,, (CIP) /. 2. :,2008 11 ISBN978 7 122 03700 8 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ TD97 CIP (2008)141081 : : : : : ( 13 100011) : : 787mm 1092mm 1/16 14 37720091 2 1 :010 64518888 ( :010 64519686) :010 64518899 :htp://www.cip.com.cn,, :33 00

,,,,,,,, 20,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,, ( ), 7,,

,,, 20031

1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 4 1 3 1 5 1 3 2 6 1 3 3 7 1 4 7 1 5 7 2 10 2 1 10 2 1 1 10 2 1 2 13 2 2 13 2 2 1 13 2 2 2 17 2 3 19 2 3 1 19 2 3 2 21 2 3 3 21 2 3 4 22 2 3 5 23 2 3 6 24 2 3 7 27 2 3 8 28 2 4 32 2 4 1 32 2 4 2 33 2 4 3 39 2 5 42 2 5 1 42 2 5 2 43 2 5 3 45 2 5 4 46 2 5 5 47 2 6 47

2 6 1 47 2 6 2 47 2 6 3 48 2 6 4 48 3 51 3 1 51 3 1 1 51 3 1 2 51 3 1 3 52 3 2 56 3 2 1 56 3 2 2 56 3 2 3 57 3 3 60 3 3 1 60 3 3 2 60 3 3 3 62 3 4 63 3 4 1 63 3 4 2 63 3 4 3 64 4 67 4 1 67 4 1 1 67 4 1 2 67 4 1 3 69 4 2 72 4 2 1 72 4 2 2 72 4 2 3 74 4 3 74 4 3 1 74 4 3 2 76 4 3 3 77 4 4 81 4 4 1 81 4 4 2 81 4 4 3 83 4 5 88 4 5 1 88 4 5 2 89 4 5 3 89

4 6 89 4 6 1 89 4 6 2 90 4 6 3 94 4 7 95 4 7 1 95 4 7 2 96 4 7 3 98 4 8 100 4 8 1 100 4 8 2 101 4 8 3 102 4 9 105 4 9 1 105 4 9 2 106 4 9 3 108 4 10 109 4 10 1 109 4 10 2 109 4 10 3 109 4 11 111 4 11 1 111 4 11 2 111 4 11 3 112 4 12 112 4 12 1 112 4 12 2 113 4 12 3 114 4 13 115 4 13 1 115 4 13 2 116 4 13 3 117 4 14 118 4 14 1 118 4 14 2 118 4 14 3 119 4 15 122 4 15 1 122 4 15 2 123 4 15 3 124 4 16 124 4 16 1 124 4 16 2 125 4 16 3 127

4 17 128 4 17 1 128 4 17 2 129 4 17 3 131 4 18 132 4 18 1 132 4 18 2 132 4 18 3 133 4 19 134 4 19 1 134 4 19 2 135 4 19 3 137 4 20 138 4 20 1 138 4 20 2 138 4 20 3 139 4 21 139 4 21 1 139 4 21 2 140 4 21 3 140 4 22 141 4 22 1 141 4 22 2 141 4 22 3 142 5 146 5 1 146 5 1 1 146 5 1 2 146 5 1 3 148 5 2 151 5 2 1 151 5 2 2 151 5 2 3 151 5 3 153 5 3 1 153 5 3 2 154 5 3 3 154 5 4 157 5 4 1 157 5 4 2 158 5 4 3 158 6 159

6 1 159 6 1 1 159 6 1 2 160 6 1 3 164 6 2 173 6 2 1 173 6 2 2 175 6 2 3 177 7 179 7 1 179 7 1 1 179 7 1 2 179 7 1 3 180 7 2 182 7 2 1 182 7 2 2 182 7 2 3 183 7 3 186 7 3 1 186 7 3 2 186 7 3 3 188 7 4 189 7 4 1 189 7 4 2 190 7 4 3 192 7 5 193 7 5 1 193 7 5 2 194 7 5 3 194 7 6 195 7 6 1 195 7 6 2 196 7 6 3 197 8 199 8 1 199 8 1 1 199 8 1 2 199 8 1 3 200 8 2 200 8 2 1 200 8 2 2 200 8 2 3 201

8 3 203 8 3 1 203 8 3 2 204 8 3 3 206 8 4 206 8 4 1 206 8 4 2 207 8 4 3 208 211

1 1 () /, (),,,, () 21 21,, ; ; ; ;,,21 21,,, ; ( ) ; ; ( )( ) ;

2 ; ; ; ;,,21 21,, 21,,, ;,,,, 21 1 2,,, 20,, : ;, 6: 14: 1 1 1 1

1 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 (10~1000μm) (0 1~10μm) (0 001 ~ 0 1μm) / ( ) ( ) () () / ( )

4 5 6 ( ) ( ) 7 () 8 9 10 11 12 (), 20 60, 20 200 ( ), 50, 20, 1 3 (1) ( ) (2)

1 5 (3) 1 3 1, (1), () (), 1mm 10~ 1000μm 0 1~10μm () : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (2), (),, (), : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (3) ( ),, / () : ; ;

6 (4),,, ( ) ( ) (5), :,,,,, ( ),,, 1 3 2,, ; ; ; ; () ; ; : ; ;() ; (1), (), / ;, / ;,, : ( ) (, ) ( ) ( ) / (),,,,

1 7 (2) (),,, 1 3 3, ; ; ; ; ; ; ;, 1 4, 1,, ( ) 2,,, ;, ;, 3, 4,, 5, ( ),,,,, 1 5,

8,, (1),,,,,, () ( ), (2), () ( ); -2μm 90%, 5μm,-0 2μm 10%~15%;, -6~7μm 97%, 8μm; 97% 2μm, 3μm; d50 1μm,97% 5μm, (),, ;, ;,, (3), ( ) ( ) ;,4A, ( ) ;,, /, (),,,

1 9 ( )(),, ;, ;, ( )() ;, ;,,,,,, (4), ( 2μm) ; 3A 4A 5A 13A ; ; ; ; ; (5),,,,,, ;,,,,, (6) :, ;, ;, ;

2 1 2 1 1 ( 1~100mm),,, ( ),,, 2 1,, 2 1 2 1 (4 1)~(9 1), (4 1)~(9 1), (3 1)~(10 1), (4 1)~(8 1), (4 1)~(8 1), (4 1)~(8 1), 7 1 (3 1)~(18 1), (30~40) 1 (30~40) 1, (20 1)~(40 1), (1),, ( ) ( ) 2 1 (a),

2 11 2 1,

12, (2), ;,, 2 1 (b), ( ) ( ) ( ),,,, 10mm, 3~5mm, (3), 2 1 (c), ( ),,, (4) 1,, 2 1 (d),,,,,,,, 2, ;,,, 2 1 (e),,,,,

2 13, 2 1 2,,,,,,,,,, 2 2 2 2 30 ~35 50mm,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2 2 2 2 1, : ; ;,, :,

14 2 3 /mm / μ m 30 45~150 30 125~3000 ( 30 45~125 ) 30 2~125 ( ) 30 30~150 50 45~800 8 30 30~350 ;, 2 3 2 2 (1),, 2 2 (a) ( ),,,,, ; ( ), ( ) () ( 7 8) ( 5 6) ( 3 6) ( 2 3),, ;,,,,, :,,,,,,

2 15 2 2

16,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 900mm 1800mm MQY90/180 MQY0918 MQY900 1800;,, MQG, MQS,MQG ;,, ; ( ) (2) (Raymondmil), 2 2 (b), 2 1, 3, 2, ( ) 3~5,,, 4,,,, 3R (3) 4R (4) 5R (5) :, 150~400,,,,, 600 (20μm) 800(15μm) (3) ( ),,, ;,,,, 2 2 (c), (),,,

2 17 (4) 2 2 (d) HWV, :,,,,,, HWV : (5),,, ; 2 2 (e) ( ), ( ), ( ) ;, : 2 2 2 () (1), 2 3,,, 6,,,,,, 0 15~0 20mm, 4~5,, 0 15mm,,,,,, (2) 2 4

18 2 3 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 2 4 (a) (b) 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6,,

2 19,, (3),,, ( ) ( 0 15mm ), (4),, : ; 2 5 1 2; 3 5 8 6,, 2 5 9 ; 1 ;2 ;3,1 6 ;4 ;5 ;6 ;, 7 ;8 ;9 8 10, ;10,, 40~700μm 2 3 2 3 1,, ;,,,,

20,,,,,, ( ),,,, : ( ), ( ) (2 4) 2 4 ( : ( ) ) X γ ; : X X (, ; );, ; (, ); ( ), ;,,, ( (XJ XJQ, ) ( SF XJZ XJB ) ) (XJC,, CHF X BS X KYF BS K CJF, ) ( ), ()

2 21 2 3 2, 250~300mm, 10mm, ( ), 0 5mm,,,, ; 1 1 X γ,,, X 2 5 2 5 / μ m 1 γ <10-1 γ 2 γ (γ X X ) γ <10-1 0 5~1 <10-1 γ X 3 4 (γ X γ X ) <10-1 0 5~1 0 1~0 38 ( 0 16~0 38 ) X 0 5~1 5 10 6 ~10 15 2 3 3,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),

22 ( ) 2 6 2 6, ( ), 260mm,,,, 2 3 4, ( ),, ( ), ( ),,,, ( ), 2 7 ;2 8 2 7 /mm 18 0 074 12~0 1 18 0 074 12~0 1 20 0 074 6~0 1 25 0 074 8~0 074, 10 0 037 5~0 074 3 0 02 2~0 037 3 0 074 2~0 1,,,, 0 1~0 01, 30 0 1 20~2,, 0 1~0 01,

2 23 2 8 (,, 80%,,,, ),,,,,,,, (<8mm),,, 2 3 5 (1) ( ), ( ),, 2 9 2 9 θ/( ) 1 80~110,, 2,, ( ;, ), 50~90 3, ( ( 0~40 ) ),,, ;,,, ph, ( ) ph,, ; ph,,

24 ΔG,ΔG=γ(1-cosθ),γ,,ΔG θ,,θ=0,δg=0,, ; θ>0,δg>0,, ΔG,, ΔG, :1, ; 2,,,, ;3,,,,,,, θ,, (2), ( ph ),, ; ( ) ph ;, ; 2 10 (3),,,,, :1,, ;2, ;3 ; 4, 2 11 2 3 6 (1), ;, dh/dx gradh, H gradh=0,,,,,,,,,j,,,

2 25 2 10 ( ) 12~18 () 2 # ( ) ph 2 11 ( ), XJ XJK XJQ JJF SF XJB BS M CHF X XJC BS X, BS K KYF LCH X CJF,,,,, ;,, ( ),,, ;,, ;,,,,,,,,, J H, J=K0H

26 H ; K0, K0,,χ0 χ0=k0/δ, m 3 /kg χ0, F=μ0χ0 H dh dx = μ0χ0 HgradH F,N/kg;, μ0 μ0=4π 10-7 Wb/(m A); H,A/m; dh/dx(gradh),a/m,, χ0 HgradH,, χ0 HgradH ;, H gradh, (H) (gradh) (2),, 2 12 (3),, ; ; ( ), 2 13 2 12 /(m 3 /kg) >3000 10-8 (500~3000) 10-8 (15~3000) 10-8 <15 10-8 ;,, ;, 2 13 H/(kA/m) 72~136 100~10mm 6mm

2 27 H/(kA/m) 2mm 3mm TYCX 60mm 480~1600 CS SHP SQCSZC Sala Slon CAD 2 3 7 (1), 2 6, ( ), ( ),,,,, 2 6 1 ;2 ;3 ; 4 ;5 ; (2) 6 ;7, γ γ ρ, γ= 1 ρ, 2 14, ε, ε, ε>1, :, 2 15,

28 2 14 γ/(s/cm) 10 4 ~10 5 10 2 ~10-10 <10-10 2 15,,,,, (3), ; ;, 2 3 8, (1),,, 2 16 2 16 ( ) (2),,, ( ),,,, (

2 29 ) ( ) :1 ;2 ;3, ;4 :1 ;2,, ;3 ;4,, 2 17 2 17 NaOH Na2SO3 (NaPO3) 6 NaNaCl (NaPO3) 6 Na2SO3 NaCl (NaPO3) 6 NaOH NaOH Na2SO3 Na2S (NaPO3) 6 (NaPO3) 6 (NaPO3) 6+Ca 2+ Na2SO3 NaOH Na2S NaCl (Na PO3) 6 NaCl (NaPO3) 6 NaOH (NaPO3) 6 CuSO4 Pb(NO3) 2 (3),, ( ),,

30 :1,, ;2, ;3,, ;4, ( ), ; 5,,, 1,, ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) ; ( ), ;,, 2 18 2 18 () / Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O 600~680 ( ) Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O,, 600~680, 480~600 Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O nh2o, 480~600 Al2O3 4SiO2 H2O+nH2O K < 1 [(Si,Al) 4O10](OH) 2nH2O Al2O3 4SiO2 H2O 550~750 550~650 600~750 Al2O3 H2O Al2O3 3H2O 450~650 250~450 CaSO4 2H2O 130~270 Fe(OH) 2 65 2 ( ), 3,, 4 ;,,,,,

2 31 2 19 2 7 2 8 2 7 2 19 980,, () (4),,,,,,,,,,,,

32 2 8 () 2 4 2 4 1, d97 10μm (

2 33 ),,,,,,, ( ),,,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) 400( 38μm), μ m ( ) m 2 /g ( ) ( μ m) dy =Xμm [,X,Y X ( μ m) ], d50 =2μm (50% 2μm, ),d90=2μm (90% 2μm),d97=10μm (97% 10μm), 2 4 2 () () ; ; 2 20

34 2 20 /mm d97/ μ m <2 3~45 <10 8~45 <30 10~45 <5 2~74 <1 2~45 <5 5~74 <5 5~74 () <0 2 2~20 <0 2 1~20 <30 10~45 <0 03 1~10 <0 2 2~20 (1), (300~500m/s) (300~400 ), d97=3~5μm, ( ) 2 9 ( ) (2) ( ) ( ), CM JCF 1 CM CM 2 10 (a) :,,,, 3mm 4, 2 JCF 2 10 (b) JCF,,,

2 35 2 9,, ;, ; (), ;,, 3 LHJ 2 10 (c) LHJ

36 2 10 ( 30mm) ( ) LHJ (3) ( ),,, (),,, ( ),, 50~1500μm,, 6mm, ( ) () ; ; 2 11 (4), 2 12 ;,

2 37 2 11,,,, (5) (), (),, 2 13 BP FSW 40 (6) ( )

38 2 12 2 13 BP (a)fsw 40 (b) ;, 1μm 2 2 1 MZ (7) 2 14 ;,,,

2 39,,,,,,,, (8) ( ) ( ),,, 2 14 2 15 JM 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ; 5 ;6 ;7 ;8, 2 15,,, (9),,,,,,, 2 15 JM 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;, 5 ;6 ;7 ;8 ; 9 ;10 ;11 ; 2 4 3 12 ;13 ;14 ; 15 ;16 ;17,, : ; ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,,

40, :, ( ),MS MSS ATP LHB ;,, MS MSS ATP LHBNEA TFS, TSP MS d97=10μm,mss ATP NEA LHB d97=3~5μm,ttc TFS d97= 2μm, 30t/h (1)ATP 2 16 ATP,,, 2 16 ATP (2)MS MSS 2 17 (a) MS (microsepa rator), ; ;,,,,, 2 17 (b) MSS (superseparator),

2 41 2 17 MS MSS, ;,,,,, MS, (3)LHB 2 18 LHB,,, 2 18 LHB 1 ;2 ;3 ; 4 ;5 ;6 ; ( ) 7 ;8 ;9 (4) WFJ ;10 FJJ ( ATP) FYW ADW FJW XFJ QF FQZ AF HF HTC FJG TTC NEA TSP TFS (5),, () 1 2 19

42 2 19,, 2 10~50mm,,, 2 20 TM 3 (a) (b) 2 20 TM 3 (a) (b) 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 ;7 ;8 ;9 ;10 ;11 ;12 ;13 ;14 ;15 2 5 2 5 1,

2 43,, / / 2 21 2 21 ;; ; ; (), 2 5 2 (1), ; (2),,,,,,,,

44,,,, ( ), ;,,, (3),, / /,, ph,, ; ph ;, ph,,, ( ) ( ) (4), ( ) ( ),, ;,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,, ;,,

2 45 ( ) : ( ) (5) ( ),,,, 2 5 3 SLG (2 21) (2 22) PSC 2 21 SLG 2 22

46 SLG,,, SLG SLG 3/300SLG 3/600,, SHR GRH CH 10~800L, 10L ; ;,, 2 5 4, 2 22 2 22 (NDZ 101 JN 9 YB 203 JN 114 YB 201 T1 1 T1 2 T1 3 ); (YB 301 YB 401 JN 201 YB403 JN 54 YB404 JN AT YB405 T2 1 T3 1); (KR 41B KR 46) (SCA 1113 SCA 1103 SCA 603 SCA 1503 SCA 602 SCA 613); (KH 560 SCA 403 ); (KH 590 SCA 903 D 69 ); (SCA 1603 SCA 1613 SCA 1623 ); (SCA 503); (SCA 113 SCA 103) DL :411 A 411 B 411 C 411 D 412 A 412 B 414 481 881 882 452 471 472 FT 1 FT 2 F :F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4 H :H 2 H 3 H 4 L :L 1A L 1B L 1H L 2 L 3A () ( ) ()

2 47 2 5 5, / ( ) ; ( ζ ) ; / ; ;,,,, 2 6 2 6 1,,,, 2% ;, 0 5%,,,, 0 5% :,, : 2 23 2 23 /% /%, 70~85 40~60 ( ) ( 40~60 15~35 ) ( 15~35 <5 ) 2 6 2,,,

48, 0 3mm,, :1 ;2 () () ;, 2 24 2 24, ; ( ) ( ), (),, (),,,,,,,, 2 6 3 ( ),, 2 25 2 6 4, : ;,, ; ; 2 26

2 49 2 25 2%~65% ;5min > 3mm 5%~60% ( ;, 5~6mm ),, 5% ~40% ;, 0 5~2mm,, 5%~60% ; 1 6~5mm 10%~70%, 12~20mm,1min 15~20mm,,,, 1min 15~20mm,, 30%~50%, 15~20mm,, 10%~30%,,,,,, 10%~30% (,, ),, ; 30~40mm,,,, >50mm,,,,50mm,,, >50mm,,,, 2 5~15mm, 20%,,,,,, ;, 5% ( ) ( ), 2 27

50 2 26 2 27, ;,, ;, ;, ( ),,,, ; ;, ;,,,, ; ; ;, ;,,, ; ; ( ),,, ;, ;, ;

3 1 3 1 1 (calcite) CaCO3, :CaO 56 03%, CO243 97% MgO FeO MnO,,, ( ) ( ),, 3, 2 6~2 8g/cm 3 (chalk), CaCO3,,, 99%,, (CaCO3 99%) (,, ) 3 1 2 : ( ) ( ) ) (1) (CaCO3 CaO ) 3 1 3 1, ( ), :d97 5~6μm, (dmax) 8~10μm, ; <1μm, <10μm, ; 1~4μm ; 0 5~3μm PVC ( PVC ),

52 3 1 /% 98 94 ( ) 3 3 5 (400 )/% 0 01 0 1 /(cm 3 /100g) 65 65 95 92 /% 0 1 0 3 /(g/cm 3 ) 2 71 2 72 ph 8 3~9 0 8 3~9 0 /% 0 3 0 5 /% 0 1 0 1,, (2),, d97=13~30μm (500~1250, ), 90, 8~20mg/2000,CaCO3 98%,, -2μm 60%~98%,, -2μm 85%~98%, -2μm 60% ~85%, 7mg, 72%,CaCO3 98%, (3), CaCO3 97%,, d97 38μm (325 ), 90 (4), >1250(d97 10μm), (5) CaCO3 98%, 0 2%, (Pb) 0 002%, 1 0%, 0 0003%, 0 03% 3 1 3,CaCO3 97%,,, (1), 400, : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 2 3 2 /mm 30 30 30 35 5 10 10 / μ m 40~125 40~150 30~150 20~150 15~150 15~150 40~350 (2) d97 3~5μm, d97 3~5μm (d90 2μm)

3 53,,,,,,,, MS MSS ATP LHB QF 3 1~ 3 4 3 1 3 2 1 ;2 ;3,8 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ; ;4,9,11 ;5 ; 6 ;7 ;10 5 ;6 ;7 3 3 1 ;2,7,13,18 ;3 ;4,8,10,12,14,17,19,22 ; 5 ;6 ;9 ;11 ;15 ; 16 ;20,21 ;23 ;24 3 5 1

54 3 4 1 A;2 B;3 A;4 B;5 ;6 ;7 ; 8 ;9 ;10 ;11 ;12 ;13 3 5 1 ;2,4,8 ;3 Ⅰ;5 Ⅱ;6 ;7 Ⅲ; 9 ;10 ;11 2, 2 Ⅰ3 Ⅰ 4, 4 Ⅱ5 () ; 6, Ⅲ7 () ; 8,,, 3 6 12000t 1000L d97 45μm ( 70μm) : d90 2μm; d97 4μm (d60 2μm) :Ⅰ 1 0~

3 55 3 6 12000t 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 ;7 ; 8 ;9~11 ;12 ;13 1 6mm;Ⅱ 0 8~1 2mm (3),,,,, : () SLG 3 7 ( ), 3 7 : ( ); ( );,,, :1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6

56 3 2 3 2 1 (limestone) (CaCO3),,, CaO MgO CO2,, 3~4, 2 5~2 8g/cm 3 3 2 2 3 3 3 3,, ( ) ( ) CaO, CaO, ( ) (1)2005, 5, 3 4; 3 5 3 4 PS540 PS530 PS520 PS510 PS500 (YB/T5279 2005) ( )/% CaO CaO+MgO MgO SiO2 P S 54 0 53 0 52 0 51 0 50 0 3 0 1 0 1 5 2 2 3 0 3 5 0 005 0 010 0 015 0 030 0 040 0 025 0 035 0 060 0 100 0 150 GMS545 GMS540 GMS535 GMS525 GMS515 54 5 54 0 53 5 52 5 51 5 8 0 1 5 1 5 2 2 2 5 3 0 0 005 0 010 0 020 0 030 0 040 0 025 0 035 0 060 0 100 0 150

3 57 3 5 (YB/T5279 2005) /% /mm /mm 0~3 0~60 8 80 10 10 15~60 80 10 10 20~60 80 10 10 50~90 110 10 10 80~120 140 10 10 (2) 3 6 3 7 3 6 /% CaO MgO R2O SO3 35~45 <3 0 <1 2 <1 0 <4 0 >48 <2 5 <1 0 <1 0 <4 0 45~48 <3 0 <1 0 <1 0 <4 0 3 7 ( JC/T865 2000) /% CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 Fe2O3 54 00 2 00 1 50 1 00 0 10 53 00 3 00 2 50 1 00 0 20 52 00 3 00 3 00 1 00 0 30 /% 1 (3) 3 8 3 8 /% CaO SiO2 MgO MgCO3 Al2O3+Fe2O3 P2O5 /mm 54 9 <1 0 <0 5 <2 0 <0 01 47 6~50 4 <4 0 <1 0 <3 0 40~120 (4) 3 9 3 9 CaCO3 MgCO3 Al2O3+Fe2O3 CaSO4 K2O+Na2O SiO2 /% >95 <1 8 <1 5 <0 2 <0 25 <0 2 3 2 3,, ( )

58 (1),,,, 100~325, 3 8 (2), CaO,, Ca(OH) 2,,, 70%~80% 3 8 1 ;2 ;3 ; 4 ;5 ;6 ;, 7 ;8,,, 900~ 1000, : CaCO 3 幑幐 CaO+CO2-178 02kJ 1kgCaCO3 178 02kJ, 60 24g, 6% 1kgCaO, 1 786kgCaCO3, 1kgCaO, 178 02kJ 1 786=317 9kJ 317 9kJ 108 4g,,,,,,,,,,,, (CaSO4 2H2O), (3) (PCC),,,PVC,,,

3 59 :, ;,,,,, ;, 3 9 3 9 : :CaO>54%,MgO<1 0%,SiO2<2 0%,Al2O3+Fe2O3<0 5%,Mn<0 0045%,,,,,,,,,,, ( ),,,, ( ) GB/T19590 2004 ( 3 10)

60 3 10 (GB/T19590 2004) NCC 50 NCC 100 ( ) /% 93 93 /nm 50 100 XRD /nm 50 100 /(m 2 /g) 35 18 /(g/100g) 90( ) ph 10 5 10 5 /% 1 0 1 0 /% 0 5 0 5 : ; 3% 3 3 3 3 1 (dolomite),,, 5% 700~900,, 1500,, α, 2300 3 11 3 11 /% /% /(g/cm 3 ) CaMg(CO3) 2 CaO30 4 MgO21 7 CO247 9 44 5~47 0 2 8~2 9 3 5~4 0 3 3 2 3 12 3 12,, ; ; ( )

3 61, (1)2007, 3 13 3 14; 3 15 3 13 (YB/T5278 2007) ( )/% SiO2 MgO CaO Al2O3 P2O5 S Fe2O3 LBYS19 3 0 19 30 0 85 0 16 0 025 1 2 3 14 MgO (YB/T5278 2007) ( )/% Al2O3+Fe2O3+SiO2+Mn3O4 NBYS22A 22 2 10 NBYS22B 22 2 6 NBYS20A 20 1 0 25 NBYS20B 20 1 5 1 0 25 NBYS20C 20 3 1 5 25 NBYS19A 19-2 0 25 NBYS19B 19-3 5 25 NBYS18 18-4 25 NBYS16 16-5 25 /mm 3 15 /mm SiO2 (YB/T5278 2007) /% /mm CaO /% 0~5 5~6 5 5~20 20~25 5 3~5 10 10~40 40~45 5 8~10 10 25~50 50~60 10 20~25 10 40~80 80~100 10 30~40 10 80~120 120~140 10 70~80 10 (2) 3 16 3 16 (JC/T649 1996) /% MgO CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3 Mn3O4 R2O3 CaCO3+MgCO3 /% >21 00 31 00 1 00 >20 00 32 00 1 00 >18 00 34 00 1 00 >18 >30 0 10 0 20 0 25 1 >18 0 5 0 4 0 3 >79

62 3 3 3, : 1 ;2 ;3 (1), (2),, 2 16g/ cm 3,,300,800~900,, 3 10 3 10,900~1000, : MgCO3 CaCO3 MgO CaO+CO2 : MgO CaO+H2 O Mg(OH) 2+Ca(OH) 2 CO2, : Ca(OH) 2+CO 2 CaCO3 +H2O Mg(OH) 2+CO 2 MgCO3 +H2O, CaCO3, CO2 0 2~0 3MPa (2~3atm), 80%~90% Mg(OH) 2 CO2 Mg(HCO3) 2,,,Mg 2+,CaCO3, Ca 2+ Mg 2+ Mg(HCO3) 2, 20~30g, Mg(HCO3) 2,,, : (x+y)mg(hco3) 2 xmgco3 ymg(oh) 2 zh2o +yco2,, Mg 2+, Mg 2+ : Mg 2+ Ca 2+ :CaO<34%,MgO>18 0%,SiO2<1 0%,Al2O3+Fe2O3<1 0% (3), 2800,,,,

3 63,, 3 11 3 11, : xmgco3 ymg(oh) 2 zh2o (x+y)mgo+xco2 +zh2o, ( ) 3 4 3 4 1 (magnesite), MgCO3, MgO47 81%, CO252 19%,,,,,, 4, 3 1g/cm 3,,,,,, 3~5,, SiO2 3 4 2,, 3 17 3 17,,,, (),,,

64 1988 (3 18) LMT1 47 LMT 47 LM 46 LM 45 LMG 44 LM 41 LMF 33 3 18 /% MgO CaO SiO2 Fe2O3+Al2O3 Fe2O3 47 47 46 45 44 41 33 0 5 0 6 0 8 1 5 1 0 6 0 0 5 0 6 1 2 1 5 3 5 2 0 4 0 0 6 0 4 1 25~100mm 25mm 15%, 100mm 10%, 120mm 2 0~40mm 40mm 10%, 60mm 3 0~25mm 25mm 10%, 40mm 4 50~180mm ( ) 50mm 15%, 180mm 10%, 200mm 3 4 3 (1),, 1 3 12 600~ MgCO3 700 MgO+CO2 3MgO 4SiO2 H2O 600~ 700 3MgO 4SiO2+H2O MgCO3 CaCO3 900 MgO CaO+CO2,,,, 3 12 2, 3 13, 3 : >

3 65 MgO,MgCO 3 MgO+CO2 MgO, MgO :MgO+H2 O Mg(OH) 2,, CO2, CO2, Mg(OH) 2, : Mg(OH) 2+2CO 2 Mg(HCO3) 2, CO2,, : 4Mg(HCO3) 2 4MgO 3CO2 4H2O+5CO2, 3 14 3 13 3 14 (2), 400~750,750~1000 CO2, ( ) 1400~1700,, (MgO), ( ) 3 19 3 19 / /% /(g/cm 3 ) 750~1000 3~5 10% 1 68~1 70 3 0~3 2, 1400~1700 0~1 23% 1 73~1 74 3 4~3 7,

66 2500~3000, ( ),,,, 2800,,SiO2 Fe2O3 Al2O3 CaO,,,,

4 1 (quartzrock),, ( ), 4 1 1, SiO2, α ( ),,, 7,,, 2 65g/cm 3,, (HF), KOH 1710~1756,,,, 95%,,,,, ;,,,, 4 1 2, 4 1 4 1 ( ), ( ),,, ( ) ( ) ( )

68 4 2 2007 ( ); 4 3 4 4~4 6 4 7 4 2 (YB/T5268 2007) ( )/% /CN SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO P2O5 GSN99A 99 0 <0 25 <0 5 <0 15 174 GSN99B 99 0 <0 30 <0 5 <0 15 174 GSN98 98 0 <0 50 <0 8 <0 20 174 GSN97 97 0 <1 00 <1 0 <0 30 172 GSN96 96 0 <1 30 <1 3 <0 40 170 GST99 99 0 <0 3 <0 15 <0 02 GST98 98 0 <0 5 <0 02 GST97 97 0 <1 00 <0 03 4 3 (YB/T5268 2007) /mm /mm /% 20~40 50 10 8 40~60 70 10 8 60~120 140 10 5 120~160 170 10 8 160~250 260 8 6 4 4 /% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 Cr2O3 Ⅰ >99 <0 5 <0 05 Ⅱ >98 <1 0 <0 1 Ⅲ >96 <2 0 <0 2 <0 5 <0 5 Ⅰ >99 <1 0 <0 05 Ⅱ >98 <2 0 <0 1 Ⅲ >90 <4 0 <0 35 4 5 /% SiO2/% K2O+Na2O/% CaO+MgO/% Fe2O3/% 1S 2S 3S 4S 2 2 2 2 97 96 94 90 0 5 1 5 2 0 1 0 1 5 2 0 0 75 1 0 1 5 1SC 2SC 2 2 85 85

4 69 4 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 /mm 3 36~ 1 68 1 68~ 0 84 0 84~ 0 50 0 84~ 0 42 0 59~ 0 297 0 42~ 0 21 0 297~ 0 149 0 21~ 0 105 0 149~ 0 105~ 0 075 0 053 0 075~ 0 053 4 7 / 10-6 Al Fe Ti Ca B K Na Li 50~100 42 3 0 3 0 8 0 18 0 5 0 15 0 3 0 4 0 1 0 7 0 9 0 7 11 1 8 0 4 0 1 0 3 0 4 8 0 05 0 7 0 04 0 05 0 05 0 2 (1),,, SiO2 >98%, 2 55~2 65g/cm 3, 0 7%, 3 0%, 3 5%, 0 3~2 0mm (2), 0 25~0 65mm (3), :SiO2>98%,Al2O3<0 94%, Fe2O3<0 24%,CaO<0 26%, 0 5~0 8mm (4),, 0 8~1 5mm,SiO2 >98%,Al2O3 < 0 72%,Fe2O3<0 18% (5), SiO2 >99 6%,Al2O3 < 0 18%,Fe2O3<0 02%, 50~70,, 7 (6) SiO2>98 5%,Al2O3<0 05%, :-200 (<74μm) 98% (7)SiO2>98 5%,Al2O3<1 0%,Fe2O3<0 05%;CaO<0 1% 4 1 3 (1),,SiO2,,,,,,20 90,,,, -200(<74μm),,,, ( ),

70,, : ( ) ( ) (2) ( ) 1,,,,, 2 ;, ; 3, 4,pH=4~5, ; ph=3~4 ;HF,pH=2~3 20 70,,20 90, 5 (SiO2 99 9%,Fe2O3 10 10-6 ) ( ),,,, a 18% 50~80, 2~3h, 5% b, (98%), 90min,, c :100 0 5 0 2~0 5,80, 2 1,80 3~ 5min,, d,, ; (0 02% ~0 1%, ), (0 02%~0 1%, ) e (1%~10%) (1%~10%) 20%~ 80% ;, ( ), ;,75 2~3h, NaOH Na2CO3

4 71, 40%~50%NaOH,100~110 4~5h, Fe2O3 0 7% 0 015%~0 025% HCl, 80, HCl 15min,,, 0 1%~5%,, FeCl2 FeCl3, 315 (3),, :,,, ;,, 1,,,,, 200,,,,, ( ),,, 120~160, ( 2%~5%),,, ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,, 2,,, RO, SiO2, SiO2, R, R,, :

72 ph a,, b,,, 4 2 4 2 1 (1) (feldspar), SiO2 Al2O3 K2O Na2O CaO, 4 8 4 8 /% SiO2 Al2O3 K2O Na2O CaO BaO /(g/cm 3 ) K2O Al2O3 6SiO2 64 7 18 3 16 7 2 56 6 2 67 Na2O Al2O3 6SiO2 CaO Al2O3 2SiO2 BaO Al2O3 2SiO2 68 8 19 5 11 8 2 61 6 2 33 43 2 36 7 20 1 2 77 6 1 78 32 27 1 40 9 3 45 6 (2) (nepheline syenite), Na3KAl4Si4O16, 3 1 2 5~2 7g/cm 3, 5 5~6,,, SiO2, SiO2 Al2O3,,, SiO2, 56%, K2O+Na2O, 4 2 2 ( 50%~60%) ( 30%), 4 9

4 73 4 9, Al2O3>18%, ; Fe2O3<0 6% K2O+Na2O>10% ( 20% ~40%) ( 20%~70%) Fe2O3<0 3%~1 0% ; ;, 2~8μm ; (JC/T895 2000), (A) (B) (C) ; 45μm (325 ) 75μm (200) 125μm (120) 150μm (100) 180μm (80) 250μm (60) 20~40mm 4 10 4 11 4 10 :% K2O+Na2O 13 50 12 00 10 50 K2O 11 00 9 50 8 00 Fe2O3+TiO2 0 18 0 22 0 25 TiO2 0 03 0 05 0 10 4 11 :% Na2O 10 50 10 00 8 00 Fe2O3 0 20 0 25 0 30,, 4 12-30+200, 23%, 14%, 0 1%, -200, 325, 4 12 ( 15%) (85%),,, 1350, 5%,

74 4 2 3 (1),, 1, 2, ;,, 3, 4 ( ),,,,,, 1 0T 20 30,, 20 70, ;20 80, 20 80,,,,,,,,, 40mm;, 10~25mm, 12~50mm, 29%, 1000,,,, (2), 4 3 4 3 1 (kaolinite)() 2μm 7 10,1 1 (4 1), SiO4 AlO2(OH) 4,

( ) ( 4 1 4 75 c, OH O,, (001) 4 13, ) ( ) 4 13 ( a b ) % Al2O3 SiO2 H2O /(g/cm 3 ) Al4(Si4O10)(OH) 8 39 50 46 54 13 96 2~2 5 2 609 Al4(Si4O10)(OH) 8 39 50 46 54 13 96 2 5~3 2 581 Al4(Si4O10)(OH) 8 39 50 46 54 13 80 2 5~3 2 589 7 Al4(Si4O10)(OH) 84H2O 34 66 40 90 24 44 1~2 2 0 ( 4 14), ( >50μm), () 4 15 () () (),,,, 3 4 14, >95% 1~2, 3~4 200 >10 10 Ω cm, 50Hz >25kV/mm 3~5mg/100g 1770~1790 4 15 ( ) ( 3~4), ( ), <50%,, 50%

76 4 3 2, ;, 4 16 4 16,,,, Al2O3 SiO2 ; Al2O3,SiO2, Fe2O3 TiO2 SO3, ;CaO MgO K2O Na2O,, ; ;, 1994 (GB/T14563 93) (4 17~4 21) 4 17 ZT 0A ZT 0B ZT 1 ZT 2 ZT 3 TT 0 TT 1 TT 2 XT 0 XT 1 XT 2 TC 0 TC 1 TC 2 TC 3,,,, 1300, 1300, 1300

4 77 4 18 /% 2 μm /% 45μm /% ph /% Al2O3 (500mPa s /% )/% Fe2O3 /% SiO2 /% /% ZT 0A 90 0 90 0 ZT 0B 87 0 85 0 ZT 1 85 0 80 0 ZT 2 82 0 75 0 ZT 3 80 0 70 0 0 02 0 04 0 05 0 02 0 05 0 10 0 50 4 0 68 0 66 0 65 0 37 00 36 00 35 00 0 60 0 70 0 80 1 00 48 00 49 00 50 00 15 00 4 19 Al2O3/% Fe2O3/% SO3/% /% 45μm /% /ml TT 0 37 00 0 60 TT 1 36 00 0 80 1 50 80 0 78 0 0 07 40 60 TT 2 35 00 1 00 75 0 0 10 80 4 20 ph /% 125μm Cu /(ml/g) /% /% Mn /% /% SiO2/ Al2O3 /% XT 0 XT 1 6 0~10 0 5 0~8 0 4 0 3 0 0 02 0 005 0 01 1 50 1 5 78 0 65 0 XT 2 4 0~10 0 0 05 1 8 4 21 Al2O3 /% Fe2O3/% TiO2/% SO3/% 63 μ m /% TC 0 36 00 0 50 TC 1 35 00 0 80 TC 2 32 00 1 20 TC 3 28 00 1 80 0 20 0 40 0 60 0 30 0 80 1 00 0 50 4 3 3,, () (1) () ( ) ( ) ( ) (

78 ), ( );, ( ) ( ) ( ) (, ) ;,, ( ) ( ) ( ) 1,, ( ),,,,,,,,, ph 4~4 5,, (Na2S2O4 ZnS2O4), : 3Fe2O3+Na2S2O4+5H2SO 4 Na2SO4+6FeSO4+5H2O ( ) Na2S2O4 ZnS2O4,Na2S2O4 ZnS2O4, :ph=7~10, ( Na2S2O4), SO2 SO2, ph=6~7, Na2S2O4, (SO2) ph=2 5~4, : NaBH+9NaOH+9SO 2 4Na2S2O4+NaBO2+NaHSO3+6H2O,,, 2,, ; ;, (<200) ;,,

4 79, ( ) ; (), ; ( ),, () ( ),, 14%, (2),,,,, d90 10μm, ;,,,LHB ATP MS MSS, d80 2μm d90 2μm, d80 2μm d90 2μm,, (4 2),,, 4 2, 0 8~3mm, 20~60MPa, 950m/s,,,,,,,, (3),,,,, () :

80 Al2O3 2SiO2 2H2O 450~ 750 Al2O3 2SiO2+2H2O 2(Al2O3 2SiO2) 925~ 980 2Al2O3 3SiO2+SiO2 2Al2O3 3SiO2 1050 2Al2O3 SiO2+2SiO2 450,,750 ( ), ; 925,,980 ; 1050, ; 1100, ; 1500,,,,, 85%~95%,, ( ),,,,,, : ; ;, d90 2μm; ;, 900~1000 (4), ;,, ( ),,, ;, ;,,,,, ;, ;,

4 81 (),,,,,, 66,,, 4 4 4 4 1 (bentonite),, ; ; ;, ; 2~2 5; 2~2 7g/cm 3 ;,, 8~15 SiO2 Al2O3 H2O FeO Fe2O3 CaO Na2O K2O TiO2, Na/ Ca, Na/ Ca 1, Na/ Ca<1,,,,, Al2O3 4SiO2 3H2O,,a0=0 5nm,b=0 906nm,c0, 0 96nm, Ca 2+,,c0 1 55nm, Na +,,,c0 1 8~1 9nm,,c0 4 3nm (4 3) 4 4 2,,,,

82 4 3 O; Si; OH; Al; Mg; Na +,, 75%, 25% 4 22 4 22 () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

4 83 ( ) ( ) 1995 (4 23) (4 24) (4 25) (JC/T 592 1995) PNa Z 1 PNa Z 2 / % 4 23 /(g/100g) (0 07mm)/% /kpa /kpa 35 50 2 0 30 30 1 5 PNa Z 3 PCa Z 1 PCa Z 2 PCa Z 3 13 95 20 20 1 0 35 50 1 0 30 30 0 7 20 20 0 4 4 24 / % (0 07mm) /(g/100g) 2h /% /(ml/g) P Q 1 P Q 2 P Q 3 13 99 35 150 15 99 30 120 12 95 20 100 9 4 25 P N 600r/min /Pa 30min /ml +0 075mm /% /% 30 1 44 15 0 4 0 10 4 4 3, ( ) (

84 ) (1), ( ) ( ),,,, 20mm,, 6%~12%,,, 20mm 20mm, 200 ( ) 80%, 40% 25%,, 30~40mm, 250, 6%~12%,,, 100~325 (), 30% ~80%, 4 4 5mm, 25%,,, 5μm, 20,,, 4 4, :, 1 5~2,, 0 5%,

4 85,,,, 90% (2),,,, ( Na2CO3),,Na + Ca 2+, Na2CO3, ; Na2CO3, Na2CO3,,,,,,, :,, ( 120 ), Li + Ca 2+ Mg 2+,, : 2+ ZCa+2Li ZLi2+Ca 2+ Z (3)( ),,,,, 1 ( ) 15%, 100~200,, 2,,, 300~600kg/ 1000kg ; (0 8~1) 1, 50~100 ;, 2~8h; 3,,,, 4 5 8% 6 200, H + ;,

86 (4)( ), H +,, : 1,,, 2, 3,,,,, 4 5%, 38~80,,, 30~60min,,,, : 20%~30%,,,, :,, ( ),,,, ( ),, ( ),,,,,,,

4 87,,,,,,,, 12,,,,,,,,,,, 65,0 5h, (5)( ) (pilaredclays,pilc), ( ),,,, 1997 (Al PILC),, Zr PILC ( ) Al Cr Al Zr Al M (M ) Al Ga Nb Ta,Al PILC, :,,,,,,,,, (6), / 1 (GCL),,,

88 (HDPE), 2 /,,,, / (intercalatednano composite) (exfoliatednano composite),,,,,,,,,,,,,,, /, Na +,,,,,, ;,, /,, /, (PA)/ (PP)/ (PS)/ 4 5 4 5 1 (ilite),,, K1Al2[(Al,Si)Si3O10(OH) 2 nh2o],,, ; 1, 1 5~2;,, 2 6~2 9g/cm 3,,500~700,750, ( 90%),

4 89 4 5 2 4 26 4 26 4 27 4 27 Al2O3/% K2O/% SiO2/% TiO2+Fe2O3/% /% 26 4 <0 8 84 <10μm 34 8 <1 2 85 <5μm 26 7 <0 8 32 6 <54 <1 0 85 >2cm 4 5 3,,,, ph, ( ),, ; 0 2mm, 0 2~2mm,,,,, 4 6 4 6 1 (telc), Mg3[Si4O10](OH) 2 3MgO 4SiO2 H2O MgO31 68%;SiO263 47%;H2O4 75%,,

90,,, 1, 2 7g/cm 3,,120~200,600, 1050 X 4 6 2, 4 28 4 28 ; ;,,,,, : 1994 (4 29) (4 30) (4 31) (4 32) (4 33) (4 34) (4 35) (4 36) (4 37) 38) (GB15342 94) 4 29 90 0 85 0 80 0 /% 0 5 0 5 1 0 /% 0 1 /% 1 5 2 0 4 0

4 91, /% 75μm 98 45μm 98 (1000 )/% 5 50 6 50 7 50 /% 3 10-4 /% 20 10-4 /(/g) 500; 100; ( ) X 4 30 90 0 85 0 80 0 /% 0 5 0 5 1 0 /(/g) 500; 100; ( ) (1000 )/% 5 50 6 50 /% 1 5 /% 0 1, /% 75μm 98 45μm 98 /% 3 10-4 /% 10 10-4 /% 40 10-4 4 31 80 0 75 0 70 0,45μm /% 99 0 98 0 97 0 <20μm 95 80 70 /% <10μm 70 50 40 <5μm 40 30 20 /% 0 5~1 0 /(ml/100g) 20 0~50 0 (1000 )/% 7 00 8 00 28 00 /% 0 5 ph 8 0~10 0

92 4 32 90 0 85 0 80 0 80 0 /(mm 2 /g) 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 /% 2 5 3 0 3 5 4 0 (Fe2O3 )/% ph 0 80 1 00 1 50 1 00 8 0~9 0 /% 0 5 1 0 (800 )/% 6 00 8 00 12 00 22 00 ( )/mg 80 0 100 0,45μm /% /(ml/100g) 98 0 96 0 95 0 20 0~50 0 4 33 90 0 85 0 80 0,45μm /% 99 0 98 0 97 0 <20μm 80 72 60 <10μm 50 36 26 /% <5μm 30 16 12 /% 61 0 58 0 55 0 /% 31 0 29 0 27 0 /% 0 50 1 00 1 50 /% 1 00 2 00 3 00 /% 0 50 1 50 4 50 (1000 )/% 6 00 8 00 9 00 0 45 0 55 0 65 /(g/cm 3 ) 0 90 0 95 1 00 /% 0 5 1 0 4 34,75μm /% 99 0 98 0 97 0 /% 0 5 0 7 1 0 (1000 )/% 6 00 8 00 9 00 ph 8 0~10 0 /% 6 0 15 0 20 0 (Fe2O3 )/% 1 00 2 00 3 00 /% 0 005 /% 0 05

4 93 4 35 /% 90 0 87 0 85 0 (Fe2O3 )/% 0 20 0 50 1 00 (1000 )/% 6 00 8 00 10 00 /% 0 04 0 07 0 10 /% 0 5 1 0, /% 45μm 98 0 75μm 98 0 4 36 85 0 80 0 80 0 /% 61 0 60 0 58 0 /% 31 0 30 0 29 0 /% 1 00 2 00 4 00 /% 0 50 1 00 1 50 /% 0 30 1 00 1 50 /% 0 4 0 5 (1000 )/% 6 00 7 00 8 00 (CaO)/%,45μm /% 1 00 95 0 4 37 75 0 60 0 /(g/cm 3 ) 3 00 /% 77 0 60 0 (1000 )/% 22 00 25 00,75μm /% 98 0 95 0 /% 0 5 1 0 ph 10 0 4 38 85 0 80 0,45μm /% 0 02 0 05 <20μm 98 95 /% <10μm 85 75 <5μm 70 60 <2μm 30 25

94 /(g/cm 3 ) 0 35 0 40 0 70 0 80 (1000 )/% 8 00 12 00 /% 0 5 /(ml/100g) 20 0~50 0 /% 0 5 ph 8 0~10 0 4 6 3 (1) 1,, (MIBC),, 2~4 2,,, 3,, 0 5mm,,, 4,,, 4%~5% 1% 5 ( ): ( ); ;, 621, 30% 69%, 200, 99% 6,, (2),, 1,, ( ), 200 325, 500~1250,,

4 95,,, MS MSS ATP LHB : ; ; 500~5000(d97=30~3μm) : 8mm,, 2004 LHJ ;, ( ), (3), (SLG ) (4), 600~ 1200,, 90 4 7 4 7 1 (pyrophylite) ; Al2[Si4O10](OH) 2, Al2O3 28 3%,SiO2 66 7%,H2O 5 0%; 1 25; 2 65g/ cm 3 ; 1700 ; ; ; ;,,,,

96,,, ;,, ( ) (4 5), a b, c,,, 6, Al,, 2/3, (4 6),, 4 5 4 6 (a) (b) 4 7 2,,, A 4 39 2003,, 4 40

4 97 4 39,, Fe2O3 <0 5%;K2O + Na2O <0 6% ~ ( ) Al2O3>14% ~27%;SiO265% ~75%; 1 2%;,,,, 90%~96% Al2O3>15% ~30%;SiO275% ~85%; Fe2O3<0 5%~2 0%;MgO<1 0%;CaO, <1 0%;1650~1690 ;,Fe2O3<1 0%, 1670 ; > 1690,Al2O3>25%,Fe2O3<0 5% Al2O3 >25%;SiO2 <70%;Fe2O3 < 0 4%,K2O<1 0%;,,,, 80~85%;Fe2O3<1 0% ~ 1 5%; <8 0%; <0 5%, -45μm>98% 70% ~80%; 80% ~ 85%;Fe2O3 <1 0% ~1 5%; < 8 0%; <0 5%, -45μm>98%, -45μm, 90%;, -2μm 80%, 90% 80% ~85%;Al2O3>30%; Fe2O3<1 0% 4 40 (JC/T929 2003) Al2O3 26 00 21 00 17 00 26 00 21 00 17 00 SiO2 70 00 75 00 70 00 75 00 /% Fe2O3 0 5 1 0 1 5 0 5 1 0 1 5 K2O+Na2O 0 5 1 0 0 5 1 0 /% 3 0 0 5 1 0 /% 85 0 80 0 75 0, 1/% 99 5 99 0 1 GB/T15344

98 4 7 3 (1) 1 : ; ; () ( ),, 2,,,, 3,,,, 4,,, 5, ;,, 6, (2),, ; (3), T O T, ( ) 2 1,,, :1, ;2Al Si,, Al OH Si OH,,, 4 7 4 7 (a) NDZ201,, 4 7 (b) KH 590,,,,, SLG,, 4 8

4 99 4 7 4 8 99% 325,,, 25min,,17min,, (4),,,,,,, 4 9,

100 4 9, 7 6,,0 5~1MPa 1000~2000,,,,, 4 8 4 8 1 (mica), : ; ; KAl2[AlSi3O10][OH] 2, SiO245 2%,Al2O338 5%,K2O 11 8%,H2O4 5%, Na Ca Mg Ti Cr Mn FeF KMg3 [AlSi3O10][F,OH] 2, SiO2 38 7% ~45%,Al2O3 10 8%~17%,K2O7%~10 3%,MgO21 4%~29 4%,H2O0 3%~4 5%, Na Ti Mn FeF,,,

4 101 [001], 1 0nm, 0 5nm 1 0nm,,,,, 71 1%~87 5%; 0~25 2%; 2~2 5, 2 78~2 85; (1475 9~2092 7) 10 6 Pa (15050~21340kgf/ cm 2 ), (1394 5~1874 05) 10 6 Pa (14220~19110kgf/cm 2 ) 4 41 4 41 n g nm n p ZV(-)/( ) 1 580~1 599 1 582~1 599 1 552~1 573 3~43 1 618~1 590 1 610~1 589 1 552~1 562 3~12,, ; 4 42 4 43 4 42 0 015mm /kv /(kv/mm) /kv 0 025mm /(kv/mm) 2 2 146 5 4 0 160 1 8 120 3 2 128 4 43 166 7~353 0 156 906~205 939 /MPa 813951~1225831 294 199~588 399 210843~296063 82 768~135 332 /(g/cm 3 ) 2 7~2 88 2 7~2 9 4 8 2,,,, ;,,,,,,,

102,, ;, (JC/T49 1995), 4 44 4 44 /mm /cm 2 /cm 2 /cm 2 200 65 20 100~200 40 10 50~100 20 6 20~50 10 4 4~20 4 2 0 1 <10, 25%;, ; 4mm, 7mm (ZBG63003 87) 4 45 4 45 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 7 1mm /% 7 0 7 0 2 0mm /% 4 0 /mm 0 3~15 0 4 0 /% 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 5mm /% 3 50 3 50 3 50 /% 5 0 /% 10 0 15 0 15 0 4 46 4 47 ( JC/T595 1995JC/T596 1995) 4 8 3 (1) ; 1, ;, 2,, 1350mm 1000mm,,, ;,,

4 103 4 46 /% /% /% / 10-6 /(g/cm 3 ) 900μm (20) 450μm (40) 300μm (60) 150μm (100) 75μm (200) 45μm (325) μm +900 +450 +300-300 % <2 65±5 25±5 <10 μm +450 +300 +150-150 % <2 45±5 45±5 <10 μm +300 +150 +75-75 % <2 50±5 40±5 <10 μm +150 +75 +45-45 % <2 40±5 30±5 <30 μm +75 % <2 μm +45 % <2 400 1 0 800 1 5 400 1 0 0 36 0 34 1 0 45 50 4 47 /% /% /% /(g/cm 3 ) /% /% 38μm (400) 45μm (325) 75μm 0 1 38μm 10 112μm 0 1 45μm 10 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 25 1 0 70 1 0 70 75μm (200) 150μm 0 1 75μm 10 0 6 5 0 0 28 1 0 65 90μm (160) 125μm (120) 180μm 0 1 90μm 10 250μm 0 1 125μm 10 1 0 5 0 5 0 0 28 0 30 1 0 65 1 0 65 3,,,,,,,, 1,, :,,ph 3 5,, 30%~45%;,pH 8~10 5,

104 2 :,,, (2),, (3),, ( );,,, (4) () 1, (),,, 2,,, ( ), ph,,, ( ), :, ph,,,

4 105 4 9 4 9 1 (asbestos), Mg3Si2O5(OH) 4 2SiO2 3MgO 2H2O, (%):SiO243 37;MgO43 64;H2O12 99 : (Mg,Fe) 7 [Si8O22](OH) 2, SiO256 0%~58 0%,MgO28%~34%;, Na2Fe5[(OH)Si4O11] 2, SiO2 51 94%, MgO 1 37%; (Mg,Fe 2+ )3Fe 3+ 2 Si7O20 10H2O, SiO2 54 33%,MgO15 31%; Ca2Mg5[Si4O11] 2 (OH) 2,SiO253 0%~62 0%, MgO0~30% 4 48 4 48 ( ) Mg3Si2O5(OH) 4, SiO243 37%, MgO43 64%,H2O12 99% : : 2~2 5; 2 49~2 53g/ cm 3 ; >3000MPa ( Na2Fe5[(OH)Si4O11] 2 ) : 3 2~ 3 3g/cm 3 ; > 3000MPa;,, (Mg,Fe) 7 [Si8O22](OH) 2, Ca2Mg5[Si4O11] 2 (OH) 2, (Mg,Fe 2+ )3Fe 3+ 2 Si7O2010H2O 3000MPa,,,,,,,,, (4 10), 2~20nm, 100~500nm,,,,

106 4 10 4 9 2 4 49 4 49 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ; ; ; ; (GB/8017 2001) 1 2 1 2, 4 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6, 4 51

4 107 4 50 (GB/8071 2001) /mm /% /% 1 100 70 2 0 2 60 70 2 5 1 19 60 5 0 2 9 60 10 0 4 51 (GB/8071 2001) /% +12 5mm+4 75mm +1 4mm -1 4mm 1 70(Z) 70 93 97 3 /% /% /% /% +1 18mm -0 075mm 50 40 1 1 60(Z) 60 88 96 4 47 44 1 50(Z) 50 85 95 5 2 40(Z) 40 82 94 6 43 46 37 50 0 3 0 04 2 2 30(Z) 30 82 93 7 32 54 2 20(Z) 20 75 91 9 28 58 3 80 80 93 7 38 1.3 3 70 70 91 9 10 40 1.2 3 60 60 89 11 40 42 1.1 3 3 50 3 40 50 87 13 40 84 16 9 43 1.0 44 0.9 0 3 0 04 3 55(Z) 3 45(Z) 55 88 12 45 85 15 30 25 20 60 0.9 62 0.8 4 30 30 83 17 8 46 0.7 4 20 4 15 20 82 18 15 80 20 35 7 49 0.6 6 52 0.5 4 4 10 10 80 20 6 52 0.5 0 4 0 03 4 20(Z) 20 80 20 10 65 0.65 4 10(Z) 10 78 22 25 8 68 0.6 4 5(Z) 5 75 25 5 70 0.5 5 80 80 20 4 54 0.40 5 70 5 60 70 30 60 40 30 3 56 0.35 1.5 58 0.30 5 5 50 50 50 1 60 0.25 0 5 0 02 5 70(Z) 70 30 3 72 0.30 5 60(Z) 60 40 20 2 74 0.20 5 50(Z) 50 50 1 76 0.15 6 40 40 60 66 6 30 30 70 68 6 6 20 20 80 70 1 0 0 02 6 40(Z) 40 60 80 6 30(Z) 30 70 85 :(Z)

108 4 9 3 (1),,,, 30mm 50mm, 2%, :, 3~4, 4~5,,,,, 6~8, 4~6,,, (2),,,,,EDTA ( ),,,,, (3) 1000kg 25~27t, 1000,, MgO SiO2 FeO Fe2O3 Ni,, 1~3μm Mg (OH) 2 98% 190m 2 /g SiO2 99%

4 109 4 10 4 10 1 (wolastonite), CaSiO3, CaO48 3%,SiO251 7%, Ca Fe Mg Mn Ti Sr,, :, ;,,, Y ;, ; ; 2 78~2 91g/cm 3, 4 5~5, 1544,,,,, 4 10 2, 4 52 4 52 ( ), X ( ) (JC/T535 2007) 5 (4 53);, 4 54 4 53 (JC/T535 2007) 1~250mm <1000μm <38μm <10μm 8 1 4 10 3 (1) ( ) 1

110 4 54 (JC/T535 2007) /% 90 80 60 40 /% 48~52 46~54 41~59 40 /% 45~48 42~50 38~50 30 /% 0 5 1 0 1 5 /% 2 5 4 0 9 0 90 85 75 /% 18~30( 5μm,18~35) 46 105 /% 0 5, / % 0 5, /% 8 0 2,,,, 3,, 4, a,,,, ph,,, b,, :, ;, (2),,, (>10),,,400, 2,, :, 400~1000 ; 1250(d97 10μm) ( )

4 111,, ( ) (3),,,, ;,, 1,0 5% ~1 5%; 0 75%, 6 30% 2,,,,, () ( ),, 3 /,,, / 4,,, 4 11 4 11 1 (diopsite) (tremolite) 4 55 4 11 2,,,,,,,, ( Fe2O3 1 5% 1 0% ),,

112 4 55 /% CaMg(Si2O6) Ca2Mg5(Si4O11) 2 (OH) 2 SiO2 53~62 55~59 MgO 11~16 15~28 CaO 15~16 13~23 Al2O3 2~9 0 1~4 Fe2O3 1 2~1 6 0 2~0 8 TiO2 <1 <1 MnO <1 <1,,,,,, 5~6 5 5~6 /(g/cm 3 ) 3 3~3 4 2 9~3 0 {110}, {100} {001} {110} 4 11 3 200 325 400 500~600, 400 ( ),500,, ( ) ( ), 4 12 4 12 1 (cyanite) (andalusite) (silimanite),, Al2SiO5 : Al2O3 62 93%, SiO237 07%,,, {100}, 5 5, 6 5~7,, 3 56~3 68g/cm 3,,,, ;,, ;

4 113, 7, 3 1~3 2g/cm 3,,, 7, 3 23~3 27g/cm 3 (Al2O3 2SiO2, ) ( ), 1100~ 1500, 16% ~18%; 1500~1650, 5%~8%; 1350~1450, 5% 4 56 4 56 /% Al2SiO5 Al2O362 93,SiO237 07 /(g/cm 3 ) 3 56~3 68 3 23~3 27 3 10~3 20 5 5~7 7~7 5 7~7 5 {100}, {010} {110}, {100} { 010} (-) (-) (-) 1 13 0 23 0 29~0 03 (ph) 7 9 7 2 6 8 / 1100 1400 1500 /% 16~18 5 5~8 ( ), 4 12 2,,, 1,, 2,,

114 3, 4, 1650,, ( ) 4 57 4 57 /% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 / A 14~20 72~78 2 4 >1825 B 53 1 2 >1790 35~41 56~62 2 0 5 60 1 5 2 0 >1825 42 55~60 <1 5 <1 5 4 12 3 (1), :,,,,, (+65 ), (-65),, +65,, 1, ph a,-200 30% ~40%,,-200 70%~90% b, 2~3, 20~30μm c ph, 500~1000g/t ph, ph 3 5~4 5;, ph 6 0~8 0,

4 115,, 2 3,,, (2) :, (Al2O354% ~60%);,, 4 11 4 11 (Kyanite MiningCorporation) ( ), 1650,, :Al2O3 54 17% ~60 06%,SiO2 43 73% ~37 48%,Fe2O3 0 16% ~ 0 94%,TiO20 67%,CaO0 03%,MgO0 01%,K2O+Na2O0 42%; 2 9~3 1g/ cm 3 ; SK36~37; 35 48 100 200 325, 4 13 4 13 1 (vermiculite),, (),,,,, (Mg,Ca) 0 7 (Mg,Fe 3+,Al) 6 0 [(Al,Si) 8 0 ](OH4 8H2O) SiO237% ~42%,Al2O39% ~17%,Fe2O35% ~18%,MgO11% ~23%, H2O5%~11%,;Ca Na K,,,

116,,0 54cm 100 ; ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ); 2 2~2 8g/cm 3, 1~1 5, 1 1~1 2g/cm 3, 1320~1350, 100~150MPa,800~1000 0 5~ 1min, 8~15, 30,,, 4 13 2, 100~ 130kg/m 3, 0 047~0 081W/(m K), 1300~1350, 512Hz 0 53~0 63,;, 4 58 4 58,, 4 59 4 59 +20 20~40 40~120 120~270-270 ( ) 1989 (4 60 4 61), (ZBQ25001 88), 4 60 1 2 3 4 5 /mm 8~16 4~8 2~4 1~2 0 5~1 <0 5

4 117 4 61 1 2 3 4 5 /(kg/m 3 ) 56~80 72~100 88~130 110~160 130~200 160~280 /% <1 <4 <5 <5 <7 <7 /% <10 <10 <10 <15 <20 <20 4 13 3 (1),, () 1 2,, ;,,, 2~15mm, 1mm 3,,,, 4,, (2),, (850~1000 ) 20, ( ) 1 (), 2, 850~1000,, 3 ( ),, 30~40, ;,

118 4 14 4 14 1 (perlite) (pitchstone) (obsidian),, 2%~6%;, 6%~10%;, 2%, ;,, ; 5 5~7; 2 2~2 4g/cm 3 ; 1300~1380 ; 1 483~1 506; 4~25 SiO268%~74%,Al2O311%~14%,Fe2O30 5%~3 6%, CaO0 7%~1 0%,K2O2%~3%,Na2O4%~5%,MgO 0 3%,H2O2 3%~6 4% 4 62 4 62,,, 4 14 2,,, 4 63 4 63 ; ; ; ; ;, ; ; ; ; ; ; ( )

4 119 K0 7~10 ( 3), K, : K0=5 2(K-0 8) 70~250kg/m 3 (JC209 92) 70 100 150 200 250,, 4 64 :SiO270%, Fe2O3+ FeO<1 5% ( ) 4 64 /(kg/m 3 ) /% 5mm /% 0 15mm /[W/(m K)] (298±5)K, 5~10K/cm 70 70 100 100 150 150 200 200 250 250 2 2 2 4 6 0 047 0 049 0 051 0 052 0 054 0 056 0 058 0 060 0 062 0 064 0 066 0 068 0 070 0 072 0 074 4 652007 (JC/T1020 2007) 4 65 (JC/T1020 2007) CEP50 CEP60 1 /(kg/m 3 ) 50 50~60 2 /(kg/m 3 ) 65 75 3 1mm /% 0 15mm % 8 10 4 ( )/% 0 5 5 37 6 ( 293K, 77K )/[W/(m K)] 0 023 0 025 4 14 3 (1) : 2~3 ( ) ( ); 0 15~1mm,, 2% ~4%, 400~450, 10min,, 1250~1300, 1~3s,

120, : ( ) ( ) (2),,,,,,, 4 66 4 66 ( )60~120kg/ ( ) m 3, 0 05~1 5mm( 0 5mm <10%) ( ) ( ),, ; ( ; ) 4 67 4 67 ( ), 1 80~ 170kg/m 3,, 400~500 4 68 4 68 /(kg/m 3 ) 1 2 ( >400) 80~150 (1 10)~(1 14 5) 2 1 1 6~1 8 100~170 1 (3~10) 0 7~1 7 1 5~1 8 ( 400) 60~130 1 (8~10) 1 6~1 7 1 6~2 0 1 2 :

4 121 2 : 120kg/m 3 : 2 4~3, 1 38~1 42g/cm 3, 38~42 Bé ( ) :, SiO2>22%,Al2O3<6%,Fe2O3> 8%,CaO<48%,H2O<3% 4 69 4 69 /% /% 1 1 8 43 6 1 8 54 6 1 8 240~300kg/m 3 ; 0 6~ 1 7MPa; 0 047~0 08W/ (m K); 0 071 ~ 0 115W/(m K) (1~1 3) (0 4~ 1); ( ) 10%~14% 1 600~650 : 3 4 70 4 70 80kg/m 3 ( ) 3 # 5 # 1 1 : 4 4 71 4 71 60~90kg/m 3 ; 0 03~ 0 04W/(m K); 4~7 5%,90 1 3, 80% 1 6~2 1 1 1g /cm 3 ; 20 ; 60%~70% <300kg/m 3 ; 0 07W/(m K); >0 2MPa

122 : (3),, : 2 4g/cm 3 ; 0 21~0 24g/cm 3 ; 30μm 15% ~20% : 2mg/kg; 10 5mg/kg; 10mg/kg; ( ) 5 10-6 :, 250~300 ; Vs 450 P ( ), 950 ; (4),,,,,, 100~200μm, 300μm,, 1, 3mm 2, 1mm 3,,, 4 72 4 72,, 33% 4 15 4 15 1 (zeolite),,,, 34,

4 123 1 92~2 80g/cm 3, 5~5 5,,, AmBpO2p nh2o, Ax/q[(AlO2) x (SiO2) y ]nh2o, A Ca Na K Ba Sr ;BAl Si;q ;m ;n ;x Al ;y Si ; y/x 1~5 ; (x+y), (Na,K,Ca) 2~3 [Al3(Al,Si) 2Si13O36] 12H2O, Na2Ca [AlSi5O12] 4 12H2O (),(), (),,,Na Ca Sr K Ba Mg (OH),,,,,, ( ) ( ) ( ),,,, 4 15 2, 4 73 4 73 ( ),,, ( ) :,,,, 40% 50%~70% 60%,SO2 CO2 X,, ;, SO2 ;

124,,SO2 CO2 SO2 200mg/g,CO2 81 3mg/g SiO2 Al2O3,SiO2 Al2O3 4 15 3, : 1, 0 001~0 05mm;2 ( ),,,,,, (50% ~55%) (20% ~25%) (10%~15%) (3% ~7%) (2% ~4%) 0 005~ 0 03mm, (-9μm) (-38μm ) (-9μm) ( ), 80% : ( ), 500,,,,,, ( ) ( ),,,, 5~80,( ) 10~20h,, 30~50, (HCl H2SO4 HNO3 HClO4 ),H + 20%, 90~110, 350~600 H, (NaCl Na2SO4 NaNO3 ), 75%, Na, 4 16 4 16 1 (sepiolite),

4 125 ( ),,,2 1, ( 4 12) 0 38~0 98nm, 0 56~ 1 10nm, ( ),, Si O Si,,,, 4 12 [001] Si; Mg; H2O; O; OH ;, ; ;,, ; 2~2 5;, 1~2 2g/cm 3,,,, (Si) (Mg), Mg8(H2O) 4 [Si6O16] 2 (OH) 4 8H2O, SiO2 54%~60%,MgO 21%~25%,,Mg 2+ Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Mn 2+ Al 3+ Fe 3+ Si 4+,, ( 900m 2 /g, 0 385mL/g),, 2~3,400,400~800,800 α ; 1500~1700,, ph 4 16 2,, 100, 4 74

126 4 74,,,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,, (JC/T 574 2006) 4 75~4 78 4 75 (JC/T574 2006) ( 600r/min )/mpa s 30 ( 0 125mm )/% 2 0 /% 10 0 4 76 (JC/T574 2006) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 300 220 115 80 0 (H2SO4 )/% 0 20 ( 0 075mm )/% 5 0 /% 10 0 /% 3 4 77 (JC/T574 2006) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ /mm 4 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 +4 0mm +3 0mm +2 0mm +1 0mm /% +0 25mm -0 25mm 5 5 5 40 30 40 30 40 30 60 50 30 60 50 30 60 50 30 80 60 60 80 60 60 80 60 60 90 85 80 90 85 80 90 85 80 10 15 20 10 15 20 10 15 20

4 127 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ /mm 4 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 /% 75 65 55 /% 3 0 /% 3 0 /% 24 00 /% 3 4 78 (JC/T574 2006) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ /mm 4 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 /% 40 25 10 /% 5 0 /% 3 0 /% 10 0 /% 24 00 /% 3 4 16 3 (1),,,,,,,, 21 8%~35% 90% (2),,,,, 54%, 3%NaCl 33%;, 35%, 0 716MPa, ;, 50% (3),, ; (4),,

128 ; H +, Al 3+ Mg 2+ Fe 3+,,,,, 100~300, 300, :, ;, 4 17 4 17 1 (atapulgite), 2 1, (), 2 1,, 0 37nm 0 63nm,,,, (4 13 4 14) 4 13 [100] HiO; OH; MgAl; OH; O; Si 4 14 TEM Mg5(H2O) 4 [Si4O10] 2 (OH) 2, MgO23 83%, SiO256 96%,H2O19 21% Al 3+ Fe 3+, Al 3+ Fe 3+,,,,, 2 05~2 30g/cm 3, 2~3,

4 129,, 24g/100g, 40~50cm 3 /15g, 4~6cm 3 /g, 7 5~12 5mmol/100g, 2 5~ 7 5mmol/100g,, 4 17 2,,4 79 4 79,,,,,,,,,,, (),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

130,,,,, >17 5m 3 /t,200 8%, 15%;, 150 ( 200),, 4 80 4 80 / μ m 10μm /% 0 2μm /% 2 9 95 5 3 73 1 8 28 0 14 65 (982 )/% 6 6 6 22 (982 )/% 1 2 1 12 /(g/cm 3 ) 2 47 2 47 2 47 2 56 /(m 2 /g) 125 127 125 210 ph 7 5~9 5 4 81 4 81 GEL 1 GEL 2 GEL 3 /(mpa s) 3000 2500 2000 (325)/% 0~10 0~10 0~10 /% 10~19 10~19 10~19 ph 8~10 8~10 8~10 /(g/cm 3 ) 0 54~0 65 0 54~0 65 0 54~0 65 ( ) : 10~30 20~40, 180%, 70%, 15%, 5s, 85%, 700g; ( ) : (0 5~4mm) 10%, 60%; (150 200 325) 15%, 85%, 180% : -30~ +80 (+30 2%, -80 10%) 15% :100 120 150, 15%, :120 150 200, 15%

4 131 :100 150 200, 15%, 34 3Pa : 70%, 10%, 100~325, 4 82 4 82 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Na2O K20 CaO MgO /% 20 75~ 24 62 4 75~ 5 90 1 57~ 1 95 0 14~ 0 30 0 37~ 0 59 18 25~ 22 17 13 53~ 14 20 29 0~ 35 0 4 17 3 (1),,,, 1, : 200~325 ( ),,,, 2,,,,,,,,, (2) 200, ;200~400,,,,,,250,, 4 83 4 83 / 130 200 250 320 400 /% 0 8 5 10 0 12 5 16 7 18 9 (BET)/(m 2 /g) 71 1 217 268 320 282 241

132 (3),,,,,, (4),,, ( ),, 4 18 4 18 1 (zircon), ZrSiO4,,, 4 84 4 84 4 6~4 7g/cm 3 ; 7~8;, ; 2430 ; (1000C)3 7W/(m K); 0 63J/( g); N0=7 923~7 960,Nc=2 950~2 968 (%)ZrO267 2 SiO232 8; Fe2O3 TiO2 CaO Al2O3 HfO2 ThO2 ; ; :, Hf Th U,,,,, 200 4 18 2,, :,, ;,, ; ZrO2,

4 133 (YB834 87), ( 4 85) 4 85 /% ZrO2+HfO2 TiO2 Fe2O3 P2O5 Al2O3 SiO2 65 50 0 30 0 10 0 20 0 80 34 00 65 00 0 50 0 25 0 25 0 80 34 00 65 50 1 00 0 30 0 35 0 80 34 00 63 00 2 50 0 50 0 50 1 00 33 00 60 00 3 50 0 80 0 80 1 20 32 00 55 00 8 00 1 50 1 50 1 50 31 00 1 0 2%;2 ;3 425μm ;4 ;5 4 18 3 (1),,,,, 4 86 4 86, 2mm ( 0 3mm ) ( ), ;,,, (, ), (2) ( ),, d50 1 5~2μm,d97 5~6μm,,

134 ; : 7 5, ;, ;, ;,,, 4 19 4 19 1 (granat) (),, A3B2 [SiO4] 3, A,B 4 87, 4 87 /(g/cm 3 ) / Fe3Al2 [SiO4] 3 Mg3Al2 [SiO4] 3 7~7 5 4 32 1 830 1180 7 5 3 58 1 714 1260~ 1280 Mn3Al2 [SiO4] 3 Ca3Al2 [SiO4] 3 7~7 5 4 19 1 800 1200 6 5~7 3 59 1 734 1180 Ca3Fe2 [SiO4] 3 7 3 86 1 887 1170~ 1200 Ca3Cr2 [SiO4] 3 7 5 3 90 1 860,

4 135 4 19 2,,,,,,, 4 88 4 88,,, ;,,,,,, (1), 7 5, 93%, ;,,,, 75% ~80%, 4 89 4 89 1 2~0 71mm(14~24) 0 25~0 18mm (60~80) 0 075~0 063mm (200~220), 90%, 90% W2~W5 0~10μm,<15%;10~16μm,<30%; 16~20μm,>25%;20~25μm,>20%; 25~32μm,>5%;>32μm,<1% (%):SiO244 34,Fe2O3 12 55,FeO 9 72,Al2O320 36, MgO12 35 7 5; <2%; 98% (2), 98%, 0 25~5mm, 2%,, ( ) 10% 0 35~0 65mm 60%

136, 1 25~1 80, 1 55~1 60 (3),,, 7 (4) 1988, 41, :4 # 5 # 6 # 7 # 8 # 10 # 12 # 14 # 16 # 20 # 22 # 24 # 30 # 36 # 40 # 46 # 54 # 60 # 70 # 80 # 90 # 100 # 120 # 150 # 180 # 220 # 240 # ; W63 W50 W40 W28 W20 W14 W10 W7 W5 W3 5 W2 5 W1 5 W1 0 W0 5 4 # ~W50 (GB2477 83) W40~ W0 5 4 90 4 90 W40~W0 5 (ZBJ43006 1988) / μ m /% /% /% /% /% / μ m / μ m / μ m / μ m / μ m ± W40 63~50 0 50~40 25 40~28 45 40~20 70 <20 7 32 1 8 W28 50~40 0 40~28 25 28~20 45 28~14 70 <14 7 25 1 8 W20 40~28 0 28~20 25 20~14 45 20~10 65 <10 7 17 1 5 W14 28~20 0 20~14 25 14~10 45 14~7 65 <7 13 12 1 5 W10 20~14 0 14~10 20 10~7 40 10~5 70 <5 13 7 1 0 W7 14~10 0 10~7 20 7~5 40 7~3 5 70 <3 5 13 5 1 0 W5 10~7 0 7~5 20 5~3 5 40 5~2 5 70 <2 5 13 4 0 8 W3 5 7~5 0 5~3 5 20 3 5~2 5 40 3 5~1 5 70 <1 5 16 3 5 0 8 W2 5 5~3 5 0 3 5~2 5 20 2 5~1 5 40 2 5~1 0 70 <1 0 16 2 0 5 W1 5 3 5~2 5 0 2 5~1 5 20 1 5~1 0 40 1 5~0 5 70 <0 5 16 1 0 5 W1 0 2 5~1 5 0 1 5~1 0 20 1 0~0 5 40 <1 0 70 0 8 0 3 W0 5 1 5~1 0 0 1 0~0 5 20 <0 5 80 0 8 0 3 4 # ~W0 5 4 91 46 #, 3 95g/cm 3 4 91 4 # ~W0 5 (ZBJ43006 1988) SiO2 Al2O3 FeO Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO /% 35 0~40 0 20 0~28 0 25 0~27 0 5 0~10 0 1 5~2 5 0 5~2 2 1 5~5 0 4 92 4 93 4 92 (ZBJ43006 88) 16 # ~30 # 36 # ~60 # 70 # ~120 # 150 # ~240 # /% 0 0900 0 1200 0 1450 0 1550

4 137 4 93 (ZBJ43006 1988) / μ m 4 # ~90 # 100 # ~240 # W40 W28 W20 W14 W10 W7 W5 /% 70 55 45 30 25 20 18 /% 6 0 7 0 6 0 7 0 4 19 3,, ; ;,,, : 1 (4 15); 2 (4 16); 3 (4 17) 4 15 4 16,,

138 4 17 45~0 5μm () 4 20 4 20 1 (rectorite) 1 1 Kx(H2O) 4 {Al2[AlxSi4-xO10](OH) 2 }, :SiO243% ~ 54%,Al2O324% ~40%, H2O 8% ~15%, 90%, 10% MgO Fe2O3 FeO Na2O CaO K2O,,,,, 5μm, 0 01~0 1mm;, ; ;, 2 8g/cm 3, 1 3g/cm 3 ; 1 ( 1660 ) 4 20 2 ( ), 70%, 40, 4% (, 2% ), API ( )BA

4 139, 600~700,,,,,,, ;ph 4~6, 4 20 3,,,,, :,,, ( ), ;, 120, 4 21 4 21 1 (tourmaline), :NaR3Al6 [Si6O18](BO3) 3 (OH) 4, Na K Ca, Al Si R, : R=Mg,, NaMg3Al6 [Si6O18](BO3) 3 (OH) 4 ; R=Fe,, NaFe3Al6 [Si6O18](BO3) 3 (OH) 4 ; R=Li+Al,, Na(Li+Al) 3Al6[Si6O18](BO3) 3 (OH,F) 4 ; R=Mn,, NaMn3Al6[Si6O18](BO3) 3 (OH,F) 4 ; Fe 3+ Cr 3+ R, Cr2O3 10 86%, B 3, ;Mg 6 ( OH - ),[BO3] 9Na + [AlO6(OH)],, ;, ; ; 7~7 5; 3 03~3 25g/cm 3,, ;

140 4 21 2,,,,,,, 1500~3500/cm 3,,, ( ),,, ;,, : 1 ; 2, ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6, ; 7 ; 8,,, 4 21 3,,,,,,, ( 150~325 ) ( ),, :

4 141, d50 0 8μm,d97 2 0μm, d50 0 9μm,d97 2 5μm, 4 22 4 22 1 (diatomite), SiO2, Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O P2O5 SiO2 60%, 90% 1%~1 5%, 3%~6%, 30%,, 0 3~0 5g/cm 3, 1~1 5 ( 4 5~5μm), 80%~ 90%, 1 5~4,, 1650~1750,,,,, 50% ~80% 800~1000, 20%~30%,,,,,,, 90%, 5%, 1% 1 25~1 29g/cm 3, 0 5~0 6g/cm 3 75%, 5% ~25%, 2% 0 56~0 63g/cm 3,,,, 50%~70%, 25% ~30%, 5%, 0 58~ 0 65g/cm 3,,,, 30%~ 40%, 5%, 3%~10%, 4 22 2,,, ( ), 4 94

142 4 94, SiO2 80%,, ( ) SiO2 55%, 1991 (JC414 91) A : 0 25mm : 0 25mm 0 15mm 0 106mm 0 075mm 0 045mm B: 0 25mm, 4 95 4 95 DA 1 DA 2 DA 3 DB 1 DB 2 DB 3,,,,,,,, SiO2 86 00 75 00 60 00 85 00 75 00 60 00 Fe2O3 1 50 2 50 4 50 2 00 3 00 5 00 Al2O3 3 50 8 00 18 00 5 00 10 00 18 00 /% CaO 1 00 1 50 2 00 1 00 1 50 2 00 MgO 1 00 1 50 1 50 1 00 1 50 1 50 5 00 8 00 10 00 5 00 8 00 12 00 /% 10 0 10 0 15 0 20 0 /(g/cm 3 ) 0 30 0 40 0 55 0 30 0 40 0 55 /% 5 00 8 00 12 00 ph 6 00~8 00 /(m 2 /g) 15 0~70 0 4 22 3 (1)

4 143,,, ;, : ;,,, :, ( ) 30% ~45%; 10%~20%, : 0 003%~ 0 005%, 3 2 0 1%~0 2%; 1~1 5m/min, 10% ~ 20% 10%~18%5%~10%;, 0 02% ~0 04%;,, ; ;,, 85%,,,,,,, Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO,, 90%,Al2O3 1%,Fe2O3 CaO MgO 0 5%,, (2),, 3,12~14,150 1,600~800,,,, 2,800~1200,,,

144 3,900~1200, 20,Fe2O3,, :,, ;,, 5%~10%, 5%,, 20%~60%,, 50~70 :, (3) ( ),, SiO2 H2O, ( ) NaOH ( ), :, 100,,, (4), ( ) ( ),,,, 650,,,,,, ( >0 8MPa), ( 0 8~2 5MPa)

4 145,,,,, ( ),,, ( ),, ( ), (5) TiO 2 / TiO2/ ;,,24h 80%;,6h 99 18%;COD 95 59%, :

5 1 5 1 1 (barite), BaSO4,,, 5 1 5 1 /% /(g/cm 3 ) BaSO4 BaO65 7;SO334 3 4 5 2 5~3 5,, X γ, ( ) 5 2 5 2,, 6 1 BaSO480%~98%, 2 30%~45%,, 3 ; 4 5 ( ) 6 5 1 2, 80% ~90% 5 3

5 147 5 3,,,, X, BaSO4 90%;SiO2, 5% ; (Fe2O3) 1%; 5 4~5 6 5 7 5 8 5 4 4 2g/cm 3 ; -200 97%;-32585%~90%; 0 1%; :1% =0 125Pa s; 90% BaSO4/% SiO2/% Fe2O3/% Al2O3/% /% Ⅰ 95 <1 5 <0 5 <1 <0 3 Ⅱ 90 <2 5 <1 5 <2 <1 0 Ⅲ 85 <2 5 <1 5 <2 <1 0 5 5 BaSO4/% CaCO3/% Fe2O3/% / 90~95 0 05 <325 >98 <0 36 <325 Mn Cu Pb >96 <0 1 <0 2 60 SiO2<1 5%,Al2O3<0 15% 95~98 <1 SiO2<1%,Al2O3 5 6 4 2g/cm 3,BaSO4 92%,200 3%,325 5% BaSO4>95%,Fe2O3 SrSO4 1%,, 325 5 7 /(kg/m 3 ) BaSO4/% (Ca )/ 10-6 (-45μm)/% 4200 92 250 95 5 8 BaSO4/% Pb/% / 10-6 / 10-6 600 /% -20μm % 97 5 0 001 0 1 <0 1 2 90

148 5 1 3 (1) 5 9 5 9 5 1~5 3 5 4, (BaSO4 ) 97%, 95%, 10μm, 5 1 5 2 (2),,,,,,,, d97 5μm,,

5 149 5 3 5 4 (3) 1,, (BaSO4 85%) ( >75%)100 (25~27) ( ),, 1000~1300 5 5 : BaSO4+4C 1000~ 1300 BaS+4CO BaSO4+2C 600~ 800 BaS+2CO2 5 5

150, : BaSO4 +4CO BaS+4CO2, CO2 20%~25%,,,, 220g/L 85, BaS 6H2O BaS,, 2, 5 6 ( ),, 5 6 :,, 2BaS+2H2 O 幑幐 Ba(OH) 2+Ba(HS) 2 Ba(OH) 2+2H2 S Ba(HS) 2+2H2O, : Ba(HS) 2+CO2+H2 O BaCO3 +2H2S : BaSn+CO2+H2 O BaCO3 +H2S +Sn-1, (NaHS) [SC(NH2) 2 ], 90, : Na2CO3 +BaS BaCO3 +Na2S Na2CO3+BaSO 4 BaCO3 +Na2SO4 Na2CO3+BaS2O 3 BaCO3 +Na2S2O3 Na2CO3+BaSO 4 BaCO3 +Na2SO3 Na2S+(x-1) S Na2Sx BaSO4 Na2CO3, BaSO4 BaCO3,,300, :

S+O 2 SO2 BaCO3+SO 2 BaSO3+CO2 2BaSO3+O 2 2BaSO4 5 151 5 2 5 2 1 (celestine) SrSO4, SrO56 4%,SO343 6%, SrCaBa,,,,,,, 3~3 5, 3 97~4 0g/cm 3,,,, 5 2 2, X ;, ;,,, :SrSO4 92%,BaSO44%, CaSO44%, 2%, 200 6 5% :SrSO4 96%,CaSO4 0 5%, BaSO42% 5 10 5 10 /% /% /% /% SrCO3 >96 >96 1 7mm(10) 0 BaCO3 <3 <1 5 1 18mm(14) <2 CaCO3 <0 5 0 15mm(100mm) 70~85 S(SO3) <0 4 <0 4 0 106mm(150) >95 Fe2O3 <0 01 0 16mm(150) <5 Na2CO3 <1 0 5 2 3 (1),

152, (SrSO490% ),,, (, 2 93g/cm 3 ),, ( ), (2),, ( ) : 1 (SrSO4>90%) (6 4),1160~1300, : SrSO4 +2C SrS+2CO2 SrS, Na2CO3, SrS, SrCO3,: SrS+Na2CO 3 Na2S+SrCO3 SrCO3, CO2 NaCO3, : SrS+CO2+H2 O SrCO3 +H2S 2 5 7 5 7 200,, (30%),,,,, : SrSO4+Na2CO 3 SrCO3+Na2SO4, Na2SO4 Na2CO3 50%, ph 4~5, : SrCO3+2HNO 3 Sr(NO3) 2+H2O+CO2, NaOH,, ph 14

5 153 (50%) ph 6, : Sr(NO3) 2+Na2CO 3 SrCO3+2NaNO3, 150~180,,, 3, 60~100, 0 05~0 5MPa 0 5~5h, 2 5~4h,,,, 5 3 5 3 1 (gypsum) (Anhydrite) ; 5 11, 5 12 5 11 /(g/cm 3 ) Ca (SO4) 2H2O CaSO4,, {010},,, {100} 2 0, {011} {010}, 3 0~, {100}, 3 5 {001} 2 3 2 8~ 3 0 5 12 %, CaSO4 ( HCl,, :CaO41 19%;SO358 81%; ), SiO2 Al2O3 30% CaSO4 2H2O ( :CaO32 5%;SO346 5%; HCl,, ) H2O20 9%; 16~46 0 30W/(m K)[1 08kJ/(m, C h)], 2 5%~3%, ( ) ; :

154 5 3 2,5 13 5 13 ;,, ; ; CaSO4 2H2O JC16 82, 5 14 5 14 JC16 82 /% A B H2O/% CaSO4 2H2O CaSO4 2H2O+CaSO4 1 95 19 88 2 85 17 79 3 75 75 13 35 1 60 4 65 65 11 96 5 55 55 11 51 10 56 5 3 3 (1),,,,, 1 a :,

5 155 :, b, 2 ( ),,, 3,, 4,,,,ACC 60 5,,, (2) ( ),, (CaSO4 1/2H2O), ( ), β α β α,α, ; β, ; β α ;α β α β β,α α β, 1β β ( β CaSO4 1/2H2O), ( ) 5 8 β : 1 2 3 4 50~60mm 8 9, 10~25mm ; 10 11 12 13 13b 15, 14 17 15 19 20 22 23 24, 21, 22, 17, 24 7, 5 9,

156 5 8 β 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5,10,16,19 ;6 ; 6a ;6b ;7 ;8 ;9 ;11 ;12 ;13 ;13a ;13b ;13c ;13d ;14,15,22 ;17 ;18 ;20 ; 21 ;21a ;21b ;23 ;24 5 9 2α α,, (101325Pa),80~150 α β, α α 5 10 α CaCl2 FeCl3 KCl, 130 2~3h,, 85~100, 5 10 α 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 ;7 ;8 ;9 ;10 ;11 α β ; 12 5 11, 15mm,,,, α 5 12,

5 157 5 11 α,,,,, α 5 12 α 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ; 6 ;7 α β ; 8 α, α β, α β, α, β, 5 4 5 4 1 (alumstone), KAl3(SO4) 2 (OH) 6, (alunite) (natroalunite), 5 15 5 15 /%,, K2O 9 9;Al2O3,, 10 8; SO3 33 8;, 2~2 5 H2O45 5

158,, 85%; K2O 11 37%; SO338 66% Al2O336 92% H2O13 05% 5 4 2, [K2SO4 Al2(SO4) 3 24H2O] 5 16 5 16 ;,, 5 4 3 (1),, ; (2) (95% 60 ), (CO+H2 ), SO2 ( ) ( ) ( ), ( ) ( )

6 1 6 1 1 (graphite) (C),,, 6 1 6 1 /(g/cm 3 ) C 2 1~2 3 1~2 6 1, 0 3354nm, 0 142nm, 6 2,, 6 1 6 2 1 (3850±50), 4250,,,,2000 2 100, 3,, 4, 5, 6,

160, ( ), 1μm, 5~10mm,, 3%~13 5%,,,, 1μm,,,,, 60% ~90%,, 6 1 2 (1),, 1, ; ; 2, ( ) 3, -200~ 2000 100m/s,, ; ; ; 4 ( ) 5,, 6 7 (2) 1 (GB/T3518 1995),, 6 2, 6 3 6 2 (C)/% C 99 9 94 0 C <99 9 80 0 C <94 0 50 0 C <80 0 LC LG LZ LD

6 161 6 3 LC300 99 9, 300μm, 99 9% LG180 95, 180μm, 95% LZ(-)150 90, 150μm, 90% LD(-)75 70, 75μm, 70% 6 4~6 7 6 4 (GB/T3518 1995) /% /% /% LC300 99 99 80 0 LC(-)150 99 99 LC(-)75 99 99 LC(-)45 99 99 99 99 20 0, LC500 99 9 LC300 99 9 0 20 80 0 LC180 99 9 LC(-)150 99 9 99 90 LC(-)75 99 9 20 0 LC(-)45 99 9 6 5 (GB/T3518 1995) /% /% /% /% LG500 99 LG300 99 LG180 99 LG150 99 LG125 99 LG100 99 99 0 1 0 0 50 75 0 LG(-)150 99 LG(- )125 99 LG(- ) 100 99 LG(-)75 99 LG(-)45 99 LG500 98 LG300 98 LG180 98 LG150 98 LG125 98 LG100 98 LG(-)150 98 LG(- )125 98 LG(- ) 100 98 LG(-)75 98 LG(-)45 98 LG500 97 LG300 97 LG180 97 LG150 97 LG125 97 LG100 97 LG(-)150 97 LG(- )125 97 LG(- ) 100 97 LG(-)75 97 LG(-)45 97 LG500 96 LG300 96 LG180 96 LG150 96 LG125 96 LG100 96 LG(-)150 96 LG(- )125 96 LG(- ) 100 96 LG(-)75 96 LG(-)45 96 99 0 1 0 0 50 20 0 98 0 1 0 0 50 75 0 98 0 1 0 0 50 20 0 97 0 1 2 0 50 75 0 97 0 1 2 0 50 20 0 96 0 1 2 0 50 75 0 96 0 1 2 0 50 20 0

162 /% /% /% /% LG500 95 LG300 95 LG180 95 LG150 95 LG125 95 LG100 95 LG(-)150 95 LG(- )125 95 LG(- ) 100 95 LG(-)75 95 LG(-)45 95 95 0 1 2 0 50 75 0 95 0 1 2 0 50 20 0 LG500 94 LG300 94 LG180 94 LG150 94 LG125 94 LG100 94 LG(-)150 94 LG(- )125 94 LG(- ) 100 94 LG(-)75 94 LG(-)45 94 94 0 1 2 0 50 75 0 94 0 1 2 0 50 20 0 6 6 (GB/T3518 1995) /% /% /% /% LZ500 93 LZ300 93 LZ180 93 LZ150 93 LZ125 93 LZ100 93 93 0 1 5 1 00 75 0 LZ(- )150 93 LZ(- )125 93 LZ(- ) 100 93 LZ(-)75 93 LZ(-)45 93 LZ500 92 LZ300 92 LZ180 92 LZ150 92 LZ125 92 LZ100 92 99 0 1 0 1 00 20 0 92 0 1 5 1 00 75 0 LZ(- )150 92 LZ(- )125 92 LZ(- ) 100 92 LZ(-)75 92 LZ(-)45 92 92 0 1 5 1 00 20 0 LZ500 91 LZ300 91 LZ180 91 LZ150 91 LZ125 91 LZ100 91 LZ(- )150 91 LZ(- )125 91 LZ(- ) 100 91 LZ(-)75 91 LZ(-)45 91 91 0 1 5 1 00 75 0 91 0 1 5 1 00 20 0 LZ500 90 LZ300 90 LZ180 90 LZ150 90 LZ125 90 LZ100 90 90 0 2 0 1 00 75 0 LZ(- )150 90 LZ(- )125 90 LZ(- ) 100 90 LZ(-)75 90 LZ(-)45 90 90 0 2 0 1 00 20 0 LZ500 89 LZ300 89 LZ180 89 LZ150 89 LZ125 89 LZ100 89 89 0 2 0 1 00 75 0 LZ(- )150 89 LZ(- )125 89 LZ(- ) 100 89 LZ(-)75 89 LZ(-)45 89 LZ(-) 38 89 89 0 2 0 1 00 20 0 LZ500 88 LZ300 88 LZ180 88 LZ150 88 LZ125 88 LZ100 88 88 0 2 0 1 00 75 0

6 163 /% /% /% /% LZ(- )150 88 LZ(- )125 88 LZ(- ) 100 88 LZ(-)75 88 LZ(-)45 88 LZ(-) 38 88 LZ500 87 LZ300 87 LZ180 87 LZ150 87 LZ125 87 LZ100 87 88 0 2 0 1 00 20 0 87 0 2 5 1 00 75 0 LZ(- )150 87 LZ(- )125 87 LZ(- ) 100 87 LZ(-)75 87 LZ(-)45 87 LZ(-) 38 87 LZ500 86 LZ300 86 LZ180 86 LZ150 86 LZ125 86 LZ100 86 LZ(- )150 86 LZ(- )125 86 LZ(- ) 100 86 LZ(-)75 86 LZ(-)45 86 87 0 2 5 1 00 20 0 86 0 2 5 1 00 75 0 86 0 2 5 1 00 20 0 LZ500 85 LZ300 85 LZ180 85 LZ150 85 LZ125 85 LZ100 85 85 0 2 5 1 00 75 0 LZ(- )150 85 LZ(- )125 85 LZ(- ) 100 85 LZ(-)75 85 LZ(-)45 85 LZ500 83 LZ300 83 LZ180 83 LZ150 83 LZ125 83 LZ100 83 LZ(- )150 86 LZ(- )125 86 LZ(- ) 100 86 LZ(-)75 83 LZ(-)45 83 LZ500 80 LZ300 80 LZ180 80 LZ150 80 LZ125 80 LZ100 80 LZ(- )150 80 LZ(- )125 80 LZ(- ) 100 80 LZ(-)75 80 LZ(-)45 80 85 0 2 5 1 00 20 0 83 0 3 0 1 00 75 0 83 0 3 0 1 00 20 0 80 0 3 0 1 00 75 0 80 0 3 0 1 00 20 0 6 7 (GB/T3518 1995) /% /% /% LD(-)150 75 LD(-)75 75 LD(-)150 70 LD(-)75 70 LD(-)150 65 LD(-)75 65 LD(-)150 60 LD(-)75 60 LD(-)150 55 LD(-)75 55 LD(-)150 50 LD(-)75 50 75 00 70 00 65 00 60 00 55 00 50 00 2 00 25 0 2 :,WT ;, W,WT96 45, 96%, 45μm WT W 6 8 6 9

164 6 8 (GB/T3519 1995) /% /% /% /% /% WT99 45 WT99 75 WT98 45 WT98 75 99 98 0 8 1 0 1 0 0 15 WT97 45 WT97 75 WT96 45 WT96 75 WT95 45 WT95 75 97 96 95 1 5 1 5 0 4 15 WT94 45 WT94 75 WT92 45 WT92 75 WT90 45 WT90 75 WT88 45 WT88 75 WT85 45 WT85 75 WT83 45 WT83 75 WT80 45 WT80 75 94 92 90 88 85 83 80 2 0 3 3 3 6 2 0 0 7 0 8 10 WT78 45 WT78 75 WT75 45 WT75 75 78 75 3 8 1 0 6 9 (GB/T3519 1995) /% /% /% /% WT90 45 WT90 75 90 3 0 WT88 45 WT88 75 88 3 2 WT85 45 WT85 75 85 3 4 WT83 45 WT83 75 WT80 45 WT80 75 WT80 150 WT78 45 WT78 75 WT78 150 WT75 45 WT75 75 WT75 150 83 80 78 75 3 6 4 0 3 0 10 WT70 45 WT70 75 WT70 150 WT65 45 WT65 75 WT65 150 70 65 4 2 WT60 45 WT60 75 WT60 150 WT55 45 WT55 75 WT55 150 WT50 45 WT50 75 WT50 150 60 55 50 4 5 6 1 3 (1),,,, ( ) 95% 1 :

6 165,,,,, 6 10 6 10 /% 2 13~15 : (3~4,4~6 : ), :, 60~90 : : : 2,, 99% ( ) a ( ), 500, ;,,, : SiO2 +2NaOH Na2SiO3+H2O Fe 3+ - +3OH Fe(OH) 3 Al 3+ +3OH Ca 2+ +2OH - - Al(OH) 3 Ca(OH) 2 Mg 2+ - +2OH Mg(OH) 2 : Na2SiO3 +2HCl 2NaCl+H2SiO3 Fe(OH) 3 +3HCl FeCl3+3H2O Al(OH) 3 +3HCl AlCl3+3H2O Ca(OH) 2 +2HCl CaCl2+2H2O Mg(OH) 2 +2HCl MgCl2+2H2O SiO2 NaOH Na2SiO3,, Na2SiO3, Na[Al(OH)],, 6 3-100~+200,

166 50%, 1 0 8,, 1h, 100, 1h, 30% ~40%,, ; ; ; V ; ; 82% 98% b,, : 6 3, ( ),, : SiO2 +4HF SiF4 +2H2O SiF4 +2HF H2[SiF6] SiO2, : + Fe2O3+6H 2Fe 3+ +3H2O Fe(OH) 3+3H + Fe 3+ +3H2O Fe 3+ - +6F [FeF6] 3- SiO2, HF,,SiO2 SiF4 : SiO2+4HF( ) SiF4 +2H2O HF, (NH4HF2), 125 ( 140 ),,,,, : (a), ( 140 ), ; (b), ; (c), ; (d), SiF4, ; (e),, ; (f), :,,, 24h, NaOH,

6 167 c 99 9% 98%~ 99%, ( ) : 1+ HF (0 5~0 8)+ H2SO4 (0 4~ 0 7)+HCl (0 4~0 9), 6 4 :, HF H2SO4 HCl, ;,, (ph=7 ); 2~5;, 6 4 3, 2500,,, 45~70V,, 4000A,, 2500, 72h, 200, ( 5~10mm) 99 9%,,, 99 99%, (2), 74μm ( 200 ), 10μm; 5μm,, d 97 5μm, ( ) d 97 5μm, 1 ( ) ( 1~4μm)

168 6 5, 6 5 1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ;5 ;6 ;7 ; 8,10 ;9 ;11 ;12 ;13 99%, 10μm,, 3μm, ( ), 11 5% ~14 5%, 2, ; 6 6 :, 200, 33%~36%; 20h ;,, 1μm 1μm,,,,,,pH 10,,,,, 6 7,,,, 10μm, 3~4μm 80%, 10μm, 3~4μm 80%,

6 169 6 6 6 7,, 30μm,, (3),, ( GIC),,

170,, 1,, ( sp 2 ) (n) (p),, 2, sp,,, sp 3,,,, Ⅰ:, Ⅱ: Ⅲ:, 10~15,,, 0 335nm, KC8, ; KC24,,, :, ;, 1 a, ( ) 6 8 ( A ),D A 6 8 C,D,,,,, 300, 308 435, Ⅰ Ⅱ,KC8 KC24,

6 171,, b,,, 1~4,, 400 1h, NaC64 c, SOCl2 ( ),, Li Na (HNPA), LiC32(HNPA) NaC27(HNPA), 0 762nm 2 ( ) a (1~9) 1 ( ),, ( ) b, c [(NH4) 2S2O8] ( ), (10 90)~(40 60) 66 Bé, 1 856g/cm 3 10~60min, d,,,,,, (4) ( ),, 800~1000, 100(20~500mL/g),,,,, π,,, ( ), C C, C,,, 1 6 9 a 16~200 70%~99% b ( ), ( 30min) ( ), 9 1

172 6 9 c, SO2 SO3,, ph d, 150 ( ) 2 6 10,,,,,,,, 6 10 (5),,, 6 11, 6 11 1 2, (6), :, (CF) n ;, (C2F) n,,,, : ( 500 );, ( ), 27~344, 0 10~0 13;,(CF) n 3 10 3 Ω/cm

6 173 ;,,,, 1 350~600,, 2 (LiF MgF2 AlF3 CuF2), 300,, 99 4%, 98% 3, ( ),, 320~600, 6 12 1 10,,0 5~1h 6 12 4,,,,, 10%, 1%, ( -20 ), 8V, 5A/cm 2 5mm,, 2mm 3mm,,, 6 2 6 2 1,, sp 3,,,,, (6 13),,,,,,, ( 10), 6 13

174 6 11 ( ), Ⅰ Ⅱ, Ⅰa ⅠbⅡa Ⅱb Ⅰ,Ⅱ ( ) 6 11 C, Si Mg Al Ca Ti Fe, 0 001%~4 8%,C C C C, 4, 109 28,C 0 154nm, 0 356nm 10, 98654 9MPa(10060kg/mm 2 ), 3520kg/m 3, 3470~3560kg/m 3,,,, 2 40~2 48 2 417, 2 402, 2 427, 2 465,,,X,, 138 16W/(m K) Ⅱa, 25, 5,200 3-106 399 84J/(kg K),107 472 27J/ (kg K),247 1266 93J/(kg K),, -38 8 0,0 5 6 10-7,30 9 97 10-7,50 12 86 10-7 720~800, 850~1000, 2000~3000 15 16~16 5 0 211 10-12 ~0 309 10-11 S/m, Ⅱb,p, 80 ~120, ; HF HCl HNO3, NaCO3 NaNO3 KNO3, K2Cr2O7 H2SO4,

6 175 : ; 6 2 2 (1), 1,,,,,,, 2 Ⅰ, Ⅱ, 6 12 6 12 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Ⅱa ;Ⅱb ( ) (2) (JC220 79) (6 13) 6 13 ( JC220 79) /( /), ; > 6 00,6 00 ~ 3 01, ; ; 3 00~1 00,, 1 2; ; ;, > 3 00,3 00 ~ 1 00, 1/4; 2~3 1 00~0 51,0 50~0 1 0 5mm,, 3/4,

176 /( /) 0 1~0 15,0 16~0 20,, 0 21~ 0 30,0 31 ~ 0 40, ; ; 0 41~ 0 55,0 56 ~ 0 70, 1 4mm; ; ;0 2 / 0 71~ 0 85,0 86 ~ 1 00, 0 5mm 1 01~1 25 ; ; 0 1~0 15,0 16~0 20, 1 4mm, 0 21~ 0 30,0 31 ~ 0 40, 2 0mm( 0 2 /);, 0 41~ 0 55,0 56 ~ 0 70, 1/4;, 0 71~ 0 85,0 86 ~ 1 00, 3/4, 1 01~1 25, 0 70~0 85,0 86~1 00, ; 4mm; 1 01~ 1 25,1 26 ~ 1 50, ; ;, 1 51~2 00,2 01~3 00 0 5mm, ; 0 10~0 20,0 21~0 30, ; ;, 0 31~0 40,0 41~0 55 0 3mm, ; ; ;, 0 1~0 20,0 21~0 30, ; 1~3,4~10,11~20,21~ ; ;, 30,31~40,41~60,61~80, 81~100, 1~3,4~10,11~20,21~ ; 30,31~40,41~60,61~80, ( );, 81~100 0 30~0 45,0 46~0 60, ; ; 0 61~ 0 80,0 81 ~ 1 00, ;, 0 5mm 1 01~ 1 25,1 26 ~ 1 50, 1 51~2 00,2 01~3 00 0 30~0 45,0 46~0 60, 5 ; 0 61~ 0 80,0 81 ~ 1 00, ; ;, 1 01~ 1 25,1 26 ~ 1 50, 1 51~2 00,2 01~3 00 0 30~0 45,0 46~0 60,, ; ; 0 61~ 0 80,0 81 ~ 1 00, ( );, 1 01~ 1 25,1 26 ~ 1 50, 1 51~2 00,2 01~3 00 :1 =0 2g, ; 10~20,21~30,31~40, ; ;, 41~60,61~80,81~100, ; ( ); ;, 1~5,5~10,11~15 ; 20~40,41~70,

6 177 6 2 3, 6 14 6 14 /mm, ;, 30~0 5 98%~99%;, ;, (97% ~100%), 30~0 5 (2%~5%); (50~100t/h); (10~15t/h), 100%;, 80~90t/h; 40~0 3 ; ( ), 100%; X, ; 30~0 2, 90% ~98%; (0 5% ); 20~0 5 ; ; ;, ; 2~0 2 3~0 2 90%, ; 3~0 2 ; ;, 0 02~0 03mm;, >0 02, ( ), ;NaOH [ NaOH=1 (3~10)], 1~0 2 (0 2%~0 3%), (90% ~95%); : ; 0 5~0 2 ph=7~9, 95%, 95% ; :MnCl2 Mn(NO3) 2 0 5~0 2, <10, >1

178,6 14, X :, ;,,,, X ; ; 1mm

7 1 7 1 1 (fluorite), CaF2, 48 67%,51 33%,, ; ;,,,, ;, 4; {111} ; 3 18g/cm 3,,,1360, ; 7 1 2 (1), 7 1 7 1,, ( ),,,,,,, (2) (YB/T5217 2005) ( FC) ( FL) ( FF) ; 7 2~7 4; 7 5 7 2 (YB/T5217 2005) /% CaF2 SiO2 CaCO3 S P As FC 98 98 0 0 6 0 7 0 05 0 05 0 0005 0 1 FC 97A 97 0 0 8 1 0 0 05 0 05 0 0005 0 1

180 /% CaF2 SiO2 CaCO3 S P As FC 97B 97 0 1 0 1 2 0 05 0 05 0 0005 0 1 FC 97C 97 0 1 2 1 2 0 05 0 05 0 0005 0 1 FC 95 95 0 1 4 1 5 FC 93 93 0 2 0 7 3 (YB/T5217 2005) /% CaF2 SiO2 S P As FL 98 98 0 1 5 0 05 0 03 0 0005 FL 97 97 0 2 5 0 08 0 05 0 0005 FL 95 95 0 4 5 0 10 0 06 FL 90 90 0 9 3 0 10 0 06 FL 85 85 0 14 3 0 15 0 06 FL 80 80 0 18 5 0 20 0 08 FL 75 75 0 23 0 0 20 0 08 FL 70 70 0 28 0 0 25 0 08 FL 65 65 0 32 0 0 30 0 08 7 4 (YB/T5217 2005) /% CaF2 Fe2O3 /% CaF2 Fe2O3 FF 98 98 0 0 2 FF 80 80 0 0 3 FF 97 97 0 0 2 FF 75 75 0 0 3 FF 95 95 0 0 2 FF 70 70 0 FF 90 90 0 0 2 FF 65 65 0 FF 85 85 0 0 3 7 5 (YB/T5217 2005) (FC) (FL) (FF) 0 154mm 6~200mm <6mm, 80% 5%;>200mm, 10% 250mm 0~6mm :,, 7 1 3 (1),,,,,, ph 8~10,,,,

7 181,,,,, +, + ( ), +,,,,,,, : 60~80 ; ; ph 9 5 ; 3 ; ; ; (2),,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,, ( ) ( ),, 7 1 : ( 98% ), 1 (1 2~1 3), (280±10), 100~110, 35~40, 20~23, (-8±1),, 30~40, (19 6±0 5), 7 1,,,

182, 3% 10%,,,,,, 90 Ni Cu Ni Cr Mo ; 60%,, 7 2 7 2 1 (rutile), TiO2, Ti60%,O 40%,, {001},, 6, 4 2~4 3g/cm 3,, (ilmenite), FeTiO3 TiO2 52 7%,FeO 47 3% MgMn,,,, 5~6, 4 72g/cm 3,, 7 2 2 (1) 7 6 7 6 ( ),,, ;, ; (2) (YB839 87) ( ), 7 7 TiO2 7 7 /% P S Fe2O3 93 0 0 02 0 02 0 5 90 0 0 03 0 03 0 8 87 0 0 04 0 04 1 0 85 0 0 05 0 05 1 2

7 183 1%, 0 18mm 0 25mm 7 8 7 8 (YB839 87) /% TiO2 P S CaO+MgO Fe2O3 52 0 030 0 5 1 50 0 025 0 5 50 0 030 0 5 49 0 040 0 6 49 0 050 0 6 48 0 070 1 0 50 0 020 10 2 50 0 020 13 49 0 020 10 49 0 025 13 1 TiO2>57%,CaO+MgO<0 6,P<0 045 2 TiO2>52%,Fe2O3<10%,P<0 025 7 2 3 (1), 1, 4g/cm 3,,, 3g/cm 3 2,,, 3, 4 : 7 2, 7 2

184,, 7 3, 7 3 (2),, 3 9~4 2g/cm 3, 2 71, 16~18g/100g, 0 2~0 3μm 3 7~4 1g/cm 3, 2 55, 18~30g/100g, 0 18~0 3μm 1923 1925 1955 1 7 4,,,, 1t,1 75tTiO255%, 4 13t, 111 5m 3,567 5kW h, 426 8m 3,, 2 7 5 900~1000, TiCl4,, TiCl4,, 1300,,,,,, (3),,

7 185 7 4 7 5 (850~900, 60min), 20%~25%,, 1 2,2 5~3h ( ),,,800~900, TiO293%~96%, 7 6 7 6

186 7 3 7 3 1 (phosphorusore) 120, [Ca5(PO4) 3 (OH,F)],, 7 9 7 9 P2O5 /% Ca5[PO4] 3F 42 24 Ca5[PO4] 3Cl 40 91 Ca5[PO4] 3 (OH) 42 41 Ca10[PO4] 6 (CO3) 41 35 Ca5[PO4,CO3] 3F 41 87 Ca5[PO4,CO3] 3 (OH) 42 04 F - OH - Cl - CO3 - O -,, 7 10 7 10 P2O5 CaO SiO2 Fe2O3 N2O F K2O H2O /% 40 36 52 74 0 48 0 32 0 13 2 66 0 09 0 48 7 3 2, 7 11 7 11 (P4) (P4) ( ) B1 ( )

7 187 ( ) ( ),,,,,,7 12~7 14 7 12 (HG/T2673 1995) Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ (P2O5) /% 34 0 32 0 30 0 28 0 24 0 (MgO)/ (P2O5)/% 2 5 3 5 5 0 10 0 (R2O3)/ (P2O5)/% 8 5 10 0 12 0 15 0 (CO2) /% 3 0 4 0 5 0 7 0 :1, 1% 2 3 (MgO)/(P2O5)(R2O3)/(P2O5),, (MgO)/(P2O5) 0 4%; (R2O3)/(P2O5) 0 6% 4 P2O5 26 0% 5 7 13 ( ) (HG/T2674 1995) Ⅰ (P2O5) /% 30 0 28 0 26 0 24 0 (SiO2)/ (CaO) /% - - 0 2 0 4 (R2O3) /% (CO2) /% 6 0 /mm 5~50( 5mm 5%) Ⅱ 7 14 (HG/T2675 1995) (P2O5) /% 28 0 24 0 20 0 (MgO) /% 1 0 (R2O3) /% 4 0 8 0 /mm 15~100( 15mm 5%) (1) (2) (%) 19 0 18 0 17 0, (%) 3 0 5 0 7 0 (3)

188 7 3 3 (1) 1, () (),, 7 15 7 15,,,,,,,,, ;, ph,,,,,,,,,, ( ), 2 a, b, c d, e ( )

7 189 (2) 7 7 1250~1300, P2O5 12%~14% 7 7 ( ), : 2Ca5[PO4] 3F+7H2SO 4 3Ca(H2PO4) 2+7CaSO4+2HF P2O5 14%~20% ( ), P2O5 40%~50% ( ), ( ), Na2SiF6, 1500, : Ca3(PO4) 2+3SiO2 +5C 3CaSiO3+2P+5CO CO, 280 P2O5 28% 99 95%, 10t, 1 8t, 1500kW h 1t 8t, ; 150kg, ; 150kg, :,, CaSO4 ;, 50%, 7 4 7 4 1, (boronminerals)100

190, : ( ) (2CaO B2O3 2SiO2 H2O) [CaB2(SiO4) 2 ]; [Na2O (Fe,Mg)O 10Al2O3 18SiO2 4B2O3 5H2O] [Ca(Mn,Fe)Al2BSi4O15(OH)],,, 7 16 7 16 B2O3 /% /(g/cm 3 ) Mg2[B2O4(OH)](OH) 41 38 2 62~ 2 75 3~4 (Mg,Fe) 2Fe[BO3]O2 17 83, 3 6~ 4 7 5 5~ 6 Mg2[BO3] 4 36 54 3 03~ 3 10 6 5 H3[BO3] 56 40 1 46~ 1 52 1 0 Na2(H2O) 3 [B2B2O6(OH) 2 ] 51 02 1 90 2 5 NaCa(H2O) 6 [B3B2O7(OH) 4 ] 42 95 1 65~ 1 95 2 5 Ca(H2O)[B2BO4(OH) 3 ] 50 81 2 41~ 2 44 4 5~ 5 Ca2(H2O)[B4BO7(OH) 5 ] 48 44 2 26~ 2 48 3 0~ 3 5 CaMg(H2O) 3 [B2BO4(OH) 4 ] 50 53 1 90~ 2 17 2 Mn3[B3B4O12]OCl 50 36, 3 49 7 Na2(OH) 8 [B4O5(OH) 4 ] 36 51 1 69~ 1 72 2 0~ 2 5 Mg2[B2O5] 46 34 2 91~ 2 93 5 9 Mg[B2O(OH) 6 ] 42 46 2 3 3 5,, 7 4 2 (1),, 7 17

7 191 (2),, 7 18, 7 19, 7 20 7 17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7 18 (ZBD51006 89) 1 2 Ⅰ 1 Ⅰ 2 Ⅱ 1 Ⅱ 2 Ⅲ 1 Ⅲ 2 (B2O3)/% 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 (Fe2O3 )/% 15 (CaO )/% 8 (MgO )/% 45 /mm < 400(300~400mm 15%, 20mm 15%) 7 19 (GB537 84) 1 2 (Na2B4O7 10H2O)/% 99 5 95 0 (Na2CO3)/% 0 20 0 30 /% 0 04 0 04 (Na2SO4)/% 0 20 0 20 (NaCl)/% 0 05 0 05 (Fe)/% 0 002 0 002 7 20 (GB538 82) Ⅰ Ⅱ (H3BO3)/% > 99 5 96 5 /% < 0 05 0 15 (SO4)/% < 0 10 0 40 (Cl)/% < 0 01 0 05 (Fe)/% < 0 003 0 005

192 7 4 3 (1), B2O3,,,,, 1, 7 21 7 21, -200 70%~90%,, 30~40, -320 90%, 30~40 900, ( ),, ;,,,, (5900A/m), 2, 7 22 7 22 : : : : : : (2),,,

7 193, 7 8, 7 8, ;, : Mg2B2O5 H2O+2H2SO 4 2H3BO3+2MgSO4, ( ),,, CO2 ph, : Mg2B2O5+2NaOH+H2 O 2NaBO2+2Mg(OH) 2 4NaBO2+CO2+10H2 O Na2B4O5(OH) 4 8H2O+Na2CO3 350~400 7 5 7 5 1 (sylvine) 100,, 10 7 23 7 24 7 23 K2O /% KCl 63 1 KCl MgCl2 6H2O 17 0 KCl MgSO4 3H2O 18 9 K2SO4 MgSO4 2CaSO4 2H2O 15 5 KAl3(SO4) 2 (OH) 6 11 4 K2SO4 2MgSO4 22 6 K2SO4 MgSO4 4H2O 25 5 K2SO4 CaSO4 H2O 28 8 K2SO4 MgSO4 6H2O 23 3 K2O Al2O3 4SiO2 21 4 K2O Al2O3 6SiO2 16 8 (K,Na) 2O (Mg,Fe,Ca)O(Fe,Al) 2O3 xsio2 yh2o 2 3~8 6 (K,Na) 2O Al2O3 2SiO2 0 8~7 1

194 7 24 /(g/cm 3 ),,,,, 1 5~2 01 97~1 99,,,, 2~3 1 60,,,,, 2 5~3 0 2 15,,,,, 3~4 2 80, 3 5 2 77, 1, 2, 7 5 2 3, 3g/cm 3, 4, 4 5,,, ( ),, 7 25, 7 5 3 (1) ( ) 7 26, (2),,

7 195 7 25 (GB549 86) ( )/% 98 0 96 0 93 0 93 0 96 0 93 0 90 0 /% 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 ( )/% 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 4 ( )/% 1 2 2 0 3 0 3 0 ( )/% 0 1 0 3 0 5 0 5 ( )/% 0 05 0 2 0 3 0 3 ( )/% 0 25 0 75 1 25 1 25 7 26 ( ),, ( 1 97~1 99g/cm 3 ) ( 2 13g/cm 3 ),,, 300~700, 100~ 200,,,,, : NaCl ( ) KCl ( ), KCl,,, : 1 450 ; 2 900, ; 3 NaCl, 7 6 7 6 1 (brucite), Mg(OH) 2, OH - (0001), Mg 2+ (0001),Mg OH -, 2OH - + Mg 2+, OH - Mg C ( 7 9) Mg 2+ 6OH -, OH - 3 Mg 2+

196, 3OH -,,Mg OH -, OH OH, :Mg OH=0 210nm,OH OH=0 3218nm,,(0001) X : d(001)=4 77 d(101)=2 36 d(102)=1 79 400~500, : MgO 69 12% H2O30 88%, 21 49%, 47 41%, 25 65% Fe Mn Zn Ni,,, (FeO10%) (MnO 18%) (ZnO4%) (NiO2 5%) 7 9 7 6 2,, (1) Mg(OH) 2,,, (2), (3),,,,, (4), (5), ( ), 40~60mm,,,,,, (6) ; ; (JC/T983 2005),

7 197 ( SK) ( SF) 7 27 7 27 (JC/T983 2005) MgO 64 00 60 00 55 00 64 00 60 00 55 00 SiO2 3 50 5 00 7 00 3 50 5 00 7 00 /% Fe2O3 0 5 1 0 1 5 0 5 1 0 1 5 /% 3 0 1 0 1 5 90 0 85 0 75 0, /% 97 0 7 28 Huber Zerogen 7 28 Zerogen Zerogen 10 15 30 35 50 /(g/cm 3 ) 2 38 2 38 2 38 2 38 2 36 / μ m 2 5 2 5 1 0 1 0 0 7 (BET)/(m 2 /g) 7~8 7~8 9~10 9~10 6~7 (105,2h)/% <0 6 <0 6 <0 8 <0 8 <0 1 /(g/cm 3 ) 0 65 0 55 0 57 0 49 0 40 (320 )/% 2 2 2 2 2 Mg(OH) 2 /% 97 97 97 97 99 6 (Ca, )/% 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 08 (Cl, )/% 0 22 0 22 0 22 0 22 0 05 (Fe, )/% 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 005 7 6 3 [Mg(OH) 2 ],,,,, (1), :1, ; 2 (, 320, 220 ), ( );3,,,,,, ;,,, : 1 2, 200~400 3,

198 ( )0 6~2 5μm 1 5μm, 4, (2) : ( ) (+H2O ) (CO2 ) ( ) : 5mm, 650~700, 1h ; 60~200 : 70 : 30, 3%, 60min 90 :2 5t 1t

8 1 8 1 1 (maifanmineral) (medicalstone),, Ca Mg Si Al Fe K Na,,, Al2O3 15%,, (OH - ) ph,(h + ) ph,, K Na Ca Mg P Si Fe Zn Cu Mo Se Mn Sr Ni V Co Li Cr I Ge Ti 8 1 2, 8 1 8 1 ; ; ;,,,, ;, ; 8 2 8 2 As Ba Cu Mn Se Cr /(mg/l) <0 05 <1 0 <1 0 <0 05 <0 01 0 05 Hg Pb Cd La Ce Sc /(mg/l) <0 01 <0 1 <0 08 <0 005 <0 02 <0 0001

200 8 1 3,,, ;,, ; ; 8 2 8 2 1 (basalt), (diabase), 8 3 :SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O Na2O TiO2 8 3,,,,,,,,, 8 2 2, 8 4, 8 4,( ),,,,, 8 5 (%):SiO247~49,Al2O3 +TiO216~21,Fe2O3+FeO14~17,CaO8~11, MgO6~8,K2O+Na2O2~4

45~51 46~49 <10 8 5 8 201 /% SiO2 Al2O3+TiO2 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O+Na2O SO3 CaF2 Cr2O3 15~20 6~12 12~17 8~12 9~11 5~12 >30 4~7 18~25 >18 <3 0 13~0 2 >85 >10~20 8 6,, MK[MK=(SiO2+Al2O3)/(CaO+MgO)] 1~1 5, Mb[Mb= (msio2 +2Al2O3)/(2mFe2O3 +mfeo+mcao+ mmgo+mk2o+mna2o)]>1 2~2, m 8 6 /% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO K2O+Na2O 40~50 30~35 10~17 11~17 9~14 6~14 18~22 2~4 5 8 2 3 (1) 1400~1500,,,,,, ;, 8 1 1, 2t/m 3 20~40mm,,,, 13 5%~15%; 72, 10, 1 9, 4%, 0 81% ~1 0%, 0 45t/m 3, 50~ 100mm, 40mm : =40 5 22 19, 2, 1400~1600, 400~500 Fe2O3,,,, 30 ~35, 3, 2500r/min 3460r/min 4650r/min5200r/min

202 8 1, 35, 40 30~40, 60~80,, 4 0 5~5m/min,,,,,,,,, ;, 5, 6, 25~150mm, 0 5~5m/min, 200~250, 0 5~1 0m/s 7,,

8 203 8, 1450r/min,, (2),,, 8 2, ;,, 8 2, :1, ;2, : 1400~1550 ( 1350~1450 ); 1280~1350 ; 850~950 ; 720~850, 80% ~90%,,, ;,, ; 0 05~0 1mm,, 8 3 8 3 1 (pumice),,, 1g/cm 3,, (pumicestone), 4mm;, 4mm;, ;,SiO2 45%~75%,Al2O39%~20%,Fe2O3+FeO8%~23%,

204 8 7 /(g/cm 3 ) /(kg/m 3 ) /(g/cm 3 ) /% /% /MPa /% /[W/(m K)] 8 7 0 864~1 680 540~815 2 72~2 84 51 3~56 3 40 7~58 2 0 96~1 7 23 2~10 3 0 23~0 46 0 459~0 65 240~445 2 32~2 42 31 7~49 3 71 8~81 0 0 53~1 76 64 2~26 6 0 23~0 46 5~30mm,,, 20mm 0 5~2 5mm,1h (scoria),,,,,,, 8 8 8 8,,,,,,,,,,, 8 3 2 (1),,, 1 a ( ) b c d e 2 3

8 205 4 (2) 1 ( ) 1981 (GB2841 81) 5~10mm 10~ 20mm 20~30mm 30~40mm ; ( 4 0~3 1) ( 3 0~2 3) ( 2 2~1 5) a 8 9 8 9 dmin 1/2dmax dmax 2dmax ( )/% 90 40~60 10 0 90 0 10 0 b 8 10 /mm 10 0 5 0 0 630 0 160 8 10 ( )/% 0 0~10 50~80 >90 0 0~10 30~70 >80 0 0~5 15~60 >70 c 8 11, 0 15 8 11 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 /(kg/m 3 ) <300 310~ 400 410~ 500 510~ 600 610~ 700 710~ 800 810~ 900 910~ 1000 1010~ 1100 1100~ d 8 12 1200 8 12 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 /MPa 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 5 1 8 e 0 70 f,15 5%,5 10% g,, 5%;, 5% h, 10% i 2 5 15% j : (SO3 )<0 5%;(Cl - ) <0 02%; <3%; ( ),

206 a 700, b 0 13 2 GB2847 81, a : 10% b : 3% c d 28, 62% 3 4,,,,, 8 3 3,,,, 30~40mm, 30mm 20mm 5mm 5~10mm 10~20mm 20~30mm,,, 8 4 8 4 1 (bauxite) ( ),, Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 TiO2, 95%, CaO MgO K2O Na2O S MnO2, 8 13 8 13 Al2O3 /% /% /(g/cm 3 ) Al2O3 3H2O 65 4 34 6 2 5~3 2 43 Al2O3 H2O 85 15 3 5 3 Al2O3 H2O 85 15 6~7 3 3~3 5

8 207 8 4 2 (1) 1, 2,,, ( ),,,,,,, 3, 4 Al2O3>50% SiO2<10%, 40min, 10h, 5,, (2) 8 14 (YB/T5057 93) 8 15 (ZB052003 90), 12 9 7 8 14 Al2O3/SiO2 Al2O3/% 5 4 3 6 73 69 66 60 71 67 64 50 69 66 62 62 58 54 48 1 ; 2 Fe2O3, (Fe2O3 3%) (3% ~ 6%) (6% ~15%) (>15%) 3, (S < 0 30%) (0 30% ~0 80%) (>0 80%)

208 8 15 /% Al2O3 TiO2 Fe2O3 K2O+Na2O / >75 <1 6 <0 4 <0 6 <0 8 <0 17 <0 25 <0 25 1790 65~75 <1 6 <0 4 <0 6 <0 8 <0 17 <0 25 <0 25 1790 45~65 <1 6 <0 4 <0 6 <0 8 <0 17 <0 25 <0 25 1790 1750 1700 8 4 3 (1),,,, ; : 95% 200 ; 95% 325 ; 8 16 Al2O3 73% 325,TiO2 Fe2O3 2% 1% Al2O3 73%, 8 16 /% /% Al2O3 TiO2 Fe2O3 100 35 22 16 32 48 46 65 57 73 26 56 97 62 37 2 88 2 84 5 63 1 99 1 25 1 02 2 99 0 82 ( ) ( ) (2),, : Al2O3 3H2 O+2NaOH 2NaAlO2+4H2O Al2O3 H2 O+2NaOH 2NaAlO2+2H2O Al2O3 8 3 1 50% Al2O3,, 2

8 209 8 3 3 ( ) 4, 5 1100 Al2O3,α Al2O3 Al2O3,,,, (Al2O3/SiO2 7) Al2O3/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2 ( ) 1250, Al2O3 Na2CO3 (Na2O Fe2O3) (2CaO SiO2) (CaO TiO2), ;,, Al2O3 Na2O,, Fe2O3 H2O, CO2,,,,

210,, (3), 8 4 55%~60%, : Al2O3+3H2SO 4 Al2(SO4) 3+3H2O,,,,, 115,, :, ; (SiO2);, ;, ;, 8 4

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