1...1-1 1.1...1-1 1.2...1-2 1.2.1...1-2 1.2.2 LAN WAN...1-6 1.2.3...1-15 1.3 OSI...1-17 1.3.1 OSI...1-17 1.3.2...1-22 1.3.3...1-24 1.3.4...1-28 1.3.5...1-34 1.3.6...1-39 1.4...1-40
1 1.1 ISO OSI OSI 1-1
1.2 1.2.1 SOHO Server Intranet IP Hotel network protocolcomputer network IT WAP Wireless Application ProtocolPDA Personnal Digital Assistate 1-2
server load balancingdistributed processing ICP Internet WWW World Wide Web E-mail VOD Video On DemandE-commerceVideo conference 1-3
TCP/IP 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 TCP/IP? Source Host A Destination Host B 5 TCP/IP TCP/IP protocol TCP/IP Transfer Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Novell IPX/SPX Internetwork Packet exchange/sequenced Packet exchangeibm SNA Syetem Network Architecture TCP/IP Internet 1-4
1960 s 1970 s Host 1970 s 1980 s Host 1980 s WAN host serial IBM SNA System Network Architecture IBM X.25 ARPANETpacket switching Internet LAN Local Area Network TCP/IP IPX/SPX TCP/IP 1-5
1.2.2 LAN WAN LAN LAN modem standard MAN Metropolitan Area Network -LAN Local Area Network standard IEEE 802.X LAN Ethernet ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode LAN 1-6
LAN LAN HUB ATM LAN LAN cable fiber twisted pair NIC Network Interface Card Hub Switch Switched Hub Shared Hub Router OSI 1-7
ATM ATM Switch ATM ATM 1-8
WAN WAN PSTN ISDN DDN X.25 Frame Relay ATM WAN CHINAPACCHINADDN CERnet CHINANET WAN end system PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network ISDN BRI 2B+D B 64Kbps 128kbps ISDN PRI 30B D 23B D ISDN ISDN Leased Line DDN 64kbps 2.048Mbps X.25 9600bps 2Mbps 1-9
Frame Relay X.25 64kbps 2.048Mbps CIR Commited Information Rate ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM ATM 1-10
WAN WAN circuit switching packet switching PSTN/ISDN ATM 1-11
WAN WAN Modem/CSU/DSU ISP Router Routing Modem Modem X.25 PSTN 1-12
10M 100M 1000M bandwidth delay LAN WAN bandwidth bps bit per second 8 4 2 10M 100M 1000M Modem 56kbps ISDN BRI 128Kbps E1/PRI 2Mbps E3 34Mbps OC-3 155Mbps OC-12 622Mbps OC-48 2.5Gbps OC-192 10Gbps delay propagation delay switching delay access delayqueuing delay 1-13
topology LAN bus star LAN WAN Full meshed 1-14
1.2.3 ISO IEEE ANSI EIA / TIA ITU INTERNET IAB ISO International Orgnization for Standardization Internet ISO OSI OSI IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE LAN LAN 802.X 802.3 802.4 Toking Bus802.5 Toking Ring802.11 WLAN ANSI American National Standards Institute ANSI FDDI EIA/TIA Electronic Industries Association/Telecomm Industries Association RS232 CAT5 HSSI V.24 EIA/TIA 568B 1-15
ITU International Telecomm Union X.25 Frame Relay INTERNET IAB Internet Architectrue Board IETF IRTF IANA INTERNET 1-16
1.3 OSI 1.3.1 OSI OSI OSI RM Open System Interconnection Reference Model! 20 60 IBM SNA Novell IPX/SPX Apple AppleTalk DEC DECnet TCP/IP ISO 1984 OSI RM Open System Interconnection Reference Model OSI OSI 1 2 3 4 1-17
: 7 6 5 4 3 : 2 1 OSI Physical layer data link layer network layer transport layer session layer presentation layer application layer OSI lower layer Media Layer OSI upper layerhost layer OSI 1 2 3 4 5 OSI OSI 1-18
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 channel duplex OSI 1-19
APDU Host A PPDU SPDU Segment Packet Frame Bit Host B ------ PDU Protocol Data UnitAPDU Application Protocol Data UnitPPDU Presentation Protocol Data UnitSPDU Session Protocol Data Unit segment packet frame bit OSI SAP Service Access Point E-mail Telnet E-mail 1-20
Data Data H Data H Data H H Data H H Data encapsulationnode OSI segment packetframe 1-21
1.3.2 coaxical cable twisted pair UTP STP fibre wireless radiowlan OSI coaxical cable twisted pair fibrewireless radio 1mm shielded twisted pair STP unshielded twisted pair UTPSTP STP STP UTP STP 1-22
10Base-T 100Base-T 100Base-TX/FX 1000Base-T 1000Base-SX/LX DTE DCE Modem CSU/DSU RS-232 V.24 V.35 Xerox IEEE 802.3 10Base-T 100Base-T 100Base-TX/FX 1000Base-T 1000Base-SX/LX DTE Data Terminal Equipment DCE Data Circuit EquipmentDTE DCE DTE DCE DTE DCE DTE DCE Modem CSU/DSU Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit EIA/TIA-232 RS-232 64kbps V.24 ITU-T DTE DCE PPP IP IPX 115200bps X.25 PPP HDLC SLIP LAPB IP IPX 64000bps V.35 V.35 V.35 2048000bps 2Mbps 1-23
1.3.3 2LLCMAC OSI LLC Logic Link Control sublayermac Media Access Control sublayer LLC MAC LLC SSAPSource Service Access Point DSAP Destination Service Access Point MAC 01 CRC Cyclic Redundancy CheckMAC 1-24
MAC/ 24 bits 24 bits 00e0.fc01.2345 00e0.fc01.2345 Rom Ram MAC4830x00E0FC MAC MAC MAC 48 6 IEEE 6 MAC 0x00e0fc NIC Network Interface Card MAC MAC ROM ROM MAC RAM MAC MAC 1-25
LAN IEEE802 LAN IEEE802.1 IEEE802.2 LLC IEEE802.3 IEEE802.4 IEEE802.5 IEEE LAN IEEE802 802.1 802.1d 802.2 LLC 802.3 CSMA/CD Xerox 802.4 802.5 IBM IEEE802.5 LAN IEEE802.3 1-26
WAN WAN HDLC PPP ISDN X.25 Frame Relay WAN Modem ISDN CSU/DSU HDLC High-level Data Link Control PPP Point-to-Point ProtocolISDN Intergated Service Data NetworkX.25 Frame Relay FR HDLC ISO PPP RFC Request For Comment 1661 PPP LCP Link Control Protocol NCP Network Control Protocol PPP LCP PPP PPP ISDN ISDN X.25 X.25 X.25 ModemCSU/DSU ISDN 1-27
1.3.4 OSI HCSE routing protocol Internet 1-28
IP 10. 8.2.48 IPX 1aceb0b1. 0000.0c00.6e25 protocol stack OSI Novell IPX/SPX Apple AppleTalk TCP/IP OSI TCP/IP TCP/IP IP Novell IPX/SPX IPX IP IPX Novell Netware OSI IP IPX IP IPX 1-29
N1.H1 N1 N2.H1 N1.H2 N2 IP IPX RIP OSPF BGP routed protocolrouting protocol TCP/IP IP Novell IPX/SPX IPX OSI IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate SystemTCP/IP RIP Routing Information ProtocolOSPF Open Shortest Path First IPX/SPX IPX RIP 1-30
OSI Connect-oriented Service Connectionless Service Connectionless Service 1-31
1-32
D C A B E Router A Router B Router C IP RIP OSPF IPX RIP TCP/IP IPX 1-33
1.3.5 TCP/IPTCPUDPIPX/SPX SPX OSI ----- 1 2 3 4 TCP/IP TCP UDP IPX/SPX SPX TCP SPX UDP 1-34
WWW.HUAWEI.COM FTP.HUAWEI.COM Host FTP WWW 21 1028 Data 80 1027 Data OSI mulitiplex FIFO www.huawei.com ftp.huawei.com www ftp port number 1-35
ICMPsource quench buffering source quench messageswindowing 1 3 3 2 3 1-36
4 1-37
Host Send 1,2,3 Send 4,5,6 Acknowledge 4 Send 4,5,6 Acknowledge 4 positive acknowledgement 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 4 4 4 4 7 1-38
1.3.6 SQL NFS RPC ASCII MPEG JPEG OSI SQL Structed Query Language NFS Network File System RPC Remote Procedure Call X Windows EBCDIC extended binary coded decimal interchange code ASCII Amercia Standard Code for Information Interchange JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group TIFF Tagged Image File Format GIF MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group QuickTime OSI TCP/IP IPX 1-39
1.4 OSI 7 7 datacommunication OSI 1-40