0577-6619/2012/70(3)-0452-66Acta Meteorologica Sinica * 3 12 2 2 LIUJianyong 12 TANZhemin 2 ZHANG Yi 2 1. 315012 2. 210093 1.Ningbo MeteorologicalObservatoryNingbo315012China 2.Key Laboratoryof MesoscaleSevere Weather/MOESchoolof AtmosphericSciencesNanjing University Nanjing210093China 2010-08-26 2011-06-10. LiuJianyongTanZheminZhangYi.2012.Studyofthethreetypesoftorrentialrainsofdiferentformationmechanismduring themeiyuperiod.acta MeteorologicaSinica70(3):452-466 Abstract Basedontheformationmechanismandtheanalysisofobservationsthetorrentialrainfalsduringthemeiyu-period from1998to2007couldbeassortedintothreetypesincludingtheexternalforcingrainstormstheself-organizingrainstorms andthenon-organizinglocalizedtorrentialrainfals.theexternalforcingrainstormsaremainlyrelatedtoamovingupper-level troughoramoving-outsouthwestvortexortheweatherpaternwithadeeptroughinnorthandavortexinsouth.thiskind ofrainfalbenefitsfromtheliftingbythelargescalecirculationandtheintrusionofthecoldairfromthemiddletroposphere. Howevertherearestildiferencesamongtheserainstormeventssuchastheinteractionbetweenlow-levelandupper-level jetsaswelasthewayofimpactofthecoldtroughonrainstorm.theself-organizingrainstormsusualypersistforlonglifecy- clesduetothecoherentregenerationprocessessuchasmerginggrowthup-streamanddown-stream developmentornew generationofmesoscaleconvectivevortex.thelow-levelwindshearmoistureconvergencezoneandlow-leveljetarealfa- vourabletothistypeofrainstorms.thenon-organizinglocalizedtorrentialrainfalsareusualyfoundatnoonoverthemountain areasandtheedgeofsub-tropicalhighasthedirectresultsofconvectiveinstability.sincediferentformationmechanismsre- sultindiferenttypesofmeiyuperiodrainstormsthecorrespondingdificultiestoforecastingtheserainstormsarenotthesame aswel. Keywords MeiyuperiodTorrentialrainfalExternalforcingSelf-organizingNon-organizing 1998 2007 3 ; 3 * : ( ) (GYHY201006004) (20080284019) (40805019 40605017) : E-mail:jiangyong.liu@gmail.com : E-mail:zmtan@nju.edu.cn
: 453 P448 β 1 β β ( ) ; ( 2002) α β β ( ) (1996) α β (Ni- ; nomiyaetal19881992) (2004a2004b) ( ) : ; (1996) (2004) 2000km (2004) 3 : β ( 1990; 2006) (2005) 3 3 β (Liu etal2009) ;
454 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 201270(3) 1998 2007 1998 2007 3 : ( 2011) ; ; 2 :(1) 1 4 2 3 ;(2)GOES GMS-5 3 TBB ;(3)NCEP 1 1 FNL 1 Table1 Themaincharacteristicsofthefivetypesoftorrentialrainfalduringthemeiyuperiod 850hPa 700hPa 500hPa 200hPa 3 3
: 455 (2006) 6 06 (500hPa) 12 A β ; (850hPa) (500hPa) ( 2) 5 20 (39 N117 E) (26 N102 E) ; ; 3 20 N 30 N 6 20 4 3 4 ; 3 ; 3.1 500hPa ; ( 1992) (700hPa) (500hPa) ( 3) 6 12 1 1.5PVU 5 12 2004 7 5 6 12m/s;6 12 20m/s 1 GOES-9 5 12 ( ) A A -35-40 21 A
456 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 201270(3) 1 2004 7 5 12 (a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 21 (d) 24 (e) 6 03 (f) 06 (g) 09 (h) 12 (i) GOES Fig.1 GOESinfraredtemperaturesofblackbody(TBB)at3hourintervals from12:00utc5julyto12:00utc6july2004 (a-i) 2 2004 7 5 15 (a) 6 12 (b) 500hPa ( : 40gpm; : 4 ; : 0.25PVU; : ; : 5m/s) Fig.2 NCEPanalysesofthegeopotentialheight(solidcontours40dagpmintervals) temperature(dashline4 intervals)potentialvorticity (shadedfortheareawithitsvalue 1PVU0.25PVUintervals)wind vectors(fulbarb=5m/s)andtroughline(thickdashline)atthelevelof500hpa at(a)12:00utc5julyand (b)12:00utc6july2004
: 457 3 2004 7 5 12 (a) 6 12 (b) 700hPa ( : 40gpm; : 4 ; : 5m/s; : 4m/s) Fig.3 NCEPanalysesofthegeopotentialheight(solidcontours40dagpmintervals)temperature (dashline4 intervals)windvectors(fulbarb=5m/s)andhorizonwindspeed (shadedforthearea withitsvalue 12m/s4m/sintervals)at700hPaat(a)12:00UTC5Julyand(b)12:00UTC6July2004 4 2b AB (30 N120 E) 6 12 7 00 100km ; ; 300hPa ( 1980) Fig.4 4 2004 7 6 12 (a) 7 00 (b) ( : 1PVU 0.5PVU; : 4K; : ; : ) VerticalcrosssectionsoftheMeiyufront:potentialvorticity(shadedfortheareawithitsvalue 1PVU0.5PVUintervals)equivalentpotentialtemperature(solidline4Kintervals)Meiyufrontal zone(thickdashline)andwindvectorat(a)12:00utc06and (b)00:00utc07july2004
458 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 201270(3) β ( 6a) 1 PVU ( 5a 6a) 23 00 5 8 2005 7 5 6 ; 3.2 α ( 6b 7b) 500km 500hPa ( 1980) (850hPa)22 00 (Changetal2000) 500km (29 N105 E) ( 7a) (Kuoetal1986;Ding 1999 6 22 23 1992) 118 24h mm 5 22 00 (30 N109 E) ( 5a) 03 300km 30 N (30 N114 E) 22 00 ( 5b) 6h 15m/s 24m/s; ( 7b) 12 3 (30 N115 E) ( 5e) 15 ( 5f) 18 2000km 23 00 (32 N 118 E) 7b AB CD 22 00 (500hPa) ( 8) (41 N114 E) (29 N 400hPa 2PVU 100 E) ( 8a)
: 459 ( 8b) (Zhangetal2009) 5 1 1999 6 22 00 23 00 ( 3 ) Fig.5 AsinFig.1butforthetimesfrom00:00UTC22June to00:00utc23june1999at3hourintervals 6 1999 6 22 00 (a) 23 00 (b) 500hPa ( 2) Fig.6 AsinFig.2butfor(a)00:00UTC22Juneand (b)00:00utc23june1999
460 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 201270(3) 7 1999 6 22 00 (a) 23 00 (b) 850hPa ( 3) Fig.7 NCEPanalysesofthegeopotentialheight(solidcontours40dagpmintervals)temperature (dashline4 intervals)windvectors(fulbarb=5m/s)andhorizonwindspeed (shadedforthe areawithitsvalue 12m/s4m/sintervals)at850hPaat (a)00:00utc22juneand (b)00:00utc23june1999 8 1999 6 23 00 (a. b. ; : 1PVU 0.5PVU; : 4K; : ; : ) Fig.8 Verticalcrosssectionsat00:00UTC23June1999:potentialvorticity (shadedfortheareawithitsvalue 1PVU0.5PVUintervals)equivalent potentialtemperature(solidline4kintervals)meiyufrontzone (thickdashline)andwindvector(a)acrossthemeiyufrontand (b)alongthemeiyufront 2003 7 4 6 3.3 4 00 50 70 N (500hPa) 35 1 45 N ; 4 18 2 ( 1980 1992) (700 850hPa) ( 2005) 850hPa 32 N
: 461 35 N ( ) ; (2005) 9 7 4 12 5 00 ( 9ac) (32 N117 E) 9 (a.2003 7 4 12 b. c.7 5 00 d. ; : 1PVU 0.5PVU; : 4K; : ; : ) Fig.9 Verticalcrosssections:(a)acrossthemeiyufrontand (b)alongthemeiyufrontat12:00utc 4July;(c)acrossthemeiyufrontand (d)alongthemeiyufrontat00:00utc5july.potentialvorticity (shadedfortheareawithitsvalue 1PVU0.5PVUintervals)equivalentpotentialtemperature (solidline4 intervals)meiyufrontzone(thickdashline)andwindvector(arrow) 40 N 4 100 300km β β
462 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 201270(3) 3 5h MCS1 9h 21 MCS1 MCS2 MCS3 MCS3 112 E MCS1 (Moncriefet 850hPa al1999) MCS2 MCS1 MCS2 MCS1 MCS3 MCS2 MCS4 10 MCS4 Car- (1993) bone (2002) (Tutleetal2004) Wang (2004) ( 12a) ( 12b) ; 2002 6 19 21 10 5 3 : 1 2 3 22 m/s; 10 GOES (TBB) 12m/s; 3 11 (25 32 N) ( ) 19 Fig.10 Timeevolutionofthemeridionaly 12 MCS1 averagedtbb (shaded)from GOESandthe (26 N105 E) MCS4(28 N116.5 E) propagationpathofconvectiverainfal (solidline)betweenthelatitudes25-32 N
: 463 11 GOES (2002 6 19 12 20 21 3h) Fig.11 GOESinfraredtemperaturesofblackbody(TBB)at3hourintervals from12:00utc19juneto21:00utc20june2002 ; 5
464 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 201270(3) 12 2002 6 20 00 (a.500hpa ( 40gpm) ( 4 ) ( 0.25PVU) ( 5m/s)b.850hPa ( 40gpm) ( 4 ) ( 4m/s) ( 5m/s)) Fig.12 NCEPanalysesofthegeopotentialheight(solidcontours40dagpmintervals)temperature (dashline4 intervals)windvectors(fulbarb=5m/s).(a)potentialvorticity(shadedfor theareawithitsvalue 1PVU0.25PVUintervals)at500hPaand (b)horizonwindspeed (shadedfortheareawithitsvalue 12m/s4m/sintervals)at850hPa ; 500hPa γ 40 N 28 N 5880gpm ( 13a) 2800J/kg( 13a) 2005 6 29 30 13 2005 6 29 00 (a)500hpa ( 40gpm) CAPE( 800J/kg 400J/kg) (b) (30 N120 E) ( : : ) Fig.13 (a)thencepanalysisgeopotentialheight(solidcontours40dagpmintervals)convective availablepotentialenergy(shadedfortheareawithitsvalue 800J/kg400J/kgintervals)and windvectors(fulbarb=5m/s)at500hpaat00:00utc29june2005and (b)skew-tdiagramfor Hangzhou (30 N120 E):temperatureprofile(line)andsurfaceparceltemperature(dashline)
: 465 5880gpm 13b T-lgp 1000 hpa 32 900hPa 1000hPa 4 ; 3 4 ; 3 : ; ; 6 3 ; 3 3 3 3.2004a. ( ). 28(6):876-891.2004b. ( ). 9(4):641-657 22(3):309-314.2006...1996..
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