( )C:H:O = 40.0 12 : 6.7 1 :53.3 = 3.33:6.7:3.33 = 1:2:1(10 ) 16

4.C + H O CO + H (3 ) 2 2

11.2 5.6 = 0.5 O 2 ; = 0.25) H 2 (3 22.4 22.4 0.322.41000 x = = 60 (4 ) 256

+ + (1) K NH PO, 4 (, ): 4

(, ):

(1)C 6H 6 + 3Cl 2 C6H 6Cl 6 (4 ) ( ) (2) 2Na + 2H O = 2NaOH + H (2 ) 2 2 FeCl + 3NaOH = Fe(OH) + 3NaCl (2 ) 3 3 (3) CaCO 3 + 2HCl = CaCl 2 + H2O + CO2

++ ( ) CaCO Ca CO, 1. 3 3 4FeS +11O 2Fe O +8SO ( ) 2 2 2 3 2 V 2 O 5 ( Pt) 2SO + O 2SO ( ) 2 2 3 450-500 H 2 SO 4 3 2 2 4 SO + H O H SO ( )

+ NH : NaOH,, 4 + - NH +OH = H O + NH 4 2 3 + + NH + NaOH = Na + H O + NH 4 2 3 4 2 3 ) NH Cl + NaOH = NaCl + H O + NH (3 PO : AgNO, : 4 3 + PO 4 + 3Ag = Ag 4PO 4 PO 4 + 3AgNO 3 = 3NO 3 + Ag 3PO4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 + 3AgNO 3 = 3NH 4NO 3 + Ag 3PO 4 (4 ) 258.553 x = = 58.5 106 70 = 58.5 = 83.6 (8 ) 100 CO = y = 2 53000 2 = 1000 (6 ) 106

( ) (5),

1..( ) 2..( ) 3.,.( ) ( ) (, ):

( ) (, ):

+ -- H S 1 ; H S H S,. 2 2 2

1 1 :,, 2 2 " " " ". "NaOH" " ", "NaCl" " ",,

1.(, 2 ) 2, Cl - O H - :,. 1 2

( ) : (1) (C H O )n + nh O nc H O (2 ) 6 10 5 2 6 12 6 nc H O = 2nC H OH + 2nCO (2 ) 6 12 6 2 5 2 C H O = 2C H OH + 2CO 6 12 6 2 5 2 1,. 2 ( ) CH = CH + H O C H OH, 2. 2 2 2 2 5

nh 2 O1 1. 2 10010.8 x = = 36( ) 30 100 10.8 100:30 = x:10.8, x =,. 30 10.8100 x = = 26.47( ) 26.5( ) 40.8

36100 x = = 26.47( ) 26.5( ) 136 16067.2 x = = 96( )( Fe 2O 3 ) 112 ( )1.NaCl +H SO NaHSO + HCl (2 ) 2 4 4 2NaCl + H SO Na SO + 2HCl. 2 4 2 4

(NH ) SO + BaCl = BaSO + 2NH Cl (1 ) 4 2 4 2 4 4 NH Cl + NaOH NH + NaCl + H O (1 ) 4 3 2

( ) (, ):

(H2SO4) ( )1.C2H5OH C2H 4 +H2O (2 ) 160-180 C ( ) :(1)(C H COO) C H + 3NaOH 17 35 3 3 5 3C H COONa + C H (OH) (3 ) 17 35 3 5 3

322.4 1000 x = = 231( ) 291 y = 78 1 = 0.268( 0.27)( ) 291 80 0.268 = 0.34( ) 100

5002 = 1( ) (2 ) 1000 37 36.5 = 98.6( ) (3 ) 100 + NH + OH - = NH + H O (2 ) 4 3 2 - Al(OH) + OH = AlO - + 2H O (1 ) 3 2 2

( )1.2SO 2 + O2 2SO 3 (3 ) 500 2.C H + H O CH CHO (3 ) 2 2 2 3 ( 2 ) ( ) C H, ( ) 2 2 ( ) CH 3CHO, C2H 2( )

- - - = = ( ) OH Cl NO CO SO 3 ( ) (, ): 3 4

3.(1)4HCl + MnO MnCl + Cl + 2H O (2 ) 2 2 2 2

10010 x = 22.4 = 44.6( ) (4 ) 44.6100 = = 50 (2 ) 90 y = 2 10 = 0.893( ) (4 ) 22.4 0.8931000 z = = 149( ) (4 ) 6

= (4),. SO (2 ) 4

1. = 12.8 188 24 = 100 12 12 = 2 (1 = 2.2 188 = 4.1 4 100 1 (1 ) = 85 188 160 = 100 80 80 = 2 (1 1.1 = 560 (14 + 3) = 0.425( ) (4 ) 22400 0.425 100 = 29.8% 30% ( 3) 1 + 0.425 30 2.1000 0.9017 = 15.916( ) 100

CO = OH (, 3 2. 3.

= + CO + 2H = CO + H O (1 ) 3 ++ 2 2 = Ba + SO 4 = BaSO 4 (1) 1065.6 x = = 26.5( ) (3 ) 22.4 26.5 100% = 98% 27

x = 2 5.6 = 0.5( ) (3 ) 22.4 200 6 = 1.2( ) (2 ) 1000 0.7 1000 x = = 3.5( ) 200

C H +H O (HgSO ) 4 2 2 2 CH3CHO (2 )

3. CH CHO + H (Ni) 3 2 CH3CH 2OH (2 ) 2CH CHO + O ( ) 2CH COOH (2 ) 3 2 3 CH COOH + C H OH ( ) CH OOOC H + H O (2 ) 3 2 5 3 2 5 2 CH CHO + Ag O ( ) CH COOH + 2Ag (2 ) 3 2 2 1. 2Cu + O 2CuO (1 ) 2 12798 x = = 196( ) (4 ) 63.5 196100 = 109( ) (6 ) 1.8498 Cu + 2H SO ( ) CuSO +SO + 2H O 2 4 4 2 2

++ - CaCO + CO + H O = Ca + HCO (1 ) 3 2 2 + - H + HCO = H O + CO (2 ) 3 2 2 3

= + CO H, 3 - + - + 3 HCO H, OH H,, (3 )

V = T 0 P 0 0 PV T = 273 750 4 = 3.59( ) 760 300 363.59 x = 22400 = 0.00577( ) 0.00577 100% = 0.48% 1.2

= + CO + 2H = H O + CO (2 ) 3 2 2 6.6 100% = 94.3% (4 ) 7.0 x 7 - x 11 - x 2 82 = x + 7 - x + 11- x + 82 = 96.7 2 6.6 SO2 100% = 94.3% 7.0

Cu + 2H SO CuSO + SO + 2H O (2 ) 2 4 4 2 2

+ 1 NH (2 ) 4 = = 4 3 ++ ++ SO CO, Ca Ba (4 ) ++ = Ba + SO = BaSO (2 ) 4 4 1000 1.232% 1 = = 6.1(M) (8 ) 63 Ag% = 0.259 100% = 86.4% (2 ) 0.3 0.10.024108 Ag% = 100% = 86.4% 0.3

49 N 4 100% ( 100% 0.5 ) N ( 2 ) 4 1000d 2 5.4NH + 5O Pt 3 2 4NO + 6H2O(, 1 )

Y 100% = 40% Y = 32 Y +316

2-2+ S + Zn = ZnS CH CH OH + CuO CH CHO + H O + Cu 3 2 3 2 CH CHO + 2[Ag(NH ) ]OH CH - COONH + 2Ag + 3NH + H O (1 ) 3 3 2 3 4 3 2 0.475 46 2 x = = 1.95 2 (1 ) 22.4

OH - 2 SO 4 1 ( 05. )

0.672 0.672 = 0.03 (1 ) 22.4 A (SO ) + ybacl = ybaso + xacl (2 ) x 4 y 2 4 2y x y2330.114 M 1 = = y114 0.233 (3 )

PV = g M RT 10.0902 = 0.1335 0.0821100 M 2 2 1) y = 1 A SO + BaCl BaSO + xacl ( 1) x 4 2 4 2 x 18 2)M 1 = 114 = xa + 96 x = ( 1 ) x 18 3) M 2 = 1335. = A + 35. 5 2 ( 1) A

), ( ).

2Al +3Cl 2 2AlCl 3 1 2Al + 3S Al2S 3 1

(2) : 2426 22400 = 0.11( ) 2 CO 1 2 :20 5.3% 106 = 0.01( ) 2 Na SO : 12.6 2 3 100% = 63% 2 20 CO 1 2 :20 5.3% 106 = 0.01( ) 2 SO :2240 22400 = 0.1( ) 2 1 Na SO : 12.6 2 3 100% = 63% 2 20

(2),,

1, O m, ( 2 V 2 (a)mno (b)no (c)br (d)so 4 3 4

12. ( ).

2+ 2 (a)cu (b)hcl (c)hno (d)co 3 3 1.M = WRT 1.3800.082300 = = 34.0( ) PV 760 1 760

3Cl + 6OH = ClO + 5Cl + 3H O. 2 3 2 x 142 = 100 12 x = 1183( ) (1 ) = 0.50 4 1000 = 5.010 ( ) (1 ) 6 110 1183 6 = = 2.410 ( ) (1 ) 4 5.010 H 2SO 4 2.C2H5OH CH 2 = CH 2+ H 2O (1 ) 170

H 2SO 4 4.(C 6H10O 5) n + nh2o nc6h12o 6 (1 ) n = p = 270 n p 390 = 9 (2 ) 13 K = [CO ] 2 2 2 [CO] [O ] = (0.80) = 7.14 (1 ) 2 2 (0.16) (0.35) 2 2 [CO 2] [CO] [O ],, 2 2

3.VO O V + 1 2 V = 3V 2 ( ) m 2 O O V 3V m 2 (1 ) 2 V 3 2 V = 2 m (1 )

2 + 2+ (a)co H HCO Ca ; 3 + + (b)ag NH OH NO ; 4 3 + (c)i ClO NO H ; 2 2 (d)so SO Cl OH ; 3 4 3 3

17. 4FeS +11O 2Fe O +8SO, 2 2 2 3 2

.

(b) (A) (B) (C). 2.00N NaOH, NaOH 25.50, SO 2 4

+ 2. A,NH? 4 2+ - (b)ca + HCO + OH = CaCO + H O ( 1.5 ) 3 3 2

(11)NH ( ) (12) ( ) 4 +

2 2 (c)2ch = CH + O 2CH CHO (1 ) 2 2 2 PdCl - CuCl 3

P 1 P = P 1.2P = n 1 l 9.2 / 92 = n n P = nrt V = 0.12 0.082 298 = 1.47 (1 ) 2 1 NO = 0.02 2 N O 0.1-0.02 = 1 2 2 4 2 (1 ) 0.04 3.K = [NO ] 2 2 [ ] [N2O ] = 2 = [0.02] 2 2 = 0.01 0.08 4 [0.04] [ ] 2 (3 )

NH + 0.049 18 4 % = 100% = 9.19% (1 ) 9.60 NH SO + 4 2 4 = 2m m + 1 + 9.60 A NH 4 = NH 3 = 0.049 2 9.6 0.49 9.60 A SO 4 = = 0.049 96 2m m + 1 = 0.049 0.049 SO % = 0.49 = 9 + 96m 2 4 m = 1 M + ( NH M ) 4 9.6 + 2m = 0.049(9.6 A NH 4 ) (1) 152 +132m +18n 96 + 96m 2 = 0.49(SO 4 ) (2) 152 +132m +18n

3+ ( A) Al ( B) Cl ( C) MnO ( D) H O 4 2 2

67.2 2 = 6 (1 ) 22.4 /

N V = N V 1 1 2 2 N 25 = 0.1 50 1 0.1 50 N 1 = = 0.2 (2 ) 25 0.2 100 n = = 0.01 (2 ) 2 1000 = W n = 2.44 0.01 = 244( / ) M = 244(2 ) (137 + 235.5) + x18 = 244 244 208 x = = 2 (2 ) 18 0.528 12 C = 0.144( ) 44 0.216 2 H = 0.024( ) 18 O 0.264 0.144 0.024 = 0.096( ) (1 ) : : : : C H O = 0.144 0.024 0.096 16 12 1 16 = 0.012 0.024 0.006 : : : : = 2 4 1 (1 )

PV = nrt = W M M RT = WRT 0.1650.082 (273 +127) = (1 ) PV 10.082 = 66( / ) A M = 44 a B M = 44 b A B 44 a + 44 b = 66 2 (0.5 ) a + b = 662 = 3 (0.5 ) 44 M A + M B, = 66 2

(E)Q 2 = 1 2 Q 1

+ 3 (A),Na PO 3 4

(1) NH 3 + O 2 NO + H2O

60 (1) + (2) +

Al(OH) + OH = AlO + 2H O (1 ) 3 2 2 3+ 3+ ( Al + 4OH = Al(OH) Al + 4OH = AlO + 2H O ) 4 2 2 2 2+ SO + Ba = BaSO (1 ) 4 4 2+ 2 Ca + CO = CaCO (1 ) 3 3 2+ 2 Ba + CO = BaCO (1 ) 3 3 2 + CO + 2H = CO + H O (1 ) 3 2 2

250 CuSO45H2O10.2 = 15.9( ) (2 ) 160 500 1.02 2.00% 250 = 15.9( ) 4. 160

10.2 1000 = 0.128(M) 160 500 15.9 1000 = 0.127(M) (2 ) 250 500 10001.022.00% = 0.128(M) (4 ) 160 Na CO + 2HCl x 2x === 2NaCl + H O + CO 2 3 2 2 x NaHCO + HCl y y === NaCl + H O + CO 3 2 2 y Na 2SO4 + Ba(OH) 2 === 2NaOH + BaSO4 z z NaOH + HCl === NaCl + H 2O 2.016 CO 2 = 0.0900( ) (1 ) 22. 4 Na SO z = 1.48 233 = 0.00635( ) 2 4 Na CO % = 7.42 2 3 100% = 74.2% (1 ) 10.00 NaHCO % = 1.68 3 100% = 16.8% (1 ) 10.00 Na SO % = 0.902 2 4 100% = 9.02% (1 ) 10.00

0.00250 0. 0500 + 0.0500 = 0.0250(M) 0.00250 = 0.0250(M) (1 ) 0.0500 + 0.0500 + [H ][CH 3COO ] 5 = 1.96 10 [CH COOH] 3 x(0.0250 x) 5 = 1.9610 0.0250 x (2 )

2 ( A) CO ( B) Cl ( C) OH 3 ( D) AlO ( E) HCO 2 3

M(a - b) 18M(a - b) (a- b)b (A) (B) (C) 18b ab 18M M(a - b)b (a - b)m (D) (E) 18a 18

+ (E) NH + OH - = NH H O 4 3 2 + + + 2+ 2+ 7., NH K Na Mg Ba 4 3+ 3+ 2 2 Al Fe SO CO NO Cl I. : 4 3 3

H 2 ( ) + 1 O ( ) = ( 2 ) + 2 H 2O Q1 (D) 1 2 Q = Q (E) 1 2 Q = Q 2 1 1 2

7.I - Ba 2+ + NH 4 2 2+ 3+ 3+ 2 3 4 CO Mg Al Fe SO + + Cl K Na NO ( 0.5, 6 ) 3 2.2Fe + O 2 2FeO FeO +C Fe +CO ( 1, 2 )

2x = 25% 100 x + 300 3x + 2x

+ 3 2 [H ][CH3COO ] (4.010 ) 5 = = 1.610 = K (1) [CH COOH] 1.0 3 + 2 [H ] 5 : = 1.6 10 0.10

10. M :2MNO 2M + 2NO + O 3 2 2. (A

+ 2 4 (D)NH (E)S

+ 3+ (A)K Al NO AlO 3 3 2 3 (B)Cu Al Cl NO + + 3 (C)Ca Fe SO Mg 2+ 3+ 2 2+ 4 2 (D)Mg H Cl NO + + 3 + + 2 2 (E)Na K CO SO 3 4

NO 3 NO 3 NO 3

(A) 3 (B) 8 (C)3 8 3 (D) 3 (E) 2 2 3 33. V Fe 3 2 + m, SO (A) 56m V M 3m (B) 56V M (C) m 56V M (D) m 84V M 3m (E) 112V M 1 A (A) (B) 2 2 3 3 (C) A (D) A 14 20 4

3Mg+N Mg N ( 1, 5 ) 2 3 2 8. MnO + 4HCl Cl + MnCl + 2H O 2 2 2 2 2KMnO + 16HCl = 2KCl + 2MnCl + 5Cl + 8H O 4 2 2 2 4HCl+ O CuCl 2 2Cl 2 + 2H 2O 450 2 KMnO 4 > MnO 2 > O 2

1. (1)C + H O( ) CO + H (0.5 ) 2 2 CO + H 2O( ) CO 2 + H 2 (0.5 ) (2)N 2 + 3H2 2NH 3 (1 ) (3)4NH 3 +5O2 4NO +6H2O (1 ) : (1) C+2H 2O CO 2 +2H2 1.

(5)C H + Br Fe 6 6 2 C6 H5Br + HBr ( 0.5, 3 ) 7M + 5M + 3M = 5.36 a b c 15 (2 ) 0.15 7y 3x + 5y 5x + 3y 7x = 5.36 7y +5y + 3y = 0.15 (,2 ) x = 8 : y = 0.01 ( x = 8,1 ) 0.37 0.2025.0 = x 1000 x = 74 (1 ) 1.00 0.5020 A = 0.50(M) B = 0.22(M) (1 ) 2 45

2 x 5 = 1.8 10 0.50 (1) 2 y 5 = 1.810 0.22 (1)

(A

Z,

21.

NaOH (C)CH CH Br + H O CH CH OH + HBr 3 2 2 3 2 (D)CH COONa + CO + H O CH COOH + NaHCO 3 2 2 3 3

2(m - n) (A) (B) 24n (C) m - n n (D) 3n m - n 8n 24(m - n) 3,, 5 (A) 1-8 -10 (10 + 10 )M 2-8 -10 (B)(10 + 10 )M

W (A) 10 W (B) 2 14.

+ - 2- - (A)K HCO CO Br 2- - - + (B)CO HCO OH K 3 3+ 2+ - (C)Fe Cu NO SO + - + (D)H Cl Na SO 3 3 3 3 2-3 2-4 3. P + CuSO + H O = Cu + H PO + H SO 4 2 3 4 2 4 P + CuSO + H O = Cu P + H PO + H SO 4 2 3 3 4 2 4

3.(1)CH3 - C H - CH2 - CH2 - CH 3 Cl (2)CH3 - CH2 - C H - CH2 - CH 3 Cl (3)CH3 - C H - CH2 - CH2 - Cl CH (4)CH - CH 3 2 3 CH CH 3 - CH - Cl 2 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H 2+ Cl 2 (1 ) :CH 2 = CH 2 + Cl2 C H C H (CCl 4) Cl Cl 2 2

W - W MCaCl 2 2 MCaCO3 8.KClCaCl 2 = W MCaCl (1 ) 2 2 MCaCO 3 [ (W- W MCaCl 2 MCaCO ):W 2 3 MCaCl 2 MCaCO,WMCaCO W MCaCl, W, ] 1 2 3 3 2 2 W 1, 100 1 111W 2KClO MnO 3 2KCl + 3O 2 (0.5 ) 2 122.5 274.5 322.4 x 0.672 2122.50.672 x = 322.4 2 2 (1 ) = 2.45( ) (0.5 ) 2122.5 1.49 y = (1 ) 274.5 = 2.45( ) (0.5 )

2.45 100% = 50% (0.5 ) 2.45 + 2.45 2 2KClO MnO 3 2KCl + 3O 2 (0.5 ) O : 0.672 2 = 0.030( ) 22.4 (0.5) 2 KClO 3 : 0.030 = 0.020( ) 3 (0.5) 4.04-0.10-2.45 74.5 (1 ) = 0.020( ) (0.5 ) 0.020 100% = 50% 0.020 + 0.020 (0.5 ) (2)CO " ": 2.688 2= 0.12( ) 22.4 (0.5) 8.74 (C O ) " ": 0.12 2 4 = 0.06( ) 2 (0.5) 0.56 = 0.01( ) (0.5 ) 56

D : 8.7412.8% = 56 (0.5 ) 0.02 8.74-56 A = 0.02 = 44 2 0.06 = 39 0.06 (0.5 ) A ( K); K Fe(C O ) 3 2 4 3

,.

(A)F (B)Cl ( C) NH ( D) NH 3 2

+ 3+ 2 (A)NH,Al,SO,NO 4 + + (B)K,Na,AlO,NO + + (C)K,NH,MnO - 2 4 4,SO (D)Na,K,NO,HSO - 4 + + 4 2 3 3 3 3 21.

+ - (A) : Na + 2H O = Na + 2OH + H 2 + (B) : CO + 2H = CO + H O - + (C) : OH + H = H O (D) : 3 2 2 2 2-2+ - 2H PO + 3Ba + 4OH = Ba (PO ) + 4H O 2 4 3 4 2 2 2

(A)C = W 1000 d (B)m = V d W M 100 (C)W% = C M 1000m % (D)C = 1000d V M

RCH COOH 2 Br 2 RCHCOOH Br

+ - - + - 37.[Na ] > [CH COO ] > [NO ] > [H ] > [OH ] 3 3 42.4NaCl( ) + 4H SO ( ) + MnO MnCl + 4NaHSO + Cl +2H O 2 NaCl( ) + H SO ( ) NaHSO + HCl 4HCl + MnO MnCl + Cl + 2H O ( 2NaCl( ) + 4H SO ( ) + MnO Mn(HSO ) + 2NaHSO + Cl + 2H O) 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 (2) 4FeS 2 +11O2 2Fe 2O 3 +8SO2

6FeSO + 3Br = 2Fe (SO ) + 2FeBr 4 2 2 4 3 3 - :CH3CHCOOH CH3CHCOO CH3 CHCOONa,. OH OH OH V V, H O 2 2 (1) V / V 2, V, V = a - b( ) O 2 H2 O 2 O2 V H 2 = b( ) (2) V / V < 2( O ), O H O 2 2 2 2 (a- b), V = 2(a - b)( ) (1 ) H2 V = a - 2(a - b) = 2b - a( ) (1 ) O 2 2NaHCO 3= Na2CO 3 + CO 2 + H2O ( 1) 2NaOH + CO 2 = Na 2CO 3 + H 2O

M H 2O 18 18.4 = 18.4 M + M 40 +84 = 2.67( ) NaOH NaHCO3 (M ) 84 18.4 - x = 18 (1 ) 1.8 x = 10( ) (1 ) 10 NaOH 100% = 54.3% (1 ) 18.4

:. (A B C.,, :, (A B

13. 2- - (C) :CO + 2CH COOH = CO + 2CH COO + H O 3 3 2 3 2 + - - 2- (A)K MnO Cl SO + - - (B)Na AlO NO CO + + (C)Na H NO SO + (D)Na SO S Cl 4 2 3 4-2- 3 4 2-2- - 4 2-3, ( ):,

(A) 18pn (B) 18pn p - q q (C) 18qn p (D) 18qn p - q 3 2+ - 25. 20 d / 1 Ca, NO d (A) / (B) 20 / 400 (C)2.5d / (D)1.25d / 3

:. (A B C (A) n - m (B) n - m 3 n + m (C) m - n (D) m - n 6 3 (A)(CH ) CHCH CH CH (B)(CH CH ) CHCH 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 (C)(CH ) CHCH(CH ) (D)(CH ) CCH CH 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3

V / V = 2 :. CO2 H 2O( ) V / V = 0.5. CO2 H 2O( )

V V / V CO2 H 2O / V CO2 H 2O

1 I2 0.00200 = 0.00100( ) 2 0.0010071.0 x% = 25.0 2.00 250 71.0 0.10020.0 x% = 2000 25.0 2.00 250 100% = 35.5% 100% = 35.5%

(2) W < a + b,a% > a W. W > a + b,a% W - b, A% > W - b W W. W < a + b, A% a, 1 ; A% = a W W,. W > a + b, A% = W - b W, 1.

( 1, 10..)

( 2, 30.. 11. N A.

+ 3+ + + (A)NH NO Al Cl (B)Na AlO K NO 4 4 3 + 2 2 4 2 + + (C)MnO K SO Na (D)K SO HCO Na 4 ( 3, 15..) 3 3 +

Vd 1000Vd (A) (B) MV + 2240 MV + 2240 (C) 1000VdM MV (D) MV + 2240 22.4 (V + 0.1)d -3-28. 0.1 / Na SO 30, 2 10 XO 2 3 4

(300 ) SO 2 ( )

36. 2Al(OH) Al O + 3H O Al O. 3 2 3 2 2 3

-3 1000 1000 8.40 10 = 33.6( ) 25.0 10 1000 1000 0.0100 0.0150 56 = 33.6( ) 25.0 10 0.010 25.0-6 = 4.4610 ( ) 56 1000-6 4.4610 1000-3 Y = 8.9210 ( / ) 0.50

C H + 7 2 6 O 2 = 2CO 2 + 3H2O( ) V 2 = 0.50( ) 2 C H + 9 3 6 O 2 = 3CO 2 + 3H 2 ( ) V 3 = 0.50( ) 2 V 1 + 3V 3 = 0.375( ) 4 V 1 + V 4 = 0.50( ) 2 V 2 + V 3 = 0.50( ) 2 3 V + V 0.625 2 4 = 0.625( ) : 100% = 6.25% 4 10

:. 2. 4. 8.

:., 12. H (A)NaCl( ) 2 SO 4 HCl H2SO 4, (B)NaI( ) I2 I 2( ) MnO 2 H 2 SO 4,170 (C)CH CH OH CH = CH 3 2 2 2 H (D)CuO 2 SO 4 CuSO 4( ) CuSO 4 ( )

112. ( ).

42.., A ` 1,2,3- (ClCH CHClCH Cl) CCl 4 2 2 :CH = CHCH + Cl ClCH CHClCH ; 2 3 2 2 3 CH = CHCH + Cl 500 CH = CHCH Cl + HCl 2 3 2 2 2

(3)4NH ( ) +5O ( ) Pt 3 2 4NO( ) + 6H2O( ) W2 - W3 W - W 100% 2 1

x 37.2Y M + N, X( X, )

112-3 CO2= 5.0010 ( ) 22.4 1000 5.0010 0.0100-3 = 0.500( / ) BaSO = - BaCO 4 3-3 = 1.451-5.0010 197 = 0.466( ) 0.466 233 0.0100 = 0.200( / ) 1-3 SnCl 2 = 6 K2Cr2O 7 = 4.8 10 ( ) 2

0.571 Sn 100% = 93.1% 0.613 0.1000.0160 3 119 Sn% = 100% = 93.1% 0.613 C H V + 3.5V - 2V = 2.5V 2 6 2 2 2 2

( 1, 5..) ( 2, 32..

2 2 2 (A)SO 4 (B)S (C)CO3 ( D) Cl + (A) :HCO 3 + H = CO 2+ H2O

(C)v = 3 NH v (D)v = 3v 3 H 2 H 2 N 2 2 2 25. 1 1.0 / NaOH 0.8 CO, CO HCO 3 2 3

(NH ) PtCl Pt+ NH Cl + HCl + N 4 2 6 4 2

NH +. ( NH Br 4 3 2 RCOOR + ROH RCOOR + ROH

2 2AlO + CO + 3H O = 2Al(OH) + CO (1 ) 2 2 2 3 3 AlO + CO + 2H O = Al(OH) + HCO 2 2 2 3 3

0.22175 = 85 = 3.0( / ) (2 ) 0.15 :2H S + O 2S + 2H O (1) (1 ) 2 2 2 2H S + 3O 2SO + 2H O (2) (2 ) 2 2 2 2 a 2.5 ( a < 2.5 ) (1 ) V = 1 + a - 3a 5 = 1 + 2a 5 ( ) (1 )

3. a = 2.5 V = 2.0 [ V = 1 + 2a ( ) V = a - 0.5( )], 1. 5 3a O 2, ; (2),1.0 H 2S 1.5 O 2, Vo21.5 5 ( 1, 5..)

( 2, 32..

2 2 2 (A)SO 4 (B)S (C)CO3 ( D) Cl + (A) :HCO 3 + H = CO 2+ H2O (C)v = 3 NH v (D)v = 3v 3 H 2 H 2 N 2 2

2 25. 1 1.0 / NaOH 0.8 CO, CO HCO 3 2 3

(NH ) PtCl Pt+ NH Cl + HCl + N 4 2 6 4 2 NH +. ( NH Br 4 3 2

RCOOR + ROH RCOOR + ROH

2 2AlO + CO + 3H O = 2Al(OH) + CO (1 ) 2 2 2 3 3 AlO + CO + 2H O = Al(OH) + HCO 2 2 2 3 3

0.22175 = 85 = 3.0( / ) (2 ) 0.15 :2H S + O 2S + 2H O (1) (1 ) 2 2 2 2H S + 3O 2SO + 2H O (2) (2 ) 2 2 2 2 a 2.5 ( a < 2.5 ) (1 ) V = 1 + a - 3a 5 = 1 + 2a 5 ( ) (1 )

3. a = 2.5 V = 2.0 [ V = 1 + 2a ( ) V = a - 0.5( )], 1. 5 3a O 2, ; (2),1.0 H 2S 1.5 O 2, Vo21.5 5

2. Fe(OH) 3 ( 10, 3, 30.

+ - + 3+ - + (A)NH AlO Na (B)Al OH Na 4 2 2+ - + + (C)Ca Cl Na (D)Na CO Cl 2- - 3 ( 10, 4, 40.

BaCl HCl 2 : HCl BaCl 2 : HNO Ba(NO ) 3 2 3 :

(1)2H SO ( ) + C CO + 2H O + 2SO (1 ) 2 4 2 2 2 2 30.(3 )[CO ] > [OH ] > [HCO ] (3 ) 3 3 2 2 2 32.(6 ), Ag + ( Hg + 2 Pb + ) SO 4 2, SO 4

2 2, SO SO, 3 4 20.0 14.0% + 30.0 24.0% 36.(6 )(1) = 20.0% (2 ) 20.0 + 30.0 1.15 1000 20.0% (2) = 3.93( / ) (2 ) 58.5 (3) 1000 x NaCl 20.0% 1-20.0% = 58.5x 1000 100 394. CaCO % = 197 3 100% = 20.0% (1 ) 10. 00 1.00 CaCO 3, 1.00-1.0020% = 0.80( ) (1 ) 500 1.020% 1.00.040-0.0200.023-2 = 0.0268( ) (4 ) 25 100

2x 2(0.8 - x) + 56 74 CaO% = 0.60 1.00 Ca(OH) % = 2 = 0.0268( ) x = 0.60 (2 ) 100% = 60% (1 ) 0.80-0.60 1.00 100% = 20% (1 )

( 1, 5..) 208, Hg, 80 ( 2, 36,.

10., 8

14.,4NH +5O = 4NO + 6H O, v v v NO 3 2 2 NH O2 3 v ( / ), H2O (A) 4 5 V = V (B) 5 6 V = V NH3 O2 O2 H 2O (C) 2 3 V = V (D) 4 5 V = V NH3 H2O O2 NO + 16. :(1)I ClO NO3 H + + (2)K NH4HCO3 OH 2 2 (3)SO3 SO4 Cl OH 3+ 2+ 2- (4)Fe Cu SO 4 Cl + + - (5)H K AlO 2 HSO3 2+ + 2 2 (6)Ca Na SO4 CO 3 (B) : 3 H2PO 4 + 2OH = PO 4 + 2H2O + 2+ (D) :Cu + NO + 4H = Cu + NO + 2H O 3 2

(A)n100% (B) n 100% (C)(n -1) 100% (D)n% 2 (A) 22.4bc an A (C) 22.4ac bn A (B) 22.4ab cna (D) 22.4b acn A

1 3

(1)2NaBr + 3H SO + MnO 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 2NaBr + 2H SO + MnO Na SO + MnSO + 2H O + Br 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 [ 2NaBr + 3H SO ( ) = 2NaHSO +SO + 2H O + Br ; 2 4 4 2 2 2 :NaBr + H SO ( ) NaHSO + HBr 2 4 4 ( 2HaBr + H SO ( ) Na SO + 2HBr ) 2 4 2 4 4HBr + MnO 2 MnBr + 2 H O + Br 2NaHSO + MnSO + 2H O + Br 2 2 2 ( 1 ) HCO 3 ;( ) +, HCO 3 + H == H CO,H CO == H O + CO + ( HCO 3 + H = H2O + CO2 ) HCO 3 2 3 2 3 2 2

2Na 2O 2 + 2H2O = 4NaOH + O 2 : Na2O + H 2O = 2NaOH 78x + 62y = 70 (1 ) (2x + 2y) 40 100% = 50% (1 ) 98 + 70-0.5x32 (1 ) ( x 78 + 70 - x 62 ) 2 40 70 + 98- x 100% = 50% 0.532 78 (2 ) ( x 78 + 70 - x 62 ) 2 40 ( x 78 + 70 - x 62 ) 2 40 + 98 - ( x 100% = 50% (2 ) 70- x ) 18 78 62

0.836 + (1)[Ag ] = 312 2 = 0.0536( / ) (1 ) 0.100 6.24 312-0.0268 V 2 = 0.0200( / ) (3 ) 0.200 + V

( 5, 2, 10..) 208, Hg, 80 ( 10, 3, 30. 6. :4NH 3 +5O 2 = 4NO + 6H 2O, VNH V 3 O 2 V V ( / ), NO H2O (A) 4 5 V = V (B) 5 V = V 6 NH3 O2 O2 H2O (C) 2 3 V = (D) 4 NH VH O VO = V 3 2 2 NO 5

15. ( 11, 4, 44. 17. + + (A)H K Cl NO 3 + 3+ (B)K Al Cl AlO 2 + + 2 (C)Na K CO3 NO 3 3+ 2+ 2 (D)Al Cu SO Cl 4 (B) : 3 H2PO 4 + 2OH = PO 4 + 2H2O + 2+ (D) :Cu + NO 3 + 4H = Cu + NO + 2H 2 O (A) n100% (B) n 100% (C) (n 1) 100% (D) n% 2

M 1000Sd (A) / (B) / 10Sd M(100 + S) (C 10Sd M(100 +S) / (D) / M 1000Sd

1, n 3

14,. A, B 3

(1)2NaBr + 3H SO + MnO 2NaHSO + MnSO + 2H O + Br (2 ) NaBr + 2H SO + MnO 2 4 2 4 4 2 2 Na SO + MnSO + 2H O + Br 2 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 [ 2NaBr + 3H2SO 4( ) = 2NaHSO 4 + SO 2+ 2H2O + Br 2 ; :NaBr + H SO ( ) NaHSO + HBr ( 2NaBr + H SO ( ) Na SO + 2HBr ) 4HBr + MnO 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 MnBr + 2H O + Br 2 2 2

- HCO ; (1 ) 3 +, HCO + H = H CO,H CO = H O + CO 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 - + ( HCO + H = H O + CO ) (1 ) 3-2 2 HCO. (2 ) 3 14 NH 3, NH 3 3 14 N,. (2 2 ) 3 78x + 62y = 70 (1 ) (2x + 2y) 40 100% = 50% (3 ) 98 + 70-0.5x32

( x 78 + 70 - x 62 ) 2 40 70 + 98- x 100% = 50% 0.532 78 (4 ) ( x 78 + 70 - x 62 ) 2 40 ( x 78 + 70 - x 62 ) 2 40 + 98 - ( x 78 + 70 - x 100% = 50% (4 ) 62 ) 18 0.836 + (1)[Ag ] = 312 2 = 0.0536( / ) (2 ) 0.100 6.24 312-0.0268 V 2 = 0.0200( / ) (4 ) 0.200 + V

( 5, 2, 10..) 1. [ ( 14, 3, 42..,, 0 ; ]

- + + - (A)[Cl ] > [NH ] > [H ] > [OH ] 4 + - + - 4 - + - - 4 + - + - 4 (B)[NH ] > [Cl ] > [H ] > [OH ] (C)[Cl ] = [NH ] > [H ] = [OH ] (D)[NH ] = [Cl ] > [H ] > [OH ] 13. ph = 1 [ ] 3+ + - - 2+ 3 (A)Al Ag NO Cl (B)Mg NH NO Cl 2+ + 2- - 2+ + (C)Ba K S Cl (D)Zn Na NO SO 14. [ ]. + 4-3 - 3-2- 4

( 8, 4, 32..)

2-4, SO ( ). ( ). 28.(6 ) (2NH + 3CuO 3Cu + 3H O + N ) 3 2 2

(2) (,,, Na O ( 2 2 n- - 30.(4 ),RO I : 3 n- - + - 3 n- 3 RO + 6I + 6H = R + 3I + 3H O 2 2 (1)RO R.

34.

(1) x,, (2) W x : (3)

36. :Ce = 7.90 1000 4+ 632 250 = 0.0500( / ) 0.03000.0500160 Fe2O 3 = 100% = 60% 20.200 40W - 45W (2)x = 4 40W -5W 225V - 35W ( x = 2, x = ) 4 28 Cu H O H 2

( 5, 3, 15. 17 16 3. OO ( ) 8 8. ( 15, 3, 45.

A. a B. a a a C. D. b 2b a + 2b 2(a + b) 10. - + A. OH + H = H O B. 3+ Fe + 3NH H O = Fe(OH) 3 2 3 C. HCO + OH = CO + H O D. Cl + H O = Cl + ClO + 2H 2 2 + 2 + 3NH 4 - - 3 - - + + + 2- - A.Na,K,S,Cl 3+ 2+ 2- - 4 - - 2 3 2-2- 4 2 3 B.Al, Mg,SO,Cl + + C.K,Na,AlO,NO + + D. K,Na,SO,S O 2-3 2

A.C C B. n A, 3n B C.A, B, C D.A, B,C 1:3:2 A.v o = 0.01 / 2 B. v NO = 0.008 / C.v H O = 0.003 / 2 D. v NH = 0.002 / 3

A. m = 160 1600n n B.m = 250 2500 + 9n 1600n 1600n C.m = D.m = 2500 +16n 2500 + 25n

(3) NaOH, d,,

+ + + 32.(6 ) [, CH, CH,(CH ) C ] 3 5. (G.Olah) 1994. + + CH CH " " H, + 5 CH H CH. + 3 2 5 + 3 4 (1)CH,,. + 3 (2)CH 4,, ( ). 3 3

3+ - - 2 (2)Al +4OH =AlO +2H O ( 2 ) 2 (3)3CuO+ 2Al = 3Cu + Al O ( 1 ) 2 3 (4) 3 4 ( 2 )

( : 1 ; 2, 1:2, 2.) 4.66 Na SO = 233 2 4 = 0.40( / ) 0.05 (2 ) 14.51-4.66 Na CO = 197 2 3 0.05 = 1.0( ) / (2 ) BaCO + 2HNO = Ba(NO ) + H O + CO 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 22.4 14.51-4.66 x 197 14.51-4.66 22.4 x = 197 = 1.12 (2 ) 1 9.25 = = 0.826( / ) (1 ) 22.40.500 x (2) CH4 1, x C2H 4, C2 H4 2 0.200- x C 2H 6. 2 = 0.800 + 0.200 = 0.900( )(1 ) 2 x 0.200 - x 160.800 + 28 + 30 2 2 = 0.780( / ) (3 ) 0.90022.4 x = 0.0800 (1 ) 0.0800 C H = 2 2 4 100% = 4.44% (2 ) 0.900

( 5, 3, 15. ( 15, 3, 45.

) ( ). + + (A)K Na HSO Cl - + 2+ (B)Na Ba AlO NO 3 2 3 + + + + 2 4 3 ( C) NH K Cl NO ( D) K Na ClO S 12. ( ). + + (A) NH + H NH 3 4 2 2 3 (B) CO + CO + H O2HCO (C) 2 3 3+ Al + 3AlO 2 + 6H2O4Al(OH) 3

(C)C( ) + 1 2 O ( ) CO( ) + Q 2 1 C( ) + O 2( ) CO 2( ) + Q2 1 2 H ( ) + 1 2 Cl 2 ( ) HCl( ) + Q 2 2 (B) 8 22.4 N 0 ( 6, 4, 24. 2 Pb + SO = PbSO + 2e 4 4 + PbO 2 + 4H + SO 4 + 2e = PbSO 4 + 2H2O 22. :t, a m. b

(A)S = 100m (B)S = 100m 2 a - m c (C)S = 100(m - m ) (D)S = 100(m - m ) 1 2 1 b - c a - b,, ( ) 27.(3 ), ( )

(5)Fe O + 4H 3Fe + 4H O (1 ) 3 4 2 2 (6.5 - a) + (x - 2a) + (2.0 + 2a) = 12 x - 2a > 0 x = 3.5 + a :x < 7.0 (1 ) x > 2a

NaOH 33.(1)CH CH CH CH Br CH CH CHCH 3 2 2 2 3 2 2, CH CH CHCH HBr CH CH CHBrCH 3 2 2 3 2 3 (2)(CH ) CHCHCH HBr (CH ) CHCH CH Br 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 NaOH (CH ) CHCH CH Br (CH ) CHCH CH OH 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2-2 4.72 10-4 n( ) = = 8.0110 ( )(1 ) 58.9

2 36.(1)a (1 ) : :2H S + 3O = 2H O + 2SO 3 2 2 2 2 (3) 2 3 < a < 2(2 ) 1 - a 2 (2 ) 1 + a 2 (2 ) 3 SO2, ( a b) S a H 2O. b SO2 b O 2, 2 1 3 1 (a - b) S (a - b) O, b + 2 (a - b) = 1 b = 1 - a 2 2 2 2 a + b = 1 + a 2

+ 2 + 2 + (A)Na NO AlO SO (B)Na NO SiO K 3 2 4 2 2 3 (C)K + Cl - AlO CO 3 3 3 + (D)Na Cl HCO Ca 2+

(A) (A)3m + n( ) (B) 5 2 m + n 2-3p( ) (C)3m + n + 2p( ) (D) 5 m + n 2 2 ( )

(2)

n, A n, B,c 2 3 n, D n, : 2

2NH 3 + 3CuO N 2 + 3Cu + 3H2O m H 2 O,. (a)m m (b)m m Cu CuO N2 H2O (c)m m (d)m m Cu H2O NH3 H 2O

A,A + C H OH Z( ) 6 5

18m CuO 16 a c m H 2 O (2)CH COONa + NaOH Na CO + CH 3 2 3 4 4-3 10 78 10 (2) n Cr = = 15( ) 52 1 m(feso4 7H2O) = 278 15 6 2 n = 0.094 0.063-0.044 = 0.02( ) > 0 OH

(2) Al(OH), n = 40.1x( ) 3 OH (3)3A(1 - x) + 4Ax = 0.36, x = 0.36 A - 3 0.36 A - 3 < x1 nfe(oh) 3 A(1- x) nal(oh) 3 A(x + 3) - 0.36

Pd CH CCH + CO + CH OH CH C(CH )COOCH 3 3 2 3 3 - - - 2- (A)I AlO Cl S + + (B)Na K NH Ba - 2- - (C)Br S Cl CO 2 + 2+ 4 2-3 2 - (D)SO NO SO HCO 3 3 2-4 3

(A)MgC CaC 2 2 (B)C 2- [ C ΜC ] 2-2 2+ (C)CaC Ca C 2 (D)MgC, 100 2 2-2

21. - - + IO 3 +5I + 6H ===== 3I 2 + 3H 2O,

CH CH OH CH CH + H O 3 2 170 2 2 2

(2) 0.625m( 5 ) (3 ) ( 5 4 m, 8 2 ) B M = 163 r = 138 < 158, 34.8% 8.8g n(fes) = = 0.01 mol -1 88gmol (2) Fe 0.10 mol, : 0.10mol 2+ -1 = 0.50 moll (2 ) 0.20L

+ 0.40mol - 0.20mol -1 H : =1.0 moll (2 ) 0.20L (3), C : 1 60 (3 60) = 90 (1 ) 2 1 2 (5x + 6y) = 1 (370) (, ) ( 2) 2 70 + (x+ y) - 1 (370) = 2 ( ) ( 2) 2

NaOH /g /g A 0.062(6.2%) 19 152 B 0.062(6.2%) 152 19 C 0.042(4.2%) 1.2 9.4 D 0.042(4.2%) 9.4 1.2

NaNO 3 KNO 3 NaCl KCl 10 80.5 20.9 35.7 31.0 100 175 246 39.1 56.6