29 1 2005 1 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol1 29, No1 1 Jan1 2005 1 1 2 1 1 1, 100029 2, 100085, 100629895 (2005) 0120047210 P641 A How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer WU Guo2Xiong 1,LIU Yi2Min 1,LIU Xin 2,DUAN An2Min 1, and LIANG Xiao2Yun 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics ( LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 2 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 Abstract Recent studies concerning the influences of the elevated heating over the Tibetan Plateau on the Asian climate pattern are summarized. These include the thermal adaptation of the atmosphere to diabatic heating, the combined effects of the local heating and continental scale heating, the impacts of surface friction and the energy source of waves based on theoretic analysis, data diagnose, and numerical simulation. The different impacts on circulation between the Tibetan Plateau, Rocky Mountain and Andes Mountain are also addressed. Key words thermal adaptation, continental2scale quadruplet heating, elevated plateau heating, energy source of stationary waves 1 20 [1 ] 19 (4) ;,, 100 200 m (5), [2 ] 1957 5,,, : [3 ], 1954 1956 [4, ] 2003211208 ZKCX22SW2210 40135020, 40221503, 40475027, 40405016,, 1943, E2mail : gxwu @lasg1iap1ac1cn
48 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol1 29 500 hpa, Flohn [2 ] 7 8 d W = F + (thermal anticyclonic cell), d a Q, (1) t ( ), F, Q, a,, W = P = a (2) [5 ] (1) 1979, GARP ( FGGE), (QXPMEX21979) [6 ] [15 ] :, (i) [3 ] [15, 16, PV2 ] ; (ii) [17, 18 ] ( Q 1, Q 2 ), Yanai,, [7 10 ], ; (iii), Sverdrup : v g ( f + ) - 1 z Q z. (3) ; (i),, ( ) [11, 12 ],??, [19, 20 ] 1a b (ii) (iii) 2 3 4 (IAPΠLASG), (GOALS) [21 ] [22 ] 5 42 ( 218125 1166 ), 9 ( R42L9) 6 [22 ] ( ), 7 2, (176 W, ) 100 W m - 2,, 3,, ( 1a) 8 d - 1, [13 ] = 018 ; Ertel 500 hpa ( [14 ] ),, 1 K, F Q 7 15, 7 [15 (ii) ], (11 S 11 N, 165 E 157 W)
1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer 49 1 LASGΠIAP GOALS : (a) (11 S 11 N, 165 E 157 W) 100 W, 3 (, : K d - 1 ) ( ) ( : K) ; (b) (7 N 33 N, 6715 E 11215 E) (, : K d - 1 ), 30 N ( : 10 6 m 2 s - 1 ) Fig. 1 Results from idealized numerical experiments using the LASGΠIAP GOALS model : (a) The vertical profile of heating rate (the right panel, in K d - 1 ), zonal deviated flow field (vector, in m s - 1 ) and potential temperature ( K) at day 3 forced by a prescribed surface sensible heating over the area (11 S 11 N, 165 E 157 W) ; (b) the stationary streamfunction deviation from its zonal mean (10 6 m 2 s - 1 ) at 30 N forced by a prescribed deep condensation heating over the area (7 N 33 N, 6715 E 11215 E) (the shaded area, in K d - 1 ) ;, = 276 K = 283 [15 ] K,, [17, 18 ] [ (1) 1 ] (iii) NCEPΠNCAR [23, 24 ], (7 N 33 N, 6715 E 11215 E ) ; (22 N : 90 E) = 01336, 8 K d - 1 (LO), ; (SE) ; 1b 30 N (CO) ; ( 1b),,, (D) m - 2 ;, 3 [25 ]
50 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol1 29 LOSECOD (ii), [11, 12 5 ] [ 2a, b ( I) ; 3a, b ( II) ], (i), Rossby 4 1 [ 2c, d ( I) ; 3c, d ( (i) (ii), II) ], (ii) ( 5a) [27 ],, ( ) ( < - 7 K d - 1 ) ( v), 5b, 50 E, 70 E 90 E ; ( ),, 4 4 7 30 N, ( ) [26 ] ( ) ( 4 w 10 3 ) V > 0,,, ( ) 4 335 K, ( 5c e) [17, 18, 26 ],, 315 335 K 4 1986 1995 7 (, : K) (, : m s - 1, 1000 ) 30 N Fig. 4 1986-1995 July2mean cross2sections of potential temperature (contour, interval is 10 K) and wind (vector) along 30 N. The vertical motion has been multiplied by 1000
1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer 51, [27, ] ( 5d f), [25, ] 5 1981 1999 (a, c e, : m s - 1 ) (b, d f, : 10 2 Pa s - 1 ) ; (a) (b) 7 3215 N ; (c) (d) 7 4010 N ; (e) (f) 1 3010 S Fig. 5 1981-1999 mean cross2sections of v in m s - 1 and in 10 2 Pa s - 1 along 3215 N in East Asia in July (a and b), along 4010 N in North America in July (c and d), and along 3010 S in South America in January. The shaded area denotes orography
52 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol1 29, 5 GOALS,, AMIP II, 6 6 7 ( : m s - 1 ) ( : mm d - 1 ) : (a) ; (b) ; (c) (b) - (a), 1 7 > 120, 1500 m Fig. 6 The July2mean surface wind vector (m s - 1 ) and precipitation (the shaded area, in mm d - 1 ) in the idealized simulations for (a) without mountain experiment, (b) with mountain experiment, and (c) the difference between (b) and (a). The thick dashed line is the continent boundary, the area encircled by thick curves in (a) and (b) denote where the difference of wind direction between January and July is larger than 120, and the ellipse is the 1500 m contour line of the Tibetan Plateau
1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer 53, (3215 N, 8715 E), 5000 m, AGCM, 7 10, 8 NCEPΠNCAR 1980 1999 7 6a 7 30 N ( ) ( ),, ( 7a) 7 1,, 120 7 10 K,, = 018, ( 7b), ( 7c) ( 7d) ;, 6b,, 6, E = v y + p = - U y uv + f ( 6c) v R p + d - p Q p, (4),, 50 N, S A = - U y uv,, S, B = f U RfU p pv p = - p vt, (5),, R S C = -, p Q p = R2 p QT,, 500 hpa, E = S A + S B + S C + d. (6) 8d, e c 7 30 N S A, S B, S C 7, 6b 6a S A ( 8e) 400 hpa ; 30 N
54 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 29 Vol1 29 7 1981 1999 7 3010 N 1 K d - 1, (a) ; (b) ; (c) ; (d) Fig. 7 Vertical distributions of different heating in K d - 1 along 3010 N for (a) sensible heating, (b) condensation heating, (c) longwave radiative cooling, and (d) total heating. The vertical coordinate is ( S B < 0, 8d) 7 [3 ( S C > 0, 8c) 7 1957 ], 8c,,, S C 85 E, 105 E, 120 E, ( 8b) ( 8a)
1 No1 1 : Wu Guo2xiong, et al. How the Heating over the Tibetan Plateau Affects the Asian Climate in Summer 55 8 1981 1999 7 30 N : (a) ( : mm d - 1 ) ; (b) ( : K) ( : - 100 Pa s - 1 ) ; (c) S C ; (d) S B ; (e) S A 10 4 m 2 s - 3 Fig18 1981-1999 July2mean pressure2longitude cross sections along 30 N of (a) precipitation (mm d - 1 ), (b) potential temperature ( K) and vertical velocity ( - 100 Pa s - 1 ), and the sources of stationary wave energy (c) S C, (d) S B, and (e) S A in units of 10 4 m 2 s - 3, 50,,,,, [ 1 ],,,.., 2004, 62 (5) : 528 540 Wu Guoxiong, Mao Jiangyu, Duan Anmin, et al. Recent progress in
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