JT 00 00 ( a +) ( a ) a + ( 0 ) a 0 a ( 0 ) a a ( 0 ) a a ( 0 ) a a ( 0 ) a b log a b log a log a b log a log a b log a log a b log a log a d b b b b

JT 00 00 00 ( 6 ) ( 0 ) 6. 0 00 () 70 () 7 () 80 () 8 () 90 0 00 E() 0 00 70 (). ( ) ( +) ( ) ( ) () ( +) () ( ) () ( )(+) () ( ) ( +) () ( )( +) ( ) ( +) ( ) ( ) ( ) [( ) ]( ) [( ) ]( ) ( )[ ( ) ( )] [( ) ( )] ( )() ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( +) ( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ). ( a +) ( a ) a b = log a b b b 0 () () () () () ( a +) ( a ) log log ( a+) log log ( a ) 0 0 log a+ a b + log b+ b b + b b b

JT 00 00 ( a +) ( a ) a + ( 0 ) a 0 a ( 0 ) a a ( 0 ) a a ( 0 ) a a ( 0 ) a b log a b log a log a b log a log a b log a log a b log a log a d b b b b b b () y y. ( )( ) 0 ( y) () () () () () y y y y ( )( ) 0 0 0 y (i) 0 y 0 y (ii) 0 y 0 y 0 ( y) (0 0) (i)(ii) y 0 y 0 (). () 7 7 () 0 0 () 00 0 0 () log. () log. () 7 6 9 7 7 87 7 7 7 7log.97 log 7. () 0 0 0 log 6.990 log 0 () 00 ( 0 ) 0 0 0 ( 0 ) 0 000 0 00 log 0.0 0 log 0 0 (). log. log 8 log log. 8 ( ) (). log. log 8 log log log. 8 ( ) ()

JT 00 00 6. 0 60 ( %).00 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.070 0.090 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.090 0.070 0.090 0.060 0.079 0.09 0.9 0.890 0.0 0. 0.6 0.66 0.7 0.08 0.09 0.98 0.88 0.80 0.799 0.79 0.8 0.86 0.9 0.0 0.90 0. 0.9 0.7 0.96 0.0 0.7 0.779 0.9 0.7 0.96 0.0 0.886 0.66 0.679 0.79 0.77 0.89 0.887 0.99.068.8.9.0.8.8.7 6 0. () 0.0 () 0.6 () 0.7 () 0.08 () 0.09 () 0. 0.09 0.0 0.0 0.08 0. 0.7 0.6 0.66 0.90 0.6 ( ) 7 7. O B 0 + i i OB () cos 60 () cos0 +si 0 () i () + i () (cos0 + i si 0 ) () cos 60 P( 0) () cos0 +si 0 Q () i i cos( 7 0 ) i si( 7 0 ) R () + i i cos 60 0 i si 60 0 S () (cos0 i si 0 ) ()()() + cos 70 0 i si 70 0 cos 0 0 i si 0 0 T O S Q B T 0 P R

JT 00 00 8. siθ cos θ 0 () taθ 0 () ta θ () si θ cos θ () siθ 0 9 () θ θ siθ cos θ 0 θ θ () taθ 0 () ta θ 9 () si θ 9 cos θ () siθ siθ cosθ 0 9 9 (,-) 7π 7π () θ π θ π θ θ ()() cosθ cos θ si θ 9 9 0 () siθ 0 9 9. O(0 0) ( 0) B(0 ) OB () () y = () y = () y = () + y = 6 () OB 90 0 B y ( ) y(y ) 0 y y 0 B ( ) y () B y () (k k) O OB B O(0 0) (k k) y = (k k) ()() a bb kk a abk ( ) y = 0. w v ( ) () w ( ) ( ) () v w v w () v w w () u a v bw a b u a + b () ( 0) c v dw c d c 0 Q O a P R a Q k O k P R b b

JT 00 00 () w ( y) ( y) ( ) y 0 w + y v y ( y) ( ) ( ) () v w ( ) ( ) v w v w v w w v w v w v v w v w v w v w () v w w () u a v bw a v ab v w b w 9a 0 9b 9(a b ) u a + b () ( 0) c( ) d( ()()() = c + d = c d 0 = c d 0 = c + d ) ( 0) c( ) d( ) c 0 9. () () y ( ) () y () ( ) y y 6 () 9 () () () () y - () y ()(). S ( ) (y ) (z ) ( 0 0) B( 0 0) () S () S () B S () B () S y yz z y ()(0 0 0) S (0 ) (0 ) (0 ) S () ( 0 0) S ( ) (0 ) (0 ) S () B( 0 0) S () (0 ) (0 ) 7B S S B S B S

JT 00 6 00 = t B y = 0 0 t S ( t ) (0 ) (0 ) t ± z = 0 0 t t B S (0 0 0) () B P( t 0 0) t R B d ( 0 0) PS d (t) ( 0 0) 0 t 0 P( 0 0) 0 + 0 + 0 () S() y (z 0) S(,,) B P d (,0,0) + 0 + 0 0 S() yz ( 0) 0 + + 0 0 S() z (y 0) S y ( ) ()()(). f () ( )( ) () f ( ) 0 () f () () f () () f () () f (a) f ( a) () f ( ) ( )( ) ( ) 0 () f () 0 0 0 0 f () () f () 0 ( ) () f () 0 ( ) 0 0 () f (a) a a f ( a) ( a) ( a) a a f () f ( a) f (a) ()

JT 00 7 00 ( ). G ( ).. a r a r 7 a r a a = r = r a = 7 a r 7 = r a a a a a 6a + 7 7 a r r ( r) + ( r) r r r 6 a a ( r) 7( r) r a 8 r 8 6 6 B. BD BE 6 cot EB cot ED 6 () cot EB EB B BE () BE E + ( 6) 7 7 DE cot ED 6 B D B(0 0 0) ( 0 0) D( 0 ) E(0 6 0) E ( 6 0) ED ( 6 ) E ED cos ED E ED 9 7 7 7 7 7 cot ED 7 E 6 B 7 D

JT 00 8 00. 0 (S) (0 ) 7! () 0 0 0 9 ( ) (0 ) 0!! ( ) 0 P() 90 ( S ) 7 9 P()P( ) P( ) 90 9 0 0 8 7 7 90 9 D. BD B B D D 7 DB BD 90 0 () DB BD 90 0 BD B D B θ () B θ D π θ + B cos θ 7 + D cos(π θ) cos θ 7 + 7 + 7 7 π-θ D E. B B B 66 8 B B y z B ( ) 9y 6z B ( ) 9y 6z (9y) 6z 66 y z (y) z ( ) y z (y) z 8

JT 00 9 00 + 8y + 6z = 66 = + 6y + z = y = + y + z = 8 z = y F. E a ( a 0) ( 0) ( 0) E ( 0) b E E a () E c a b 9 a E y y E : + = () a b E y ±6 ( 6) ( E : y = 9 6 + = a b 9(a 9) 6a a (a 9) a 7±8 a = b + 9 a 7 ± 8 7 ± 6 8 ± 9 ± a ( a ) G. H y z H P() O ( ) ( ) () d ( a b) H ( ) d ( a b) ( ) 0 a b () P O OP d (,-,) O(0,0,0) OP d () ( a b) 0 a b a b = a = () d ( ) Q a + b = b = H P d (,a,b) y z () d ( a b) b a P ( y z) P (tatbt ) t R OP d (tatbt ) ( a b) 0 (t ) a(at ) b(bt ) 0 t 0 ( P P) a b () P() d ( a b) Q( ab ) Q H Q H (a ) (b ) a b

JT 00 0 00 a b = a = () d ( ) a + b = b =

JT 00 00. a b ± b ac b c 0 a. P ( y ) P ( y ) P ( ) + ( y y P ) y y. ( y ) ( y ) m a( r ). a r S r r. si( B) si cos B si B cos cos( B) cos cos B si si B si si B si 6. B a b c B c a b ab cos 7. z r(cosθ i siθ) z r (cos θ i si θ) 8. M( X ) ( ) i i= ( ) S i= ( i X ) (( i ) X ) i= 9...7.6 6.9 π. 0. log0 0.00 log 0 0.77 log 0 0.6990 log 0 7 0.8