2014 5 ( ) May,2014 43 3 JournalofShanghaiNormalUniversity(Philosophy & SocialSciencesEdition) Vol.43,No.3 :K245 :A :1004G8634(2014)03G0107G(12) DOI:10.13852/J.CNKI.JSHNU.2014.03.013 (, ) :,,,,,,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ;,,,,. 1, 2 3,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :2013G12G09 :, 107
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:» 2 :, 10[ ] : 8(,1983 ). [ ] : 10(,2006 ). [ ] : 25. : 61:,. [ ] : 6(,1983 ). 114. [ ] : 31 :,,. ( 2,1969 ) [ ] : 25(,,2004 ). [ ] : 39(,1974 ). [ ] : 7( 1,1967 ). [ ] : 8(, 204,,2012 ). :,,,1985. [ ] : 23(,, 1987 ). [ ] : 7(,,2005 ). 89. [ ] :(,1983 ). [ ] :(,1983 ). [ ] : 16 ( :,1982 ). [ ] : 198 173 [ ] : 53:,,,? (,1983 ) [ ] : 169., 5 :,,,,, [ ] : 11-43(, 1957 ). [ ] : 4(,1983 ). [ ] : 44 (,1990 ). [ ] :(,,1981 ). [ ] : (,,1988 ). 49 [ ] : 8(,,1985 ). 184. 104. [ ] : 5(,1983 ). [ ] :(,1981 ). 81. [ ] : 11(,,1919 ), 29 (,,1995 ). :«:»,,,2013, 4-5. [ ] : 322(,1985 ). [ ] : 16(,1955 ). 31 (,,1983 ):,., :, ;,. (,1983 ):,, :, ;,,,,,, [ ] : 44(,1983 ). [ ] : 48(,,1919 ). 77. [ ] : 4(,,1987 ). [ ] : 20(,1983 ). 32 : : 117
3 ( ) 2014,,,,,,.,, [ ] :,?, «, :». «:»(,,2006 ) :(,1977 ). «( )»(,1984 ) 50,, 4(,,2010 ). ( ) :«の» 5 «の»(,2001 ). [ ] : 84(,1965 ). [ ] :(,1986 ). [ ] : 2( ). 267. [ ] : 5(,, 2012 ). 267. [ ] : 3(,1983 ). :, «:»(,2013 ). «の と» (,2001 ). [ ] : 87(, :,1919 ) :,,,,, :,,,.,. :(, 1999 ). Scholars FateandTransformationofSociety AnExampleoftheEmpiricalStudiesontheTransformation ofthesongandyuandynasties WANG Ruilai (ResearchInstituteforOrientalCultures,GakushuinUniversity,Tokyo171G8588,Japan) Abstract:Theresearchesoftheimperialexaminationsystemhavebeenfocusingonscholars passingtheexamination andtheprocessoftheirfameandfortuneseeking.however,theirlaterfateswereseldomstudied.thepaperreviewsthe dificultiesanddilemmaofloweroficialcandidatesandtheirdisappointmentatshiftingpostsofadministrationthrough recommendation.theirchangedmentalitybroughtaboutthechangeoftheirfates,andtheirfateswerediferent.basedon theanalysisofthehistoricalfacts,thepaperholdsthatthediferentandfrustratedfatesofscholarsembodythetransforg mationofsocietyandelaboratethetransformationofthesongandyuandynasties. Keywords:passingtheimperialexamination,oficialcandidate sshiftingpostofadministration,scholars fate, transformationofthesongandyuandynasties,transformationofsociety ( : ) 118