7 Tel: 866878 hng_di@mil.j.ed.cn
6 67 9 Fndmenl Mechnic of Flid I.G.Crrie rd Ediion Mrcel Dekker Inc. Ne York -9-5 5
-9-5 5
....4.5.6.7.8-9-5 5 4
. m P() m/v V V V V' -9-5 5 5
<< << -9-5 5 6
<< -9-5 5 7
= r -9-5 5 8
-9-5 5 9 r r r r T T r r p p d r dr r
d rr r r r r r r r -9-5 5
( ) -9-5 5
r p p pr T T Tr -9-5 5
r ( ) -9-5 5
r r r r r r r ( ) e e () () () -9-5 5 4
-9-5 5 5 5 e e () () e e e
-9-5 5 6
4-9-5 5 7
-9-5 5 8 8 5 () () () () 4 4 6 4 4 4 e e e e e
d r d r r c c c r r c c r c c r c c r r rr r r r r r r -9-5 5 9
r r () d d d d d ln ln c c c c -9-5 5
-9-5 5 c c c k j i r () () 6
. phline r dr d r r r r r -9-5 5
r dr d d d d d d r d r rc c c r r c r c c r c c r c r r r r -9-5 5
= ( ) d d d d c e c e c c e ln e -9-5 5 4
-9-5 5 5
dl di dj i j dk k dl i d j d k d d d d -9-5 5 6
= ( ) d d ln ln c c c = -9-5 5 7
-9-5 5 8
-9-5 5 9
* * * * * * d d d d * * * * * * * * * * * * r r r * -9-5 5
r r r * - ( * * * ) r r * * * r r * * * * * * ( * * * ) r rr * -9-5 5
= ( ) d d d d c e c e c e c e -9-5 5
e e ( ) - e ln e ln ln -9-5 5
C C -9-5 5 4
. -9-5 5 5
D D r r r r r r + r r -9-5 5 6
-9-5 5 7 7 lim D D r r lim
-9-5 5 8 8
4 AB H A B C BC AB BC -9-5 5 9
D D D D -9-5 5 4
-9-5 5 4
- ) ) U ) () -9-5 5 4
- () U U U () D D -9-5 5 4
- A A A l A() A A D D l l l = = l = A A l -9-5 5 44
- = ( ) = = d d l l d l d l l ln lep l d d ep l d d ep l l -9-5 5 45
.4 Helmhol = + + + -9-5 5 46
-9-5 5 47 47 M M + δ r r + δr δr M ( M ( ) M ( + + + + + + )
-9-5 5 48 48
-9-5 5 49 49 4
-9-5 5 5 5 5
B C B O A O ( ) A C C A -9-5 5 5
d( V V d ) / / -9-5 5 5
B C B B ( ) ( ) O A O A A OA OA lim OB OB lim -9-5 5 5
OA OAOB OA OB OA -9-5 5 54
i j k -9-5 5 55
OAOB OB B B ( ) lim lim ( ) A O A -9-5 5 56
-9-5 5 57 57 6 M M M M M M ij S ij A
T F m -9-5 5 58
ij 9 n n -9-5 5 59
-9-5 5 6 6 p p p p p p p p p p P ij 9 9 ij S ij A
-9-5 5 6 6 4 ji ij p p ij S 6
-9-5 5 6 6 5 ji ij p p ij A
6 i i i jk e e e i j k e e e -9-5 5 6
7 j : ji n j in in in i : -9-5 5 64
-9-5 5 65 65 8 r j i i i j i j j i i
-9-5 5 66 66 9 i j j i ij S ij
-9-5 5 67 67 i j j i ij A ij
-9-5 5 68 68 M M M M M M ij j j ij
ij i i j j Kronecker ij ji ij j i j j j j j j ij j j i -9-5 5 69
ii ii ij jk ik j j j i ij ji ii jj -9-5 5 7
4 ijk - ijk ijk ijk ijk jki kij ijk jik ikj -9-5 5 7
5 ijk ijk ijk - ijk ijk i j k j k ijk ij jj k j kj k k k ijk ijk 6 kk ijk ij -9-5 5 7
-9-5 5 7 7 6 6 A ij k ijk ij
() () ij ij () ij ij (4) ij ij jj ij ij jj () i j k k -9-5 5 74
-9-5 5 75 75 () () ij j ij (4) (4)
-9-5 5 76 76 () () ij j ij (4) (4)
-9-5 5 77 77 4 j ij j ij
.5 i ijk k j -9-5 5 78
R R R b R R R R Ψ = C O V θ -9-5 5 79
d d d d d d d d d d -9-5 5 8
dl L L dl P Α dl P A ABP dl ACP dl -9-5 5 8
-9-5 5 8 8 A A nda da L n da A A L da dl
d d d -9-5 5 8
-9-5 5 84
( P.9 ) -9-5 5 85
-9-5 5 86
-9-5 5 87
4 d A n da A n da A n da n da A A A n da A A -9-5 5 88
5 n da A n da A A n da n A A da A A A -9-5 5 89
.6 - em -9-5 5 9
F T m dm con d d m m d dh H d d m d r m de d Q W -9-5 5 9
DN D D D d dτ N N m N k m -9-5 5 9
-9-5 5 9
CS III CS I I da n II da III n DN D lim N N -9-5 5 94
CS III II + III I I + II CS I I da n II da III n DN D lim N N lim { NCV ( ) NI ( ) NIII ( )} NCV ( ) lim N CV N CV lim N I lim N III -9-5 5 95
lim N N CV CV N CV d CV CS I I da n II CS III III da n CS I CV CV N da CV CV nda lim N I lim lim I CSI d nda nda CS I -9-5 5 96
4 CS CV N nda lim N III CS III lim III d CS I I da n II CS III III da n lim CSIII nda nda CS III DN D CV d nda CS I CS III nda -9-5 5 97
5 DN D d A nda DN D N A d nda N N -9-5 5 98
-9-5 5 99 99 6 d nda A d d D D A A nda d nda d d d D D k k
r r r k r r k () () () r () k () D D -9-5 5
-9-5 5 () () r k k r r r k k r kr r r kr r r kr r k D D r k r r r d r k d M
-9-5 5 M r k r r r A A nda r k d r k D DM lim A A ε O ε n n 4 k kd d r k d r k M A A A A nda r k nda r k nda r k
-9-5 5 4 A r r k r j r i r r r r r r n A n n k d k d nda r k A 4 in d in d r k r r r
5 A k A A k r nda 4k r nda 4k k r r r r lim A A k r nda 4k A n n ε O A ε DM D 4k 4k -9-5 5 4
.7 p n n p n lim A F A A n A p n p n r n -9-5 5 5
p n n nn n nn p n n pn nn p n n nn n A p n n i n j n k n p n p n p n p n A -9-5 5 6
n co n i n j n k n i con j con k p C d n p n p d O d B A n A n A n A p n p p p A p -9-5 5 7
g p C d n p n p p n n p n p n p A A d O p d B -9-5 5 8
F p n p n p p p n p p n p p p p d C d O n p n d p B p n n p n p n p A p -9-5 5 9
-9-5 5 4 k n n n j n n n i n n n p n k j i p k j i p k j i p n n n n n n n n n n p n n ji j ni k j i p p n p n p n p n n n n n
5 ij ni r n n j ji r -9-5 5
-9-5 5 6 9 6 9 6
7 ' -9-5 5
-9-5 5 4 4 8
9 nn p ij p ij -9-5 5 5
+ + = () F F i j k n F i j k p n n 5 7-9-5 5 6
-9-5 5 7 7 () () 9 7 5 n nn p n 6 9 7 5 nn n n p 7 5 p n
.8 Soke -9-5 5 8
-9-5 5 9 9 S bi () () b
-9-5 5 b b b b b b b I S
4 () () pi p K p K I S K p I S ij p ij ij k k i j j i -9-5 5
-9-5 5 5 p p p
K p p K K p p K p p p -9-5 5
p p K K -9-5 5 4
S p I ij p ij ij k k i j j i p p p -9-5 5 5
P.94..8.7..5..9-9-5 5 6