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Linfield, R. S. J. 1985. An alternative concept to home range theory with respect to populations of cyprinids in major river systems. Journal of Fish Biology 27(Supplement A):187-196. Lloyd, D. S., J. P. Koenings, and J. D. Laperriere. 1987. Effects of turbidity in fresh waters of Alaska. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 7:18-33. Mason, J. C., and S. Machidori. 1976. Populations of sympatric sculpins, Cottus alerticus and Cottus asper, in four adjacent salmon- producing coastal streams on Vanocouter Island, B.C.U.S. Fisheries Bulletin, 74:131-141. Michael, J. H. Jr. 1983. Contribution of cuttrout in headwater stream to the sea-run population. California Fish and Game,. 69:68-76. Newcombe, C. P., and D. D. MacDonald. 1991. Effects of suspended sediments on aquatic ecosystem. North American Journal of Fisheries Management,11:72-82. Numachi, K.I., T, Kobayashi, K. H.,Chang and Y.S. Lin. 1990. Genetic identification and differentiation of the Formosan landlocked salmon, Oncorhynchus masou formosanus, by restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA. Bulletin of Institute of Zoology. Academia Sinica 29(3, Supplement):61-72. Rosenberg, D. M., and A. P. Wiens. 1978. Effects of sedimentation on acrobenthic invertebrates in a northern Canadian river. Water Research,12:753-763. Shelford, V. E. 1911. Ecological succession. Stream fishes and the method of physiographic analysis. Biological Bulletin., 21:9-35. Turnpenny, A. W. H., and R. Williams. 1980. Effects of sedimentation on the gravels of an industrial river system. Journal of Fish Biology, 17:681-693. Petts G. E.and I. Maddock 1994.Flow allocation for in-river needs.in rivers and book-hydrological and ecological principles. Eds Calow P.and G. Petts,pp.289-307,Oxford: Blackwell.
() 25 302 * * * * * * * * 10 3 15 * * 4 ; (1986) ) ( ( ) * * * * * * * * 9 * * * * * * 7 * * * * 5 * * * 3 ( ) * * * 3 ( ) * * * * * * * * * 10 * * * * * * * * 9 * * * * * * * 8 ; (1997)
() ( ) * * * * * * * * * 9 * * * * * * * 7 * * * * * * * 7 * * * 3 * * * 3 * * * 3 * * * 3 * * 2 ; (1997)
( ) ( ) 9 6.7 33.3 7.7 3.7 60.4 8.7 15.3 21.3 13 *1 *1 58.3 22 20 13 14 3 72 ; (1997) * 1 1992-1995, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (m) 1992 26.7 37.96 1.76 33.81 1374.8 1995 15.63 44.57 1.28 38.51 1560.1 () 1992 26.09 37.47 17.4 19 2474.2 1995 49.53 27.86 0 22.6 2544.8 () ; (1996)
* * * * ( 2mm ) * * * * * * * *
: (severe degradation) 10 10 (poor) 10 10 (fair) 10 30 (good) 20 40 (excellent) 30 50 (outstanding) 40 60 60~100 60~100 (optimum range) ; Tennant,1976 (11~3 )(4~10 (1998)
() (m)(m) 1 851 67.8~68.3 10 2 2 850 67.8~68.3 10 4.2 3 68.6 34 7 8 37 ~68.10 4 69.8 25 4.8 ~69.11 5 69.2~69.4 34 7 6 910 69.12~70.1 22 6 7 912 70.1~70.3 18 7 8 850 71.8 25 4.8 ~72.11 9 910 71.6~71.7 20 4.5 10 911 72.11~72.1 23 4.5 1 11 910 72.11~ 73. 1 28 3.9 12 911 73.11~7 3.1 18 4.5
1 13 911 74.3~74.4 20 6.5 pc 14 910 74.5~74.5 20 3.6
(m) (m) 125 20 1 9 6 6 25 5-2 4-2m 1.75m 7.5 4~9 7.5 (Whittaker et al., 1982) (cm) 40 40 (dmax)60 60
25.6 25.6 12.8 (boulder) ~0.2 12.8~6.4 (cobble)
(cms) (cms) 1 16.34 15.99 0.35 98 2 28.03 20.19 7.84 72 3 28.88 21.97 6.91 76 4 33.09 22.47 10.62 68 5 29.54 23.99 5.55 81 6 36.08 24.78 11.30 69 7 49.37 23.42 25.96 47 8 103.01 18.67 84.34 18 9 109.43 26.60 82.83 24 10 32.08 26.25 5.83 82 11 21.09 20.27 0.83 96 12 16.04 15.44 0.60 96 41.92 21.67 1989/1 1998/6() cms C D E F 1 16.34 0.77 0.93 1.29 3.68 2 28.03 8.55 8.83 9.44 13.53 3 28.88 7.64 7.93 8.56 12.78 4 33.09 11.45 11.79 12.50 17.34 5 29.54 6.30 6.60 7.24 11.55
6 36.08 12.21 12.58 13.36 18.63 7 49.37 27.21 27.71 28.78 35.99 8 103.01 86.95 88.00 90.22 105.28 9 109.43 85.60 86.71 89.08 105.07 10 32.08 6.64 6.97 7.66 12. 35 11 21.09 1.36 1.58 2.03 5.12 12 16.04 1.01 1.17 1.52 3.86 1989/1 1998/6
run pool riffle step-pool m 145 77 131 197 550m 26 14 24 36 m 320.2 280 136 992.6 1728.8m 19 16 8 57 37.313.2 7.03.5 0.50.5 0 2.71.7 5.30.3 1.71.7 0 6.72.6 16.712.3 9.74.4 0 5.80.9 11.82.7 5.01.6 1.50.9 *87 8 88 4
Caridina japonica * ** * ** 1998 Oct 1 116 1 2 Dec 14 3 0 0 1999 Feb 1 39 5 0 May 369 12 224 12
M. japonicum * ** 1998 Oct 11 22 6 15 Dec 1 0 1 0 1999 Feb 10 0 8 1 May 0 0 1 0 Eriocheir taiwanensis n * ** 1998 11 2 2.0 2.5 2.5 4.0 12 2 1.5 1.0 2.0 0.5 1999 1 6 1.3 1.5 3.5 1.0 3 6 1.0 1.8 1.8 2.3 5 6 0.8 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.3 1.6 2.4 2.0 ***n