4 1
() ( ) 0.01 010/0.15 1/1.5 2 3 12 25 40 60 70 135 180 225 270 350 400 440 500 600 1,000 2,500 4,600 38
193 194 1990 7
1993 1
3 354 Totem
Aigyptos Egypt
rhyt pct A.H.Gardiner AncientEgyptianOnomastica 1 98 106
Manetho 7ab 99
1 HuntersfarmersandCiviliza-tions 221 Mastaba
835 220 760 2235 974 406 1237 1 81 1 1 2735
3 4 1991
AbdEl MonsenBakir SlaveryinPharaonicEgypt 14
Edwards ThePyramidsofEgypt 1980 284 128
125 23 24 5 75 25 26 5 100 Theinstructionfor kingmeri-ka-re J.B.Pritchard Ancient Near EasternTexts 414 418
PoorMan Citizen
1 273 274
1963 63 64 3 1 2 200 201 1980 2 1 135
J.M. J.M.White EverydayLife in Ancient Egypt 17 18
19 19 5 1979 1 3 23 1 3230 18 1086 VXix2 206 19 19 20 1070419 1/3 1 =1
430 18 154 19 18
60
17 222
è 853
hieros glypho hieroglyphic
1987 201
I.M. I.M.DiaknoffOn the structure of old Babylrnian soviety 1971 19
2 1971 450 KA DINGIR.RA. Bb ilìm Babylon
L.W. L.W.Kingletters and Inscriptions of Hammurapi 3 1900 28 166 F.R Ein Edikt des Konigs Ammì Saduga Von Babylon 1958 149 151
UET5367 W.F. Foreign Trade in the Old Babylonian Period as Revealed by Telts From Southern mesopotamia 1960 36 37 40
1980 18 188 191
Glovenni Pettinato The Archivesof Ebla An Empjre inscribed inclay 1981 14 19
20 21
Po-ni-ki-ya Phoinix Phoenician 24
25 126 95 214 27 38 55 77 121 64
2 10 11 73 121 7 80 88 89
1. 1 1951 197 198 89 95 14560 118 120 202 AD
Kr185 BE 74
1 44 3 12 6 30 6 4
A C 2 12 C 3 3 1 8
7.6 7.8 3.72 8 1 3 11 BE 75
509 494 492 458
178 1974 9
K.C.Jain Prehistoryandprehistoryof India 1979 122 129 152 154
I.126.3
205 207
14 1025±110
19 25 Moriya Maurya 1
2 768 1963 65 1977 2 198 210 1973 2 3 26 73 74
13 3 15 3 35 36 1 2 3
2.5 3 67 287 XV40
4 3
287 288
8 11 29 66
1991 7
8
1 13 15 159 161 7
2 4 14 1619 165 171 5 325
24 25 125 6 2151 2
1/6 2 13 5 8 12
20 22 566
4151
6257
597 5105 170 1207 500 7607 184 186 17 50 1957 17
7 9 20 1/4
d mokratia d mos kratos 5
36
334 11
38 H 2 575 E. 72 4
17 7 1982 1987 297 2420
42 15 18 338 341 31 4 126
1989 234 275
33 2 probalbo53
44
4 163
3 274 406 1987 34 1981 3 17 147
38
12 13 10 11
144 115
17 17
318 26 86 36
14166 120 8 11 638 650 30 159
4 50 57
Princeps
Imperator
24
270 271
79 LXX 152 21 349
10 34 22 536 537 17 4 12
2 1 4 5 39 40
10 22 23
2 18