1344 E 2006, 36(11): 1344~1354 * ** (, 100022).,.,.,.,....,,,,,,,.,.,.,,,.,. Hayashi [1] :., [2] [3~5],,.,,.,. : 2006-03-22; : 2006-06-17 * ( : 50376001) ( : G2005CB724201) **, E-mail: liuzhl@bjut.edu.cn
11 : 1345,,. Feuillebois [6]. Richard Mochel [7]. Tabakova [8],.,..,. Hindmarsh [9],,,,,. Wang [10],, (80 µm),.,. Isao [11]. Ismail Salinas [12],. Kawanami [13].,. Hoke [14],,.,., [15].,,. 1 15 min,.. 1 1.1,. 2. 4 3,., 150 mm 52 mm 6 mm., 0.5 mm, 13 mm, - (5). 2(a). www.scichina.com
1346 E 36 1 [15] t a = 19.3, ϕ = 69%, t w = 9.3., 26. 12 13 2 3. 7, 8 CCD 9, 7~112.5. 10. (Boser BS602). (MrVnt300), ( 0.01 mm). (Agilent 34907A). (FTA125).., 99.999%., 2(b). 1.2 1 mm,.., 17.0, : ( ). 0,,. 10,.,, = 10.31+ 10.09exp 0.00794 τ, (1) tw ( ), τ, s; t w,.
11 : 1347 2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 CCD, 10, 11, 12, 13 ( ). 10.0,,.,. ( ). (1),,,,. 2 2.1 : 0,,, 72, 0.75 mm. 3., 3(a)., 7,,, 3(b)., 0.08 s., ( )..,, 3(c). 0.96 s.,, 15 min,, www.scichina.com
1348 E 36 3 t a = 17.0, φ = 10%, t w (1), 3(d). : 10 17,, ( ),,..,,, 4(a).. 4(b). 2.56 s, ( ),.,,. :,. 5., ( 5(b)) ( 5(a)),.,.,,.
11 : 1349 4 t a = 17.0, ϕ = 10%, t w = 10 2.2 5 t a = 17.0, ϕ = 10%, t w (1) ( ), 0 0, 5 ~ 10,.,,. s : s = H / H i,, H, H i. 6.,,,,.,.,. ( ), 0,.,,,., www.scichina.com
1350 E 36,.,,.,,. 3, : ( ),, ; ( ),, ; ( ), ; ( ).,. 7, 2a 0, O(0, 0, 0), z, z. 6 7
11 : 1351, ( ) z = m, (2), z M(0, 0, m),,., - (0 ),.,,,. z < m. z > m,,.,,. N(0, 0, n), r.,., t = 2 λ + ρc t qv, (3) τ, ρ c λ ;, t,, q v. m (3). s t λ = α( t ta) s, (4) u s, λ, u, α, t a. 0, (1). M, M 1, M 2,. M = M M : 2 1 m www.scichina.com 0 2 = M π ρ x dy, (5) 2 2 ( ), (6), π M 2 = ρ h 3 a + h. (6) 6 1 1 2 3 M2 3 6M 6 h = + p + p 2πρ 2πρ, (7)
1352 E 36,, 6M 2 p = + a 2πρ 2 3. N(0, 0, n), r, 1. ( ) 2 2 2 2 x + y + z n = r, (8) 2 2 h + a r =, (9) 2h n = m+ h r. (10) 1 a) /kg m 3 /kj 1 1 /kj kg 1 1000 0.6 4.182 915 2.219 0.01812+0.00781T a) T K, 333 kj/kg 4, 0.75 mm, 72., ( 8 ),.,. ( ). 9,,,. 8
11 : 1353 9 [16], 2 σ rc =, (11) g v ( θ)( θ) 2 16πσ 3 2 + cos 1 G cos c =, (12) 3g 4 v, g v ( ) ( ), σ, θ, G c,.,. 5,,,. 1.15~1.20.,.,,,.,,,.,,. 1 Hayashi Y, Aoki A, Adachi S, et al. Study of frost properties correlating with frost formation types. ASME J Heat Transfer, 1997, 99: 239 245 2 Wang C C, Huang R, Sheu E J, et al. Some observations of the frost formation in free convection: with and www.scichina.com
1354 E 36 without the presence of electric field. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47: 3491 3505 3 Shin J, Tikhonov A V, Kim C. Experimental study on frost structure on surfaces with different hydrophilicity: density and thermal conductivity. ASME J of Heat Transfer, 2003, 125: 84 94 4 Lee H, Shin J, Ha S, et al. Frost formation on a plate with different surface hydrophilicity. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47: 4881 4893 5 Min J C, Webb R L, Benmisderfer C J. Long-term performance of dehumidifying heat exchangers with and without hydrophilic coatings. Int J Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Research, 2000, 6(3): 257 272 6 Feuillebois F, Lasek A, Creismeas P, et al. Freezing of a subcooled liquid droplet. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1995, 169: 90 102 7 Richard R V, Mochel J M. Thermodynamics of melting and freezing in small particles. Surface Sciences, 1995, 341: 40 50 8 Tabakova S, Feuillebois F. On the solidification of a supercooled liquid droplet lying on a surface. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2004, 272: 225 234 9 Hindmarsh J P, Russell A B, Chen X D, et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of the temperature transition of a suspended freezing water droplet. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 46: 1199 1213 10 Wang C C, Huang R T, Sheu W J, et al. Some observation of frost formation in free convection with and without electric field. Internal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47: 3491 3505 11 Isao S, Kazuyoshi F, Hashimoto Y. Freezing of a water droplet due to evaporation heat transfer dominating the evaporation freezing phenomena and the effect of boiling on freezing characteristic. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2002, 25: 226 234 12 Ismail K A R, Salinas C S. Modeling of frost formation over parallel cold plates. International Journal of Refrigeration, 1999, 22: 425 441 13 Kawanami T, Yamada M, Fukusako S, et al. Solidification characteristics of a droplet on a horizontal cooled wall. Heat Transfer-Japanese Research, 1997, 26(7): 469 483 14 Hoke J L. The interaction between the substrate and frost layer through condensate distribution. Doctoral Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. The Graduate College, 2000. 10 15 Zhang X H, Liu Z L, Wang J T, et al. Experimental investigations on the influences of electric fields on frost layer growth under natural convection conditions. Progress in Natural Science, 2006, 16(4): 410 415 16 Byeongchul N, Ralph L W. A fundamental understanding of factors affecting frost nucleation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 46: 3797 3808