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Abstracts Belt and Road Initiative Author LIU Zhongmin Ph. D. Professor Middle East Studies Institute Shanghai International Studies University 31 Economic Cooperation between China and the Middle East under the Belt and Road Initiative Abstract The Middle East is the hub for implementing China s Belt and Road Initiative. Economic development in the Middle East is over-reliance on oil exports which makes it possible for the malformations of its economic structure and vulnerability when suffering external impacts. Against such backdrops regional economy is in great need of diversified development. China could cooperate with the Middle East countries in areas including international trade the downstream petrochemical industry infrastructure scientific and technological cooperation commodity pricing financial market and so on. Many risks such as frequent geopolitical conflicts high credit risk uncertainty of sources of funds and high diplomatic risk are standing in the way of cooperation between China and the Middle East. In such a case China could mitigate the risk through multi-level financing methods such as strengthening risk warning improving post-loan management and highlighting the project characteristics. Key Words The Belt and Road Initiative Middle East Economic Cooperation Cooperation Risks Author ZHAO Yajing Postdoctoral Fellow China Export and Credit Insurance Corporation WANG Youxin Ph. D. Institute of International Finance Bank of China 44 Research on Tourism Cooperation between China and Arab Countries from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Abstract The cooperation between China and Arab countries in tourism industry is necessary for China s construction of Silk Road Economic Zone. The driving force of Sino-Arab tourism cooperation comes from the internal needs of Arab countries in developing its tourism industry and China s direct demands for deepening the economic and trade cooperation with Arab countries and the construction of Silk Road Economic Zone. At present the tourism cooperation between China and Arab countries is still in the launching period political instability in the Middle East inadequate cooperation mechanism between the two sides and the weak foundation of Islamic tourism industry in China are three main factors that restrict the development of Sino-Arab cooperation in tourism industry. In the future China and Arab countries should strengthen bilateral cooperation in areas including tourism market Islamic tourism related industry tourism information technology and personnel training and joint research. Key Words China Arab Countries Tourism Cooperation The Belt and Road Initiative Author CAO Xiaoxiao Ph. D. Lecturer Asian Languages and Cultures Zhejiang International Studies University 58 On the Relations between Western Countries and Hamas Abstract Hamas was active in the U. S. and Europe during its early period when U. S. and Europe played an important role in Hamas sources of funds. Owing to their support of Israel Hamas is strongly opposed to the Western countries especially to the U. S. Hamas was listed in the terrorist organizations by the U. S. and EU. Due to Hamas violent resistance against Israel and rejection of the Palestinian-Israeli Peace Process the U. S. and EU both cracked down and blockaded the organization and even denied the Hamas government. The Western policies on Hamas caused some negative effects. Among them one is to prompt the organization more radical another is getting hard on solving the Palestinian-Israeli Issue. In conclusion the improvement of the relationship between the two sides is hopeless in the 119