/

1 2 1 2

,1990 5

1. The University of Pennsylvania The Wharton School of Finance and Economy 2. The University of California at Berkeley College of Commerce 3. The University of Chicago College of Commerce and Administration 4. The University of Wisconsin School of Commerce 5. The University of Vermont Department of Commerce and Economics 6. New York University School of Commerce, Accounts and Finance 7. Amos Tuck School of Business, Administration and Finance Dartmouth College 8. The University of Illinois College of Commerce and Business Administration 9. Harvard University Graduate School of Business 10. Northwestern University School of Commerce 1881 1898 1898 1900 1900 1900 1900 1902 1908 1908

BBA MBA DBA 1919/1920 1 576 3.2% * 100 0 1929/1930 6 376 6.1% 578 4 1939/1940 18 549 10.0% 1 139 37 1949/1950 72 137 16.6% 4 335 58 1957/1958 50 090 13.7% 5 205 109

1 3 1962 BBA MBA DBA 1961/1962 51 909 13.5% 5 303 6.2% n.a. 1967/1968 80 440 12.6% 17 868 10.1% 422 1.9% 1972/1973 128 224 13.8% 31 239 11.8% 932 2.7% 1977/1978 161 271 18.7% 48 484 15.6% 863 2.7% 1982/1983 226 892 23.4% 65 319 22.5% 809 2.4% 1985/1986 238 160 24.1% 67 137 23.2% 969 2.9%

2.96 3.69 2.89 3.84 3.22 3.52 2.87 3.34 3.21 3.54 2.93 3.71 3.31 3.69 3.03 2.95 3.0 3.06 3.0 3.95 2.97

1992 1993 1994 1995 1 Stanford Harvard Stanford MIT 2 Harvard Stanford MIT Wharton 3 wharton Wharton Harvard Stanford 4 Kellogg Kellogg Wharton Harvard 5 MIT Michigan Kellogg Kellogg 6 Chicago MIT Chicaog Dartmouth 7 Michigan Duke Dartmouth Chicogo 8 Columbia Dartmouth Michigan Duke 9 Duke Chicago Duke Virginia 10 Dartmouth Columbia UCLA Berkeley

2 1 1 B.A./M.B.A. Bachelor of Arts/Master of Business Administration / 2 D.B.A. Doctor of Business Administration 3 D.P.A. Doctorate of Public Administration 4 Ed.D. Doctor of Education 5 Ed.S. Educational Specialist in Business Administration 6 E.M.B.A. Executive Maser of Business Administration 7 E.M.I.M. Executive Master of International Management 8 E.M.O.D. Executive Master of Organization Development 9 I.M.O.T. Master of Intenational Management of Technology 10 J.D. Juris Doctor 11 J.D./M.Acc Juris Doctor / Master of Accountancy / 12 J.D./M.B.A. Juris Doctor / Master of Business Administration / 13 J.D/M.P.A. Juris Doctor / Master of Public Administration / 14 M.B.A./J.D. Master of Business Administration / Juris Doctor / 15 M.B.A./M.A. Master of Business Administration / Master of Arts /

16 M. B.A./M.Arch Master of Business Administration / Master / of Archiecture 17 M.B.A./M.A.L.S. Master of Business Administration / Master / of Arts in International Studies 18 M.B.A./M.C.R.P. Master of Businesss Administration / Master / in City and Regional Planning 19 M.B.A./M.E. Master of Businesss Administration / Master / of Engineering 20 M.B.A./M.H.A. Master of Businesss Administration / Master / of Health Administration 21 M.B.A./M.I.L.R. Master of Businesss Administration / Master / of Industrial Labor Relations 22 M.B.A./M.P.H. Master of Businesss Administration / Master / of Public Health 23 M.B.A./M.S.N Master of Businesss Administration / Master / of Science in Nursing 24 M.B.A./M.S.W Master of Businesss Administration / Master / of Social work 25 M.B.A./Ph.D. Master of Businesss Administration / Doctor / Philosophy 26 M.B.C. Master of Business Communication 27 M.B.E. Master of Business Economics or Master of Business Education 28 M.B.I.S. Master of Business Information Systrns 29 M.B.S. Master of Business Studies 30 M.B.T. Master of Business Taxation 31 M.C.S.M. Master of Computer Systems Management

32 M.D./M.B.A. Medical Doctor / Master of Business Admini- / stration 33 M.E. Master of Engineering or Master of Education 34 M.E./M.B.A. Master of Engineering / Master of Business / Administration 35 M.H.A. Master of Health Administration 36 M.I.B. Master of International Business 37 M.I.B.A. Master of International Business Administra- tion 38 M.I.B.S. Master of International Business Studies 39 M.I.H.M. Master of International Health Management 40 M.S.B.M. Master of Science in Business Management 41 M.S.B.O.M. Master of Science in Business Organizational Management 42 M.Se Master of Management Science or Master of / Science 43 M.S.C. Master of Science in Commerce 44 M.S.C.I.S. Master of Science in Computer 46 M.S.H.R./O.D. Master of Science in Human Resource and Organizational Development 47 M.S.I. Master of Science in Insurance

48 M.S.I.A. Master of Science in industrial Administration 49 M.S.I.M. Master of Science in industrial Managemetn 50 M.S.I.S. Master of Science in Computer Based Information Systems or Master of Science in Information Systems 51 M.S.J.B.S. Master of Science in Japaness Business Studies 52 M.S.M. Master of Science in Management 53 M.S./M.I.S. Master of Science / Management Information / Systems 54 LL.B./M.B.A. Bachelor of Laws / Master of Business / Administration 55 M.A. Master of Arts 56 M.A.A.E. Master of Arts in Applied Economics 57 M.Ac. Master of Accountancy 58 M.Acco. Master of Accounting 59 M.A.C.T. Master of Arts in College Teaching 60 M.Ad. Master of Administration 61 M.A.E. Master of Arts in Applied Economics 62 M.Arch./M.B Master of Architecture / Master of Business of /.A. Administration 63 M.A.S. Master of Accounting Science, Master of Applied Science Master of Actuarial Science, or Master of Administrative Science

64 M.B.A. Master of Business Administration 65 M.B.A./ Master of Business Administration / Certified / C.P.A. Public Accountant 66 M.I.M. Master of Intemational Management 67 M.I.N. Master of Insurance 68 M.L.S. Master of Library Science 69 M.L.S./ Master of Library Science / Master of Business / M.B.A. Administration 70 M.M. Master of Management 71 M.M.A. Master of Management and Administration 72 M.M.I.S. Master of Management information Systems 73 M.M./J.D. Master of Management / Juris Doctor / 74 M.M.M. Master of Managemetn in Manufacturing 75 M.M.R. Master of Marketing Research 76 M.M.S. Master of Management Studies 77 M.O.B. Master of Organizational Behavior 78 M.O.D. Master of Science in Management and Organizational Development 79 M.P.A. Master of Professional Accountancy, or Master of Professional Accounting, or Master of Public Administration 80 M.P.Acc. Master of Professional Accounting 81 M.P.E.R. Master of Personnel and Employee Relations

82 M.P.M. Master of Public Health 83 M.P.M. Master of Public Management or Master of Project Management 84 M.P.P. Master of Public Policy 85 M.P.P.M. Master of Public and Private Management 86 M.Pr.A. Master of Professional Accountancy 87 M.P.S. Master of Professional Studies 88 M.P.S.H.Hd Master of Professional Studies in Hotel Administration 89 M.S. Master of Science 90 M.S.A. Master of Science Accountancy or Accounting or Master of Science in Administration 91 M.S.Ac. Master of Science in Accounting 92 M.S./Accy. Master of Science in Accountancy 93 M.S.A.E. Master of Science in Applied Economics 94 M.S.B. Master of Science in Business 95 M.S.B.A. Master of Science in Business Administration 96 M.S./B.I.S. Master of Science in Business Information Systems 97 M.S.M.S. Master of Science in Management Systems 98 M.S.O.B. Master of Science in Organizational Behavior 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 M.S.O.D. M.S.P.A. M.S./Ph.D. M.S.R.E. M.S.S.M. M.S.T. M.S.Tax. M.T. M.T.A. M.T.M. M.T.X. M.T.P. Ph.D. Master of Science in Organizational Behavior and Development Master of Science in Professional Accounting Master of Science / Doctor of Philosophy Master of Science in Real Estate and Urban Affairs Master of Science in Strategic Management Master of Science in Taxation Master of Science in Taxation Master of Taxation Master of Tax Accounting Master of Transport Management Master of Taxation Master of Urban Planning Doctor of Philosophy /

The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business (16%) (12%) (15%) (16%) Columbia Business School ( ) ( ) (15%) (15%) (37%) The Darden School (University of Virginia) Harvard Business School (20%) (15%) (24%) (15%) (8%) (25%) Kellogg Graduate School of Management (Northwesten University) (25%) (21%) (29%) The MIT Sloan School of Management (24%) (20%)

The University of Michigan Business School = (35%) (23%) (17%) (28%) The Stanford Graduate School of Buisiness (13%) Amos Tuck School of Business Adminitstration and Finance Dartmouth Collgeg (8%) (27%) (24%) (16%) The Wharton School (University of Pennsylvania) (27%) (24%) (16%)

1996

1 M&A 2 3 M&A 4

19 19 37 29 58 23 12 59 60 26 36 24 3 10 1 416

1994 1 Showa-Packardltd 1987 1

1988 1

1993

1996

1 4 2 5 3 6

( ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Northwestern Chicago Pennsylvania Duke UCLA Indiana Columbia Southern Calif Georgia State Case western New York University Illinois Purdne Pittsburgh Emory Texas (Austin) Wake Forest Vanderbilt Southern Methodist Tulane 2 3 19 6 11 1 25 7 5 4 18 10 8 9 12 15 13 14 17 16 1 2 4 7 5 27 3 8 12 18 8 9 24 10 11 13 22 30 17 21 39800 38500 61500 44000 427000 25000 59000 38000 22500 46662 59600 24400 28500 27600 37600 20100 29000 40200 29940 33000 280 163 197 90 120 50 225 118 77 85 86 74 70 81 91 117 100 52 95 60 80000 84800 96100 85000 92000 78600 93300 70000 65000 85000 104000 85000 62300 73200 81700 83000 29000 60100 73100 56500

1 2 1 2 8 P291 306 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 3 1 5 2 10 6 11 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2

7 5 9 12 18 28 10 2 10 30 11 7 13 21 27 12 5 11 19 Regina Shoes Ltd. P58 Timber Craft Itd. P133 Regina Shoes Ltd. P175 Regina Shoes Ltd. P240

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

97 3 100 97 3 100 97 3 150 97 3 100 3 100 550

lim sin x 1 x = 1, lim( 1 + ) = e x 0 x x x