ARP ICMP

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1 ARP ICMP

2 2 9-1 ARP 9-2 ARP 9-3 ARP 9-4 ICMP 9-5 ICMP 9-6 ICMP 9-7 ICMP

3 3 ARP ICMP TCP / IP, IP ARP ICMP 3 IP, ARP ICMP IP ARP ICMP 2,

4 4 9-1 ARP, MAC, IP IP, MAC ARP Address Resolution Protocol, OSI ARP,,

5 ARP ARP, ARP ARP Request ARP ARP Reply

6 6 ARP A ARP

7 7 ARP ARP, IP, B ARP A IP MAC, ARP,, A MAC ARP B MAC A ARP, MAC

8 8 ARP, ARP MAC, MAC

9 ARP, ARP,,,,

10 ARP ARP IP MAC,

11 11 Hardware Type 2 Bytes,,, Hardware Type 1 Hardware Type

12 12 Protocol Type 2 Bytes,, IP, 2048, 16 0 x 0800

13 13 Hardware Address Length 1 Byte, MAC, MAC 6 Bytes, Hardware Address Length 6 Sender Hardware Address Target Hardware Address

14 14 Protocol Address Length 1 Byte, Protocol Type 2048 IP, IP 4 Bytes, Protocol Address Length 4 Sender Protocol Address Target Protocol Address

15 15 Operation 2 Bytes, ARP, request reply

16 16 Sender Hardware Address ARP MAC,, 6 Bytes MAC

17 17 Sender Protocol Address ARP, IP, 4 Bytes IP

18 18 Target Hardware Address ARP MAC,, 6 Bytes MAC ARP request, MAC, Target Hardware Address

19 19 Target Protocol Address ARP, IP, 4 Bytes IP

20 20 ARP, ARP,

21 ARP ARP 2 ARP Windows 98 / XP ARP.EXE Linux ARPWATCH

22 ARP ARP.EXE 3, ARP

23 23 ARP ARP.EXE ARP

24 24 ARP

25 25

26 26 ARP

27 ARPWATCH Linux ARPWATCH ARP,,

28 28 arpwatch, ARP,

29 29, ARP,

30 30

31 ICMP IP, IP, ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol IP IP

32 32 ICMP ICMP IP, ICMP,

33 ICMP ICMP IP, ICMP

34 9-4-2 ICMP ICMP ICMP ICMP, 3 Type Code Checksum ICMP, ICMP 34

35 35 Type 1 Byte ICMP,

36 36 Code 1 Byte ICMP Code Destination Unreachable ICMP Code IP, ICMP Type Code

37 37 Checksum 2 Bytes, ICMP

38 38 ICMP ICMP Type,

39 ICMP

40 Echo Request / Echo Reply ICMP,, IP

41 1. A B 2. B, A ICMP IP,,, A B, A B A B IP 41

42 42 ICMP

43 43 ICMP Identifier Sequence Number Optional Data 3

44 44 Identifier 2 Bytes, Identifier Echo Request

45 45 Sequence Number 2 Bytes, Sequence Number Echo Request Echo Request Echo Reply, Identifier Sequence Number Echo Request Echo Reply

46 46 Optional Data Echo Request, Echo Request, Echo Reply Optional Data Echo Request Echo Reply, Optional Data, Echo Reply

47 9-5-2 Destination Unreachable ICMP, ICMP, IP IP, IP IP 47

48 48 ICMP

49 49 Code 0 12, 3 0, Network Unreachable 1, Host unreachable 2, Protocol unreachable

50 50 ICMP Unused IP Payload

51 51 Unused: 4 Bytes, 0 IP Payload IP, IP Payload 8 Bytes IP,, IP,

52 IP,, Source Quench ICMP IP, CPU ICMP

53 ICMP Unused IP Payload 2 53

54 , ICMP Redirect,

55 55

56 56 Code 0 3, 1, Host IP,, IP 3, TOS and Host IP, IP TOS, IP

57 57 Router IP Address Redirect ICMP Router IP Address IP Payload 2 4 Bytes,

58 58 IP Payload IP IP, IP Payload 8 Bytes, IP

59 IP, IP, Time Exceeded ICMP IP IP, IP IP, ICMP IP

60 60 ICMP

61 61 Code 0 1, 0, TTL count exceeded TTL 1 IP, IP 1, Fragment reassembly time exceeded IP IP Fragment, IP Fragment, IP

62 62 ICMP Unused IP Payload 2

63 63 Unused 4 Bytes, 0

64 64 IP Payload, IP, IP Payload 8 Bytes, IP

65 ICMP ICMP, Windows, ICMP

66 PING PING ICMP PING,,

67 67 PING,, PING, 1. ping ping IP 3. ping 4. ping IP 5. ping

68 68 1. ping Loopback , Loopback TCP / IP

69 69 2. ping IP 1 TCP / IP, IRQ,

70 70 3. ping PING Windows 98 IP,

71 71 4. ping IP, PING IP, IP

72 72 5. ping, PING, Hinet WWW, DNS

73 73 PING PING PING,

74 74 PING PING DNS

75 75 PING -w,,, -n 2

76 PING 76

77 TRACERT TRACERT Trace Route IP TRACERT TRACERT TRACERT

78 TRACERT 78

79 79 TRACERT A TRACERT, B, TRACERT, 1., B, 1,, 1

80 80 TRACERT 2. R1 1, 1,, 1 A 3. A 1, R1, A 2, B, 2

81 81 TRACERT 4. 2 R1, R2, 2 1,, R2, 2 A 5. A 2, R2, A 3, B, 3

82 82 TRACERT 6. 3 R1 R2 B B 1 A 7. A 1

83 TRACERT 83

84 84 TRACERT Windows 9x / 2000 / XP / 2003 Unix Linux traceroute, ICMP, UDP 12 UDP, m

85 85 TRACERT TRACERT TRACERT

86 86 TRACERT, TRACERT

87 87 TRACERT TRACERT,, TRACERT 3, 3

88 ICMP NetAnalyzer, PING TRACERT,

89 PING , PING, NetAnalyzer, ICMP Echo Request / Echo Reply

90 PING 90

91 91 PING Type = 8 Code = 0, Echo Request Windows 2000 PING, Identifier 512 Echo Request Sequence Number, Bytes Optional Data

92 PING 92

93 PING Type = 0 Code = 0, Echo Reply Echo Reply Identifier Echo Request, 512 Echo Reply Sequence Number Echo Request, 0 x 9800 Echo Reply Optional Data Echo Request 93

94 PING 94

95 PING 95

96 TRACERT , TRACERT, IP

97 TRACERT 97

98 98 TRACERT , , 11 7 Echo Request, TRACERT, *

99 99 TRACERT tracert 3 Echo Request, 3, , 66 7, 3, 63 1 Echo Request 1 Time Exceeded, 1 Echo Request Echo Reply

100 TRACERT 10

101 TRACERT 10

102 TRACERT 1, Source Address IP TRACERT IP ICMP Type Time Exceeded TTL 1, 0, Time Exceeded 10

103 TRACERT 10

104 TRACERT 10

105 10 TRACERT TRACERT, Echo Request TTL,, Echo Reply

106 Windows XP SP2 Echo Request ICMP 10, Windows XP SP2 PING TRACERT Echo Request ICMP XP SP2, ICMP XP SP2,

107 Windows XP SP2 Echo Request ICMP 10 XP SP2 Echo Request ICMP, /,, Windows

108 Windows XP SP2 Echo Request ICMP 10

109 Windows XP SP2 Echo Request ICMP 10

110 Windows XP SP2 Echo Request ICMP 11

Chapter #

Chapter # 第三章 TCP/IP 协议栈本章目标通过本章的学习, 您应该掌握以下内容 : 掌握 TCP/IP 分层模型掌握 IP 协议原理理解 OSI 和 TCP/IP 模型的区别和联系 TCP/IP 介绍主机主机 Internet TCP/IP 早期的协议族全球范围 TCP/IP 协议栈 7 6 5 4 3 应用层表示层会话层传输层网络层应用层主机到主机层 Internet 层 2 1 数据链路层