8 364 " ' 1 R $, (4): ()* 犙狏 = 犆犻 ( 犜 b- 犜 0)= 狀犻犮狏犻 Δ 犜 (4) 1 Z[\]^ _ 1.1 IZ[\]^ `a " ' 5 1 W 2 : + A 8 H 1 W 2 >? [7], (1) (2): 狆 H=15.58( φ e ω) ρ2

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1 犆犺犻狀犲狊犲犑狅狌狉狀犪犾狅犳犈狓狆犾狅狊犻狏犲狊牔犘狉狅狆犲犾犪狀狋狊 7 I 89&!" 1,#$% 2,&' 1, 1, 1,( ) 1,* + 1 (1.a Pa, ;2. C "#, )! ":! 5 ' 1 C R $, C % Y5 $ #,' ; 1' 456:E T $R, E 1 Y ; +E 15μm +&1 K, D 1 %&, 1D > & J ' T 150μm :,H 3, *Y 1 C) "N B ' 234,Y5, E 564R, " 1 W_`, Y51 Y %%, & Y51G ` C #$%: 5 ; ; C;R $ &' :TJ55;O69 ():A *+ : (2013) 犚犲狊狆狅狀狊犲犃狀犪犾狔狊犻狊狅犳犃犾狌犿犻狀狌犿犻狀狋犺犲犘狉狅犮犲狊狅犳犜犺犲狉犿狅犫犪狉犻犮犈狓狆犾狅狊犻狏犲犇犲狋狅狀犪狋犻狅狀 PEIMing jing 1,TIANZhao yang 2,HU Hua quan 1,CHENLi qiang 1,ZHANGJing sen 1,YU Qin 1,LIU Yu 1 (1.NorthwestInstituteofNuclearTechnology,Xi an710024,china; 2.ZhengzhouOrioleElectronicGroupJoint stockco.ltd,zhengzhou450006,china) 犃犫狊狋狉犪犮狋 : Thethermalresponse,modalitychangeandreactiontimeofaluminum duringthermobaricexplosive detonationandfirebalexpandingwereanalyzed.theresultsindicatethatthedetonationpressurecompressesthe aluminumpowderandmakesitsexterioroxidationcrackquickly;thedetonationtemperatureishighenoughtomake thealuminumflakesunder15μm meltcompletely,faltosmalpiecesandevenboilofsubsequentlyinseveral microseconds.intheperiodofdetonationproductionexpanding,aluminumpowderwithparticlesizeof150μmcan obtaincaloriccontinuouslytomelt,peelof,faltopieces,andreachtheburningtemperatureandfinalyburn.the characteristicofaluminumthatreactedrapidlyhelpstoenhancetheshock waveandimprovethefirebaltempera ture.itisalsobeneficialtoengenderthesecondpressurewave,andincreasethestructuredamageonthetarget. Nevertheless,itdecreasesthevolume,distributingareaanddurationofthefirebal,and weakenestheefectof thermaldamageonthetarget. 犓犲狔狑狅狉犱狊 :thermobaricexplosive;aluminumpowder;thermalresponse;modalitychange 6 7, T P a 1 H L, B H?(, 8H 1 "H? 1LM [1 2], 5 B 1 P " ' <M [3]," R 564 Y 5 ` C 1 5 H B 1 $ H 0, ' 1 WR $ +, 1 ( 2 " N 1 ) & W C1 5 0> 5 ' 1 ( L $1) * [4] [5] A =! 1 >?! B C, C C 1 $ ; P [6] A >? 5 H 7 1 ' ) >, = W 2 #! BC ' C ; Y 5 ; 1 C, R $,+ L +,,-./: ; 01./: : (1967-),, [,,]^8H CA0'

2 8 364 " ' 1 R $, (4): ()* 犙狏 = 犆犻 ( 犜 b- 犜 0)= 狀犻犮狏犻 Δ 犜 (4) 1 Z[\]^ _ 1.1 IZ[\]^ `a " ' 5 1 W 2 : + A 8 H 1 W 2 >? [7], (1) (2): 狆 H=15.58( φ e ω) ρ2 0 (1) 狆 H= 1 2 犇 4 ρ0 (2) : 狆 H 8H 1'5; φ e 8H ' 1J=," RDX, φ e ;ω 8H ' 1 = D ~1.50g/cm 3, 1' 5450~5621m/s (1) (2)W 2 1 ' 5 狆 H GPa ' 56U 12. 0~13.0GPa C6 (0.265GPa), M (660 ) (60GPa) [8],, ' 4 A, H E, 5 A :+ 1R $, E Y 1," N 5 1 Murnaghan > [9], :+ $ : 犘 =( 犅 0 / 犅 0 )[( 犞 0/ 犞 ) B 0-1 ] (3) : 犅 0 犅 , 56 =; 犘 56; 犞 0 1 ; 犞 5@ 犅 GPa, 犅 0 4.8±0.3, 13.0GPa5 6 W 2, B 1 $ R : ( ) -1/ 犅犞 / 狆 0 犞 0= 犅 0 / +1 =0.878 犅 0. Y A,4$R IZ[\]^ b ' ; 1, A 1 ' W2 >? " ' T G? ' T &?, G? > :, A )? [10] ( G?)W ', : 犜 b 1',K; 犜 0 1, 298K; 犮狏犻 K ' T 298~ 犜 b K % CG,J/mol K;Δ 犜, K; 犙狏 'G,J/kg;, 犮狏犻 0 ", = : 犮狏犻 = 犪犻 + 犫犻 Δ 犜 (5) ( (4): : Δ 犜 = - 狀犻犪犻 + 槡 ( 狀犻犪犻 ) 2 +4 狀犻犫犻犙 2 狀犫犻狏 (6) " 5 ' C C T 1 CG, : H 2 CO N 2 C7 : 犮狏犻 = Δ 犜 Al 2O 3 : 犮狏犻 = Δ 犜 Al: 犮狏犻 =24.18J/mol K [11] 5 1 C C H N 13.02O Al , LM [12] D 1 = 20%,' T 1 CO 2 H 2O T I, ' C> :, : C 8.916H N 13.02O Al CO H N Al 2O Al+Q W2 ' T 1 U : 犜 b= 犜 0+Δ 犜 = =4299.0K 4 5 ' 4 C V 1,. 4 1 A,. 0, ' C &1 HP 1 (2477 ), Al 2O 3 1 (2980 ). " 61, ' C 1, A %, %1 2 3 A 1 +,, & B 5 ' & 1 G 1G,. A %,: + /0, /, 1:+0! #, 4G > : 2 犜 2 = λ 犜 (7) 狓 ρ 犮狋 : 犜,K; 狋 %,s;λ 1 G =,238W m -1 K -1 ; ρ 1, 2.7g/cm 3 ; 犮 G,0.8954J g -1 K -1 &α= λ, A $? $, ρ 犮

3 364 )*+,,-.,/0,:1 % (7):$ : 犜 ( 狓, 狋 )= 犜 s+ 2 狀 =1 狀 2 π 2 λ 狋 exp(- 2 ρ 犮 ) 狀 π sin 狓 ( 狀 π 狓 0 犜 0- 犜 s)sin d 狓 (8) : 犜 s Y D 3 0 " # 1! #, &, : 狋 =0, 犜 = 犜 0=298K 狓 =0, 犜 = 犜 S=4299.0K 狓 =, 犜 = 犜 S=4299.0K (9) 56' 4 Y & 1 G % 0.1μs, D 4 Y 0.6mm, = W21 犜 - 狓 Z1 C1) "C1 1 :+0," 15μm 1, ' 44 Y& K,4.5μm + 1 : JK 犜 /K F1 '1 I\c Fig.1 Thermoresponsecurveindetonationzone ofaluminium D 30!# 1!#, C 1) "C1 W2 # 2. 2:+0, 6.25μm 1 ' 4 4 Y & K, 4.5μm + 1 : JK, 16.5μm,' 41 A: 4,H I < b b b Table1 Aluminiumparticles soakdepthofheatunderdiferentcharacteristictempreature (" Y ) 2070 (*Y ) 狓 / μ m 犜 / 犓 F2 I < b b b Table2 Thickaluminiumflakes soakdepthofheatunderdiferentcharacteristictempreature 298 ( ) (*Y ) 狓 / μ m ^,. Y ", G a " 1, K,. ]^ 1G, B1 $,E 1 T 1 " ' T 1 [13] : A MPa1 7 ',] 1 SEM Z0,5R B1B 0.5~ 2.0μm, Z 1, Y! #, " 19.90% 1, B 1 &,+ # B 01, 0>1@ &W 0 H $ 1.3 I\ ]^ b 5 ' T,*Y 1 BM ]' T G, #+ 1*Y 2070K G V %, = [14], G % H 700μs. %, W 2,5 6 ' T ]4299K 2070K 1 $, : 犜狊犜 ( 狋 )= 犜 s- 狋 (s) 狋 (s) (10) +W23, *Y 1 C 犡 0 % 狋 1, # Z2, Z2 #, ' T, :+, +E150μm 1 BK *Y 2 I ]^ 2.1 I ]^?!, I K, ', 1

4 10 364! Y%6,!1 %, : '2 = b(2070k) 犡 - 狋 Fig.2 狓 - 狋 curveofaluminiumparticlesachieved ignitiontemperature(2070k) TaylorTH6, H6 3 [15], D! $7 ",4! " ' -16H3,.! #J= Weber= Q61 [16] 犠 e!17$ 60 Y%6 : 犠 e= ρ 2 g 狌犱 l σ (11) : ρ g 7 ; 狌! 07T " ; 犱 l!& ;σ! Y%6 = L M c [17],D 犠 e<12,! 7 T 6,!1 Y%6 +'!H37T ;D 12< 犠 e<20,! Y H 6 $ R, 7T A T Bag ;D 犠 e>20,! (Stripping) [18]! 7 T ' 6 H 1 & : 犱 c= 16σ (12) 2 ρg 狌 1 B! ' Y 5 1 [ 1! "! 1 Y %6,,! 1 Y % 6 #56!1 Y%60 Hg D( N/m) 1500m/s! 1 & : 犱犮 = 16σ ρg 狌 2=2.69μm D!& H 10 &,:-!& 1 ;7 T,H & 1! %:, : τb= 2 犱 l 狌 ρ ρ( ) l g 1/2 (13) :τ 犅! %; ρ g 7 ; 狌! 0 7 T 1 " ; 犱 l! & ; ρ l! DK!& 6 =, HK τb= 32 μ l (14) 2 ρg 狌 : μ l!6 =!1 0!& H,0 1 7T 1.5kg ( ' 1 #,+0.72ms Y5 1 ),!1 U 2300m/s,HK!!, (13)W 2 & μm 1! 1 % μs : + 0," 1000μm + 1!, 2300m/s, *+ % 10μs,," ' 1 (, 3 1!! T S! 1 ( ) :. Wolf Andeson [19] : 犱 0 1/2 1/3 [ ρg ρ ] 犾犱 N= 136γθ3/2 1/2 4 狌 (15) : 犱 N S!& ;γ!1 =; 狌!07 1 " ] T 1-. / ( Z3): +0,' T Al 2O 3 B 0 1 B 0.5~2.0μm '3 _ [ : 1, SEM ' Fig.3 SEM photographesoforiginalflakesand particlesafterdetonation 2.2 I ]^ ' Y51 ;, 1!0$ 7 1 1, C,! Y T, Y3

5 364 )*+,,-.,/0,:1 % *, 0, A Y T 7, 1 * 0 1 C,! YR Y Y!1 C3 Z4, T 1564": < 234,B " 1_` 1 " H N 1 > Y:(1) Y 5 1 % % I (2) Y51 Y >Y Y51G5 ` C +,P 1 B 0 Y 5 % 1, " # 1,M I $GH '4 H' Fig.4 Combustionmodelofaluminumdrop * ( Ⅰ Ⅰ Ⅱ Y(Y Y C) CT! Y2 *, Z Ⅱ R 3 4 ^ 5 & C a!#, ] Ⅰ Ⅱ Y C> : Al+bO mal 2O 3+nAl 2O 3 (c), : 犿 = (1 + 犫 )θ, 狀 =(1+ 犫 )(1-θ). ' )1T 4000K +, Y5 1D ms& 2000K,Y5& ~ 10.0MPa,,W 2 J = ~ 4000K, ~7.0MPa H B MPa % $ 1= W2 # Z5(a),H B K % 561$ Z5(b), 2000K MPa 1 %0 B 1 Z5(c), ]Z5(c): + 0,50μm B 4.50ms % & J,100μm B 16.80ms %& J, 200μm BK J 1 % U 62.72ms E A 35μm + 10>, JK C1 % 4.0ms 5 ' 1 ' C &J C,B 'G ' ;(2)' T 0 $ 7 8 H, C (1 :+ LB T $71,R Y 5, Y 5 '5 `a b `a # Fig.5 Relationofcombustiontimewithenvironment temperature,pressureandparticlesizeforaluminamparticles 3 T (1) ' ;,' : E T $R,E Y 1 ;' T 1 +E 15μm +&1

6 B,E 4.5μm +& J K, W 2, 3 1 B D E 1 % &, 1 D > & J 1 ' 3,4 :+, +E150μm 1 B *Y, 1Y5<M (2) 5 ' 1 C,"N B ' 234,B ' Y5,"N 5641R, " 1 W_ ` %, Y51 Y %, & Y51G ` C XY : [1] 67:,89,:;.? A Y 1CA, > [J].Y U,2001,24(4): ZHAO Feng qi,qin Guang ming,cai Bing yuan. Researchstatusanddevelopmenttrendsofnanometer materialsintheapplicationofpropelantsandexplo sives[j].chinesejournalofexplosivesand Propel lants,2001,24(4): [2] F\. A 8 H 1 L M [J].Y U, 2011,34(4):1 9. WANG Xiao feng.developmentaltrendsin military compositeexplosive[j].chinesejournalofexplosives andpropelants,2011,34(4):1 9. [3]. 5, [D]. b: b Q,2013. HUANGJu.StudyonSolidificationandperformance ofthermobaricexplosive [D].Nanjing:Nanjing Uni versityofscienceandtechnology,2013. [4],F, <,. 5 W1 L [J].' 023,2012,32(2): HUANGJu,WANG Bo liang,zhong Qian,etal. Thepreliminaryinvestigationonenergyoutputstruc tureofathermobaricexplosive[j].explosiveand Shock Waves,2012,32(2): [5], 5' $78H C1=! [D]. b: b Q,2011. DONG Wen yan. Numerical analysis of aluminum air mixturereactionforthermobaricexplosive[d].nanjing: NanjingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,2011. [6] 7 5 ' ) 1 [J].Y U,2013,36(3): LIZhi rong,wangsheng qiang,yinjun lan. Experimentstudyofblastperformanceofthermobaric explosiveunderdiferentgasenvironment[j].chinese JournalofExplosivesandPropelants,2013,36(3): [7] VA,JS,]<,. ' [M].ab:O QR BC,2004. [8] %D, E. 6 [M].ab: BC,2000:50. [9] %,,FG,. 1 > [J]. 5 U,2004,18(1): ZHANGJian,XIEYan wu,pan Yue wu,etal.iso thermalequation ofstateofaluminum [J].Chinese Journalof High Pressure Physics,2004,18 (1): [10]%HI,%D, E,.' [M].ab: QR BC,2001: [11]Y J, KL, MN.Y O [M]. :,1987:97. [12]>,FL,%-,. " 1 [J]. A, (5): YIN Hai quan,pan Qing,ZHANG Jian liang,et al.theinfluenceofaluminumpoweronexplosiveper formance[j].chinesejournalofengergeticmaterials, (5): [13],,,. 5 A [J]. A,2007,15(5): PEIMing jing,mao Gen wang,hu Hua quan,etal. Characteristicofthethermobaricexplosivecontaineda luminum powders[j].chinesejournalofengergetic Materials,2007,15(5): [14], 5, 1 C A [D].:aQR,2008. PEI Ming jing,studyonthermobaricexplosivecon tainedaluminum andapplicationin penetration war head[d].xi an:northwesternpoly technicaluniver sity,2008. [15]GardnerDR.Near fielddispersalmodelingforliquid FAE [R].SAND,1990. [16]RosenbatM,Eggum GE.DICE FAEanalysisoffuel dispersaland detonationfrom a FAE device,atl TR 76 33[R] [17]P [ ]. T [M].a b:o Q R B C,1990. [18] HQ. 1 ' ' [M].ab:O QR BC,1998: [19] WolfH E,AndersonK H.Mechanismsandresultant dropletsizes ofthe aerodynamic breakup ofliquid drops, (18) sp[r].[s.l.]:aeroject Gener alcorporation,1964.

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