* * : : DOI:10.16696/j.cnki.11-4090/d.2016.02.005 2014 11 24 (InternationalTelecommunication Union ITU) 2014 30 6.6%; 40% 1 20 ( ) * 1 ; htp: /news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2014-05/11/c 126485260.htm 2015 11 1
2016 02 2012 8 (TheInternetSociety) 20 1 83% 13% 2 ( ) 20 60 (Facebook) (Twiter) 2009 2011 1.5 6 3 21 (HamadounToure) 4 30 43 90% ; 2 3 UN HumanRightsCouncil (2011)ReportoftheSpecialRapporteuronthe Promotionand Protection ofthe Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression Frank La Rue.16 May 2011 A/HRC/17/27 4 htps: /www.internetsociety.org/sites/default/files/gius2012 -GlobalData-Table-20121120 0.pdf :2015 11 1 para.2.retrieved from htp: / www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/17session/a.hrc.17.27 en.pdflastvisitedonnovember42015. htp: /news.xinhuanet.com/info/2013-05/16/c 132378960.htm :2015 11 4
5 ( RighttoInternetAccess) (FrankLa Rue) : ; 6 ( ) 7 1948 1993 5 See M.WarschauerTechnology and SocialInclusion:Rethinkingthe Digital DivideCambridge: MA:MITPress2013p.22. 6 A/HRC/17/27supranote3para.2. 7 SeeManfredNowakIntroductiontotheInternational Human Rights RegimeLeiden: MartinusNi- jhofpublisherp.1.
2016 02 8 9 : ; ; 瑏瑠 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 : (1) 13 : ; 8 9 瑏瑠 瑏瑡 瑏瑢 A/CONF.157/23 5 htp: / www.un.org/chinese/esa/social/youth/vienna.htmlastvisitedon4november42015. 217A (I) : 2006 62 : 2003 159 : 2006 9
瑏瑣 (2) 21 (HilaryClinton) : 瑏瑤 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 (3) 26 : 瑏瑣 瑏瑥 瑏瑦 Jenny Wilson UnitedNationsReportDeclaresInternetAccessaHumanRight TIMETechlandht- tp: /techland.time.com/2011/06/07/united-nations-report-declares-internet-access-a-human-right/visited on November102015;SeealsoDavidKravets (June32011) U.N.ReportDeclaresInternetAccessaHuman Right htp: /www.wired.com/2011/06/internet-a-human-right/visitedonnovember102015. 瑏瑤 SeeDouglas Rutzen and Jacob Zenn Association and Assemblyin the Digital Age htp: / www.icnl.org/research/journal/vol13iss4/art 1.htmvisitedonNovember102015. Ibid. VintonCerf InternetAccessIsNotaHumanRight htp: /www.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/opin- ion/internet-access-is-not-a-human-right.htmlvisitedon November102015;seealsoJilian York Middle East Memes:A guide htp: /www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/20/middle-east-memes-guide INTCMP=SRCHvisitedonNovember102015.
2016 02 (4) 1 1 : (HamadounToure) IT 10% (GDP) 1.28%- 2.5% 瑏瑧 瑏瑧 htp: /ahumanright.org/visitedonnovember102015.
( ) (VivianeReding) : 瑏瑨 (Tim BernersLee) 瑏瑩 2013 8 27 (facebook) (Mark Zuckerberg) Internet.org ( ) 2008 2009 10 ;2010 7 1 瑏瑨 2007 11 13 瑏瑩 Tim Berners-Lee madethiscomparisonatan MIT symposium evententitled Computationandthe TransformationofPracticalyEverything on April122011htp: /www.hufingtonpost.com/2011/04/13/ berners-lee-internet-access-human-right n 848833.htmlvisitedonNovember72015.
2016 02 瑐瑠 2000 21 瑐瑡 2009 6 (ConstitutionalCouncil) 瑐瑢 5 A 瑐瑣 2010 7 瑐瑤 2011 瑐瑥 (NetworkNeutrality) 瑐瑦 2009 10 23 (FCC) 瑐瑧 2015 10 28 2017 6 15 瑐瑠 DonReisinger Finland Makes1MbBroadbandAccessaLegalRight CNetNews14October2009htp: /www.cnet.com/news/is-internet-access-a-fundamental-right/visitedonnovember72015. 瑐瑡 Colin Woodard EstoniaWhereBeing WiredIsaHumanRight ChristianScience Monitor1July 2003htp: /www.csmonitor.com/2003/0701/p07s01-woeu.htmllastvisitedonnovember72015. 瑐瑢 TopFrenchCourtDeclaresInternetAccess BasicHumanRight LondonTimes (FoxNews)12 June 2009 htp: / www.foxnews.com/story/2009/06/12/top-french-court-declares-internet-access-basic-hu- man-right.htmlvisitedonnovember72015. 瑐瑣 ConstitutionofGreece (AsrevisedbytheparliamentaryresolutionofMay27th2008oftheV IthRe- visionaryparliament)article5 (A). 瑐瑤 Judgment12790oftheSupremeCourt File09-013141-0007-COSupremeCourtofFrance30July2010. 瑐瑥 Sarah Morris Spaingottoguaranteelegalrighttobroadband Reuters17 November2009htp: /www.reuters.com/article/iduslh61554320091117visitedonnovember72015. 瑐瑦 瑐瑧 SeeE.Huizer NetworkNeutrality SocialScience Electronic Publishing10 (2008)pp.323-350. htp: /www.cnbeta.com/articles/402353.htmlastvisitedondecember152015.
瑐瑨 瑐瑩 (CommunicationsDecency Act CDA) (Children sonlineprivacyprotectionact COPPA CDA I) 2013 4 26 (con- nectedtv) 瑑瑠 : (PreparingforaFulyConverged AudiovisualWorld:Growth CreationandValues) (FirstAmendment) 瑑瑡 2002 瑑瑢 2006 ( 瑐瑨 瑐瑩 瑑瑠 connectedtv HBBTV HBBTV IP 瑑瑡 : : ; ; 瑑瑢 htp: /sky.cssn.cn/hqxx/bwych/201510/t20151029 2549730.shtmlvisitedonDecember152015 2012 2 ; ; 2010 45% C Wearden Camera Phones getthechopin Saudi Arabia htp: /news.zdnet.co.uk/story/0t269- s212312000.htmllastvisitedon4november2015.
2016 02 ) 瑑瑣 ( ) 2003 12 (WorldSummitonInformationSociety WSIS) (Declarationof Principles) (PlanforAction) : 瑑瑤 2011 5 瑑瑥 瑑瑣 : 2006 10 瑑瑤 See DeclarationofPrinciples WSIS-03/GENEVA/DOC/4-EWorldSummitontheInformationSo- cietygeneva12december2003. 瑑瑥 A/HRC/17/27supranote3para.67.
(alegalywel-structured universalsetofnormativestandards) 瑑瑦 ( ) 瑑瑧 50 48 (re- sponsetoaspecificthreatoractofrepression) 瑑瑨 瑑瑦 瑑瑧 瑑瑨 IntroductiontotheInternationalHumanRightsRegime supranote7p.2. R.J. : 1998 70 IntroductiontotheInternationalHumanRightsRegime supranote7p.3.
2016 02 瑑瑩 瑒瑠 瑒瑡 ( ) 瑑瑩 瑒瑠 瑒瑡 SeeBrianSkepys IsTherea Human RighttotheInternet JournalofPoliticsandLawVol.5 No.4 (November2012)p.16. IntroductiontotheInternationalHumanRightsRegime supranote7p.3. United Nations General Assembly (2011)10 August2011 A/66/290.Retrieved from htp: / www.un.org/zh/documents/view doc.asp symbol=a%2f66%2f290&submit=%e6%90%9c%e7%b4% A2&Lang=CvisitedonDecember152015.
(Human RightsInflation) 瑒瑢 瑒瑢 IsThereaHumanRighttotheInternet supranote32p.23.
2016 02 Abstract:Withtheadventoftheeraofinformationcomestherighttointernetac- ces.somecountriesandinternationalgroupsaswelasindividualsadvocatethattheright shouldbeconsideredasabasichumanright.whetheritshouldbeincorporatedintothein- ternationalhumanrightslawremainsanisuecorrespondingly.buttheauthorsarguethat althoughtherighttointernetaccesiscloselyrelatedtomanybasichumanrightssuchas freedom ofexpresionfreedom ofasembly andtherightofequalityand develop- ment.theinternationallawconceptshouldbedistinguished withtheconceptofthedo- mesticlawinthecurrentinternationallawespecialyfromsourcesofinternationalhu- manrights.thereisnotsoundlegalsourcefortherighttointernetaccessuchasuniversal treaty anditisnecesarytohavecommonunderstandingandacknowledgementonthe valueoftherightlimitsandobligationsofdifferentactorsconcerningtherightinthein- ternationalsociety.itisquiteposiblethattherighttointernetaccesisestablishedinthe internationalhumanrightslawinfuturebutitisnotnow. ( )