1. 2. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. p393:467p394:915p395: 16 12.1
VA ns 2 np 3 1. NH 4 ClNaNO 2 NH 4 NO 2 NaCl NH 4 NO 2 N22H 2 O 2. N 2 COP 351 1. N 2 3H 2 2NH ( ) 3 2NH 4 ClCa(OH) 2 CaCl22NH 3 2H 2 O 2NH 3 NH 4 NH 2 NH 3 NaxNH 3 (l) Na e (NH 3 ) x A 4NH 3 3O 2 2N26H 2 O( ) 3CuO2NH 3 3CuN 2 3H 2 O 3Cl 2 2NH 3 N 2 6HCl b NH 2 =NH NAlNBN c NH 3 H NH 4
3. NH 4 OH NH3 H 2 O ~210 a NH 4 HCO 3 NH3 CO 2 H 2 O NH 4 Cl NH3 HCl b (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 NH3 NH 4 HSO 4 c (NH 4 ) 2 Cr 2 O 7 N2 Cr 2 O 3 4H 2 O NH 4 NO 3 ~ 210 N2O 2H2O 2 NH 4 NO 3 300 2NO 2 O 2 4H 2 O 1. NO x P 354 2. NONO 2 H 2 O 2HNO2 a HNO 2 N 2 O 3 H 2 O NO NO2 H 2 O AgNO 2 Pb()KNO 3 KNO2PbO NO 2 Fe 2 2H 3 NO Fe H 2 O 2NO 2 2I 4H 2NO I 22H 2 O
5NO 2 2MnO 4 6H 5NO 3 2Mn 2 3H 2 O 2 4NH 3 5O 2 Pt Rt800 4NO6H2O 2NOO 2 2NO 2 3NO 2 H 2 O 2HNO3NO HNO 3 N:2s 2 2p 3 N: sp 2 4 3 NO 3 N: sp 2 6 4 HNO 3 a. NO : 3C4HNO 3 3CO 2 4NO 2H2O S2HNO 3 H 2 SO 4 2NO b. P 357 c. HNO 3 HCl=1:3 HNO 3 AuHNO 3 4HCl H[AuCl4]NO 2H2O 3Pt4HNO 3 18 HCl 3H 2 [PtCl 6 ]4NO 8H2O P 388 a. Mg 2NaNO 3 2NaNO2O 2
b. Mg Cu NO 2 O 2 2Pb(NO 3 ) 2 2PbO4NO2 O 2 c. Cu NO 2 O 2 2AgNO 3 2Ag2NO2 O 2 NO 3 NO 2 FeSO 4 H 2 SO 4 H 2 SO 4 [Fe(NO)(H 2 O) 5 ] 2 3Fe 2 NO 3 4H 3Fe 3 NO2H 2 O [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 2 NO [Fe(NO)(H2O) 5 ] 2 H 2 O NO 2 FeSO 4 [Fe(NO)(H 2 O) 5 ]SO 4,NO 2 NO 3 NH 4 Cl NO 2 NH 4 NO 2 N 2 2H 2 O *. Li 3 N,Mg 3 N 2 ; AlN BN Si 3 N 4. 1. (p-d) Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 3H 2 SO 4 2H 3 PO 4 3CaSO 4 Fe 3 H 3 [Fe(PO 4 ) 2 ] H 3 PO 4 (2 ) H 3 P 2 O 7 2.
3 2 PO 4 12MoO 4 24H 3NH 4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 12MoO 3 6H 2 O 6H2O 3.. 1. 2. 1As 2 O 3 ( ) As 2 O 3 6HCl 2AsCl33H 2 O As 2 O 3 6NaOH 2Na 3 AsO 3 3H 2 O Sb 2 O 3 ()Bi 2 O 3 ( )Sb 2 O 3 ( )Bi 2 O 3 ( ) H 3 AsO 3 -Sb(OH) 3 -Bi(OH) 3 H 3 AsO 3 2 5 3 H 3 AsO 4 H[Sb(OH) 6 ] H 3 AsO 4 2H 2I H 3 AsO 3 I 2 H 2 O 2Mn 2 5NaBiO 3 14H 2MnO4 5Bi 3 5Na 7H 2 O Mn 2 3..1 3 AsCl 3 3H 2 O H 3 AsO 3 3HCl SbCl 3 H 2 O SbOCl 2HCl BiCl 3 H 2 O BiOCl 2HCl (2)Sb() Bi() Sb(NO 3 ) 3 H 2 O SbONO3 2HNO 3 (3) Bi(NO 3 ) 2 H 2 O BiONO3 2HNO 3 2As 3 3H 2 S As 2 S 3 6H
M 2 O 3 6OH 3 2MO 3 3H 2 O(M=As Sb) As 2 S 3 3S 2 2AsS33 ( ) Sb 2 S 5 3S 2 2SbS43 ( ) H 2 S 3 2As 2 S 3 6H H 3 AsS 3 As 2 S 3 3H 2 S 3 2Sb 2 S 4 6H 2H 3 SbS 4 Sb 2 S 5 3H 2 S 12.2. ns 2 np 2 (IVA). 1. C 60 2. CO CO 2 3. 1 2 a. NH 4 b. M(I) 2 CO 3 M(I)HCO 3 Al 3,Fe 3,Cr 3
2Fe 3 2 3CO 3 3H 2 O 2Fe(OH) 3 3CO 2 (Bi 3,Cu 2,Mg 2,Pb 2 ) 2Cu 2 2 2CO 3 H 2 O Cu 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 CO 2 (Ca 2,Sr 2,Ba 2,Ag,Cd 2,Mn 2 ) Ba 2 2 CO 3 BaCO3 c.. B 4 C 2B 2 O 3 7C B 4 C6CO SiC: SiO 2 3C SiC2CO. 1. 1 F 2 SiF 4 Cl 2 SiCl 4 400 O 2 SiO 2 600 N 2 SiN 4 SiC2000 2 Si(s)+4HF+12HF SiF4(g)+2H 2 (g) 3Si+4HNO 3 +12HF3 SiF 4 +4NO+8H 2 O 3 Si+2NaOH+H 2 O Na 2 SiO 3 +2H 2 4 Mg 2 Si FeSi 2. Si n H 2n+2 (n=16) SiH 4
SiH 4 (g)+2o 2 (g) SiO 2 (s)+2h 2 O(g) SiH 4 +(n+2)h 2 O 3. SiX 4 SiF 4 SiO 2 +2CaF 2 +2H 2 SO 4 4HF+SiO 2 SiF 4 +2H 2 O SiO2nH 2 O+4H 2 2CaSO 4 +SiF 4 +2H 2 O SiF 4 +2HF H 2 [SiF 6 ] SiCl 4 Si+2Cl 2 SiCl 4 SiO 2 +2C+2Cl 2 SiCl 4 +2CO SiCl 4 +3H 2 OH 2 SiO 3 +4HCl 4 SiO 2 4HF+SiO 2 SiF 4 +2H 2 O SiO 2 +2NaOH SiO 2 +Na 2 CO 3 NaSiO3+H 2 O Na 2 SiO 3 +CO 2 5 P374 XsiO 3 yh 2 O SiO 3 2- +2H + H 2 SiO 3 6 SiO 2 +M 2 O M 2 SiO 3 SiO 2 +2M 2 O M 4 SiO 4
Na 2 SiO 3 2 2- SiO 3 SiO 3 +2NH 4+ +2H 2 O H 2 SiO 3 +2NH 3 H 2 O( 2NH 3 +2H2O) SiO 4. 1 1 MO MO 2 a. SnO 2 Sn+O 2 SnO 2 SnO 2 +2NaOH Na2SnO 3 +H 2 O SnO 2 +2Na 2 CO 3 +4S Na 2 SnS 3 +Na 2 SO 4 +2CO 2 b. PbO 2 > PbO 2 +2NaOH Na 2 PbO 3 +H 2 O PbO 2 +4HCl PbCl 4 +2H 2 O PbCl 2 +Cl 2 +2H 2 O 2PbO 2 +2H 2 SO 4 2PbSO 4 +O 2 +2H 2 O 5PbO 2 +2Mn 2+ +4H + 2MnO 4- +5Pb 2+ +2H 2 O Pb 3 O 4 2PbOPbO 2 Pb 2 PbO 4 +4HNO 3 2Pb(NO 3 ) 2 +PbO 2 +H 2 O 2 a. Sn(OH) 2 Pb(OH) 2 Sn(OH) 2 +2NaOH Na 2 SnO 2 +2H 2 O(Na 2 SnO 2 [Sn(OH) 4 ] 2- ) Sn(OH) 2 +2HCl SnCl2+2H 2 O Pb(OH) 2 +2H + Pb 2+ +2H 2 O Pb(OH) 2 +2OH - [Pb(OH) 4 ] 2- b. [Sn(OH) 4 ] 2-
2. 3[Sn(OH) 4 ] 2- +2Bi 3+ +6OH - 2Bi+3[Sn(OH) 6 ] 2- Bi 3+ 1Sn 2+ Pb 2+ Sn 2+ Pb 2+ SnCl 2 2HgCl 2 +SnCl 2 HgCl 2 +SnCl 4 Sn 2+ SnCl 2 Hg 2 Cl 2 +SnCl 2 2Hg+SnCl 4 2 Sn 2+ SnCl 2 +H 2 O Sn(OH)Cl+HCl 2- SnO 2 +2H 2 O Sn(OH) 2+2OH - SnCl 2 SnCl 2 HCl Sn 2+ 2Sn 2+ +O 2 +4H + 2Sn 4+ +2H 2 O SnCl 2 Sn 4+ +Sn 2Sn 2+ PbCl 4 PbCl 2 +Cl 2 3 PbI 2 KI PbI 2 +2KI K 2 [PbI 4 ] PbCl 2 HCl PbCl 2 +2HCl H 2 [PbCl 4 ] PbSO 4 H 2 SO 4 NH 4 OAc PbSO 4 +H 2 SO 4 () Pb(HSO4) 2 PbSO 4 +2OAc - Pb(OAc) 2 +SO 4 2- PbCO 3 2Pb 2+ 2- +2CO 3 +H 2 O Pb 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 +CO 2 Pb 2+ +CrO 2-4 PbCrO 4 Pb 2+ 2- CrO 4 3. MS MS 2 SnS 2 SnS PbS 2
Sn+S Sn+S Pb+S Sn 4+ +H 2 S SnS 2 +H + Na 2 S (NH 4 ) 2 S x HNO 3 HCl SnS 2 +S 2- SnS 3 2- SnS 3 2- +2H + SnS 2 +H 2 S PbS+4HCl [PbCl 4 ] 2- +H 2 S +2H + 3PbS+8H + +2NO 3-3Pb 2+ +3S +2NO +4H 2 O 12.3 ns 2 np 1 B Al Ga In Tl B n H n+4 B n H n+6 1. B 2 H 6 B: sp 3 4 3c-2e 1 a. B 2 H 6 +O 2 (g) B 2 O 3 +3 H 2 O(g) b. B 2 H 6 + X 2 2BX 3 +6HX c. B 2 H 6 +6H 2 O 2H 3 BO 3 +6H 2 d. 2 B 2 H 6 B4H 10 +H 2 100 e. CONH 3 B 2 H 6 +2CO 2[H 3 BCO] ; B 2 H 6 +2NH 3 2[H 3 BNH 3 ] 1. H 3 BO 3 HBO 2 B 2 O 3
, xbro 3 yh 2 O H 3 BO 3 B(OH) 3 H 2 O OH - H + 2. B(OH) 3 +H 2 O [BOH 4 ] Na 2 B 4 O 7 10H 2 O H 3 BO 3 +2NaOH Na 2 B 4 O 7 +7H 2 O 2-4BO 2- +H 2 O B 4 O 7 +2OH - 2- B 4 O 7 +7H 2 O 4H3BO 3 +2OH - Al 2 O 3 Al(OH) 3 Na 2 B 4 O 7 +CoO Co(BO2) 2 2NaBO 2 Na 2 B 4 O 7 +MnO Mn(BO2) 2 2NaBO 2 1.Al 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 2.Al(OH) 3 Al(OH) 3 +3H + Al 3+ +3H 2 O Al(OH) 3 +OH - [Al(OH) 4 ] - Al 2 O 3 (s)+2naoh(s) 2NaAlO2(S)+H 2 O(g) 1.AlCl 3 AlX 3 AlF 3 2Al+3Cl 2 2AlCl 3 Al 2 O 3 +3C+3Cl 2 2AlCl 3 +3CO
Al:3s 2 3p 1 sp 3 3c-4e 2.Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 2Al(OH) 3 +3H 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +6H 2 O Al 2 O 3 +3H 2 SO 4 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +3H 2 O Al 3+ [Al(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ 2 Al 3+ +3S 2- + 6H 2 O 2 Al(OH) 3 +3 H 2 S 2 Al 3+ 2- +3CO 3 + 3H 2 O 2 Al(OH) 3 +3CO 2 12.4 1. P387 2. P388 3. P388