EE110300 Lecture 11 (Wireless Communications Systems)
Contents
( ) (RF) (Antenna) m(t) m(t)
90 50 40 30 20 10 0 ( ) 10
300 330 0 30 60 270 90 240 210 180 150 120
(LAN) (VSAT ) (Pager) (Cellular Phone) (Coreless Phone) (Mobile Data) (Trunked Radio)
( ) (High Tier) ( ) ( ) (Low Tier) ( )
(simplex) (Paging System) ( ) ( half-duplex) (Dispatch) (full-duplex) (Frequency Division Duplex, FDD) (Time Division Duplex, TDD) A B A B A B A B B A A B B A F1 F2 T1 T4 FDD ( ) TDD ( )
(Propagation Loss) (Multipath Propagation Effect) (Shadowing Effect) (Fast Fading Effect) (Delay Spread)
P r = P t K R -n (Free Space) n 2 n 3~4 n 2 P t R P r
(Multipath Propagation Effect)
(Shadowing Effect) (Slow Fading) 20dB
(Fast Faging Effect) (Rayleigh) (Ricean) Nakagami
(standard deviation) (Delay Spread) Open Area < 0.2 µs Suburban 0.5 µs Urban 3 µs
3 3 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 2
4 4 4 3 1 3 1 4 2 4 2 4 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 4 2 4 2 3 1 3 1 2 2
7 4 5 3 1 6 4 5 5 2 7 3 1 1 6 4 5 2 7 4 7 1 5 3 6 2 1 4 7 6 5 3 4 2 1 2 7 3 1 6 2 7
External telephony and data communications system SS VLR AUC HLR EIR BSS: Base Station System SS: Switching System AUC: Authentication Center HLR: Home Location Register BSS VLR: Visitor Location Register EIR: Equipment Identity Register MSC: Mobile Switching Center BSC: Base Station Controller BTS: Base Transceiver Station MS: Mobile Station OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center MSC BSC BTS MS OMC information call and information
(Personal Communication Services, PCS) (Terminal Mobility) ( ) (Wireless Communication Network) (Service Profile Management) ( ) (Intelligent Network)
(Personal Mobility) ( ) (Cellular phone) PCS PCN (Personal Communication Network)
Cellular GSM 880 890 915 925 935 960 MHz GSM Band GSM Extended Band AMPS/IS-95/IS-136 824 825 845 849 869 870 890 894 MHz AMPS Band AMPS Extended Band
PCS 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 MHz 1710 1735 1760 1785 1805 1830 1855 1880 DCS-1800 FCC PCS Plan A D B EF C A D B EF C 1850 1910 1930 1990 DECT 1880 1900 PHS 1895 1918
PCS 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000MHz 1710 1750 1805 1845 1883 1906 1755 1785 1850 1880 1930 1960 1895 1918 DCS-1800 Reserved Unlicensed CAS
AMPS GSM GSM 940 955 960 (MHz) 895 910 915 (MHz) AMPS ( ) 870 890 (MHz) 825 845 (MHz)
DCS1800 512 567 568 623 624 679 680 735 1710.1M Hz 1721.3M Hz 1732.5M Hz 1743.7M Hz 1754.9M Hz I (56) II (56) III (56) IV (56) 100kHz 1710~1710.1M Hz Up-Link 512 567 568 623 624 679 680 735 1805.1MHz 1816.3MHz 1827.5MHz 1838.7MHz 100kHz 1754.9~1755M Hz 1849.9MHz Band 1: Band 2: Band 3: Band 4: I (56) II (56) III (56) IV (56) 100kHz 1805~1805.1MHz Down-Link 100kHz 1849.9~1850MHz
(PCS) (High Tier) AMPS GSM/DCS CDMA.. (Low Tier) DECT PACS PHS.. Globalstar Iridium Oddsey.. EDACS
AMPS TACS NMT IS-54/IS-136 GSM900/DCS1800 CDMA(IS-95) PCS1900 PDC WCDMA cdma2000 UWC-136 TD/SCDMA..
( GSM) ( DECT) 20mErl/sub 200mErl/sub (e.g. 9.6kbps) (e.g. 32kbps) / /
(Low Earth Orbit, LEO) Iridium Globalstar
Iridium Local (International) Network
(Hierarchical) Satellite Low Tier High Tier
Mobile end system Mobile data base station Destination
(virtual connection) (store and forward) Mobile end system Mobile data base station Destination
( ) ( ) Channel Pool User Group 1 User Group 2 Portable Computer
(Wireless Local Loop, WLL or WiLL) ( )
IMT-2000 1 st generation Analog speech NMT, AMPS, TACS 2 nd generation Digital speech + medium-rate data (<64 kbps) GSM, D-AMPS IS-136, PDC, IS-95 3 rd generation Multimedia services (<2 Mbps) as well as 2G services cdma2000, WCDMA 1980 1990 2000
(International Telecommunications Union, ITU) 2000 5
Bits/sec 1 M Internet/ intranet Access Video High Quality 100 k 10 k Voice Video Image Text Medium Quality Slow Scan/ Pictures 1k
IMT-2000 IMT-2000 2 Mbps 384 kbps 144 kbps 9.6 kbps IMT-2000 (Mega Cell) 100 ~ 500 km (Macro Cell) 35 km (Micro Cell) 1 km (Pico Cell) 50 m
GPS Satellite Wireless Antenna GPS Antenna GPS & Wireless Antenna Wireless Transceiver MS Partial GPS Receiver Location Calculator Location-Based Services GPS Assisting Message Network System Data GPS Receiver
02 12 34 02-12345678 0935 0932 0935-123456 02 07 ISDN/GSM 02-1234567 PSTN 02-12345678 02-12345678
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Client WML WML- Script WTAI Etc. WSP/WTP WAP Gateway WML Encoder WMLScript Compiler Protocol Adapters HTTP Web Server CGI Scripts etc. Content WML Decks with WML-Script