e-trace 132 1617 1872 p32-12 1/71 2/71
. GPS AIST 17 1-12 p32-39 3/71 GPS NMIJGPSGPS time GPS #N 1 GPS #N 2 GPS GPS #N 3 TA TA GPS _ time TA T T GPS _ time T T AB B A B T T T T ( T TB) B A B B A 4/71
16 GPS GPS 17 - - - NIM, CNAL NIMT y() 1 5/71 H16H17 GPS DOGPS GPS GPS GPS GPS H16 GPS2 ps Web GPS DO GPS (s) 6/71
NMIJ 6 726.6. AS-NITE NMI26/5/2) jcss/jcss H18 jcss H18H2 JCSS H18H2 () jcssh18 JCSSH182 7/71 jcss JCSS ( H13 H16 H18 H2 H17 H18 [ ] 8/71
p4-56 9/71 1/71
C (YOKOGAWA 329S4) 153 nm 1565 nm HCN 2 khz Optical Frequency 193 35 174 MHz Wavelength 155.515 58 nm Accuracy 1 MHz (.8 pm) 11/71 average =. 73 6 MHz stdev. =.65 4 MHz nominal = 193 35 174 MHz P(16) --- P(18) 12/71
- 2km 7.6db 13/71 1 x 1-11 14/71
p4-65 15/71 jcss JCSS ( [ ] 16/71
. () 1-12 1Hz 45 km 2 km x 2 p57-65 17/71 1 GHz 155 nm G1 GHz 18/71
1.48 m LD WDM EDF DSF PZT 1 GHz Allan standard deviation 1-9 1-1 1-11 1-12 1-13 Cs 1-14 1 1 1 Integration time [s] 19/71 45 km =1552 nm pulse =3 ps pulse =14 ps EDFA EDFA EDFA Span1 Span 2 Span 3 1 GHz mode- =.2 nm locked fiber laser 75 km DSF 75 km DSF 75 km DSF EDFA EDFA Span 4 Span 5 EDFA Span 6 EDFA 75 km DSF 75 km DSF 75 km DSF Intensity [dbm] -1 1.2-2 -3-4 -5-6 -7.28 nm 25.9 GHz Intensity [a.u.] 1.8.6 13.5 ps.4.2-8 1551551 1552 1553 1554-4-3-2-1 1 2 3 4 Wavelength [nm] Time [ps].7.6.5.4.3.2.1 ps/nm/km1552 nm -.1 -.2 155 1552 1554 1556 1558 156 Wavelength [nm] 2/71
S/N ratio of clock signal [db] 1 8 6 4 2 -.2 db/km 1 2 3 4 5 Distance [km] Intensity [db] 1-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6-7 -8-9 km 225 km 45 km -4-2 2 4 Frequency [khz] Intensity [db] 1-1 -2-3 -4-5 -6-7 -8-9 km 225 km 45 km -4-2 2 4 Frequency [khz] EDFAASES/N -.2 db/km 45 km 21/71-2 2 Power [db] -4-6 Power [db] -2-4 -6-8 -8-1 9.955 9.9552 9.9554 9.9556 9.9558 9.956 Frequency [GHz] -1-4 -2 2 4 Frequency [khz] 4 km S/N 22/71
23/71 jcss JCSS ( [ ] 24/71
p66-73 25/71 26/71
27/71 28/71
SN 29/71 8 6 4 2-5mm peak 4 2-2 -4 x1-3 2 4 x1 3 6 8 1 8 6 mm peak1 5 x1-3 4 2 2 4 x1 3 6 8 1-5 3/71
2.53 km 7.58dB (.35 db/km) 31/71 32/71
H16.4 H17.4 H18.4 H19.4 1 33/71 34/71
PZT 35/71 36/71
H16.5 ppm p74-79 37/71 ( ) ( e-trace ) ( ) ( ) 38/71
1fs 2ns 1THz time f =5MHz 2f opt. freq. f RF 2xf =1GHz 3mm time f 2f R.F. MHz-THz 39/71 : 8 fs,, f : 49 MHz, : 156 nm f 2f opt. freq. f PD PD, f, RF f 2f f = 1 GHz () R.F. 4/71
Nonlinear errors (m) Fluctuation (m) 2 1-1 -2 5 1 15 2 Time (s) 2 1-1 15mm (=1GHz) -2 5 1 15 2 25 3 Applied displacement (mm) : 1 m : 135 ms 1 GHz : =4 m : 25 s : =2 m (1 41/71 95m1 2x1-6 1-1 -2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.1 ppm 42/71
92 m 99 m 26 m () (2) 43/71 m) 2 1-1 -2 5 1 15 2.5 ppm2 m 44/71
Relative distance change 95m1 1.x1-6.5. -.5-1. Difference 2 between two = fs-comb 9x1 distance -8 meters (=9x1-8 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (days) 45/71 : 62 mm : 12, 186, and 318 m, 5 m 5 m 24m318 m 46/71
(m) 1-1 -2-3 1 2 3 (m) 4 GPS 25m45 m 47/71 48/71
jcss JCSS ( H16-17 H18 H19 [ ] H18-2 H21 H22 49/71 GPS 1 K 1 V.1ppm p8-91 5/71
(V) 3. 1.5 1. (V) 51/71 E-trace GPS 4.2K 1K (ma) (V) 52/71
=/K j-9 Kj-9 : 2e / h 131,72NbN/TiN/NbN5V at 19GHz 131,72 2nd Wiring NbN/TiN/NbN 262,1446V at 11GHz (1) => (2) => Pd Resistor 1. -5. 2nd Insulation 1st Insulation 5.. 1st Wiring NbN Base wiring -1. -1. -5. 5. 1. Voltage (V) 6.V 1 K 11GHz 169 mw 8x32768 JJ 53/71 NbN NbN TiN I>I 11GHz 1 327,68 16GHz 1Vat16GHz NbN16GHz T=12K T=1K => 1K 1K (db/m) (ma) (K) (V) 327,68 16GHz I-V1K 16GHz 54/71
1-9 PJVS.1ppm PJVS 1-9 -4.1 V/V (nv/v) 4 2-2 2 3 4 5 6 7 V (V).1ppm 1 55/71 PJVS man-machine 56/71
jcss JCSS ( [ ]H13 H15 H17 H18 H2 JCSS 57/71 L L C C R R L) p92-99 5 5 ppm 58/71
59/71 : 1 mh 2 ppm/k@23 1 ppm1 HLS14A 5 ppm/k 3 ppm/k 2 ppm/k 13 ppm/k 1.317 1.315 Inductance [mh] 1.312 1.31 1.37 1.35 1.32 1.3 5 ppm 1.297 2 4 6 8 1 Time [day] 6/71
6 ppm @ 1 khz CH 1 CH 2 CH 3 CH 4 CH 5 CH 6 61/71 LCR PC ( PC LCR 4284A 4 ppm 5 ppm H17.6 H17.9 (H17.12 62/71
p1-115 64/71
65/71 66/71
67/71 68/71
69/71 IC 7/71