ln(p/p 0 )1/T ln(p/p 0 )=- v H m /RT+b=-A/T+b
v H m dn/dt dn/dt t±0.05
t = t/+(273.15 + t/)/10 (101325-P/Pa)/101325 78.15 95.57% 95% 95.57% CaO Ca(OH) 2 α α α α α αα
α t α α αα αα α αα α αα α α α α α καα αα αα αα αα αα αα αα t α αα k/k=[aexp(-ea/rt 2 )-Aexp(-Ea/RT 1 )]/[Aexp(-Ea/RT 1 )]=[-Ea/R(1/T 2-1/T 1 )]-1 mol R=8.314J K mol α α NaOH κ NaOH NaOH NaOH NaOH CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 NaOH k
x dx/dt=k(a-x)(b-x) NaOH k=[1/t(a-b)]ln[b(a-x)/a(b-x)] NaOH + CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 = CH 3 COONa + CH 3 CH 2 OH t=0 a b 0 0 t=t a-x b-x x x t= a-b 0 b b k 0 =aa 1 k =ba 2 +A 1 (a-b) k t =A 1 (a-x)+a 2 x x=b(k 0 -k t )/(k 0 -k )2 k=[1/t(a-b)]ln[a(k 0 -k )-b(k 0 -k t )]/a(k t -k ) k NaOH NaAc t=0 a b 0 0 t=t a-x b-x x x t= 0 b-a a a k 0 =aa 1 k =aa 2 k t =A 1 (a-x)+ A 2 x x=a(k 0 -k t )/(k 0 -k )2 k=[1/t(b-a)]ln[b(k 0 -k )-a(k 0 -k t )]/b(k t -k ) k NaAc b CH 3 CH 2 OH ln[b(k 0 -k )-a(k 0 -k t )]/b(k t -k ) t k 10-5 cm CO 2 k w 10-6 cm 10-3 cm k=(1/t)[x/a(a-x)] NaOH
NaOH NaAc OH - Ac - OH - k=(k 0 -k t )/kat + k k t (k 0 -k t )/t m=1/ka k=1/ma k NaOH NaOH NaOH CO 2 NaOH t 1/2 =1/ka -1-1 E=φ -φ =φ - RT/nFlna ne /a oe -φ φ =E + RT/nFlna ne /a oe +φ
Zn Zn H + Zn H 2 Zn Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2 AgClAgClAgNO 3 0.1M p
p () p p=2γ/r p p p p Γc Γ c Γ=Γ (Kc/1+Kc) Kc<<1 Γ=Γ KcΓ c Kc>>1 Γ=Γ
± η=aexp(ea via /RT) lnη=lna+ Ea via /RT Ea via η η ± ηηηηη η r =η/η 0 dη r =(η 0 dη-ηdη 0 )/η 0 2, dη r /η r = dη /η+ dη 0 /η 0 = 2 dη 0 /η 0 2 dη 0 /η 0 =0.2% dη 0 /dt=0.02mpa s K -1 0.1%η 0 dt=±0.1%η 0 /0.02 = ±0.05η 0 η 0 0.9mPa s dt ±0.05K [η]=km α α α ηη η η ηη α
V =V )χ m =χ m (m -m /m -m )M /m κ ζ ) ζ
2H + +2e=H 2 2H 2 O=H 2 +2OH -1-2e2H 2 O=O 2 +4H + +4e 2 Cl - -2e = Cl 2 AgIFe(OH) 3 KCl FeCl 3 FeCl 3 +3H 2 O Fe(OH) 3 +3HCl Fe(OH) 3 + HCl FeO + Cl - + H 2 O FeO + Cl - FeO + + Cl - FeO + Cl - 1998