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1 微藻能源的研究进展 Advances in the research of Microalgae Bioenergy 张英伟 1 2, 刘炜 (1., ; 2., ) : TK6 : A : (2012) ,,,,, [1],,,, [2] 1 能源微藻的优势与问题 [3], [4,5], [2],, hm 2, 1/3, [6] CO 2 N P ( ),, 3 5 d,, [6] 15%~20%, 80% [7], 1 [8] [10], 1, 1 hm L, 1 hm L, 1 hm L, 1 hm L, 1 hm L [9] 7 000,, /a,, 1, CO 2 40% [11] CO 2, ~ t, 1 t 2.5 t,, [12], CO 2, CO 2, (1 t 2 t CO 2 ),, (Clean development mechanism, CDM) ( 1 t, 表 1 各种生物原料油脂含量的比较 (L/(hm a)) ~ : ; : : (KGCXZ-YW-801); ( ) : (1971-),,,, : , [email protected];,, : , [email protected] 132 / 2012 / 36 / 1

2 , 3 t, 6 tco 2 ), CO 2 [13],,,, [13], : ; ; ; ;, 2 微藻的种类,, [14-15], , [16],, (University of Coimbra) ; (Goettingen University) 77%, 8% ; NIES [2] 3 高脂微藻的筛选,, : [17] 1978, 3 000, 300 [18],, 2 [2] 2, 75%,, (Botryococcus braunii);, (Chlorella), (Crypthecodinium), (Cylindrotheca), (Dunaliella), (Isochrysis), (Nannochloris), (Nannochloropsis), (Neochloris), (Nitzschia), (Phaeodactylum), (Porphyridium), (Tetraselmis), 20% 50%,, [2] Thomas [19] 7,, 7 C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 ;, (Ankistrodesmus sp.) C16:4 C18:4, (Isochrysis sp.) C18:4 C22:6, (Nannochloris sp.) C16:2 C16:3 C20: 5,, [20],, [21] 30, [22] Dunstan [23] 14, :14:0 16:0 16:1 20:5(EPA), 22:6(DHA) 4% [24],,,, 4 环境因子对微藻脂类积累的影响 Rao [25] [26], 2 Pyramidomonas sp. Chlorophyeeae L-4,, Marine Sciences / Vol. 36, No. 1 /

3 表 2 不同种类微藻的油脂含量及产率 (%, ) (mg/(l d)) (g/(l d)) (g/(m 2 d)) (Ankistrodesmus sp.) (Botryococcus braunii) (Chaetoceros muelleri) (Chaetoceros calcitrans) / (Chlorella emersonii) (Chlorella protothecoides) (Chlorella sorokiniana) Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorella sp.) /25 (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) /130 (Chlorella) (Chlorococcum sp.) (Crypthecodinium cohnii) (Dunaliella salina) /20 38 (Dunaliella primolecta) (Dunaliella tertiolecta) (Dunaliella sp.) (Ellipsoidion sp.) (Euglena gracilis) (Haematococcus pluvialis) (Isochrysis galbana) (Isochrysis sp.) (Monodus subterraneus) (Monallanthus salina) (Nannochloris sp.) (Nannochloropsis oculata) (Nannochloropsis sp.) (Neochloris oleoabundans) (Nitzschia sp.) ~ (Oocystis pusilla) Pavlova salina (Pavlova lutheri) (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) (Porphyridium cruentum) / (Scenedesmus obliquus) (Scenedesmus quadricauda) (Scenedesmus sp.) (Skeletonema sp.) (Skeletonema costatum) (Spirulina platensis) /24 51 (Spirulina maxima) (Thalassiosira pseudonana) (Tetraselmis suecica) (Tetraselmis sp.) / 2012 / 36 / 1

4 [27] 40, 100, 40,, [28] [29],,, ; 20 Zhu [30] 30 15, Isochrysis galbana (DHA) 18:3(n-3),, Spoehr Milner [31], Chtorella Pyrenoidosa, ( ) Liliana [32],, Nannochloropsis sp. F&M-M24, 60%, 20% Thomas [19], C18:1, (B. braunii) C20:5 Melinda [33], 24% 41% [34] Fe 3+, 56.6%, 3 7 ;, CO Liliana [32], Nannochloropsis sp. F&M-M24 (14:0 16:0) (16:1n7 18:1n9) Chiu [35] 2%CO 2, CO 2 5 工程微藻研究进展,,,,,,, ( 1), A 1 [36] 5.1 乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶研究进展 A (acetyl-coa carboxylase, ACC, EC ), [37], A(acetyl-CoA) A(malonyl-CoA), [38], ACC Wakil [39],, ACC [40] ACC,,, [41], ACC, [42] 1993, Cronan ACC acca accd, [43-44] Davis [45] ACC tesa, Marine Sciences / Vol. 36, No. 1 /

5 6 (6.6 nmol), ACC,, 0.08 nmol Lu [46] ACC,,, 5 L 35 h, 2.5 g/l ACC,, ACC [47], ACC, [48] (NREL) 1995 A (ACCase), 60%, 40%, [49] Dunahay [50] ACCase C. cryptica N. saprophila, 5.2 硫脂酶基因研究进展 (thioesterase, EC: 3.1.2),, -CoA -ACP CoASH ACP, [51], [52],, [53] Voelker [51] β- Umbellularia californica - (AtFatA), 4 Liu [54] tesa (U. californica C. hookeriana C. camphorum) TE,, 133 ±12 mg day/l, 50% 6 展望,,,, (EPA) (ARA) (DHA) [55] ; (Haematococcus pluvialis) [56],,,,,,,,, : [1] Chisti Y. Biodiesel from microalgae[j]. Biotechnology Advances, 2007, 25(3): [2] Mata T, Martins A, Caetano N. Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review[j]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010, 14(1): [3] Canakci M H. Sanli.Biodiesel production from various feedstocks and their effects on the fuel properties[j]. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008, 35(5): [4] Scarlat N, Dallem J F, Pinilla F G. Impact on agricultural land resources of biofuels production and use in the European Union[C] //Bioenergy: challenges and opportunities. International conference and exhibition on bioenergy, [5] E and RF. Gallagher Review of the indirect effects of biofuels production[c]. Renewable Fuels Agency, [6]. [J]., 2010, 17(1): [7] Metting F. Biodiversity and application of microalgae[j]. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1996, 17(5): [8] National algal biofuels technology roadmap[r]. U.S. department of energy, [9]. : [J]., 2009, 5: [10]. [J]., [11] Miyamoto K. Renewable biological systems for alternative sustainable energy production (FAO 136 / 2012 / 36 / 1

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148 ISSN CN /Q Chin J Biotech January 25, 2007 Vol.24 No.1 content and yield was 6.23% and mg/l during mixotrophic culture with 1

148 ISSN CN /Q Chin J Biotech January 25, 2007 Vol.24 No.1 content and yield was 6.23% and mg/l during mixotrophic culture with 1 生物工程学报 Chin J Biotech 2008, January 25; 24(1): 147-152 journals.im.ac.cn Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ISSN 1000-3061 [email protected] 2008 Institute of Microbiology, CAS & CSM, All rights reserved. 研究简报