C H ONGQINGDAXU E XIAOS HI ( 1994.7 1999.6) ( )
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( )
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1980 3,, 6 1, 9, 1984 ; 1985 1986 3,, 90,,,,,,, 1989, 60, 12, 4, 1994, 65, ; ( ) ( ) ( ) (),,, 1998 6 9,, 16,,,, 55, (1929 1949 ) ; 65, ( 1949 1994 ), 3
,, 70,,, 1994,,, 1994 6,,,, ( ),, 65, 1994 10 14, 65,, CT IC T,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, 211,, 211 4
,,,,,, 5
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106 106 109 112 117 118 121 147 2
, 1994, 1993 2,,, 211,,,, 1993 6,, 1996 4 211, 7, 211,, 211, 211,,,,, 1995, 2010 ( ),,,,, ; 1
,,,, 1996,, 211,,, 211, 1996 4 211, 1997 3,,, :,,,, ;, ; ;,,,,,, 211,,,,,,, 211,, 2
,, 1996 4, 211, 211, 211,, 2010,, 211, 211 211, 211 1996 8, 8, :,,,,,,, 1948 4, 1980 4 1981 1987, 1989 ; 1991,,1992 12, 1996 8 863/ CIMS 1997 4, 3
,,,, 1949 9, 1975,, 1985,, 1990, 1996 4 8, 1997 7,,,,, 1938 5,1960 1962 1986 12 1997 7,, 1992 11 1995,, 1997 4,1997 7,, 1997 8 16 22,,, :,,,, ; 211, ; 4
;,,,,,,,, ( ) 8 26,,,,,, 1997 9 28, : :,,,,,, : 1. 100 (2029 ),,,, 2. ; 5
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( ) : 2010 : 211, 21,, 2000 : ;,,,, ;, 211, 211, 9 26 49, 211, 211,,, 11 211,,, 1996 1 16,, 211 1996 3 11 12 211 211 ; 4 211 9
211 211, 1995 10 9 211 211,,, 1996 4 1, 211, :, 4 17 211, ;, ; 211 ; 17 18 16 ( ),, 211, 211, : 1.,,,,,,,,,, 10
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2. 211, 2010 21,,,,,,,,, 3., 211 :,,,,,,,,,, ; 11
,,,,, 211 211 211,,,,, 211 : 1., ( 1996 4 7 ) 1996 4, 211, :,, 211, 211, 211 211, 12 1996 7, 211
2., (1996 8 1997 3 ) 211, 1996 11 211 (, 11, 211,, 1997 ; 211,,, 211 3., ( 1997 4 7 ) 1997 4 4 19 211 211, 4 14, 7,,,,, 1997 4 24 211 211 13
, 10,,,,, 5,, 211 ( ) :,,,, ; :, 211,,,,,,,, 211 211 1998 5,,, 211 5600, : 3000, 900, 1700 211 211, 21, 211 14
; 211 211 211, 211 211,,, : (1 ),,,, ( ) (2 ),,,, 1996, 9,, 1997,, 1, 15, 37,, 3, 1, 7 15
, (3 ) 1994, 4, 1995, 5,, : 1990, 1993, 1995,,,,,,, 863/ CIMS, - ( ),, ;,,, 16
,,,,, :, ;, ; ;, ;,,,,, 211,, : (1 ), 211,,,, ;, ;, (2 ),, 17
211,,,, 1997, CIMS,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,1995, 1997, 1995,,, 18
,,,,,,, 1995 1997, 28, 7 45,,, 6, 3,, 9
21,,,,,,,,,,, 20 90,,,,,,, 21,, 1996 1997,,, :,,,,, 1997 4 25,, 20
, 21 :,,,,, : ; ; ; ; 1997,,,,,,, 1997 9 8,,, 1998 10,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999 4,,,,,, 21
, ;,, ; 21,,,,,,, ;,,,, 1. 21,, 21, 21 13, : ( ) CAI ( ) 8 ; 22
: CAI ( ) 5 CAI CAI 1997, 97 98,,, 2., 1994, 1994 7, 9, 94 : ; ;,, : ;, ;, 23
,,, :,,,, 3.,, 84,,,,, 1994,,,, 1995 4,,,,,,,, 1999 1,, ( ), 24
:, 21,, ;, ;, ( ), ( ) :,, ;,,, ;, ( ),,, 12 16,, 1996 25
, 48, 20 28 ;, 18, 17, 6, 11 1997, ( ),,,, ( MSE ),,,,,,,, 1994, 1997,,,, 1998, 50 34, 3, 37, : 26
21 ; : 3 ; : 8 ; : 5,,,,, 43 1999 6, 1999 5 1994,,, 1994,, 7, 1996, 1997,,,, 1998, 27
1994 9 1999 6, 95, 37 ( ), 1996, ; ; 1997,, 6 10 1998,, 1998 ; () 21 ( ) 1994,,,,, 12 ( ),, 1996,,, 300, 300, 28
, 21,, 1998,,,,, 235 ( 2000 ), 500, 500, 300, 300, 200, 200,,, 1999,,,,, 100, 600, 14,, 1997, F UN AC, 100 1 2,,, 29
,,, 90, ;,, 500 ; IBM, IBM, 100,, 25,, 1., 1994,, 1994 1998,, 600 1000, ; 1286 720, 1999, 3CX, 20,,, 30
2.CAI 1994, 19 CAI, CAI,, 1997, CAI CAI ( ) : 1997,, CAI/ CAD CAI ; CAI CAI, CAI/ CAD CAI, () CAI 1998, G, CAI,,,,,, 31
,,,,,,,, 1995 1999, 1.,,,, 25, 12.5 % 2. :,,,,,, 1931,,, 1999, 800,, 32
6000 800M 2 3. : ( ) ;,, ;, 12 (, ) 4. 1994, 1998,,, 1994,,,,,, 1, 4,, 1998 2, 1 1999 3, 2 5, 20000,,, 33
;,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1999 10, 1998,, 1994 7, 1989 3,,,,,, 1999 6 1867, 1994 885 2.1 34
1994 9,,,,,,,1997,,,, : 1.,, 2.,,,, 3. 4., 5.,,,,,,, 1995 35
1995, 3 5,, 80, 300,,,,,,,, : 1., ( ) ;, 2.,,, 3.,,, 2 4.,, 5., 36
: 1.,,,,,, 2.,, 1995 ( ) 3.,, 4., ;, ;, 5.,,,,, 1994 6, 16, 38 1996 9,, 47, 1 1997 6 ( ) 37
, 9,,,, 1, 15, 37 1998, 3 1 7, 4, 21, 45, 6 1998 4,,,,,,,,, ( ),, 98, 3 4,,,, 2.5 3, 4, 5 ; 3,, 6 ( 3 ),, 38
,,,,,,, 3,,,,,, 16 109, 6.8, 12,,, 4 5, 6,,,,,,,,, ( MBA ),,,,, 39
,, 2,,,,,,,,, 1985, 1996 3, 11,, 5, 1997 4 15, 21,,,,,, 40
,,, 1998 4,, 8, 13,,,, 40 489,,,, : 1., 2.,, ( 4 5 ), ( 5 6 ),,,,, 3., ( ),,, 41
,, 1998, 1996 ( MBA), MBA, MBA 1998 MBA, MBA,,,,, 1996 1999,,,, 1995,, 20, 4 A, 16 ;1997 12,,, 10, 1997,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1994 12, 42
,, 132, 5 ; 1997 1, ( ) 9, ;1995, 1996, ; 1997 ; 1998 ; 1999 1994 7, 1998 12, 4124, 1994 7 2610 58%, 1995,, 1998 12, 3958, 1500,, 1989,,,, 1995,, : 43
,,, :,,,, :,,,,,,,,, :,, 21,,,,,,,,,, 1995 6,,,,, ( ) 44
, 20 29,, 1999 1550 1996 10,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1995, 18 28 1996 15 14, 1998 20 25,,,,, ; ; 1999, 1994,,, 1998, 45
,, ( ) ( ),, 1. 1994, 8,,,, 249,61, 10, 240, 174 ; 4,,, 2.,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,, 46
, 3.,,,,,,, ;, 70, Novell NT ;, 112,, 30%, 35 %,,,,,,, 4., 1994,,,,, 1994 1999,, 15, 47
, 400, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,,, 200 1998 1999, 202,, 18, 8.81 %, 131, 64.9%, 53, 26.29%,, 1994,,, 1999 1, 1999 6,,,,,,, 48
1994 7,,, ( ) ( ) 600 50, 34500, 7000 :1994 ; ; ; 1995 ; ; ;, 20 ; 1996,,, 1996 1997, ; ; 1996 1995 1996 1997, 49
,,,,,,,, CIMS MRP -, ;,, 1997 1998,,,1995 5 1997 10, 1995, 1998 7 ( ) ( ),,,, 50
, 1998 1999, 98 140,, 11, 98,,,,,,,,,,, 5%,, 1994, 30 1
21,,,,, 1996 7,, 2010,,, 1994 1996 4000 5000,, : ;,, 1997 10 8 9,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) 1998 ( ) ( ),, 52
,,,, ( ) ( ),,,,,,,,1997 5867.2, 1996 5037. 3 16.48%, 1998 7356.3, 1997 25.43%, 1993 4590.0 1.6 1994 1998, 27997.5, 1.,,,,, 5,, : ;,, ;,,, : 53
5, : ; H P3565S ; ;, 1994 12 1997 4 7 9, ( 1993 1996 ), 1997 5,,,,, 1997 4 9 11 1993 1996, :,, ;,, :,,, 1998 5,, : 1995 10 54
; 1997 4 CT 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 863 ( CIMS ), 863/ CIMS,, 863/ CIMS, 2 CIMS,, CIMS, 1996, ( CAD), CAD, 160,,,,,,, 55
,,, 63 70,, 1995 200,, 11 36, 6 1998 9 18 28,, 55, 217, 144 66.36%,, 69 3.,,, :, ; :,, ;,, ;,,, 56
1994 11 1996 11, 1995 1996 12, 23,,,,, 6,,,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,,, 1996,,, ; 4 ;, 57
,,, 1997 9 12 12,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 11,, : ;,,,,,,,, 58
1994 1998, 230, 25 ; 137, 5, 94 XN1300 CT,1993 CT 10,, 1994 10 14, ICT, :,, IC T,,,,, CT,, 1995 4 18, CT, C T 1996 10,,,, CT 1996,,,,, 863 A V - 100 1995 A V - 100 59
,,,,,,, : : A V - 100, 99.95% 1997, A V - 100,,,,,,, 1996,,, ( Apollo311 ), ( ), 60
,,, 1996 12 17 19, 1996, (), 1998, 1995, B 1996 1997,,, 1998,,, 1996, 61
,,, 15% 1997 4,, 1998 58 CIMS ( ), 1998,,,, ( ), :,, ; 1994 10 65, 863/ CIMS, 1996 5 6,,, XYZ CIMS YLSI 863 863/ CIMS 62
863/ CIMS, 1997 2 21 26, 19,, 21 14, 2 24 16,, 1999 4 22 1999,,, 1998, 1998,, 1981 1993 13, 661, 50.8 1994 1997 568, 142 13 2.8,,80,,,, 1994, 63
100, MCM - 1 MOA,,, ;,,, 1994 1.5, 90,,,,,,, 1996 25, 180.4 ;1997 37, 487.23 ; 1998 42, 579 7.2 13.8,,,, 1996, 20, 210, 7, 3, 17 ; 1997, 21 ; 1998, ( ),,, 64
,,, 1150,, 273, 3178, 1995-1997, 392, 274 ; 136, 307, : 2.12, 670 1997,,, 40,, 1994,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1995,,,,, 65
, 2.3, 320, 36 1996, 12, 1220, 220 1997, 2300, 1990, 220 1998, 4533, 605,,,,, 1996,, ;,,,, 8, 7020, 8.78% 1998,, 2746.21, 1999 4554.73,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 66
, 1997, 300, 2000 15% CT, 5000 37.5% CT CT,, C T 300, 30%, 50 %,,, 400 (, ), 1.3, 60 80,,, 1997,,, 6, 15000, 1998 10,,1999, 67
1993,,, 1998 10 3,,,,,, :, ( 1998 8 30 ) ;, ;, ICT 3015 8919, 1998 12,,,, CT,1999 4,, 68 :
,,,, 1993 4, 1994 1 14, 211,,,,,,,,, 1 2,,,,, 1994 4 :,,, :,,,, :,, 69
,,,,,,,,,,,, 1994 10 11,, 211,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1995 11 16,, 211,, 211,,,,,,, 70
,,, 5 4, 4, 1997 11 11,, :,,,,,,, ( ),, : : 71
: : () ( ) 72
( ) ( ) ( ) 73
74
: : 1997 11 11 12,,,,, 211 ;, ; ;,,,,,,,,,,,, 75
22, 1998 11 18,,,,, 1999, ( ), 25,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1.,,, 76
1998, 34,,,, MBA ( ) ; MBA,, 1994, 889, 116 1998, 17 ( ) 255,,,, 1998 400,,,,,,,, 1998,, ( ),,, 2.,, 1995, 77
,, 1200 ; ICT 1995 200,,,,,, CAD, CIM S,,,, 4000,,,,,,, 3.,,,, ( ) 400, 1999 100 5,,,,,,, 78
,,,,,,,, : 1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 79
,,,,,,, ;, ;, 3.,, : ; 3.5 + 1 + 0.5 ; ;,, : ;,, 500 ;,, 1200, 1,, CIMS CIMS ;, 136,,, 10 ( ),,, ( ),,,, 80
,,,,,,,,,, 81
:,,,, 21,,, 1231,,,, 1991,,, 1998 1999,, 1997,,,,, 82
, :,,,,,,,,,, : ;,,, ; ;,, ;, ;, :,,,,,, ( ), ( ), :,,, 1998 4, ( ), 6 4,, ( ) ( ) 83
,,,, 1998 6,, 6 15,, 1998 7 9, : 1. :,, : B C 2. :,,,, :, A, B C, C, B, MBA 84 : 3. : ( ) : 4.
:, 5. :, :,,, B, C, 6. :,, :,,,, B, A B, B C ( ) :,,,, 7. : :,,,, ( ) :,,,,, 8. : 85
:,,, B C :, 9. : :, : 10. :, :,, B 11. : :,, C 86 : 12. : :,, B ( ) :, 13. :,, : A B,, C, C
14. :, :,,, C : A,, 15. :,, :, A,, :, 16. : : B : ( : A ; B ; C ) 16,, 1998 9,,,,, 1992,,, 1998 11 5 20, 87
,, 150, ( ), 1998 1999 ;1998 2000 1998 2000 :,,,, 10% ;, 3900 3600, 1 1, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 88
, 100, 20%, 50 30% ; 60%, 90 %,, 15, 15, 3 100, 100, 300,,,, 6 : 1.,,,, 2.,,,, ;, ;,, 3.,, ;,,,, 89
4.,,,,, 5.,, 19 6.,, ;,,,, 1994,,,,,,,,,,,, 1., ;, 90
,, 1986, 13 2., 1987 1994 5, 202 1999,, ;, 1999, 45, 40,, 3.,, ;,,, 4.,, 1993 1994 6,, 1994 1998,, 110 5., 6.,,,,,, 91
,, 1997 1998 37,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,,, 4, 3 ; 41 ;7,, 1995,,, 1998 1999, 5, 8, 7, 863 1, 9, 66 1628, 216, 13.27%, 530, 32.56 % ; 633, 38.88% ; 249, 15.29% 50 56.2%, 1993 41.84 % ; 1995 13.8% 1998 17. 5%, 46% 52% 92
,,,1996 10, 12 4,,,,,, 5, 1996 12 4,,,, 12 5, : 11,,, ;,, ;, 93
1996 12 11 18 11 1994,,, :,, 1993,,,,,,, 1996 54,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1996 12 30,,,,,,,, 1997 1 2, 94
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 1997 1 30 1997 1 26, 4,,,, 1997 5 16,,,, 1997 7, ( ),, ( ), 95
, 1997 10, ( ), 1997 9 12,, ( ), 1998 2, ( ), 1998 4 24 26 ( ) :,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :, 96
, ;, ;,,,,,, ;,,,, ;,, :,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,,, 2001, ;,,,, : : ; :,,,, ; ;,,,,, 97
,,,,,,,,, 1998 7 5, : ;, ;,, : ;, ;,, ;, ;, ; ;,, :,,,,,, :,,,,,, 98
1.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ) (1 ),,, 1996 10,, 117, 45,, 99
72, 6,, 1997 1998 43.1,,,,,,,,,, 145.5,,,,,,,, 1997, 1996 34%, 1996 79.3 1998 1997 1996,,, 11,,, 1997 1998 15, 10 m 2, 1/ 5,, 1998, 2342, 3 m 2,, 800 1998,,, 50 (2 ), 100,
,,,,, 1996,,,, 3000 5000,,,, 35 1997, 1999,, 1993, 120, 20,,,, 1995 23, 1996 10, 1997 8 7 1997,,,,,,,,,,, 2 3,, 56 30, 53.57%,,,, 101
300 / 600 / ; 4500 kw 7000kW,,,,, 1987 8 1995 11 80, 130, 260, 600m 2, 200,,, 1996 8,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,,,,, 1997 10, 1996 947.5, 268.4, 28. 33% ; 1997 1024.9, 444, 43. 32% ; 1998 1050, 685, 65. 24%,,,,,, 3.,,, 102
,,,,, (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (3 ),,,,,,,,,, ;, ;, 103
, ; ;,,,,,, 1., 1996 485, 1997 310, 1998 230 ; : 1996 25, 1997 247.4, 1998 303.5 1998 1997 598.7, 1998 995.5,, 2.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 104
, 20, 1995, 21, 1997 40, 100, 100%, 90 %,,, 1997, 1998,, 1994,,, 1997 1998 11, 58275,, 193. 36, 1995, 3,,, 1997 1998 185, 300, 600 ; 1050, 650, 2107, 3215,, 70,1998 12,, 5
,, 21,,, 1997 4 24 26, 282, 25, 24 145 2156 : ; 21,,,,, ;, ; 211,,,, 106
,,, 21,, 4 : ( 1 ),, 211 ; ( 2 ), ; (3 ), ; ( 4), ; ( 5),,,, :,,,,,,,,,, : 211, 21,,,,,, : ( 1 ),, ; ( 2 ),, ; ( 3 ),,,,,,,,,,,, 107
,,,, :, ;, ;, ;, ;, ;,, (),,,,,,, 3,,,,,,,, 21 : () ( ) ( ) 8 : ( ) ( ), ( ) 9 : ( ) ( ) 108
( );, 1997 5 7, ( ) 7, ; 1998 7,,,,, 21, 1.,,, 1994 9,,,,,,, 1700,,,,, :, ;, ; ; 109
,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,,,, ; ;,,,,,,,,,, 1998,,,,, 50, 35000 ;, 110
,, 2.,,,, ;,,, :,,,,,,, 3.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 211,,,,,,,,,,, 1997,,,,,,,, ( ) 111
,,,,,,,, 10, [1997] 45 46,,,,, 1995,, ( ),,,, : 1. (1 ), 3 50, 50,, 1997,,,,,,,,, 112
,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,, (3 ),,,,, ;,,,, ;, 16 ; 1999,, 19,,, ;, 21 1996 10,,,,, 113
,,,,, 2.,,,, (1 ),,,,,,, ;, ;,,, 17.5% ; 865, 52.5% 1: 10.2 (2 ),,,,,,,,,,, 114
,, 3. (1 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 211,,,,,,,,,,, (2 ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 115
,,,,, (3 ),,,,,, ;, ;, 1 2,,, 1993 1998, 80 %, 4.,,,,,,, 1994 1999 7, 2000, 5. (1 ) 8, 312, 42, 116
,, 97 ;,,, (2 ),,,, 133, 98, 72.2%, (3 ),,,,,,, 1993, 5,,,,,,,,,, 117
,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 17, 15 14, 6, 140 1995,,,,,,,,, 1., 1996 10,, 10 31 11 1,, 118
,,,,,,,,, 2.,,,,,,,, 1998,, 66, 16000,,, 3.,,,,,, ( ),,,,, 211, 100, 100, 100, 119
100,,, 4.,,,,,,,,,, ; 1996 5,,, 1994 1998 7,,,,,,,,,, 120
1 1950 1999 () 1950.3 1952.11 1950.3 1952.11 1950.3 1952.11 1953.12 1956.7 1956.7 1966.8 1958.3 1959.4 1958.7 1978.4 1980.5 1978.4 1983.8 1978.4 1980.3 1978.4 1980.5 1978.4 1981.9 1978.10 1983.8 1978.10 1983.8 1978.10 1987.12 1980.5 1982.2 1982.2 1986.6 1982.12 1986.12 1983.8 1993.8 1986.2 1986.12 1986.2 1996.12 1986.12 1992.8 * 1986.12 1997.7 121
1987.12 1992.11 1991.2 1996.12 1991.7 1992.8 1992.8 1996.8 1992.12 1996.8 1993.8 1996.12 1993.8 1997.4 1996.8 1997.7 1996.12 1997.7 1996.12 1996.12 1996.12 1996.12 1998.7 1998.7 * 1992.11 1995.5 2 1953 1999 1953.12 1956.5 1953.12 1956.5 1956.5 1959.6 1956.5 1959.6 1959.8 1964.4 1959.8 1964.4 1960.12 1964.4 1964.6 1966.2 1964.6 1966.2 1964.6 1966.2 1966.2 1966.8 1966.2 1968.11 122
1972.4 1978.11 1973.2 1978.11 1975.7 1978.11 1978.4 1978.11 1978.12 1980.5 1978.12 1980.5 1980.5 1982.2 1978.12 1981.9 1982.2 1983.1 1978.12 1980.3 1978.12 1980.1 1978.12 1983.1 1980.5 1983.1 1983.1 1983.8 1983.1 1983.8 1983.8 1986.3 1983.1 1986.3 1983.8 1986.3 1986.3 1989.5 1986.3 1987.12 1986.3 1989.5 1986.3 1989.5 1989.8 1993.3 1989.8 1992.11 1989.12 1993.3 1991.2 1993.3 1993.3 1997.4 1993.3 1997.4 1993.3 1997.4 1993.3 1997.4 1997.4 1997.7 1997.4 1997.4 1997.4 123
3 1989.8 1994.3 1980.5 1984.2 1983.8 1985 1983.8 1986.12 4 1959 1999 1959.8 1966.2 1959.8 1966.2 1966.2 1978.12 1983.1 1978.12 1983.1 1983.1 1986.3 1983.1 1985.12 1983.8 1986.3 1986.3 1989.5 1986.3 1989.5 1989.10 1993.3 1989.11 1992.4 1992.4 1993.3 1993.3 1997.4 1993.3 1997.4 1997.4 1997.4 5 1950 1999 1950. 1951.12 1951.12 1952.5 1952.5 1957.3 1978.3 1983.8 1983.8 1985.12 1986.10 1996.11 1996.11 124
6 1950 1999 1989.10 1950 6 1956 28 97 : : 1953 10 56 : : 1978 : 6 25 : 1985 5 8 : 1988 10 25 : : 1990 5 3 * : 1986 11, : : * : 1985 11, : : * : 1992 7, : : 125
1992.6 1994.6 1999.6 107 : :112 : : 118 : : 1987 56 : : 60 : : 71 : : 30 : :35 : :42 : 1986 : 9 : : 9 : : 11 : 1987 : 30 : :35 : :42 : 1996 : 9 :11 :12 : 1996 3 3 4 : 3 3 : ( ) ; : : ; : : 126
7 1951 1999 1951.5 1952.2 1951.5 1952.2 1951.5 1952.2 1954.6 1957.1 1954.6 1957.1 1954.6 1957.1 1957.1 1958.2 1957.1 1958.2 1957.1 1958.2 1957.1 1958.2 1958.2 1960.7 1958.2 1960.7 1958.2 1960.7 1958.2 1960.7 1960.7 1968.11 1960.7 1977.2 1960.7 1966.3 1979.4 1982.12 1979.4 1982.12 1979.4 1982.12 1979.4 1982.12 1979.4 1982.12 1982.12 1984.9 1982.12 1984.9 1982.12 1984.9 1982.12 1984.9 1982.12 1984.9 1984.9 1987.4 1984.9 1987.4 1984.9 1987.4 127
1984.9 1987.4 1984.9 1987.4 1987.4 1990.10 1987.4 1990.12 1987.4 1990.12 1987.4 1990.12 1990.12 1991.4 1990.12 1992.9 1991.4 1995.1 1990.12 1995.1 1990.12 1995.1 1995.1 1997.12 1995.1 1999.6 1997.12 1999.6 1995.1 1999.6 1995.1 1999.6 1995.1 1997.12 1997.12 1999.6 1999.7 1999.7 1999.7 1999.7 1999.7 1999.7 128
8 1950 1999 1950. 1951.10 1950. 1950 1950 1951.10 1950 1951.10 1951.10 1952.11 1951.10 1952.11 1951.10 1952.11 1952.11 1953.3 1952.11 1953.3 1952.11 1953.3 1953.3 1955.3 1953.3 1955.3 1953.3 1955.3 1955.4 1956.11 1955.4 1956.11 1955.4 1956.11 1955.4 1956.11 1955.4 1956.11 1956.12 1958.5 1956.12 1958.5 1956.12 1958.5 1958.5 1959.11 1958.5 1959.11 1958.5 1959.11 1959.11 1960.1 1959.11 1961.7 1960.1 1961.7 1959.11 1961.7 1961.10 1996 1961.10 1963.8 1961.10 1996 1963.5 1996 1973.5 1978.6 1973.5 1978.6 129
1973.5 1976.7 1978.9 1984.5 1978.9 1984.5 1984.6 1988.4 1984.6 1988.4 1988.4 1990.11 1988.4 1990.11 1988.4 1990.11 1988.4 1990.11 1991.1 1992.10 1991.1 1992.2 1993.10 1994.5 1991.1 1994.5 1991.1 1994.5 1992.2 1993.10 1993.2 1994.5 1994.6 1994.7 1994.6 1995.9 1994.6 1994.7 1994.7 1998.4 1995.9 1997.9 1995.9 1998.4 1998.4 1997.6 1997.6 1998.5 130
9 10 11 12 ( 1 5 ) : 131
: : : : : ( ) : : : : ( ) : 132
: : : : ( ) ( 19 91.3 ) ( 1 991.3 ) : ( 19 91.3 ) ( 199 3.4 ) ( 1 993.4 ) : : : ( ) : : : 133
13 1984 : : : 1992 : : : : 1997 : : : : : 134
14 1986 1998 / / / 1986 25 634 27.4 46.1 1987 60 1448.6 75.38 118.45 1988 87 2226.6 148.61 231.64 1989 123 2828 121.00 273 1990 80 1912 54.46 146.6 1991 102 2650 84.89 223.16 1992 135 2812 81.82 359.02 1993 235 5045 144.17 902.19 1994 196 4920 290.3 1218.1 1995 192 4122 115 1372.1 1996 325 9343.8 199.7 2517.5 1997 380 8400 414.2 3428.6 1998 317 5960.5 320.07 3011.2 2257 52302.5 2077 13847.66 15 ( ) 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1996 1998 135
16 1950 1998 12 () 136
137
138
139
140
17 1956 1958 1958 1960 1960 1960 1978 1979 1985 1985 1986 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 1990 141
1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 1992 88-91 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994 1994 142
1994 1994 1995 1995 ( ) 1995 1995 1995 1996 ( ) 1996 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1999 143
18 144
( ) 93 145
146
, : ; ; ; ;,,, ( ) 1999.7.30 147