DOI:10.14182/j.cnki.j.anu.2014.03.007 42 3 Vol.42.3 ( ) JournalofAnhuiNormalUniversity(Hum.&Soc.Sci.) 20145 May2014 * 崔迎春 ( 100083) : 日本 ; 老龄化 ; 高龄者雇用政策 ; 高龄者再就业 : 日本自 20 世纪 70 年代步入老龄化社会之后 老龄化进程的日益加剧不仅加重了老年赡养负担 更带来一系列雇用问题为此 日本政府将促进高龄者再就业确立为最重要的劳动雇用政策之一 逐步尝试实施以延迟退休年龄为主的雇用政策予以应对日本高龄者雇用维持政策分为萌芽期 实现 60 岁退休 制的时期和实现 65 岁退休制的时期等三个阶段这一政策对我国在应对日益严重的老龄化问题方面可提供一定的借鉴和参考 :K313.5 :A :1001-2435(2014)03-0334-10 SeniorCitizen'sEmploymentPoliciesunderBackgroundofPopulationAginginJapan CUIYing-chun (Departmentof Humanitiesand DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China) ployment Keywords:Japan;populationaging;theseniorcitizen'semploymentpolicies;theseniorcitizen'sre-em- Abstract:AfterJapan'sagingsocietysincethe1970sagingprocessnotonlyincreasestheburdenofsup- portbutbringsaseriesofemploymentproblems.forthisreasonthejapanesegovernmentpromotesthe seniorcitizen'sre-employmentasoneofthemostimportantlaborandemploymentpoliciesandtriestodelay theretirementagestepbystepinordertosolvetheproblem.theseniorcitizen'semploymentpolicyisdi- videdintothreestages:buddingstageretirementat60andretirementat65.thispolicycanbereference forchina'scopingwithincreasinglyseriousagingproblem. [1] ; (1947-1949 ) [2] 20 70 ; 2004 [3] ; [4] ; * :2013-12-29; :2014-02-24 : (1974-) :. [J]. : 2014(3):334-343.
3 : 335 ( ) [5] ; 1 1950 4.9% [6] 10% 1970 7% [7] 24(1994) [8] 14% 47 115 [5]66 2002 18.5% 2013 201210 1 1 2752 65 3079 24.1% 4.2 165 75 [10] :1 2020 2 (2013 )2-17 1 (1950-2060) [9] (2025) 3657 (1971-1974) 65 2015 1 2035 3395 75 33.4%3 1 65
336 ( ) 2014 42 2060 2.5 1 75 1973 1.1 26.9% 4 1 75 [9] 20 70 2 70 2010 14%1994 28.6 [11] 50 5% 30% 1 :1 2 (2013 )1 1-1-11 2 (1970-2010) [10] 1970 55 20 59.57 69.31 1973 62.97 74.66 [13] 55 1000 19.76 21.83 [4]9 100-999 2010 90% 30-99 55% 55 25.48 55 31.40( 1) 57 [12]362 55 20 1 1961 20
3 : 337 [1]108 [4]9 1 [4]9 [13] 5565 1950 59.57 62.97 11.35 13.36 1960 65.32 70.19 11.62 14.10 1970 69.31 74.66 19.76 21.83 12.50 15.34 1980 73.35 78.76 14.56 17.68 1990 75.92 81.90 16.22 20.03 2000 77.72 84.60 17.54 22.42 2010 79.55 86.30 25.48 31.40 18.74 23.80 2011 79.44 85.90 18.69 23.66 2035 82.40 89.13 20.93 26.17 2060 84.19 90.93 22.33 27.72 :11950 65 1950~1952 2 19 1 (2010) [7]35 3 70 30 55-64 [14]55 55-59 60-64 65 1975 0.15 0.08 0.03 ( 0.65 )1985 0.26 0.16 0.06 ( 0.77) 1995 60-64 0.08(0.63) [4]11-16 [15]1-2 70
338 ( ) 2014 42 :1 12 2 a-81 3 ( ) (1972-2013) [16] 1961 [5]5 ( ) ( ) 2 1963 70 ( 2) ;1966 60 44-65 65 [4]2 ( 一 ) 高龄者雇用政策的萌芽期 20 50 45 55 4565( 65) 1950 4.9% 1960 5.7% [9] 6% ;1971 60 70 55 50 70 1966
3 : 339 2 [3]45 [17] 1963 1966 1971 1973 1976 4465 ( ) 2 (1973 ) 60 3 (1976) 60~64 1979 1986 4 (1979) 60 (= ) 60 1990 1994 60 1999 2000 9 (1999 ) 10 65 65 ( 65 ) 2001 2004 (20064 ) 65 2007 2013 65 : (2012) 5 (2013) ( 二 ) 实现 60 岁退休制的时期 70 ;1979 55 4 1975 797 [9] 55 60 ( 2) 55 (1973 1976 ) 60 [18]140 1973 2 (1973) [18]191-192 70 (1972-1976 ) 60 80 60 ( 2) 1986 1976 3 (= ) 60 1994 60-64 1998
340 ( ) 2014 42 60 ( 2) 90 65 2000 60 ( 三 ) 实现 65 岁退休制的时期 65 ( 65 ) 90 60 1990 ( 2) 6 60 2001 [4]16 1994 60 1998 60 60-64 1995 5.7% 65 2.5 0.08 ( 0.63) [4]16 60-64 2013 1994 14%55 20% 60-64 65 900 2007 60 2012 65 2004 2006 4 [19]4 65 80 65 1985 60 65 1994 20064 1 3 1 60-64 652013 65 ;2 [3]47 2001-2013 65 [4]16-17 60 5 65 60 65 [4]19 2004 65 65 20 70 [9] 800 10 ;3 [19]4 1999 9 10 2 2013 1 2000 2013~2025 65 5 2030 65 2 14 31 ( 301 ) 2818 [21]
3 : 341 92.3% 81.2% 65 16.0% 2.8% ( 4) 65 2013 60 65 51 60 65.5% 246 1/3 [20] 60 (36.7 272 65~69 61 (2005) 141( 4) ) 76.5% 1.2% [20] : (2013)3-1 8 4 (2013) [20] 20 60 199860 25 70 60 65 65 14 [18]2 65 2004 ( 2) 1973 60 60 [6]33 [21]4-5 199710
342 ( ) 2014 42 70 2009 2010 2013 [21]9-12 65 2010 2.3 [21] 400 2009 60 11.8% 11.0% 7.7% 60 55.9% [22]14 [17] 5 60 [25] 2013 6487 ( ) 1000 [23]4 [23]7 2012 60-64 65 83.1% 79.9%2007 1.73.3 2% 1/3 2007 8.1% 2050 [24]79 0.42.5 23% [6]34 70 ( 2013 ) [19]7
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