:,,,,, : ; ; ;,,,,,,,,, (Challengers) (Grassroots) :,,, ;, ;,,,,, :,, 2006 1,, 74,,,,,,, :, 29,, 2005
, 111 1. 1 : CM ( the citizens in the material space), NC ( the netizens in the cyber2 space) ( ),,,,,,,,,, ( cyber space),, (m ixed space),,,???,,,,,,,,, :, 321,, 2003 :, 79,, 2008 :, 156,, 2002 : : : 21, 394 440,, 1996 :, 9 22,, 2006 75
2010 2 ( social media),, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), CM NC CM,????, ( Identity) /,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 111,, 2009, :, : : :, 12,, 2009 :, 87,, 2002 :, 162,, 2007 D reyfus, H. L. : On the Internet, pp171 72, Londan, 2001 :, 9,, 2008 :, 24 25,, 2005 identity, 76, 407,, 2009 Identity, Identity, :, 22,, 2005
,,,,,,,,, /,,,,,,, (online) (offline), ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,, ;,, : :, 47 52,, 2003, : : 21, 310,, 1996 :, 112,, 2009 77
2010 2,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, (power over) (power from),,,, ( ), 2009, 512, 85% 2008 1 2800, 90% 100,,,,,,,,, :, 1, 8,, 2007 :, 119,, 2007,, : : 21, 22,, 1996 :, 21,, 2005 : : 85%,, 2008 11 4 :, 416,, 2006 78,,, : : 21, 21,, 1996
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 20, ( ) 1.,, 2009 6 26,,, 6 30, ; 7 1,, 6 26, 7 5 2., : :, 153 154,, 2007, ;, ;, :, 6 7,, 2006 : : 1768-2004, 201,, 2009 :, 925,, 1998 :, 21,, 2006 7 5 : 7 5,, 2009 10 16 79
2010 2, ( ) ( ),, 2007 6,, You2 Tube,,, YouTube 400 31,,, 2008, 4, : m sn (L) CH INA, m sn,, 230 CH INA : 10756, 95157% ( ), 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : : J. S. :, 44,, 1982 Berejikian Jeffrey: Revolutionary Collective Action and the Agent - Structure Problem, pp. 649 657, Amercian Political :, 41,, 2008 1 :, 120,, 2003 :, 117,, 2005 80, 402,, 2009 Science Review 1992, vol. 86
, 3.,,,,,, 4.,,,,, 21, ( ) 2. 1,,,,,, ;, 2003 12,, ;, Howard Rheingold: the V irtual Community: Homestngding on the Electronic Fronter, p. 10, Aaddison - W esley Publishing Co. 1993 :, 441 442,, 2000 : :, 155,, 2007, :, 363,, 2004 :, 156 157,, 2002 MED IA 81
2010 2 ; ;, ;,,, ( ),,,,,,, 1.,,,,,, 10, 1%, 2.,,,, ( two - step persuasive action),,,,, 3., 7 5, 2009 6 7 5,, YouTube,, 4.,,, :, 76, 1998 :, 105,, 2007 : :, 5,, 2008 Kirsten A. Foot, Steven M. Schneider: Online action in campaign 2000: an exp loratory analysis of the U. S. political web 82 sphere, Journal of B roadcasting & Electronic Media, June, 2002
,,,,, ; ; ;,, 7 5,, ( ) 1.,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,, 2008 4 CNN,, 3.,, : ;,,,,,,, Karen Mossberger, Caroline J. Tolbert, Ramona S. McNeal(2007) : D igital citizenship: the internet, society, and participa2 tion, The M IT Press. 2007, pp. 69 95. Hernando Rojas, Eulalia Puig - i - Abril (2009) : MobilizersMobilized: Information, Exp ression, Mobilization and Participa2 tion in the D igital Age, Journal of Computer - Mediated Communication Journal of Computer - Mediated Communication 14, pp. 905 919. 83
2010 2 ( ) 1.,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ) 20 90,,, 20 90,,,, :,, ;,,,,,, :, 125 126,, 2003 84 Gabriel W eimann: Terror on the Internet: The New A rena, the New Challenges, http: / /www. bka. de / krim inalwissen2 schaften /herbsttagung/2007 / langfassung_weimann_englisch. pdf
: (1),, (2), ( 3),,,, (VPN),, 21,,, 1.,,,,,,,, 2.,, ;,, 3.,,,, ;, ;,,,,,, 3 14 7 5,,,,,, 4.,, :, : 30,, 2009 4 85
2010 2,,,,, 2009 12 2, 29000, ( ) 7 5, 5, namyixa ( ),? ( ), 3357 QQ 4720, 5,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,, :, (, 110004), (, 110004) ( : ) 7 5 : 7 5,, 2009 10 16 : 86, 329,, 2001