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1 C

2 /156 C

3 typedef /156 C

4 1.

5 5/156 C

6 I 1 // book.c: 2 #include<stdio.h> 3 #define MAXTITL 41 4 #define MAXAUTL 31 5 struct book 6 { 7 char title[maxtitl]; 8 char author[maxautl]; 9 float value; 10 }; int main(void) 13 { 6/156 C

7 II 14 struct book library; printf("please enter the book title.\n"); 17 gets(library.title); printf("please enter the author.\n"); 20 gets(library.author); printf("now enter the value.\n"); 23 scanf("%f", &library.value); printf("%s by %s: %.2f\n", library.title, 26 library.author, library.value); 27 printf("%s: *%s* (%.2f)\n", library.title, 7/156 C

8 III 28 library.author, library.value); return 0; 31 } 8/156 C

9 Please enter the book title. C primer plus Please enter the author. Stephan Prata Now enter the value. 80 C primer plus by Stephan Prata: C primer plus: *Stephan Prata* (80.00) Done. 9/156 C

10 3 (member) 10/156 C

11 2.

12 (structure declaration) struct book { char title[maxtitl]; char author[maxautl]; float value; }; char float 12/156 C

13 struct (book) struct book library; library book C 13/156 C

14 14/156 C

15 3.

16 struct book library; book MAXTITL char MAXAUTL char float library 16/156 C

17 struct book int float struct book struct book lib1, lib2, * ptbook; 17/156 C

18 1 struct book library; 1 struct book 2 { 3 char title[maxtitl]; 4 char author[maxautl]; 5 float value; 6 } library; 18/156 C

19 1 struct 2 { 3 char title[maxtitl]; 4 char author[maxautl]; 5 float value; 6 } library; 19/156 C

20 3.1

21 1 struct book library = { 2 "C primer plus", 3 "Stephan Prata", }; 21/156 C

22 3.2

23 char float int 23/156 C

24 char float int (.) library.value library value float library.value.title.author.value book 23/156 C

25 3.3

26 C99 book value struct book surprise = {.value = 20.50}; struct book gift = {.value = 40.50,.author = "Dennis M. Ritchie",.title = "The C programming language" }; 25/156 C

27 4.

28 4.1

29 I 1 // manybook.c: 2 #include<stdio.h> 3 #define MAXTITL 41 4 #define MAXAUTL 31 5 #define MAXBOOK struct book 7 { 8 char title[maxtitl]; 9 char author[maxautl]; 10 float value; 11 }; int main(void) 28/156 C

30 II 14 { 15 struct book library[maxbook]; 16 int count = 0; 17 int i; printf("enter the book title.\n"); 20 printf("press [enter] at the start of a line to stop.\n"); 21 while (count < MAXBOOK 22 && gets(library[count].title)!= NULL 23 && library[count].title[0]!= \0 ) { 24 printf("enter the author.\n"); 25 gets(library[count].author); 26 printf("enter the value.\n"); 29/156 C

31 III 27 scanf("%f", &library[count++].value); 28 while(getchar()!= \n ) 29 continue; 30 if (count < MAXBOOK) 31 printf("enter the next title.\n"); 32 } if (count > 0) { 35 printf("here is the list of your book:\n"); 36 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) 37 printf("%s by %s: %.2f\n", library[i].title, 38 library[i].author, library[i].value); 39 } else { 40 printf("no book? Too bad!\n"); 30/156 C

32 IV 41 } return 0; 44 } 31/156 C

33 Enter the book title. Press [enter] at the start of a line to stop. C primer plus[enter] Enter the author. Stephan Prata[enter] Enter the value. 80[enter] Enter the next title. C programing language[enter] Enter the author. Dennis Ritchie[enter] Enter the value. 40[enter] Enter the next title. 32/156 C

34 Here is the list of your book: C primer plus by Stephan Prata: C programing language by Dennis Ritchie: /156 C

35 4.2

36 struct book library[maxbook]; MAXBOOK book library struct book 35/156 C

37 4.3

38 library[0].value; library[4].title; library[2].title[4]; // 1 value // 5 title // 3 title // 5 37/156 C

39 5.

40 Shalala 39/156 C

41 I 1 #include<stdio.h> 2 #define LEN const char * msgs[5] = { 5 " Thank your for the wonderful evening, ", 6 "You certainly prove that a ", 7 "is a special kind of guy. We must get together", 8 "over a delicous ", 9 "and have a few laughs" 10 }; struct names { 13 char first[len]; 40/156 C

42 II 14 char last[len]; 15 }; struct guy { 18 struct names handle; 19 char favfood[len]; 20 char job[len]; 21 float income; 22 }; int main(void) 25 { 26 struct guy fellow = { 27 {"Ewen", "Villard"}, 41/156 C

43 III 28 "grilled salmon", 29 "personality coach", }; printf("dear %s, \n\n", fellow.handle.first); 34 printf("%s%s.\n", msgs[0], fellow.handle.first); 35 printf("%s%s\n", msgs[1], fellow.job); 36 printf("%s\n", msgs[2]); 37 printf("%s%s%s", msgs[3], fellow.favfood, msgs[4]); 38 if (fellow.income > ) 39 puts("!!"); 40 else if (fellow.income > ) 41 puts("!"); 42/156 C

44 IV 42 else 43 puts("."); printf("\n%40s%s\n", " ", "See you soon, "); 46 printf("%40s%s\n", " ", "Shalala"); return 0; 49 } 43/156 C

45 Dear Ewen, Thank your for the wonderful evening, Ewen. You certainly prove that a personality coach is a special kind of guy. We must get together over a delicous grilled salmonand have a few laughs. See you soon, Shalala 44/156 C

46 fellow.handle.first 45/156 C

47 6.

48 1. 2. C 3. 47/156 C

49 6.1

50 struct guy * him; him guy barney guy him = &barney; & 49/156 C

51 fellow fellow[0] him fellow[0] him = &fellow[0]; 50/156 C

52 6.2

53 him fellow[0] 1. -> him->income is fellow[0].income if him == &fellow[0] him him->income him 2. fellow[0].income == (*him).income * 52/156 C

54 him fellow[0] fellow[0].income == (*him).income == him->income 53/156 C

55 7.

56 /156 C

57 7.1

58 int, char, float, double 57/156 C

59 58/156 C

60 I 1 // funds1.c: 2 #include<stdio.h> 3 #define LEN 50 4 struct funds { 5 char bank[len]; 6 double bankfund; 7 char save[len]; 8 double savefund; 9 }; double sum(double, double); int main(void) 59/156 C

61 II 14 { 15 struct funds stan = { 16 "Hankou Bank", , 18 "Lucky s Savings and Loan", }; printf("stan has a total of %.2f.\n", 23 sum(stan.bankfund, stan.savefund)); 24 } double sum(double x, double y) 27 { 60/156 C

62 III 28 return (x + y); 29 } 61/156 C

63 sum() double modify(&stan.bankfund); 62/156 C

64 7.2

65 I 1 #include<stdio.h> 2 #define LEN 50 3 struct funds { 4 char bank[len]; 5 double bankfund; 6 char save[len]; 7 double savefund; 8 }; 9 10 double sum(const struct funds *); int main(void) 13 { 64/156 C

66 II 14 struct funds stan = { 15 "Hankou Bank", , 17 "Lucky s Savings and Loan", }; printf("stan has a total of %.2f.\n", 22 sum(&stan)); 23 } double sum(const struct funds * money) 26 { 27 return (money->bankfund + money->savefund); 65/156 C

67 III 28 } 66/156 C

68 7.3

69 I 1 // funds3.c 2 #include<stdio.h> 3 #define LEN 50 4 struct funds { 5 char bank[len]; 6 double bankfund; 7 char save[len]; 8 double savefund; 9 }; double sum(const struct funds moolah); int main(void) 68/156 C

70 II 14 { 15 struct funds stan = { 16 "Hankou Bank", , 18 "Lucky s Savings and Loan", }; printf("stan has a total of %.2f.\n", 23 sum(stan)); 24 } double sum(const struct funds moolah) 27 { 69/156 C

71 III 28 return (moolah.bankfund + moolah.savefund); 29 } 70/156 C

72 7.4

73 C n_data o_data o_data = n_data; o_data n_data 72/156 C

74 struct names right_field = {"Ruthie", "George"}; struct names captin = right_field; 73/156 C

75 C 74/156 C

76 I 1 // names1.c 2 #include <stdio.h> 3 #include <string.h> 4 5 struct namect { 6 char fname[20]; 7 char lname[20]; 8 int letters; 9 }; void getinfo(struct namect *); 12 void makeinfo(struct namect *); 13 void showinfo(const struct namect *); 75/156 C

77 II int main(void) 16 { 17 struct namect person; 18 getinfo (&person); 19 makeinfo(&person); 20 showinfo(&person); 21 return 0; 22 } void getinfo(struct namect * pst) 25 { 26 puts("enter your first name."); 27 gets(pst->fname); 76/156 C

78 III 28 puts("enter your last name."); 29 gets(pst->lname); 30 } void makeinfo(struct namect * pst) 33 { 34 pst->letters = (int) strlen(pst->fname) + 35 (int) strlen(pst->lname); 36 } void showinfo(const struct namect * pst) 39 { 40 printf("%s %s, your name contains %d letters.\n", 41 pst->fname, pst->lname, pst->letters); 77/156 C

79 IV 42 } 78/156 C

80 Enter your first name. Stepha Enter your last name. Prata Stephan Prata, your name contains 12 letters. 79/156 C

81 80/156 C

82 I 1 // names2.c 2 #include <stdio.h> 3 #include <string.h> 4 5 struct namect { 6 char fname[20]; 7 char lname[20]; 8 int letters; 9 }; struct namect getinfo(void); 12 struct namect makeinfo(struct namect); 13 void showinfo(struct namect); 81/156 C

83 II int main(void) 16 { 17 struct namect person; person = getinfo(); 20 person = makeinfo(person); 21 showinfo(person); return 0; 24 } struct namect getinfo(void) 27 { 82/156 C

84 III 28 struct namect temp; puts("enter your first name."); 31 gets(temp.fname); 32 puts("enter your last name."); 33 gets(temp.lname); return temp; 36 } struct namect makeinfo(struct namect info) 39 { 40 info.letters = (int) strlen(info.fname) + 41 (int) strlen(info.lname); 83/156 C

85 IV 42 return info; 43 } void showinfo(struct namect info) 46 { 47 printf("%s %s, your name contains %d letters.\n", 48 info.fname, info.lname, info.letters); 49 } 84/156 C

86 7.5

87 86/156 C

88 1. C 2. ANSI C const 87/156 C

89 C 2. 88/156 C

90 struct vector { double x; double y; }; a b struct vector ans, a, b; struct vector sum_vec(struct vector, struct vector);... ans = sum_vec(a, b); 89/156 C

91 struct vector ans, a, b; struct vector sum_vec(const struct vector *, const struct vector *, struct vector *);... sum_vec(&a, &b, &ans); 90/156 C

92 const 91/156 C

93 7.6

94 struct names { char first[20]; char last [20]; } struct pnames { char * first; char * last; } 93/156 C

95 struct names { char first[20]; char last [20]; } struct pnames { char * first; char * last; } 93/156 C

96 struct names name1 = {"Stephan", "Prata"}; struct pnames name2 = {"Dennis", "Ritche"}; printf("%s %s", name1.first, name2.last); 94/156 C

97 struct names name1 40 struct pnames name pnames 95/156 C

98 struct names accountant; struct pnames attorney; puts("enter the last name of you accountant"); scanf("%s", accountant.last); puts("enter the last name of you attorney"); scanf("%s", attorney.last); // 96/156 C

99 accountant scanf() attorney.last 97/156 C

100 malloc() 98/156 C

101 7.7 malloc()

102 malloc() malloc() malloc() 100/156 C

103 malloc() I 1 // names3.c 2 #include <stdio.h> 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 #include <string.h> 5 6 struct namect { 7 char *fname; 8 char *lname; 9 int letters; 10 }; void getinfo(struct namect *); 13 void makeinfo(struct namect *); 101/156 C

104 malloc() II 14 void showinfo(const struct namect *); 15 void cleanup(struct namect *); int main(void) 18 { 19 struct namect person; 20 getinfo (&person); 21 makeinfo(&person); 22 showinfo(&person); 23 cleanup (&person); 24 return 0; 25 } void getinfo(struct namect * pst) 102/156 C

105 malloc() III 28 { 29 char temp[81]; 30 puts("enter your first name."); 31 gets(temp); 32 pst->fname = (char *) malloc (strlen(temp)+1); 33 strcpy(pst->fname, temp); 34 puts("enter your last name."); 35 gets(temp); 36 pst->lname = (char *) malloc (strlen(temp)+1); 37 strcpy(pst->lname, temp); 38 } void makeinfo(struct namect * pst) 41 { 103/156 C

106 malloc() IV 42 pst->letters = (int) strlen(pst->fname) + 43 (int) strlen(pst->lname); 44 } void showinfo(const struct namect * pst) 47 { 48 printf("%s %s, your name contains %d letters.\n", 49 pst->fname, pst->lname, pst->letters); 50 } void cleanup(struct namect * pst) 53 { 54 free(pst->fname); 55 free(pst->lname); 104/156 C

107 malloc() V 56 } 105/156 C

108 malloc() malloc() malloc() free() cleanup() 106/156 C

109 8.

110 (union) 108/156 C

111 union hold { int digit; double bigfl; char letter; } int double char 109/156 C

112 3 hold union hold fit; union hold save[10]; union hold * pu; fit double 8 save 10 8 hold 110/156 C

113 C99 union hold vala; vala.letter = R ; union hold valb = vala; union hold valc = {88}; union hold vald = {.bigfl = 118.2}; 111/156 C

114 union hold fit; fit.digit = 23; fit.bigfl = 2.0; fit.letter = h ; // 23 fit 2 // // 2.0 h 1 112/156 C

115 -> union hold * pu; union hold fit; pu = & fit; x = pu->digit; // x = fit.digit fit.letter = A ; flnum = 3.2 * fit.bigfl; // 113/156 C

116 struct owner { char socsecurity[20];... }; struct leasecompany { char name[40]; char headquarters[40];... } 114/156 C

117 union data { struct owner owncar; struct leasecompany leasecar; }; struct car_data{ char make[15]; int status; // 0 = 1 = union data owerinfo;... } 115/156 C

118 honda car_data honda.status 0 honda.owerinfo.owncar.socsecurity honda.status 1 honda.owerinfo.leasecar.name 116/156 C

119 9.

120 (enumerated type) enum enum int int 118/156 C

121 enum spectrum {red, orange, yellow, green, blue}; enum spectrum color; spectrum enum spectrum color spectrum 119/156 C

122 int c; color = blue; if (color == yellow)... for (color = red; color <= blue; color++)... spectrum /156 C

123 printf("red = %d, orange = %d\n", red, orange); red = 0, orange = 1 red /156 C

124 0 1 2 nina 3 enum kids {nippy, slats, skippy, nina, liz}; 122/156 C

125 enum levels {low = 100, medium = 500, high = 2000}; enum feline {cat, lynx = 10, puma, tiger}; cat 0 lynx puma tiger /156 C

126 enum red blue /156 C

127 enum I 1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <stdbool.h> 4 5 enum spectrum {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet}; 6 const char * colors[] = { "red", "orange", "yellow", 7 "green", "blue", "violet" }; 8 #define LEN int main(void) 11 { 12 char choice[len]; 125/156 C

128 enum II 13 enum spectrum color; 14 bool color_is_found = false; puts("enter a color (empty line to quit):"); 17 while (gets(choice)!= NULL && choice[0]!= \0 ) { 18 for (color = red; color <= violet; color++) { 19 if (strcmp(choice, colors[color]) == 0) { 20 color_is_found = true; 21 break; 22 } 23 } 24 if (color_is_found) 25 switch (color) { 26 case red : 126/156 C

129 enum III 27 puts("roes are red."); 28 break; 29 case orange : 30 puts("poppies are orange."); 31 break; 32 case yellow : 33 puts("sunflowers are yellow."); 34 break; 35 case green : 36 puts("grass is green."); 37 break; 38 case blue : 39 puts("bluebells are blue."); 40 break; 127/156 C

130 enum IV 41 case violet : 42 puts("violets are violet."); 43 break; 44 } 45 else 46 printf("i don t know about the color %s.\n", choice); 47 color_is_found = false; 48 puts("next color, please (empty line to quit): ") ; 49 } 50 puts("goodbye!"); return 0; 128/156 C

131 enum V 53 } 129/156 C

132 enum I Enter a color (empty line to quit): orange Poppies are orange. Next color, please (empty line to quit): blue Bluebells are blue. Next color, please (empty line to quit): red Roes are red. Next color, please (empty line to quit): sdf I don t know about the color sdf. Next color, please (empty line to quit): 130/156 C

133 enum II Goodbye! 131/156 C

134 10. typedef

135 typedef typedef #define #define typedef typedef typedef #define 133/156 C

136 typedef typedef unsigned char BYTE; BYTE x, y[10], * z; unsigned char BYTE BYTE typedef 134/156 C

137 typedef typedef char * STRING; STRING char STRING name, sign; char * name, * sign; 135/156 C

138 typedef #define STRING char *; STRING name, sign; char * name, sign; 136/156 C

139 typedef typedef typedef struct complex { float real; float imag; } COMPLEX; COMPLEX struct complex typedef 137/156 C

140 typedef typedef typedef struct { double x; double y; } vector; 138/156 C

141 typedef vector v1 = {3.0, 6.0}; vector v2; v2 = v1; struct { double x; double y; } v1 = {3.0, 6.0}; struct { double x; double y; } v2; v2 = v1; 139/156 C

142 typedef typedef typedef typedef char(* FRPTC()) [5]; FRPTC 5 char 140/156 C

143 typedef typedef 141/156 C

144 11.

145 int board[8][8]; //int int ** ptr; // int int * risk[10]; // 10 int int (* rusk) [10]; // 10 int int * oof[3][4]; // 3x4 int int (* uuf) [3][4]; // 3X4 int int (* uof [3]) [4]; // 3 // 4 int 143/156 C

146 char * fump(); // char char (* frump) (); // char char (* flump[3]) (); // 3 char 144/156 C

147 typedef int arr5[5] typedef arr5 * p_arr5; typedef p_arr5 arrp10[10]; arr5 togs; //togs 5 int p_arr5 p2; //p2 5 int arrp10 ap; //ap 10 // 5 int 145/156 C

148 12.

149 12.1

150 int * int * f (int a, int b); 148/156 C

151 I 1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 int * f(int a, int b); 4 int main(void) 5 { 6 int * p1 = NULL; 7 printf("the memeory address of p1 = %p \n", p1); 8 p1 = f(1, 2); 9 printf("the memeory address of p1 = %p \n", p1); 10 printf("*p1 = %d \n", *p1); 11 return 0; 12 } /156 C

152 II 14 int * f(int a, int b) { 15 int * p = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)); printf("the memeory address of p = %p \n", p); 18 *p = a + b; 19 printf("*p = %d \n", *p); return p; 22 } 150/156 C

153 The memeory address of p1 = (nil) The memeory address of p = 0x12c0010 *p = 3 The memeory address of p1 = 0x12c0010 *p1 = 3 151/156 C

154 12.2

155 int (* f) (int a, int b); * 153/156 C

156 I 1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 4 int max(int a, int b) 5 { 6 return (a > b? a : b); 7 } 8 9 int min(int a, int b) 10 { 11 return (a < b? a : b); 12 } /156 C

157 II 14 int (*f) (int, int); int main(void) 17 { f = max; 20 int c = (*f) (1, 2); 21 printf("the max value is %d \n", c); f = min; 24 c = (*f) (1, 2); 25 printf("the min value is %d \n", c); return 0; 155/156 C

158 III 28 } 156/156 C

159 The max value is 2 The min value is 1 157/156 C

C/C++ - 结构体、共用体、枚举体

C/C++ - 结构体、共用体、枚举体 C/C++ Table of contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1 C C (struct) C 2 C C (struct) C 2 i // book.c: # include < stdio.h> # define MAX_ TITLE 41 # define MAX_ AUTHOR 31 struct book { char title [ MAX_ TITLE