI 1 3 49
??? 4 1 Nephrolepis auriculata ( ) ( ) 5 7 ( ) 30 50 I 2 -IK 2 Equisetum arvense 1?? 2 5~10 3 1? 50
? 3 (Hippochaete ramosissimum ) 1 2 3 4 5? 6 7 http://www.google.com 15 (1) 1 2 I 2 -KI 1 2 1Ginkgo biloba? 2Platycladus orientalis [Sabina chinensis ]?? 51
3Cryptomeria fortunei 4Cedrus deodara 3 1 2 3 4 : 1 Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G.Don 2 Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng 3 ( )Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. 4 Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. cv. 'Kaizuca' 5 Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. 6 ()Thuja occidentalis L. 7 Cryptomeria japonica (Linn. f.)d.don 8 Pinus thunbergii Parl. 9 ( )Sabina squamata (Buch.-Ham.) Antoine cv. 'Meyeri' 10 Ginkgo biloba L. 11 Taxodium ascendens Brongn. 12 Cycas revoluta Thunb. 13 Cryptomeria fortunei Hooibrenk ex Ott. et Dietr. 14 Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. cv. 'Sieboldii' 15 Pinus parviflora Sieb. et Zucc. 16 Araucaria cuninghamia Sweet. 17 Podocarpus macrophyllus D.Don. 18 Juniperus formosana Hayata. 1 2 64K 32K 1? 2 3 Google 16 (2) 52
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 3 17 100 53
1 1 1 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 4 1 2 3 4 18 1 2 54
1 1 2 3 (1) (2) (3) 4 (1) 3-4 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 1 2 1 2 19 1 2 - - - - - 55
5 8 1% () () ( ) 1 1 2-3 2 56
2 V N 3 5 4 2-3 5 : 1 95 1 10 95 1 2 6 38cm 27cm 3 1 57
2 4 3 1 2 20 1 2 Lamarck (Brassica) 1. 2.1 B. caulo-rapa Pasq. 2. 3. 2 B. rapa L. 3. 3 B. napiformis Bai. 58
1. 4. 2-3 5.4 B. oleracea L. var. capitata L. 5.5 B. oleracea L. var. botrytis L. 4. 2 6.6 B. pekinensis Rupr. 6.7 B. chinensis L. 1 1 2 2 3 3 1. 2 1. 3 2.1 B. caulo-rapa Pasq. 2. 4 3. 2-3 5 3. 2 6 4. 2 B. rapa L. 4. 3 B. napiformis Bai. 5.4 B. oleracea L. var. capitata L. 5. 5 B. oleracea L. var. botrytis L. 6.6 B. pekinensis Rupr. 6.7 B. chinensis L. 1 2 59
3 4-5 4 5-10 21 1~5 1 3 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 60
1 2 22 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 1 1 23 1 2 61
1 2 3 4 () 24 1 2 4 1 (1) 300 ph 62
4 (2) 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) I 2 -KI (5) 3 6 4 6 1 / 2 63
1 1. 2. 10g 3cm 1000ml, 20min 5d ( ) p 6.5 7.0( 1%) 3. 2 3 O.1MPa 20min, ( ) 27 25 1 1 1. 2. 15 20 30 1 2 3 8 1 ( 80L 64
) 2h 1. ( ) 1 2h 2. 16 18 3 2 1 1. I 2. 0.7% 30%-50% 60-70 70% 5% 75% 80% 2% 70% l0% 5% 1. 2. 95% 8% 10% 50% 70% 95% 1d 80% 5% (4% 12 95% 30 2 60 ) 65
1. 2. 50 50% 70% 10% 90% 10% 90% 1. 2. 10% 2% 70% 10% 70% 80% 10% 7%(1 1) 1. (1) 30cm 65 cm 1m 30cm, (2) 500mL 1 2 () ( 50g) 1 () (3) (4) 70% 2. (1) 66
(2) (3) (4) 3. 70% 70% 1 2d 5% 5% 80% l5 5 1 5mL 5g 5ml 100ml 67
2 1 2 0.5% 0.8%( 1% ) 1-3d 3 0.5 0.8%( 1% ) 2-4d 4 1 (1) 68
AA (2) (3) ( 16 ) 69
2 ( 3 5cm) ( ) 70
.. 1978.. 1979.. 1983. 1983...1983.. 1983.. 1984....1986.. 1987. 1987.. 1988... 1989.. 1990.. 1991. 1991.. 1991.. 1992.. 1992.. 2. 1992.. 1992.. l994.. 3. 1995.. 1995.. 2. 1997.. 2.. 1998 MUller WA( )... 1998.. 1999. SPSS for Windows. 2000.. 2000.. 1995 30(6) 48 52 71