1 1 3 3 6 7 7 8 9 10 10 12 ( VSR) 16 19 19 21 22 22
22 23 23 23 23 23 24 27 27 28 29 29 30 31 31 32 32 32 33 34 41 41 42 44 44 44 47
48 48 48 49 50 51 52 52 54 54 58 58 59 60 61 61 62 63 64 64 64 65 65 68 70 70 71
72 73 73 73 N MOS 74 N MOS 75 75 76 76 77 78 79 79 79 81 U DR M 81 U RR M 82 I T ( A V ) 82 82 I H 82 U GT 82 I GT 82 83 83 83 84 84 85
87 87 88 89 89 92 92 93 93 94 95 100 100 TT L 101 TT L 103 106 106 108 109 109 112 112 112 113 114 114 115
115 116 116 117 118 118 118 119 LED 120 LED 120 LED 121 LED 122 123 123 124 125 125 127 134 134 135 135 136 138 138 138 139
139 140 141 141 141 142 143 144 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 149
,,,,, 1,,, 2 R 1 1 a ; b ( ), 1 1 ( k ) ( M ) 1k = 1000 1M = 1000k 3 a) b), (1) :,, 1 2
2 1 2 (2 ) :, 1 3 1 3 (3 ) :, 1 4 1 4
3 RT 5 RX20,, 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 : : : T 0 1 H 2 S 3 4 N 5 R J 6 7 Y 8 C 9 G I W X T D,,
4 1 (1 ), 4 7k 4k7 (2 ),, ( ) 1 6, ; ; 1 2 1 6 1 2 ( % ) 0 10 0 1 10 1 1 2 10 2 2 3 10 3 4 10 4 5 10 5 0 5 6 10 6 0 25 7 10 7 0 1 8 10 8 9 10 9 10-2 10 10-1 5 20, 1 2 47 10 3 5%, 47000 47k 5% 1 2
5,, 1 3 1 3 ( % ) 0 0 0 10 0 1 1 1 10 1 1 2 2 2 10 2 2 3 3 3 10 3 4 4 4 10 4 5 5 5 10 5 5 6 6 6 10 6 0 25 7 7 7 10 7 0 1 8 8 8 10 8 9 9 9 10 9 10-1 10-2 20 2,,,,,,, 1 7 1/ 8W 1/ 4W 1/ 2 W 1W 2W, 1 7
6, 1 (1 ),, 0, (2 ) R 1 R 10 R 100 R 1k R 10k,,, 2/ 3,, (3 ),,, 2 (1 ) : (2 ) :, ( 1M ), R 10k,,,,, 1 8 500k, 500k 5, 2 5M 1 8 (3 ) : ( 0 2 ) R 1,, 1 9
7 0 2 R 1 1, 1 9 1 1 10a 1 10b 1 10c RP 2, (1 ), (2 ) :,, (3 ) :,,,,
8 1 10 a) b ) c) 1, ; (1 ) ( 1 11 ) B C, A B A C, C, A B 0 ( 2) ( 1 12) Ui A B, Uo C B D Ui A D U1 D B U2, Ui = U1 + U2 Uo U2 D, Uo 0 Ui
9 1 11 1 12 2,,,, (1 ),,, (2 ),,, ( X ) (Z ) (D ) 1 13, 100 %, 100% ( ), X,, Z,, 1 13, 100%, D Z, 100 %,,,
10,,, 1 ( ), ( ),,,, 2,,,,,, 3 R 10 k,,,,,,, 4, R 1,,,,,,,, 1
11,,,,,,, 1 14 1 14 a) b) c) 0 22 10k, 0 5 3W 2 (1 ), (2 ),, R 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
12,,, ( NTC), ( PTC), 1 15 1 15 NTC 1 16 1 ( NTC) (1 ) Rt :, 25 (2 ) :, (3 ) at : 1, % (4) :,, 63 2 %, 1 16 (5) : 1 a) NTC MF b), 1 4,
13 1 4 NTC / W / R 25 / m W / / s MF11 0 25 10 100 110 4 7 k 5 1 15k 85 ( ) 60 M F12 1 M F12 2 M F12 3 1 1 1M 0 2 0 5 1 1M 0 47 0 25 56 5600 0 04 125 ( ) 60 MF13 0 25 0 82 10k 11 300k 0 1 125 ( ) 30 MF14 0 5 0 82 10k 11 300k 125 ( ) 60 MF15 0 5 100 47k 51 1000k 125 ( ) 30 MF16 0 5 10 47k 51 100k 125 ( ) 60 MF51 10 1M 0 02-80 55-55 125 40 125 125 315 5 MF52 10 1M 0 02-80 55-55 125 40 200 3 M F53 1 2890 2 % - 25 70 M F53 2 345 2 % 0 002-55 70 120 M F53 3 1000 2 % 40 70 2 (1 ) : NTC 25,
14,, (2 ) at : 1 17 t1 Rt 1,, t2 1 17 NTC Rt 2 at = Rt 2 - Rt 1 Rt 1 ( t2 - t1 ) NTC at < 0, at > 0, 3 ( P TC) 1 18 : (1 ) : 25 ( 2) R min : 1 18,, T min (3) T b Rmin Rb (4) RN 1 18 RN 1 18, T N
15 (5 ) T P : 1 18, P TC T b, P TC, T N,,, P TC, PTC, 1 19 S,, P TC, P TC,, PTC 1 19,,,, MZ 1 5, 1 5 MZ / V MZ71 220 / / A 30s / ma 20 30 % > 15 < 10 360V 75s 40 30 % > 10 < 10 420V 75s MZ72 220 18 20 % > 15 < 10 270V 75s 12 20 % > 20 < 10 270V 75s MZ72B 220 18 20 % > 15 < 10 270V 75s 2 MZ73 220 27 20 % > 15 < 5 270V 75s 4 PTC (1 ) :, 25
16, 20%, (2 ) ( P TC ) : 1 20, P TC,,, 1 20 P TC,, ( VSR ) 1 21, 1 21, a) b ),,, 1 (1 ) U1 ma :, 1mA U0 1mA, U10 m A (2 ) : 75 % U1 m A, (3 ) : ( 8 20 s ),
17,,,,,,,,,,,, 1 22a b 1 22c 1 22 a) 1 b) 2 c) 2, R 10k, 0,,,, 1 23 1 2, 1 50mA 2 1000V ( 500V ), 120r/ min
18,,, ( 1 ),,,, 1 23,,,, 1, 2
,,, ( ), 1,,, ( ),, 2 C, 2 1 3 2 1 a) b), 2 2 c) d), A B + Q - Q, A B, Q C = Q U 2 2
20 Q, ;, 1 ( C), 1 ( V), 1 ( F ) ( F ) F,, ( F ) (pf ), 1F = 10 6 F 1 F = 10 6 pf 4 : (1 ),,?, 2 3a S A, C,, i1, ( ), S B,,, i2, R,,,,?,,,, R, 2 3b 2 3 a) b) (2 ), ( ),,
21,,,,, ( OTL) 1 2 4 2 4 2,,,
22, 1 2 5,, (pf), 322 10 3 pf 2 2 5b 2 5, a) b),,, 14 10 2, 1400pF, 12V, 4V, 16V,,,, 100 F300V, 100 F 300V
23,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, tg,, tg 0 01,,, tg 0 2,, 1 10pF, R 10k,,,,, 2 10pF 0 01 F R 10k,,,,, R 10k, 2 6
24 C VT1 VT2 NPN,,,, 2 6 10pF 0 01 F 3 0 01 F,,, R 10k,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,, 1 47 F R 1k, 47 F, R 100 R 10 2 2 7a,
25,,,,,,,,,,, 2 7b,,,,,,, 2 7 a) b),, 3, +, -,,,,, 4,,, 500
26 2 1 2 1 / F / 1 210k R 1k 2 2 110k R 1k 3 3 55k R 1k 4 7 50k R 1k 6 8 34k R 1k 10 21k R 1k 22 8 5k R 1k 33 5k R 1k 47 3 2k R 1k 100 2 2k R 100 220 750k R 100 330 500k R 100 470 320k R 100 1000 230k R 10 2200 90 R 10 3300 75 R 10 4700 26 R 10,, 5,,, 4700 F R 1k, 10min, R 1 R 10 R 1k R 100 ( R 1 R 1k 1/ 1000),
27 R 1,,,,, R 1k, 10000 F 100k 2 8 1,,, 2 8 a) b ) c)
28, 7/ 270pF, 7pF, 270pF 2, 2 270pF, 270pF,, 3,,, 5/ 20pF 5pF, 20pF 1,,,,, 2 R 10k, 2 9 ( ),,,,,,, 2 9
,, ( ) 1 L 3 1 2 ( H),, ( mh) ( H) 1H = 1000mH 1mH = 1000 H 3 XL,,,,,, ( ),,, XL = 2 f L, L,, ; f ;,,
30 3 1,, 1,,,
31 2 3 : 1 L ( ) L 2 Q, Q, Q = 2 f L/ R,, Q ;, Q Q Q, Q 3, L Q,,,, R 1,, Q, Q ; Q ; Q ; Q,,,,,,,,
32, 1, 3 2 2 (1 ),, ( ) 3 2 (2 ) (3 ) 1 n 3 3 (,,, ) n u1 u2, n1 n2, 3 3
33 u1 u2 = n 1 n2 = n n 1, u1 u2, n 1, u1 u2,, 2,,,,, = P 2 100% P1 P1 P2 1, 3, 4,,,, 1,, 220V 250V 6 3V 2 3 4 Z1,, U1, U2, I1, I2, R L, P1 P2, Z2 P1 = P2 P1 = I1 U1 P2 = I2 U2
34 U1 I1 = U2 I2 U 1 U2 = I 2 I1 = n ( ) Z1 = U1 Z2 = U2 I1 I2 Z1 = n 2 Z2 n, n 2 3 4 Z1 Z2 R L, R L Z2, 1 220V, (1 ) : (2 ) :,,,, R 10k,,, ( ), 150V 500V 1000V, (3 ) : R 1,
35,,, ;,,,,,,, (4 ) : AC220V ( 220V ) 6 3V 12V 24V,, 10, 3 5a 10 A B H I R 1, I ( ),, H,, I H F G, D E A B, B C, A B C, A B B C, A B 220V A B, J,, J, 3 5b (5 ) :, 10% 20%,, 3 6,, 500mA (, ), 100mA,,,
36 3 5 a) b),, 3 7 10 / 2W ( 2 W ), I = U R, ( 6 ) : 220V,, 5%, 10%, 220V, 3 6 3 7 220V, (7 ) :
37,, 3 8, G 1 5V, S 2 5V ( 0 5mA ) 3 8, C, D S, ( ),,,,,, C A, D B S,, C B D A,, S S,,,, S, (8 ) :,, Pm a x = S 2 / 1 56, Pm a x ; S (, cm 2 ) 10cm, 4cm, 25 W, 2, f H ( 15625Hz),,
38,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 54C3 ( M11 ), 3 9 T2 ( F B T), VT2, VT1 T1, C1 C2 C3 C4 3 9 54C3 : (1 ) : F B T, 110V ( 130V ) 250V, 3 9 R4 ( F B T 5 ),, 110V 50 80V,,,
39 (2 ) : 3 10, R4,, 110V 220V/ 60 W HL ( ) 250V,, R4,, 110V, 3 10 110V, 110 V, (3 ),,, 3 11 2 5A, R4, 110V, T2 5 M11 300mA,, 3 11,,, R4, I = U R, 3 12 10V R4 110V, R4, ( 4V), R4 5 6 I = U R = 4 A = 0 71A = 710mA 5 6
40 710mA,,,,,, (4 ) :, 3 9 VT2 R 1k C 3 12 R 4 3 13 VT2, C1 C2 C4 C,,, (5 ) T2, 3 13 : 3 9 T2 9 4,,,,,,,
,,, 1 4 1a,, N P PN ( Si) ( Ge) ( GaAs) 4 1b 2 P N, P,, N,, P N 4 1, a) b) PN, 4 2a, P N, N P ( ) P N PN PN N P
42,,,, 4 2 PN 4 2b, P, N, PN,,,, P N 4 2c, P, N,,,, PN ( 4 2b ), PN, PN ( 4 2c), PN PN PN 1, (1 ) :, 0 5V,,
43 0 2V, (2 ) : 2 4 3 4 1 4 3 4 1 A N, A f > 3MHz, P 1W P B P, B S C N C T D P, D f < 3MHz, P 1W U E G f 3MHz, P < 1W V A PN P, K W B NP N, C PN P, D NP N, L X f < 3MHz, P < 1W J Y N Z BT P IN PI N CS J G F H
44, 2AP9 N 1 ( IF ),, 2 ( U R M ),, 3 ( IR ), I R, 4 ( f m ) f m,, 5 ( tr r ), Irr tr r 4 4, IF, IR M, Ir r Ir r = 0 1 IR M t = t0, I = IF O, t > t0, 4 4,, t = t1, I = 0 I R, I R, t = t2, I RM,,, t = t3, I R = Ir r t1 t3, ( )
45 1,,, R 100,,, 0,,,,,,, 2 (1 ) R 1k,,, (2 ) R 1,, (3 ) R 1k, 1k (4 ) UR M,,, 220V, 310V,, 310V,, 450 600V UR M ( ) 4 5, 4 5,,
46 500V,,, ( 2r/ s),, 3,, (1 ) : 4 6,, 4 6 1 2 VD1 VD2 VD3 VD4,,,, 3 4,,,, 3 4, 4 7 (2 ) : 4 7
47,, 4,, 4 8 4 8, R 10k,,,,, 4 9 VD1,,,,,, 4 9,, R 100 ( ) ( )
48 PN,,,, PN, PN, 4 10 1 4 10, 10 k, 2,, 2CW7 2CW21L, (1 ) R 1k, (2 ) R 10k, R 1k,, R 1k 1 5V, R 10k 9V 9V,, 9V,, 4 11
49 3, 2DW7 6 1 6 5V, 40mA, 4 11 1W, 4 12, RP, R 100, S, RP, RP, 4 12,,,, 9V, : R 10k, ( ), 10V, 2DW7C, 20 ( 10V 50 ), U = 0 3V/ 20 = 6V, 6 1 6 5V, ( FRD) ( SRD) ( SBD)
50, 1 tr r trr, 0 6V,, tr r,, 2,, 4 13a 20 30A, 4 13b, 4 13 3 4 2 4 R 1k, 4 5k, ; R 1,,,,,,,
51,,, PN, 4 2 / V / A / s ES1A 400 0 75 1 5 E U1 400 0 35 0 4 E U01A 600 0 35 0 4 E U2 400 1 0 3 E U3A 600 1 5 0 4 E R A 400 1 0 4 ER B 600 1 0 3 R C2 2000 0 2 0 8 RU2 600 1 0 4 RU3A 800 1 5 0 2 RU4B 800 3 0 4 S5295G 400 0 5 0 4 SS120 600 1 0 4 RGP10 600 1 0 4 V O9C 200 0 8 0 4 1,, 0 4V, 4 14 N, N - 4 14,
52, N N -, N +,, 100V, 2, R 1,,,, 1 4 15 PN,, 4 3 10mA, 3 10mA,, 10mA 10 20mA, 4 15, a) b ) 2 : (1 ), R 1k
53 50 80k, 400 k,,,,,,, 4 3 CaAs P CaP CaP / V 1 5 1 7 2 3 2 3 / ma 10 10 10 / ma 50 50 50 (2 ) R 10k, 9V,,,, 4 16, 4 16, MF30, R 10, 250, 500,, 3mA, 500, R 10, 100, 7 5mA,,,
54 R 10,, R 1 1 4 17,, 2,,,, 4 17 4 18 R 10, 1 5V, K, R, K, G, K, R G,,,,, 4 18 1, 4 19,
55 PN,, 2 (1 ) :,, 4 19,,, R 1k,,, 15 40k, 500k ; 10k, ; (2 ) :,,, R 1k,,,, (3 ) : R 1k, 30k, 500 k,,,,,, 3,,,,,
56,,,,, 4 (1 ) : 4 20,,,, R 1k,,,, (2 ) : 4 21, 50 A (, ),,,, ( ),,,,,,,, 4 20 4 21 4 22, R 1k,,,,, 500,,,
57, 50 100,,, 4 22
, PN,, PN ( E ) (B) (C ) N P NPN, P N PNP 5 1 5 1, PNP NPN, 5 1 a) b )
59,, ( ),,, 1 5 2, 5 2 2,,, 5 1, 5 1 3 A PN P X D B N PN C PN P G A D N PN E, 3DG6 NPN, 3AD30C PNP,,,
60 3 : (1 ) :,, (2 ) : NPN PNP NPN, PNP PNP, N PN (3 ) : ( 3MHz) ( 3MHz) (4 ) : (5 ) : ( 1W ) ( 1W) 1,, N PN PNP,, 5 3 N PN, U C > UB > UE ; PNP, NPN, UC < UB < UE 5 3 2 N PN PNP, IE = IC + IB IB I C, IE Ic 3 5 4
61, IB = IB2 - IB1, IC = IC2 - I C1, = IC/ IB 5 4,, 30 100, ;,,,,,, 5 5 5 5 UCE
62, UBE I B 1 UCE = 0, RP1 UBE IB, A 5 6 3DG130 2 U CE = 1V, B UCE > 1V, UCE = 1V, U CE 5 6 3DG130 = 1V,, 0 5V, 0 2V, UBE 0 7V, UBE 0 3V IB, IC U CE 5 5, IB = 0 3mA RP2, IC U CE,, 5 7 RP1, IB, I C UCE,, 5 8,,, 5 7 I B = 0 3mA
63, IB, IB,,, 5 8,, 1 IB = 0 NPN, UB < UE,, IB = 0,, UB > UE, UBE < 0 5V ( ), IB, IB = 0,, IC EO,,, IB = 0, IC 0, 2, I C IB, IB, IC, IC UCE, IC = IB,, ( IB ), 3,, UCE ( UC E < U BE ), IC IB,,,
64 1,, UCE ( ),, = IC/ IB 2 hf E, U CE, I C, hf E = IC/ IB,, I CEO, hf E,,, 1 I E = 0 ICB O,, ICB O, ICB O 1, ICBO 10 2 IB = 0 ICE O, ( IB = 0),, I CEO I CBO ICE O = ( 1 + ) ICBO, I C = + I CEO, I CBO, ICE O, IC I CEO 1 ICM,, 2/ 3 IC < ICM, IC > ICM,, IC ICM,
65 IC M, ICM 2 IB = 0 U (B R) CE O,, U CE > U( BR) C EO, IC,,,,,, U (B R) CE O 3 PC M IC,, IC < ICM, UCE < U( BR) C EO, IC UCE > PC M, I CM < 1A PCM < 1W, 1, : (1 ) B: R 1k, ( ),, NPN,,,,,,,, PNP,,,,
66,,, PNP (2 ) : R 1k,, NPN,,,,,,,, 5 9 5 9 NPN a) b ) R B,,,,,,, IC, ( ),, IB, IC, ( ) PNP,,,, PNP hf E,, NPN PNP, h F E hf E,,
67 2 5 10, (47k ), 2 5V, 0 7V, 0 3V 5 10 3,, : BU EBO NPN, R 1k, e, b R 10k,, e b, ;, BUEB O, R 10k e b, 9V,,, PN P, E B,,, 4 I CEO, c e, I CEO : NPN, R 1k, c,
68 e,, IC EO PN P,,,, c e,,,,,,, 5,,,,,, 0 2 0 3V, 0 6 0 8V;, 2V, ( ), 5 11 5 11,,, 1 ICM > 1A PC M 1W,
69,,,,, 5 12 5 12 :, PN, ;, ;,, BU CES 0 5V;,, PCM 2, PN, ( I CBO I EBO I CE O ) R 1 k,,,, R 1 R 10,, ( ),,
,,,, S ( ) G ( ) D ( ),,,, UGS ID,,, : N P N P ( JFET ) ( MOSF ET ) N P 6 1 N ( P ) PN,, G;,, S D D S N ( P )
71, P D S N 6 1 a) N b ) P N, ( U GS = 0), U DS, 6 2a UDS ID U GS = 0, 0 ID 6 2 N a) U GS = 0 b ) U GS < 0 ( UGS < 0 ),, 6 2b
72 U GS,,,, ID ;,,,,, ID, PN, U GS ID, RD ID, U GS, U DS, 1 USD, U GS ID, 6 3 6 3 a) b ),, U GS, UGS = 0, IDSS ( ) ; U GS,,, ID ; U GS = U P, ID = 0, UP 2 ( ) U GS, ID U DS, 6 3b (1 ) : 6 3b U DS,
73 U GS, UDS, ID, N U GS ( U GS,, ID,, U GS, (2 ) :, 6 3b U GS, UDS, ID, ID U GS UGS ID,, U GS ID (3 ) : 6 3b U DS, PN, ID, ID, 1 IS S, U GS = 0 ( ) 2 UP, IDS = 0 3 RGS,, RGS 4 U( BR ) DS ID 5 gm, gm = I D UGS gm / V,,,, MOS, N P,
74 N MOS 6 4 P N, S D,, ( SiO2 ), G 6 4 N MOS a) N MOS b) N MOS c) N MOS, N N MOS U GS = 0,, ID = 0, 6 5a ; U GS > 0,,, ID, 6 5b U GS, U GS = 0, U DS, PN, ID = 0; UGS, SiO2,, U GS, P, ; U GS,, N,, N,, ID U GS UT,
75 6 5 N MOS a) U GS = 0 b ) U GS = U T U GS,,, ID, U DS, U GS,, ID N MOS 1 6 6a, U GS < UT, ID = 0; U GS > U T, U GS, ID U GS,, U GS ID ( ) 2 N, U GS N U GS, N MOS U GS, U GS > U T, 6 6b 1 U P,, ID = 0 2 UT,, U GS 3 RGS,
76 6 6 N MOS a) b ) 4 ( ) U( BR) DS ID 5 gm,, gm = I D UGS,,,,,,, SiO2,,, MOS,
77,,,, 1 R 100,,, ( ),,, N,, P,, ( ),,, 2 gm N hf E, NPN S E, D C, ( ), G B,,, gm G, ID, G B,,, ID 3 UP N, 220 F/ 16V, R 10 k,,,, 8s, ; 50V, 6 7
78, ; 6 7 R 10k, D, S,, ; S,, 10 200k, UP,,, 10V,,,,,, SiO2,,,,,,,,
,,,,,, 1 7 1a 7 1b, A K G 2 ( PNPN ) ( A K G), PN, P N A K, P G, 7 2, 7 3,, S 7 3a,,, S, 7 3b,,
80 7 1 a) b), S,,,, 7 3c,,,,, 7 2, : (1 ),,, (2 ),, (3 ),
81 7 3 a) b ) c), ;,,,,, ( ),
82 UDR M ( 100A 115, 50A 100 ),, URR M, U DR M U RR M, IT( A V) 40,,,, IH,,,, IH UGT, 6V, U G T 1 5V, IGT, 6V, IG T 7 1,
83 7 1 / A / V / V / m A CR1CMB 3 2 600 1 5 30 CR5 AS8 3 2 800 1 5 30 TF320HA 3 2 600 1 30 T F323MA 5 1 800 1 5 30 T IC106A 3 2 800 3 30 T IC106B 3 2 100 1 2 0 2 BT152 13 600 1 32,, ;,,,, G K PN, G A PN, A G R 100 R 1k,,,,,,,, 1 10A R 100, A, K, ( ) G A,,,,,,
84,, 2 10A,, :, R 1 ( ), A, K, G A,,, R 1,,, A K,,,,,,,, 7 4 7 4 a) b)
85 T1 T2 G, T1, T2 ; T2, T1 7 5 G T2 T1, T2, T2 T1, T2, T1, 7 5a 7 5 G T1 T2, T2, T2 T1, 7 5b G T1 T2, T1 T2, T1, T2, 7 5c G T2 T1, T1 T2, 7 5d T1 T2 T1 T2, G T1, T2, G T1 R 1, T2
86 T2 T1 G ( T1 ), T2,,, T1,,,,, R 1,
,,, 20 60,,,,, 1 (1 ),,, (2) P ( NPN ),,,,, (3 ) PN, 100pF,, 2 (1 ) :
88 (2 ) : ( MOS ) ( PNP NPN ), : P MOS, P MOS ; N MOS, NMOS ; P N MOS CMOS (3 ) : (4 ) : 100, 100 1000, 1000 100000, 1 8 1, 8 1
89 ; ; 2, 8 1 8 1 / C T T TL C 0 70 W H H TL E - 40 85 B E ECL R - 55 85 F C CMOS M - 55 125 D F P B J D K W T J M,, ( ),,,, 1, ; 8 2
90, 8 2 F001 F002 CF702 A702 PC51 L M702 F004 BE809 F003 F005 CF709 A709 PC55 L M709 F006 A741 F007 CF741 TA7504 F008 L M741 F010 F011 CF253 PC253 F012 F013 F030 F031 AD508 F032 F033 CF725 A725 F034 F050 F051 A772 F052 CF118 L M118 F054 F055 CF715 A715 F733 F1536 MC153 F072 CA3140 F124 CF124 L M124
91 2 8 2,,, 8 2, 3 8 3a,, Auo + ( P ), - ( N ) 8 3b 8 3 a) b),,,,,
92 1 A uo ( ) Uo ( Ui 1 - Ui 2 ), A uo = Uo/ Ui 1 - Ui 2 ) Auo,, 2 Uio ( Ui 1 = Ui 2 = 0 ),,, Uio,, 3 Iio,, Iio, 0 01 0 1mA, 4 IiB,, IiB = IiB 1 + IiB 2 )/ 2 1mA, Iio,, IiB 5 Uid m, 6 Uic m,,, 7 rid,, 8 U O PP,
93,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,
94,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, :, R 10 R 1,
95 ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,, 8 3 8 3 HA1124 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 7 5 8 5 0 159 15 4 9 2 20 10 2 5 5 13 8 10 18 35 / k 7 6 370 0 49 4 1 15 8 4 9 10 1 5 5 390 10 5 5 55 / V 2 1 9 0 0 10 5 0 6 5 5 3 3 7 3 8 0 4 6 5 5 1 5 HA11215 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 / k 18 37 20 4 5 6 3 7 7 1 6 10 36 0 36 / k 7 8 6 8 4 8 6 7 7 7 8 6 5 2 0 65 / V 5 2 4 6 4 5 0 8 4 6 3 4 3 5 4 6 6 2 1 8 0 8 5
96 ( ) 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 / k 3 3 9 1 16 5 11 4 10 5 11 11 5 13 18 12 35 / k 3 3 6 7 23 6 3 6 2 23 4 6 13 5 6 8 43 / V 4 6 4 5 1 8 0 0 6 4 6 5 3 2 12 3 12 5 8 2 HA11235 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 15 10 7 2 500 500 34 60 55 15 3 7 14 34 18 19 5 / k 13 10 7 3 45 11 9 5 80 14 5 3 8 9 6 6 8 12 / V 3 0 8 3 3 5 6 5 11 4 3 4 2 0 0 5 12 6 6 7 3 5 6 8 15 16 17 18 / k 24 37 0 / k 30 10 9 5 0 / V 12 7 1 4 1 5 0 HA11440 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 2 0 55 6 2 6 2 5 5 5 5 6 0 2 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 / k 2 0 24 4 5 4 5 24 12 4 8 0 2 9 12 13 5 13 5 12 / V 8 5 0 4 4 8 3 8 3 4 4 0 5 7 12 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 15 16 / k 6 / k 7 5 4 5 4 2 / V 4 4 4 HA11485BN T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 / k 13 5 0 15 8 20 8 25 11 3 11 5 10 3 10 15 2 10 33 38 8 7 19 / k 5 8 0 29 5 25 3 7 13 2 15 2 15 2 13 2 15 2 6 8 28 5 5 29 2 16 3 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 / k 13 5 9 5 9 6 37 33 33 11 8 7 8 6 9 2 7 8 150 150 24 3 70 / k 5 5 6 8 9 5 34 33 3 6 5 5 5 5 27 12 5 8 5 5 8 5 17 5
97 ( ) AN5435 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 10 5 0 7 5 10 6 2 8 4 9 1 4 3 / k 6 1 6 8 8 5 6 8 6 4 185 4 9 0 6 6 4 5 5 5 8 6 2 4 2 / V 5 4 2 1 2 1 5 2 0 1 8 9 0 1 5 9 4 6 6 5 15 16 17 18 / k 6 2 9 7 2 5 28 / k 4 5 6 6 5 100 / V 12 10 2 8 0 1 AN5612 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 6 8 2 14 15 9 4 9 5 11 11 4 11 5 0 11 9 6 10 11 / k 6 3 2 6 5 6 8 7 7 6 6 7 7 0 6 9 6 9 7 7 / V 1 5 1 10 7 9 0 0 2 2 5 2 4 2 5 0 9 3 3 5 9 5 9 5 15 16 17 18 / k 9 10 7 9 / k 7 7 5 6 9 / V 3 5 5 11 5 7 9 AN5622 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 6 9 8 8 11 8 8 6 9 6 4 6 7 6 5 6 5 8 2 6 5 7 2 / k 5 5 5 9 5 9 6 6 2 6 3 6 5 5 4 5 6 5 5 5 5 6 2 5 6 5 7 / V 5 4 4 4 8 7 8 7 5 7 3 0 1 2 5 2 4 10 10 8 8 3 2 3 1 15 16 / k 7 2 / k 7 2 5 2 4 / V 0 11 5
98 ( ) AN5250 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 5 9 13 10 10 5 20 39 120 500 7 9 10 2 7 9 6 4 8 5 / k 6 2 4 8 11 23 6 7 5 5 2 21 38 5 9 26 6 5 / V 4 4 13 10 5 5 13 15 8 5 0 8 5 8 2 7 6 8 2 2 15 16 / k 7 1 0 / k 9 5 0 / V 2 0 AN5132 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 20 0 5 7 42 40 40 0 6 0 55 0 6 0 6 42 / V 4 6 4 7 5 2 5 5 6 5 3 7 1 8 8 5 8 4 2 2 11 8 5 6 5 6 5 15 16 / k 40 0 45 / V 4 7 4 6 T A7680 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 8 4 7 5 8 4 0 8 5 6 8 7 5 7 5 6 8 10 0 15 15 / k 15 2 10 4 17 5 0 5 9 5 4 3 8 8 7 5 4 10 6 2 0 7 8 7 8 / V 4 2 2 5 7 4 0 3 5 4 7 4 4 4 5 4 7 5 5 5 4 0 6 7 5 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 / k 7 9 85 8 5 8 4 5 2 8 4 7 5 8 2 10 6 / k 6 2 14 5 5 5 5 5 14 5 3 7 6 6 7 6 6 2 / V 3 5 3 9 7 6 7 6 3 9 12 3 9 4 4 4 7 4 6 T A7698 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 / k 9 5 6 6 9 2 9 5 4 8 15 4 9 2 11 4 11 2 14 2 0 11 6 4 28 / k 7 2 3 8 5 3 6 2 4 8 5 9 6 2 6 6 6 8 5 5 0 5 9 6 6 7 2 / V 4 2 12 3 6 3 6 1 2 6 2 5 5 5 3 6 9 6 9 0 5 9 8 9 3 1
99 ( ) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 / k 7 9 8 6 5 7 3 6 8 5 9 2 15 13 2 11 3 4 9 2 11 6 10 7 9 / k 6 7 5 8 6 8 5 8 6 7 7 2 7 2 70 6 2 3 5 7 2 7 2 6 3 8 2 / V 3 1 7 5 3 7 7 5 3 8 6 9 6 9 6 9 5 5 0 8 3 6 6 2 5 9 0 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 / k 15 4 8 2 0 4 6 7 4 20 7 8 12 4 9 5 20 11 4 13 3 / k 6 7 7 9 0 5 5 3 8 6 4 7 5 57 6 5 7 2 6 2 6 8 6 2 / V 2 8 0 2 0 0 8 3 4 5 3 9 1 5 0 1 0 3 2 7 1 6 8 7 9 M51354 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 / k 2 4 6 2 7 0 5 1 2 0 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 0 11 0 5 8 8 5 / k 2 5 6 2 6 0 5 1 2 0 6 8 8 8 7 0 6 5 0 5 16 5 / V 4 6 5 11 0 0 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 0 4 4 11 6 6 5 4 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 / k 9 4 6 5 5 5 8 5 8 1 4 1 4 9 8 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 2 6 8 5 / k 7 4 7 5 6 6 5 7 1 4 1 4 6 5 12 6 5 6 5 12 2 6 6 4 / V 6 4 9 4 4 4 6 4 4 5 3 2 3 2 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4 7 9 4 PC1423CA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 / k 0 0 8 2 8 2 3 7 7 0 8 8 5 4 7 4 7 4 7 0 42 7 5 8 / k 0 0 7 7 22 7 7 5 0 7 5 8 4 5 5 0 4 7 5 7 5 / V 0 0 4 2 7 4 6 6 4 2 3 9 0 3 9 7 2 6 7 6 7 6 7 11 4 9 5 9 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 / k 5 6 8 5 5 8 5 9 1 3 0 0 0 6 5 26 30 26 28 28 / k 5 6 7 5 5 7 5 7 1 3 0 0 0 7 7 5 8 7 5 8 7 5 / V 8 5 8 5 5 5 5 0 4 3 5 1 8 0 0 0 0 4 6 8 7 1 3 2 4 6 4 6 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 / k 7 8 29 26 27 27 17 0 7 9 8 8 5 2 2 1 6 9 8 2 / k 6 5 7 5 8 7 5 8 4 5 0 7 13 7 8 8 2 2 1 8 7 8 7 5 / V 9 0 0 45 2 1 7 2 11 1 15 1 45 4 2 2 4 8 6 9 2 5 3 7 5
100,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, 1, 0, ; 0, 1 8 4 8 4 Y = A B C Y = A + B + C Y = A Y = A B C Y = A + B + C A B C Y Y Y Y Y 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
101 TTL,, : 1 U O H ( ) U O H 3 6V 2 UO L U OL 0 35V 3 IIS, 4 IIH, II H 5 U O N, US L,, U O N < 1 8V 6 U O FF US H (3 2V), UO F F 0 8V 7 N, N I IS II H,, NII S NII H 8 I E1 I E2 I E1, ; I E2, I E 1 I E 2,, I E 1 I E2 EC,
102 9 tpd 8 4 ui uo,, trd, tfd tpd, tpd = 1 2 ( trd + tfd ) DTL HTL, 8 4 TTL 8 5,, 8 5 TTL U OH V, 3 2 3 6 I I S ma,, 2 2 1 4 U OL V 1 8V, NI I S, 0 35 N 1 8 V, 0 35V 8 U ON V 1 8V, U o < 0 35V, N = 8, 1 8 1 4 U OFF V 1 8V, U o > 2 7V, 0 8 1 0 P ON m W, 50 32 I IH ma 5 V,, 70 1 10 t pd ns 3 V, f = 2M Hz, N = 8 40 t pd, 3V 2MHz
103 DTL ( ) TTL ( ) HTL ( ) I 2 L ( ), 8 6 8 6 D TL T TL H TL I 2 L / mw 6 8 < 50 60 90 0 005 0 1 / ns 50 200 10 40 80 180 15 20 / N 6 10 15 15 / V 5 5 15 > 0 8 TTL 1 U O H 8 5,, 3 2V, 3 2V, ; 2 U O L 8 6 N = 8, 1 4mA, UCC - U OL R = 1 4 8 10-3 5-0 35 = = 415 1 4 8 10-3, U OL, U OL 0 35V, 0 35V, 8 5 U OH 8 6 UOL
104 3 IIS 8 7, IIS 1 5mA, 1 5mA, 4 IIH 8 8, 70 A, 8 7 I IS 8 8 I I H 5 U O N 8 9 R L U OL V1 V2, G, 1 5 2 5V 8 9 U ON
105, G, V2 0 35V, V1 U O N, UO N 1 8V, 1 4V 6 UO F F 8 10 G, 0 5 1 2V, R = 2 7k, V1 V2 V2 2 7V, V1 U OF F G 0 8V, V2 2 7V, U OF F 0 8V, 1V 8 10 U OF F
,,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 9 1 9 2a Co, ; C1
107 9 1 a) b) 9 2 a) b), 10-4 10-2 pf ; R1,, ; L1, 9 2b 3,,, fs = 1 2 L 1 C1
108 fp =, 2 L1 1 Co C1 Co + C1 f < fs f > f P,, f S < f < f P,, CS, CS C1, CS,,, Q = L 1 C1 R1,,, 4 9 1, 9 2,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) 9 1 A B C J K R S 9 2 A B C D W X Y AT BT C T DT Y R 10k,,,
109, 2000pF,, 1, ;, ; ( ),, ;,,,,, ( SAWF ),, 1 SAWF 9 3, SAWF,, 2 SAWF 9 3 ui,, ui,, 9 3
110,,, uo, fi f o ( b a c ( 9 4 ), fi,,, fi, 9 4,, SAWF, SAWF,, 3 SAWF 9 5 SAWF 9 5, 9 6,, Q,, 4 SAWF, 9 6 SAWF 9 7a, 9 7b 5 SAWF 9 8, 6 SAWF 9 3 SAWF
111 9 7 SAWF 9 8 SAWF 9 3 / db / db / db / db / db EFC 37M V270-4 1-6 1-20 2-40 - 40 FI LC0119CE - 5 1 5-6 2-20 1-40 - 40 R FI LC0071CE - 5 5 1 5-4 1-10 5 1-40 - 35 E X0050 ES - 4 1-4 1-10 5 1-40 - 35 LBN48H4-4 1-6 1-20 2-40 - 40 LBN38S1-5 5 1 5-4 2-10 5 3-40 - 40
112 1 SAWF,, R 10k,,,, 0 2 R 10k,,,,,, SAWF SAWF,,, 1000pF SAWF,,,, SAWF SAWF,, SAWF,, SAWF, Q 1 9 9a, 9 9b, 9 9
113, VCD DVD,, 6 5MHz 6 5MHz 4 43MHz 2 9 10,, Q 9 10,, 6 5MHz a) b) Q LC 1,,,, R 10k,,,,, 2 R 10k,,,,,,,,,, :,
114 PAL,, 1 9 11a 2 9 11, 9 11 a) b) 9 12 : PAL,, 63 94325 s ( 64 s, ) 9 12,,,,,, ( 17 6cm), 64 s
115,, R 10k,,,,,, Y 1 9 13a, 9 13b,, 0 33 s 0 4 s 0 5 s 0 6 s 0 78 s, 9 13 a) b),,,,,, 1 0k 1 2k 1 5k 1 6k 1 8k 2,,
116,,,,,,,, 3 9 14, R 10 1 2,, 30 40 ( ) 3 1 2 9 14, R 10k 1 3 2 3 3 1 2,,, 1 9 15,,, ( ),, 9 15 a) b),
117, 120dB,,, 2 2 5V,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1,,, 9 16, 9 16,,, 1 5 2 5kHz, 6 15V, 2,, ( ),,,,,,,,,
( ) ( ),, 1 10 1, 2 10 1, 10 2, 3 10 1,,,,,,, 10 1,
119 10 2, 10 1 PC817 PC818 PC810 PC812 PC507 TLP521 TL P621 TLP632 TLP532 TLP519 TLP509 PC504 PC614 PC714 TLP503 TLP508 T LP531 PC503 PC613 4 N25 4 N26 4 N27 4 N28 4 N35 4 N36 4 N37 TI L111 T IL114 T I L115 T I L117 TLP631 TL P535 1 ( ) ( ),, : R 1k R 100,,, R 10k,
120 1 5 2 3V, R 10k 9V,,, 2,,,, R 1,,,, R 100,,,,,, R 100,,,, R 100 ( ), LED LED,, LED LED, 10 3 a g 7, DP 3 8,, LED ( 10 3b), 8 ( ), LED,,,,,
121,, LED, LED, 10mA/,, 10 3 LED LED LED,, 1 LED,, LC5012 11S ( ) LED, 10 4, LED,,, 10 4 LED LC5012 11S 2
122 10 5, + + - 1 + 1-1 + -, A Z 26 10 5 LED LED 1 LED R 1 1 5V, 10 6 LED 1,, LED ( 2 10 ) 3 8 10 6 LED, LED, 3 8, LED LED LED, 2 LED 10 6, ( 3 8 ),,,,,, R 10k LED
123 LED, : R 10k, 3 8,,, ( ),,,, LED, 2 4 5 6 7 9, 3 8, LED 10 7 R 10k, LED 10 7,,,,, ( LCD ), ( ),, ( 32Hz 50Hz, 30 100Hz), 10 8 10 8
124,,,,,, ( ) 10 9 ( ),, 1 4, 1 R 10 k 10 9,,,,, ;,,, : (1 ),,,,,, (2 ), R 10k, (3 ) R 10k 9 15V,
125 1 5V,, 40 60 k (4 ),,, (5 ),, 6B,,, 2 3V ( 1 5V ), ( ),, R 10k, 1m, 220V, 50Hz ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
126 10 10 10 10 a) b) 1,,,, (1 ) H :,,, 6 3V 12V
127, (2 ) K:,,,,,,, 45 180V, ( KR ) ( KG ) ( KB ) (3 ) G1 :,, 0 60V, (4 ) G2 :,, G1, (5 ) G3 :,, (6 ) H V:,,,,,, 27 34kV, 2 54cm ( 1in), 1kV 2,,,,, 3,,, X 1 R 1, 10, 2 R 10k,
128 3 DY 0 2 0 5mm R 1,,,,,,, 10 2, 10 2 DY DY / mh / / mh / ( ) DC01 2 07 1 9 30 12 6 DC02 2 07 1 9 120 51 DC03 2 07 1 9 31 7 14 9 51SX102Y22 DC04 2 07 1 9 120 60 DC01 DC31 1 93 2 2 108 58 DC02 DC32 1 93 2 2 28 5 14 5 51SX105Y22 51SX106Y22 KY7398 1 8 2 23 5 2 5 510USB22 ( ) KY7457 TP 1 5 1 5 26 6 9 6 510WZB22 ( TSB) KY100280 1 48 1 77 31 14 2 510YUB22 ( ) KY10071 S 2 7 3 7 29 5 14 ( R CA) KY10128 N 1 65 2 46 110 55 A48AD E00X ( PECG) TC01 1 71 1 8 27 5 13 6 510L AB22 TC01 TC01 1 71 1 8 110 52 510RJB22 ( ) TC02 ( C) 2 39 3 2 28 7 13 8 510ABWB22 ( ) TC02 ( C) 1 93 2 24 31 14 510YUB22 ( ) TL Y5383 F 1 77 2 02 105 53 510WXB22 ( ) TL Y5384 F 1 78 1 82 200 103 19V JF P22 ( RCA)
129 ( ) DY DY / mh / / mh / ( ) TL Y5455 F 1 17 1 16 80 26 510 T NB22 ( M EC) TL Y15332 F 1 55 1 62 90 50 510U EB22 ( TSB) TL Y15376 F 2 14 2 49 34 8 10 6 510ZTB22 ( M EC) TL Y16324 F 1 32 1 37 29 6 13 1 19VMR P22 ( P ) TL Y16392 F 1 79 2 62 35 1 14 6 A48JCD00X ( M EC) TL Y16332 F 1 64 2 35 36 17 5 510YWB22 ( TSB) TL Y16368 F 1 77 1 65 30 5 12 4 510JB22 ( ME C) ( Y) TC02CY 1 89 2 29 2 13 6 510U FB22 ( Y) ( ) 05 2 45 3 6 111 56 A51J U L91X 05C 1 85 2 18 24 6 10 4 A51J FC01X ( ) DC05 2 45 3 6 32 5 14 54SX501Y22 DC06 2 45 3 6 26 14 54SX503Y22 KY10022 P 1 8 2 25 24 9 12 A51JAR60XC ( TSR) 4,, :, 6 5V, R 1k, 10 11 10k,, 10 100k, 10 11,
130 100 k,, 200k,,,,, 10 12, 10V, 6V,, 5min,, 6 3V, R 1k,, 10k, 10k,, 10V, 10V, 10 12,,, 8 10V, 6 8, 2 / 2W,, 5 (1 ) :,
131,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ( ),,,,, 6 3V, 220V, 6 3V,,,,,, 10 13 10 13 (2 ) :,,,,,,
132,,, 200 F 450V, 110V ( 110V ),,, 110V, (, 220V 300V ),,,,,, 6, (1 ) :, R 1,, (2 ) :,,,, 6 3V (, 6 3V ) R 1k,, ( 200k ) (3 ) :,,, (4 ) :,,,,, 6 3V,, R 10k, 400k,, 7, :
133 (1 ) :,, (2 ) :,,, (3 ) :,,,,,,
,,,,,,, 1 11 1a 2 11 1b 11 1c 11 1d 11 1 a) b ) c) d )
135 1 : (1 ) :, (2 ) :,, (3 ) :,, 2 : (1 ) :,,,, (2 ) :, (3 ) :,, 1 1kHz, 0 1mA 2 50Hz, 0 1mA 3 315Hz 25 10-8 Wb/ m,, 0 2 0 8mV 4 315Hz 0dB,, 5,,
136 315Hz, 25 10-8 Wb/ m, 40 100 A 6, - 10-20dB, 315Hz 0dB,, 7 1kHz,,,, 0 5 1dB, 0 3 0 8mA 8 9 315Hz,,,, 10,, 3dB 11 60 %,, 1, 1 3 m,, m,,, 2,,,,, 3,
137 4 : (1 ) :,, (2 ) :,,,,,,,, (3 ) :, 500 1000 h,, 5 100 500, 10, 200 300,,, 6 R 10k,,,,,,, 7 ( R 1 R 10 ),, ( ), : (1 ) R 10, ( ) (2 ) R 100, (3 ) R 1k,
138,,, ( ),,, 11 2,,,, 0 3 m 1,,,,, 11 2, VHS 1000h,,,,, 2 ( 25 45 m),, 10 25 m, 10 m,, 3,, R 100, R 10k,,,,
139,,, 11 3, I, B, I B U H 11 3 a) b) c) 11 1 11 1 K H R 1 / R 2 / / ( mv/ ma T ) I/ ma t/ HS 1 0 01 1 2 1 > 1 200-40 60 H T 1 0 003 0 01 0 8 0 5 > 1 8 250 0 40 HZ 4 0 4 0 5 45 40 > 4 50-40 75 HZ 1 0 8 1 2 110 100 > 12 20-40 45
140 1 R1 R2 11 4, HZ R 10, HT R 1,,,, 11 4 a) b ) 2 11 5 1 R 1 ( R 10, ),, 2 2 5V, U H, 2 2, K H,, 2, N S 11 5
,, 12 1 12 1 a) b),,,,,,,,
142,,,,,,, 1, 1 2 0 1W 0 25W 1 W 3W 5W 10W 12 5 W 60W,,,, 2, Z = U/ I,,, 3 ( 0 1VA 1m ), 2 10 5 4 10 5 Pa 4,,,, 12 2 A1, A2 A1 A2,, 12 2, (
143 300 3000Hz ) 1 R 1,, 12 3,,,,,, 12 3 2 R 1, Z = R 1 17, 3 4, Z = 3 4 1 17 = 3 97, 4 3,,,, 12 4 50 A 100 A,,,,,, 12 4,,,, 12 5,
144,,,, 12 5,,,,,, 12 6,,,,, 12 6, 20 2 30 2 a) b), R 1,,,,,,
145,,, R 1,,,,,, 1 12 7a,,,,, 1k 12 7 a) b )
146 2,, 12 7b 1 12 8 R 100,, 500 3k, ;, 2 12 9, R 100, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,, 12 8 12 9,,
147, 1mA, 50 A 12 10,,,, 12 10,,,, R 100 ( ),, 12 10 1 12 11,,,,,,, 200 2,,,
148 12 11 a) b ), ( ),
1 :, 2000 2 :, 2003 3 :, 1990