45 6 2002 11 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol. 45, No. 6 Nov., 2002 [ ] 0001-5733 (2002) 06-0880 - 11 [] P313 H. Kern T. Popp (, 230026) (, 24098) [ ],,., 19, 3,.,,,.,30 %,. [],,,,. 1,, [1 3 ]., [4,5 ]. [5 ], 0. 5 %,2. 5 %( 0. 005) ; 2 %, 9 %( 0. 024). (0. 03 0. 04) [4 ],.,.,.,.,,.,( ), [6 9 ] [10 12 ] ; ( Q ) [ ] 2001-05 - 31,2002-02 - 19. [ ] (49874042) (98491008). [ ],,1964,1991,,. E2mail : liub @ustc. edu. cn
6 : 881 [13,14 ] ; [5,15,16 ],., 19,. 2,V P V S ( ) [4,5 ] : = 1 2 1-1 ( V P ΠV S ) 2-1. (1) 3 () [7,8,13,14 ],. 1MHz, 0. 5 %. 3 1 %. 19, 1., 4. 43mm, 130 24h. : X, Y, Z. 1 Table 1 Some parameters of the rock samples Π(g cm 3 ) ( %) B01 3. 038 Hornb. 58,Plg. 22,Ep. 16,Bi. 2,Ox. 1 B02 3. 052 Py. 37,Plg. 29,Ol. 23,Hornb. 6,Gt. 3,Bi. 2 B03 3. 286 Ol. 35,Py. 27,Plg. 20,Gt. 12,Hornb. 4,Bi. 2 B04 2. 958 Xeno. 95,Sill. 5 B05 3. 295 Py. 83,Hornb. 7,Plg. 5,Bi. 3,Gt. 2 B06 2. 620 Qtz. 64,Plg. 18,Fsp. 9,Mu. 5,Oth. 4 B07 3. 658 Py. 45,Plg. 44,Gt. 7,Bi. 3,Hornb. 1 B08 3. 265 Cpx. 40,Hornb. 30,Opx. 17,Qtz. 5,Gt. 3,Ox. 3,Plg. 2 B09 3. 451 Cpx. 58,Gt. 18,Qtz. 15,Bi. 6,Scap. 3 B10 3. 275 Ol. 85,Cpx. 6,Opx. 6,Grt. 2,Sp. 1 B11 2. 955 Fsp. 30,Plg. 27,Qtz. 21,Bi. 16,Ap. 6 B12 2. 639 Fsp. 45,Plg. 23,Qtz. 15,Bi. 14,Ap. 3 B13 2. 953 Hornb. 52,Plg. 21,Bi. 14,Ep. 8,Ox. 5
882 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 45 Π(g cm 3 ) ( %) B14 2. 973 Gt. 39,Omp. 36,Hornb. 14,Bi. 7,Mu. 4 B15 2. 926 Plg. 32,Fsp. 26,Qtz. 16,Gt. 15,Bi. 6,Mu. 5 B16 2. 933 Gt. 36,Omp. 33,Hornb. 16,Mu. 9,Bi. 6 B17 2. 909 Fsp. 38,Plg. 23,Qtz. 20,Bi. 11,Mu. 5,Hornb. 3 B18 2. 721 Ant. 75,Ol. 20,Ox. 4 B19 2. 139 Qtz. 70,Plg. 20,Fsp. 10 Ant. : ;Ap. :;Bi. :;Cpx. : ; Ep. :;Fsp. :; Gt. : ; Hornb. : ;Mu. :;Ol. :;Omp. :;Opx. : ;Oth. : ;Ox. :; Plg. :; Py. : ; Qtz. : ;Scap. :;Sill. :;Sp. :;Xeno. : ;Zoi. :.,600MPa, 600MPa 600. 30min ( 60min). 3 3 2. 3. 3 1. 1, 1 3 (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 1 Changes of V P (a), V S (b), Poisson s ratio (c) and their anisotropy (d) in three orthogonal directions in amphibolite with comfining pressure and temperature
6 : 883, 100 200MPa,, [7 14 ]. 600MPa 600, [13,, 16 ] ;,,. 1 1MPa [13,16 ],600MPa 600,,,. (1). 2 2 3 Table 2 Velocities, Poisson sratios and their anisotropy in three orthogonal directions at several P2T conditions PΠMPa TΠ V PΠ(km s - 1 ) V S Π(km s - 1 ) Π( %) 2 Z Y X Z Y X Z Y X B01 B02 B03 B04 B05 B06 B07 B08 25 20 5. 221 6. 276 6. 939 3. 488 3. 666 3. 671 0. 0972 0. 2411 0. 3057 28. 3 103. 5 100 20 5. 910 6. 724 7. 276 3. 726 3. 883 3. 961 0. 1702 0. 2499 0. 2895 20. 7 51. 9 600 20 6. 534 7. 165 7. 691 3. 943 4. 066 4. 103 0. 2136 0. 2625 0. 3011 16. 3 34. 0 600 600 6. 434 7. 065 7. 615 3. 864 3. 986 4. 015 0. 2179 0. 2666 0. 3075 16. 8 34. 1 25 20 6. 009 7. 096 7. 033 3. 656 3. 922 3. 942 0. 2061 0. 2802 0. 2709 16. 6 30. 4 100 20 6. 550 7. 237 7. 184 3. 852 3. 983 4. 034 0. 2357 0. 2827 0. 2698 10. 0 18. 2 600 20 6. 972 7. 408 7. 375 3. 988 4. 218 4. 173 0. 2568 0. 2602 0. 2645 6. 1 1. 3 600 600 6. 753 7. 093 7. 070 3. 849 4. 032 3. 990 0. 2594 0. 2613 0. 2664 4. 9 2. 6 25 20 6. 363 6. 808 6. 799 3. 820 3. 812 3. 855 0. 2183 0. 2716 0. 2631 6. 8 21. 7 100 20 7. 001 7. 234 7. 195 4. 056 4. 098 4. 117 0. 2475 0. 2638 0. 2567 3. 3 6. 4 600 20 7. 408 7. 512 7. 445 4. 174 4. 187 4. 184 0. 2674 0. 2747 0. 2692 1. 4 2. 7 600 600 7. 280 7. 373 7. 297 4. 077 4. 065 4. 060 0. 2715 0. 2817 0. 2759 1. 3 3. 7 25 20 5. 465 6. 027 5. 883 3. 167 3. 282 3. 231 0. 2472 0. 2892 0. 2841 9. 8 15. 7 100 20 5. 931 6. 213 6. 188 3. 402 3. 471 3. 441 0. 2548 0. 2732 0. 2761 4. 7 7. 0 600 20 6.380 6.438 6.402 3.549 3.598 3.611 0.2759 0.2729 0.2667 0.9-1.1 600 600 6.280 6.316 6.255 3.414 3.457 3.481 0.2903 0.2861 0.2757 0.6-1.4 25 20 6. 025 6. 855 6. 808 3. 442 3. 735 3. 715 0. 2578 0. 2889 0. 2879 12. 2 11. 0 100 20 6. 877 7. 037 7. 081 3. 959 3. 997 3. 992 0. 2521 0. 2619 0. 2670 2. 9 5. 7 600 20 7. 431 7. 437 7. 525 4. 224 4. 235 4. 191 0. 2613 0. 2601 0. 2752 1. 3 5. 2 600 600 7. 471 7. 455 7. 498 4. 186 4. 208 4. 166 0. 2712 0. 2662 0. 2767 0. 4 4. 0 25 20 3.696 4.318 4.345 2.502 2.724 2.766 0.0768 0.1694 0.1595 16.1-70.0 100 20 4. 335 4. 802 4. 830 2. 710 3. 028 3. 034 0. 1795 0. 1700 0. 1742 10. 8 3. 0 600 20 5. 240 5. 430 5. 490 3. 029 3. 269 3. 276 0. 2491 0. 2158 0. 2235 4. 7 10. 8 600 600 5. 143 5. 366 5. 429 2. 941 3. 203 3. 202 0. 2556 0. 2234 0. 2332 5. 6 9. 2 25 20 7. 565 7. 672 7. 711 4. 232 4. 168 4. 189 0. 2724 0. 2906 0. 2907 1. 9 6. 5 100 20 7. 625 7. 705 7. 737 4. 259 4. 259 4. 252 0. 2733 0. 2801 0. 2837 1. 5 3. 7 600 20 7. 717 7. 778 7. 788 4. 281 4. 239 4. 250 0. 2777 0. 2888 0. 2879 0. 9 3. 6 600 600 7. 472 7. 588 7. 718 4. 139 4. 135 4. 126 0. 2786 0. 2888 0. 3000 3. 2 7. 4 25 20 5. 510 6. 285 6. 970 3. 633 3. 651 3. 793 0. 1152 0. 2454 0. 2896 23. 4 86. 1 100 20 6. 420 6. 987 7. 478 3. 916 4. 009 4. 072 0. 2039 0. 2546 0. 2892 15. 2 34. 6 600 20 7. 027 7. 303 7. 721 4. 100 4. 178 4. 211 0. 2420 0. 2568 0. 2883 9. 4 17. 5 600 600 6. 898 7. 156 7. 556 4. 014 4. 069 4. 126 0. 2439 0. 2611 0. 2875 9. 1 16. 4
884 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 45 PΠMPa TΠ V PΠ(km s - 1 ) V S Π(km s - 1 ) Π( %) 2 Z Y X Z Y X Z Y X B09 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 25 20 6. 989 7. 177 7. 215 4. 177 4. 010 4. 113 0. 2223 0. 2731 0. 2594 2. 6 20. 5 100 20 7. 187 7. 440 7. 375 4. 250 4. 289 4. 289 0. 2311 0. 2511 0. 2445 3. 5 8. 3 600 20 7. 394 7. 652 7. 497 4. 330 4. 348 4. 297 0. 2391 0. 2616 0. 2554 3. 4 9. 0 600 600 7. 257 7. 498 7. 397 4. 255 4. 262 4. 216 0. 2380 0. 2613 0. 2594 3. 3 9. 3 25 20 7. 203 7. 771 8. 026 4. 289 4. 289 4. 365 0. 2253 0. 2810 0. 2900 10. 8 25. 1 100 20 7. 485 8. 040 8. 205 4. 453 4. 631 4. 630 0. 2260 0. 2518 0. 2664 9. 2 16. 4 600 20 7. 642 8. 153 8. 291 4. 502 4. 632 4. 662 0. 2343 0. 2618 0. 2688 8. 1 13. 7 600 600 7. 334 7. 868 8. 022 4. 286 4. 419 4. 456 0. 2406 0. 2696 0. 2769 9. 0 14. 0 25 20 5. 550 6. 347 6. 466 3. 328 3. 470 3. 492 0. 2192 0. 2867 0. 2941 15. 3 29. 2 100 20 5. 946 6. 506 6. 627 3. 438 3. 632 3. 639 0. 2488 0. 2737 0. 2842 10. 8 13. 3 600 20 6. 287 6. 699 6. 810 3. 525 3. 683 3. 688 0. 2708 0. 2834 0. 2926 8. 0 7. 7 600 600 5. 908 6. 378 6. 505 3. 290 3. 504 3. 461 0. 2753 0. 2838 0. 3026 9. 6 9. 4 25 20 4. 155 4. 860 5. 200 2. 585 2. 813 2. 896 0. 1841 0. 2482 0. 2751 22. 3 39. 6 100 20 5. 314 5. 674 5. 916 3. 120 3. 307 3. 332 0. 2370 0. 2428 0. 2676 10. 7 12. 1 600 20 5. 901 6. 166 6. 330 3. 448 3. 562 3. 565 0. 2409 0. 2496 0. 2678 7. 0 10. 6 600 600 5. 719 6. 008 6. 180 3. 381 3. 541 3. 533 0. 2315 0. 2339 0. 2573 7. 7 10. 6 25 20 3. 866 4. 573 5. 939 2. 631 2. 788 2. 976 0. 0690 0. 2043 0. 3323 42. 3 131. 2 100 20 4. 926 5. 441 6. 450 3. 142 3. 208 3. 328 0. 1571 0. 2335 0. 3186 26. 8 67. 9 600 20 6. 055 6. 278 7. 012 3. 600 3. 698 3. 779 0. 2267 0. 2344 0. 2953 14. 6 26. 3 600 600 6. 021 6. 240 7. 045 3. 594 3. 700 3. 796 0. 2232 0. 2288 0. 2954 15. 6 27. 8 25 20 5. 864 5. 905 6. 346 3. 537 3. 434 3. 561 0. 2141 0. 2445 0. 2702 7. 2 23. 2 100 20 6. 330 6. 353 6. 724 3. 729 3. 648 3. 759 0. 2344 0. 2541 0. 2727 5. 7 15. 1 600 20 6. 667 6. 589 6. 923 3. 847 3. 760 3. 858 0. 2504 0. 2587 0. 2748 4. 9 9. 3 600 600 6. 433 6. 386 6. 760 3. 688 3. 609 3. 702 0. 2552 0. 2654 0. 2857 5. 7 11. 3 25 20 5. 497 5. 674 5. 996 3. 330 3. 322 3. 428 0. 2101 0. 2392 0. 2573 8. 7 20. 2 100 20 6. 120 6. 155 6. 516 3. 624 3. 635 3. 714 0. 2299 0. 2322 0. 2595 6. 3 12. 1 600 20 6. 539 6. 503 6. 782 3. 792 3. 768 3. 845 0. 2466 0. 2473 0. 2630 3. 6 6. 4 600 600 6. 269 6. 278 6. 552 3. 658 3. 650 3. 697 0. 2418 0. 2447 0. 2663 4. 4 9. 6 25 20 3.210 5.419 5.989 2.725 3.067 3.090-0.7889 0.2644 0.3186 60.4 156.8 100 20 4. 970 6. 159 6. 351 3. 153 3. 449 3. 450 0. 1633 0. 2716 0. 2907 24. 4 56. 1 600 20 6. 044 6. 627 6. 736 3. 504 3. 697 3. 694 0. 2467 0. 2740 0. 2849 10. 8 14. 4 600 600 5. 975 6. 600 6. 682 3. 458 3. 674 3. 643 0. 2483 0. 2754 0. 2885 11. 2 15. 0 25 20 4. 488 5. 222 5. 131 2. 977 3. 105 3. 003 0. 1074 0. 2266 0. 2396 15. 1 71. 3 100 20 4. 934 5. 557 5. 500 3. 156 3. 271 3. 306 0. 1539 0. 2349 0. 2172 11. 9 41. 7 600 20 5. 998 6. 318 6. 298 3. 531 3. 581 3. 559 0. 2348 0. 2634 0. 2654 5. 2 11. 5 600 600 6. 182 6. 422 6. 381 3. 573 3. 640 3. 588 0. 2492 0. 2633 0. 2688 3. 8 7. 6 25 20 5. 271 7. 226 7. 594 3. 077 3. 804 3. 693 0. 2417 0. 3083 0. 3452 36. 1 35. 3 100 20 5. 605 7. 249 7. 616 3. 152 3. 850 3. 799 0. 2689 0. 3035 0. 3344 30. 4 21. 7 600 20 6. 024 7. 338 7. 676 3. 207 3. 845 3. 810 0. 3022 0. 3108 0. 3365 24. 1 10. 7 600 600 5. 666 7. 110 7. 480 3. 049 3. 671 3. 639 0. 2962 0. 3183 0. 3450 27. 6 15. 2 25 20 3.378 3.773 3.695 2.249 2.293 2.275 0.1019 0.2072 0.1947 11.0-62.6 100 20 3. 920 4. 059 3. 978 2. 461 2. 526 2. 518 0. 1747 0. 1842 0. 1657 3. 5 5. 3 600 20 4. 106 4. 218 4. 166 2. 493 2. 585 2. 587 0. 2081 0. 1994 0. 1862 2. 7 11. 1 600 600 4. 007 4. 149 4. 093 2. 404 2. 526 2. 510 0. 2190 0. 2055 0. 1988 3. 5 9. 7
6 : 885 600MPa.,,. 2 2, 3. 3. 1,,,. 2 600MPa 19, (A )( A V ), 2. 5 %,2. (2), Fig. 2 Relation between Poisson s ratio s 2. 5 % [5], anisotropy (A ) and P2wave velocity. anisotropy (A V ) in all 19 samples at 600MPa,,. B08 18 %, 9. 4 %;B13 26 %14. 6 %;B01 34 %, 16. 3 %.,B02 B18 B06 B19, : A= 1. 82A V - 0. 46, (2) A,A V, %, 0. 905. 2. 5 %,- 0. 46 %,: 3. 2 A= 1. 82A V. (3) 2 2,B02 B18. 24. 1 %, 11 %; 6. 1 %, 1. 3 %, 2. 5 %,;6. 1 %.
886 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 45 3. 3 B06 B19. (2,3(a,b) ),, Z, X Y ;, Z X Y,Z X Y, V PX - V P Z. B06 A V = (V PX + V P Z ) 2 = 4. 7 %,B19 2. 7 %;, A= Z - X,600MPa B06 ( Z + X )Π2 10. 8 %(3(d) ),B19 11. 1 %,2. 5 %,., 600MPa 600, (3(e h) ). 3 B06 3 (a) (b) (c)(d) Fig. 3 Changes of V P (a), V S (b), Poisson s ratio (c) and their anisotropy (d) in three orthogonal directions in amphibolite with comfining pressure and temperature in sandstone B06 4, [17] ;(1(c),3(c),4). Z,; X Y,, Z,., [5].,
6 : 887 [17,18]. 4 4 3 Fig. 4 Changes of Poisson s ratio in three orthogonal directions in four samples with comfining pressure [5,17],2. 5 %,. B06 B19,., ;100 200MPa,, (1(d) ). B06 B19,, 200MPa (3(d) ). 100 200MPa,,. 600MPa 600,,, [13,16] ;,.
888 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 45,. B08,B13,B01 3,,. ( 7. 38kmΠs) (0. 238) [19],,. B06 B19, ; 3 (B06 0. 249, B19 0. 210),, ([5]13).,, c c, [20] :c c, 10 %,, 12 %,.,, [20],c,,.,c X,.,. B02 B18,. B02,. B18, [4] [13].,,;,. 5, 3,,.,.,100 200MPa,. 600MPa 600,,,., 34 %, 16. 3 %.,.,,,.
6 : 889, (3),; ;..,. [ 1 ] Christensen N I, Mooney W D. Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust : A global view. J. Geophys. Res., 1995, 100 :9761 9788. [ 2 ] Birch F. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, 1. J. Geophys. Res., 1960, 65 :1083 1102. [ 3 ] Birch F. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, 2. J. Geophys. Res., 1961, 66 :2199 2224. [ 4 ] Chevrot S, Hilst R D. The Poisson ratio of the Australian crust : geological and geophysical implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2000, 183 :121 132. [ 5 ] Christensen N I. Poisson s ratio and crustal seismology. J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 101 :3139 3156. [ 6 ] Christensen N I. Shear wave velocities in metamorphic rocks at pressure to 10 Kilobars. J. Geophys. Res., 1996, 71 :3549 3556. [ 7 ] Kern H, Wenk H P. Fabric2related velocity anisotropy and shear wave splitting in rocks from Santa Rosa mylonite zone, California. J. Geophys. Res., 1990, 95 :11213 11223. [ 8 ] Barruol G, Kern H. Seismic anisotropy and shear2wave splitting in lower2crustal and upper2crustal rocks from the Ivrea Zone s experimental and calculated data. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1996, 95 :175 194. [ 9 ],,.., 1995, 38(2) :213 220. MU Run2Chang, GAO Ping, LIU Rou2Xin et al. The experimental study of P2wave velocity anisotropy of mylonite and its surrounding rocks from ductile shear zones of North2China at elevated pressures and temperatures. Chinese J. Geophys. ( Acta Geophysica Sinica), 1995, 38(2) :213 220. [10] Siegesmund S, Takeshita T, Kern H. Anisotropy of V P and V S in an amphibolite of the deeper crust and its relationship to the mineralogical and textual characteristics of the rock. Tectonophysics, 1989, 157(1) :25 38. [11],JI Shao2Cheng,..,1994,37(4) :469 482. JIN Zhen2Min, JI Shao2Cheng,JIN Shu2Yan. Lattice preferred orientation of olivines and seimic anisotropy in the upper mantle. Chinese J. Geophys. (Acta Geophysica Sinica), 1994, 37(4) :469 482. [12],Mainprice D..,1989,11(4) :15 23. JI Shao2Cheng, Mainprice D. Seismic anisotropy in the lower crust induced by the lattice preferred orientations of minerals. ology and Geology (in Chinese), 1989,11(4) :15 23. [13],,Kern H.., 1998, 41(3) :371 381. LIU Bin, GE Ning2Jie, Kern H, et al. Velocities and attenuation of P2and S2waves and their anisotropies in serpentinite and amphibolite under different P2T conditions. Chinese J. Geophys., 1998, 41(3) :371 381. [14] Kern H, Liu B, Popp T. Relationship between anisotropy of P2and S2wave velocities and anisotropy of attenuation in serpentinite and amphibolite. J. Geophys. Res., 1997, 102 :3051 3065. [15] Kern H. Elastic2wave velocity in crustal and mantle rocks at high pressure and temperature : The role of the high2low quartz transition and of dehydration reactions. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 1982, 29 :12 23. [16] Kern H, Richter A. Temperature derivatives of compressional and shear wave velocities in crustal and mantle rocks at 6 kbar confining Seism2
890 (Chinese J. Geophys. ) 45 pressure. J. Geophys., 1981, 49 :47 56. [17] Wenk H2R. Preferred Orientation in Deformed Metals and Rocks : An Introduction to Modern Texture Analysis. New York : Academic Press, Inc., 1985. [18] Duba A G, Abey A E, Bonner B P, et al. High pressure mechanical properties of Kayenta sandstone. Univ. Of California, Lawrence Livermore Lab. Rept., 1974, UCRL251526 :22151. [19].. :,1976,83 84.. Physical Properties of Rocks and Minerals. M o scow:deepearth, 1976. 83 84. [20] Auld B A. Acoustic Fields and Waves in Solids. John Wiley, 1973. 362 387. ANISOTROPY OF POISSON S RATIO IN ROCK SAMPLES UNDER CONFINING PRESSURES LIU BIN XI DAO2YING GE NING2J IE WANG BAO2SHAN ( School of Earth and Space Sci, Uni. of Sci. and Tech. of China, Hefei 230026, China) H. KERN T. POPP ( Geowissenshaften Institut, Uni. Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany) [Abstract ] Poisson s ratios calculated from V P ΠV S can provide much tighter constraints on the crustal composition than either the compressional or the shear velocity alone. To study the changes of Poisson s ratio and its anisotropy with confining pressure, we measured P2and S2wave velocities in three orthogonal directions in 19 rock samples under different confining pressures. The results show that, in most samples there are some linear correlation between Poisson s ratio anisotropy and P2wave velocity anisotropy ; while in some samples there are no significant correlation between them; some samples even show totally opposite changes in Poisson s ratio anisotropy and P2wave velocity anisotropy. Since in most rock samples Poisson s ratio is very markedly anisotropic, some even greater than 30 % when the effect of microcracks is eliminated, the anisotopy of Poisson s ratio must be considered when using Poisson s ratio to inverse the crustal structure. [ Key words] Confining pressure, Ultrasonic wave velocity, Poisson s ratio, Anisotropy, Inverse.