12 ca:\,; M/X]^* 5M( % +1,- ' V 6P 犜犪犫犾犲 1 犆犺犲犿犻犮犪犾狆狉狅狆犲狉狋犻犲狊狅犳狋犺犲狋犲狊狋犳犻犲犾犱 S /g kg 1 nitrogen S /g kg 1 phosphorus S /g kg 1 potassium / mg kg 1 Alka

Transcription

1 2014(12):46~51 HeilongjiangAgriculturalSciences 3 %CE>Z[ K CBY I, H ( )M, ) : (4 Z [, \,; M/X]^ HK * (5M( % 89: :N3P2K2(N326.25kg hm 2,P2O5138kg hm 2,K2O90kg hm 2 ) ;X]^9 U(A)^ c _ 9 ^ -, ^ c -. / N3P2K2 ; X ] ^ B, 61516kg hm 2 ` kg hm 2 ;,` M ( B 39.31%; a 69kg hm 2 ;,am ( B16.09%; b 45kg hm 2 ;,bm ( B64.67% N3P2K2;* (-, 80.17kg hm 2 mm 1 :\,; Z ;*( ;M( :S :A!" : (2014) C17, BN6"# U VDE,PL, <>Z[, >Z[ F "[F[B" [1], A[ C17"#FGLV S KJK, I * B\] #"FGB, C % L O $ L Q [ %C#>O,C c, C * FG& #$%&: ' : 6$'I*+,-(2012 N 164) <= (: \ (1984 ),,,,+ 236,78@AC $ B 2 3 E mail:yangzh 123@ 163.com N&C* N&C',< F "# =`B\]c 3 %C ( 3<B C"#', H ^ c( a"#@a KK [2],_ X MNBG C& [3],XK,1MNG N&B-: [4], A2 3J3 %C' E>Z[G C B Y,[A>Z[N& CM 1 1.1,-G 2013 c 66 F (1 46 犃狆狆犾犻犮犪狋犻狅狀犈犳犳犲犮狋狅犳犛犻犾犻犮狅狀犉犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉狅狀犚犻犮犲 犣犎犃犖犌犔犲犻, 犆犎犈犖犡狌犲 犾犻, 犆犎犃犖犌犅犲狀 犮犺犪狅, 犌犝犡狌犲 犼犻犪, 犔犐犠犲犻 狇狌狀, 犠犃犖犌犛犺狌犪狀犵, 犠犃犖犌犡犻犪狅 犼狌狀 (InstituteofSoilFertilizerandEnvironmentResource,HeilongjiangAcademyofAgricultural Sciences/KeyLaboratoryofSoilEnvironmentandPlantNutritionofHeilongjiangProvince, Harbin,Heilongjiang150086) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Inordertoexplorericespecialfertilizerformula,takingriceasexperimentalmaterials,theapplication efectofthesiliconfertilizerproducedbyinstituteofsoilfertilizerandenvironmentresource,heilongjianga cademyof AgriculturalSciences wasconductedonricein SanjiangInstituteexperimentfield.Theresults showedthattheapplicationofsiliconfertilizerpromotericematurestageinadvanceandincreasethecapability oflodgingresistance.theleafchlorophylcontentincreasedaftertheapplicationofsiliconfertilizer.according totheresultsthattheapplicationofsiliconfertilizerwasbetertotheaccumulationofassimilateandgrainfil ingandthedecreaseofblightedrateresultedinhighyield.compared withconventionalfertilizertreatment, yieldsofsiliconfertilizeriandsilicon Iincreased10.1%and14.5%,respectively. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :rice;siliconfertilizer;yield ( )=$. ;,_<=)

2 12 ca:\,; M/X]^* 5M( % +1,- ' V 6P 犜犪犫犾犲 1 犆犺犲犿犻犮犪犾狆狉狅狆犲狉狋犻犲狊狅犳狋犺犲狋犲狊狋犳犻犲犾犱 S /g kg 1 nitrogen S /g kg 1 phosphorus S /g kg 1 potassium / mg kg 1 Alkaline nitrogen c& / mg kg 1 Available phosphorus c& / mg kg 1 Available potassium I/ g kg 1 Organic mater S / g kg 1 salt ph )* >Z[ G F 3414 $,3 -( ),4-,4 =, 2 0%C,2 F << %C,1 2 %C B,3 2%C B 1.5 H( D %C), 15-,60-I,$2-E (I $KL, T LBPQ)%C 2 SF;A7200m 3 hm 2 20%C ( C % T,80% C C 3 % ( A 20%,<IA 30%,A 30%) C: 7 (N46%); 8(N12%,P 2O 546%); J (K 2O57%) +2,- 犜犪犫犾犲 2 犘狅狋犪狋狅犳犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犻狀犵狊犮犺犲犿犲 C /kg hm 2 Amountoffertilizer No. N P2O5 K2O 1(CK) N0P0K N0P2K N1P2K N2P0K N2P1K ( K%C) N2P2K N2P3K N2P2K N2P2K N2P2K N3P2K N1P1K N1P2K N2P1K &,9 28& I $27m 2, I 5R,R 0.9m, hm 2,69000 hm O7KLX-. >I N N, A < K [5] I c& c& S S S S > Z [ K & (WUE) [6] = G / ;C " % & =(%C G - %C G )/ %C ;C [7] = (% C B K-O%C B)/%C ExcelK ^ _ U V > A? 5 3 [,N 3P 2K 2 %CK %C [MN>Z[N L()[ N [=,X I[ N 3P 2K 2 K K%C(N 2 P 2K 2 ),NMNJ1.68%,L()[ MN J17.14%,I[ X J8.70%,N[=MN J14.75% 47

3 12 +3 ^_UV6P5 犜犪犫犾犲 3 犈犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犱犻犳犲狉犲狀狋犳犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉狅狀狆狅狋犪狋狅犪犵狉狅狀狅犿犻犮狋狉犪犻狋狊 N/cm Plantheight L()[ Numberofbig (middle)potatoes I[ Numberof smalpotatoes N[=/g Potatoweight perplant N0P0K0(CK) N0P2K N1P2K N2P0K N2P1K N2P2K2( K) N2P3K N2P2K N2P2K N2P2K N3P2K N1P1K N1P2K N2P1K ^_UV 5 1 [,E (N 0P 0K 0 )G 31478kg hm 2, ] ( C L K W B % C > Z [ G N % C(N 0P 0K 0 ) c N 3P 2K 2 G 1 M N, kg hm 2,K E G 30038kg hm 2, G 95.43%;K K % C(N 2P 2K 2 ) G kg hm 2, G 12.20% 1 %CE>Z[G BY Fig.1 Efectofdiferentfertilizersonpotatoyield 2.3 ^_UV " 5 "%&%C G& BV,% C "%& BN 4 [,>Z [ C"%& BLI N 2>N 3>N 1 ;>Z[ C"%& 3 C 7,LI P 2>P 3>P 1 ; C B B%WLY >Z[ C"%& LI K 1>K 2>K 3 48

4 12 ca:\,; M/X]^* 5M( % +4 ^_UV " 5 犜犪犫犾犲 4 犈犳犳犲犮狋狅犳犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犳犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉狅狀犖, 犘, 犓犪犵狉狅狀狅犿犻犮犲犳犳犻犮犻犲狀犮狔狅犳狆狅狋犪狋狅犲狊 G /kg hm 2 C /kg hm 2 "%& /kg kg 1 Yield Fertilizeramount Agronomiceficiency N0P2K / / N1P2K N2P2K N3P2K N2P0K / / N2P1K N2P2K N2P3K N2P2K / / N2P2K N2P2K N2P2K ^_UV "5 5 [, C BLI % kg hm 2 (N 2P 2K 2 ) C N, 39.31%;% 69kg hm 2 (N 2P 1K 2 ) CN, 16.09%,CC%B/ X`;%45kg hm 2 (N 2P 2K 1 ) CN, 64.67%,C C%B/ X` +5 ^_UV "5 犜犪犫犾犲 5 犜犺犲犲犳犳犲犮狋狊狅犳犱犻犳犳犲狉犲狀狋犳犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉狅狀犖, 犘, 犓狌狊犲犲犳犳犻犮犻犲狀犮狔狅犳狆狅狋犪狋狅 /kg hm 2 %/kg hm 2 C /% Nitrogenabsorption Nitrogenapplication Nitrogeneficiency N0P2K / N1P2K N2P2K N3P2K /kg hm 2 Phosphorinabsorption %/kg hm 2 Phosphaticapplication C /% Phosphaticeficiency N2P0K / N2P1K N2P2K N2P3K /kg hm 2 Potassiumabsorption %/kg hm 2 Potassiumapplication C /% Potassiumeficiency N2P2K / N2P2K N2P2K N2P2K

5 ^ _ U V " 5 6 U,N 3P 2K 2 K K ] _ M N,1 M J80.17kg hm 2 mm 1 K +6 "5 E (N 0P 0K 0 ), K MNJ96. 64%;K K%C(N 2P 2K 2 ), K M NJ15.67% 犜犪犫犾犲 6 犈犳犳犲犮狋狅犳犖, 犘, 犓犳犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉狅狀狑犪狋犲狉狌狊犲犲犳犻犮犻犲狀犮狔狅犳狆狅狋犪狋狅 G / kg hm 2 Soilwaterstorage E /mm /mm Beforesowing Harvest F;A XY /mm Rainfalof growthperiod /mm hm 2 Irrigation amount K / 1 kg hm 2 mm Wateruse eficiency N0P0K N0P2K N1P2K N2P0K N2P1K N2P2K N2P3K N2P2K N2P2K N2P2K N3P2K N1P1K N1P2K N2P1K c * 0= V C %MNB,I&MN>Z[BNG I K=`B G E >Z["BPQ,"Y G B <,WO [8] 23 U,3 B " _ X N < 2 3 ] c N 3P 2K 2 (N326.25kg hm 2,P 2O 5138kg hm 2, K 2O90kg hm 2 )%C >Z[N L() [ N[=]_MN,I[ ]_X FO [9] 23 ],3 %C>Z[G 37.31%~47.39% 23 %]J,N 3P 2K 2 G K E G30038kg hm 2, G 95.42%;K K%C G6690kg hm 2, G12.20% NI O [10] 2 3 b, E C B F H K R 30% ~ 35% 10%~20% 30%~50% 23 ]c 3,% kg hm 2 C N 39.31%;% 69kg hm 2 CN 16.09%;%45kg hm 2 C N 64.67%, % C B, C B / X B ` O O [11] 23],3 G % ~11.9%, K & M N 43.5% ~ 54.6% A23],N 3P 2K 2 K ]_ M N,1 M J80.17kg hm 2 mm 1 K E, K MNJ96.64% ], 3 c>z[ G MN C$B& `F]_B 3,@A >Z [ KKBW(,Ac 23 78: [1] ( [, \, B,O. 6Y>Z[N&%C 23[J]."#$%,2012,39(11): [2],.,,O.3 "#@A KE>Z[F BY [J]."#%,2004,20(2): [3] HartzTK,HochmuthGJ.Fertilitymanagementofdrip ir rigated vegetablesv[j].horticultural Technology,1996, 6(3): [4] N N, N, K,O.3 %CE$%1 G 50

6 12 ca:\,; M/X]^* 5M( % )BY [J].3C %,2011,17(4): [5] P.A " K [M]. : " #,2000:9 110, [6] <, >,^,O.3 %C' EF G C BY [J]."#%,2012,28(S1): [7] Q,. R, D.@ A K K &! B K[J].@AC,2000,31(4): [8] W,, b,o.3 ' E" G BY [J].V "#$',20,19: [9] F, /,ST?,O.3 %C' c>z[fgh B& 23[J]. >Z[,2009,23(6): [10] NI,U A.# C 3 ) % C M N C [J].3C %,1998,4(3): [11] O,,.,O. E K >!BY [J]." # %,2010,26(8): 犈犳犲犮狋狅狀犠犪狋犲狉犝狊犲犈犳犻犮犻犲狀犮狔犪狀犱犉犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉犝狋犻犾犻狕犪狋犻狅狀犚犪狋犲狅犳犘狅狋犪狋狅狅犳犇犻犳犲狉犲狀狋犉犲狉狋犻犾犻狕犲狉犜狉犲犪狋犿犲狀狋狊犝狀犱犲狉犇狉犻狆犐狉狉犻犵犪狋犻狅狀 犣犎犃犖犌犢犪狀犵, 犣犎犃犖犌犚狅狀犵 (SoilandFertilizerInstitute,QinghaiAcademyofAgriculturalForestrySciences,Xining, Qinghai810016) 殏 殏 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 :Inordertoexploreanew wayofagriculturaldevelopmentinaridarea,theefectofdiferentfertilizer treatmentsonpotatoyield,yieldcomponents,wateruseeficiency,andfertilizerutilizationrateunderdrip irri gationwasresearched.theresultsshowedthatplantheight,numberofbig(middle)potatoandpotatoweight perplantincreasedsignificantlyandthe numberofsmalpotato decreased obviously under N3 P2 K2 (N kg hm 2,P2O5138kg hm 2,K2O90kg hm 2 )treatment.potatoyieldreachedthehighestlevelunder N3P2K2treatmentwhichwas61516kg hm 2.ApplicationNof217.50kg hm 2 wasthehighestutilizationrate ofnitrogenwhichwas39.31%.applicationpof69kg hm 2 wasthehighestutilizationrateofphosphatewhich was16.09%.applicationkof45kg hm 2 wasthehighestutilizationrateofpotashfor64.67%.wateruseef ficiencywasobviouslyimprovedundern3p2k2treatmentandreached80.17kg hm 2 mm 2. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :drip irrigation;aridregion;waterusee ficiency; fertilizerutilizationrate 檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪檪殏 V "#$%& " "$&H2V & /2 V "#$%&97W23 X F "#$%& <23 0 "#$%&F K& & b "#$%& K& & _ "#$%&K& & D "#Z#%& & Y "#I R " + % V > #I #I _ "#Z#' %& +&!"# #I -8 5 V F $'Z#%& & "# 6 F " $2; $2 Z [ "#Z#' %& & Z#%& & /S \] "#$%23 ^ _"#' 23 F 6 Z&`23 "#$%23 6 PP #I " $%&23 " L%"%& & F "#' PP"# %J J < 殏 51