C/C++语言 - C/C++数据
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- 循圜 山
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1 C/C++ C/C++
2 Table of contents char 5. 1
3
4 C = 5 (F 32). 9 F C 2
5 1 // fal2cel. c: Convert Fah temperature to Cel temperature 2 # include < stdio.h> 3 int main ( void ) 4 { 5 float fah, cel ; 6 printf (" Please input the Fah temperature :\ n"); 7 scanf ("%f", & fah ); 8 cel = ( fah - 32.) * 5./9.; 9 printf (" %.2 f F = %.2 f C\n", fah, cel ); 10 return 0; 11 } 3
6 $ gcc fah2cel. c $./a. out Please input the Fahrenheit temperature : F = C 4
7 float fah, cel ; float %f %.2f scanf() %f scanf() &fah fah fah 5
8 scanf() printf() scanf() printf() 6
9
10 :
11 a b 8
12 : 9
13 : : C/C++ 9
14 # define #define 10
15 # include < stdio.h> # define PRICE 100 int main ( void ) { int num, total ; num = 10; total = num * PRICE ; printf (" total =%d\n", total ); return 0; } 11
16 # include < stdio.h> # define PRICE 100 int main ( void ) { int num, total ; num = 10; total = num * PRICE ; printf (" total =%d\n", total ); return 0; } 11
17 : 12
18 C C++ a 3 13
19
20 int signed _Bool long void _Complex short _Imaginary unsigned char float double 15
21 int long short unsigned signed char float double long double true false C _Bool C++: bool C complex C++ complex 16
22 # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { _Bool is_ printed = 1; if ( is_printed ) printf (" Hello world!\n"); return 0; } 17
23 # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { _Bool is_ printed = 1; if ( is_printed ) printf (" Hello world!\n"); return 0; } # include < iostream > using namespace std ; int main () { bool is_ printed = true ; if ( is_printed ) cout << " Hello world!" << endl ; return 0; } 17
24 1: C complex.h creal cimag conj cabs carg 18
25 # include <stdio.h> # include < complex.h> int main ( void ) { double complex a = 1 + 1I; printf ("a = (%.2f, %.2 f)\n", creal (a), cimag (a)); double complex b = conj ( a); printf ("b = (%.2f, %.2 f)\n", creal (b), cimag (b)); printf (" arg = %.5 f\n", carg (a)); printf (" abs = %.5 f\n", cabs (a)); return 0; } 19
26 2: C++ complex real imag conj abs arg 20
27 # include < cstdio > # include < complex > using namespace std ; int main ( void ) { complex < double > a (1.0, 1.0) ; printf ("a = (%.2f, %.2 f)\n", a. real (), a. imag ()); complex < double > b = conj (a); printf ("b = (%.2f, %.2 f)\n", b. real (), b. imag ()); printf (" arg = %.5 f\n", arg (a)); printf (" abs = %.5 f\n", abs (a)); return 0; } 21
28
29
30 : :
31 int int C limits.h C++ limits std::numeric_limits C 24
32 int // int_info.c # include < stdio.h> # include < limits.h> int main ( void ) { printf (" range of int is % d ~ % d\ n", INT_MIN, INT_MAX ); printf (" sizeof int = %lu bytes \n", sizeof ( int )); return 0; } 25
33 int // int_info.c # include < stdio.h> # include < limits.h> int main ( void ) { printf (" range of int is % d ~ % d\ n", INT_MIN, INT_MAX ); printf (" sizeof int = %lu bytes \n", sizeof ( int )); return 0; } $ gcc int_info.c $./a. out range of int is ~ sizeof int = 4 bytes 25
34 int // int_info. cpp # include < cstdio > # include < limits > using namespace std ; int main () { printf ( " range of int is %d ~ %d\n", numeric_limits <int >:: min (), numeric_limits <int >:: max () ); printf ( " sizeof int = %lu bytes \n", sizeof ( int ) ); return 0; } 26
35 int // int_info. cpp # include < cstdio > # include < limits > using namespace std ; int main () { printf ( " range of int is %d ~ %d\n", numeric_limits <int >:: min (), numeric_limits <int >:: max () ); printf ( " sizeof int = %lu bytes \n", sizeof ( int ) ); return 0; } $ g++ int_info. cpp $./a. out range of int is ~ sizeof int = 4 bytes 26
36 int int int var ; int var1, var2 ; int 27
37 int int 1. int n; n = 1; 2. scanf int n; scanf ("%d", &n); 3. int n = 1; 28
38 int int a = 1; int b = 2, c = 3; int d, e = 4; // valid, but not good 29
39 int 30
40 int int a; a int b=2; 2 b 3: 30
41 int // print1. c: display some properties of printf () # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { int a = 10; int b = 2; printf (" Doing it right : "); printf ("%d - %d = %d\n", a, b, a-b); printf (" Doing it wrong : "); printf ("%d - %d = %d\n", a); return 0; } 31
42 int // print1. c: display some properties of printf () # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { int a = 10; int b = 2; printf (" Doing it right : "); printf ("%d - %d = %d\n", a, b, a-b); printf (" Doing it wrong : "); printf ("%d - %d = %d\n", a); return 0; } $ gcc print1. c $./a. out Doing it right : 10-2 = 8 Doing it wrong : =
43 int print() a %d %d printf() 32
44 C 0x 0X 16 0x10 0X
45 1 // bases. c: print 100 in decimal, octal and hex 2 # include <stdio.h> 3 int main ( void ) 4 { 5 int x = 100; 6 printf (" dec = %d; oct = %o; hex = %X\n", x, x, x); 7 printf (" dec = %d; oct = %#o; hex = %#X\n", x, x, x); 8 return 0; 9 } 34
46 1 // bases. c: print 100 in decimal, octal and hex 2 # include <stdio.h> 3 int main ( void ) 4 { 5 int x = 100; 6 printf (" dec = %d; oct = %o; hex = %X\n", x, x, x); 7 printf (" dec = %d; oct = %#o; hex = %#X\n", x, x, x); 8 return 0; 9 } $ gcc bases. c $./a. out dec = 100; oct = 144; hex = 64 dec = 100; oct = 0144; hex = 0 x64 34
47 %d %o %#o %x %X %#x %#X 35
48 C/C++ 4 int short long unsigned signed short (int) %hd, %ho, %hx long (int) %ld, %lo, %lx long long (int) %lld, %llo, % llx unsigned (int) %u unsigned long (int) unsigned long long (int) %lu %llu 36
49 C/C++ 4 int short long unsigned signed short (int) %hd, %ho, %hx long (int) %ld, %lo, %lx long long (int) %lld, %llo, % llx unsigned (int) %u unsigned long (int) unsigned long long (int) %lu %llu signed short short int signed short signed short int 36
50 ? 37
51 ? CPU long int short 37
52 ? CPU long int short C/C++ short int long int 37
53 38
54 # include <stdio.h> # include <limits.h> int main ( void ) { int i = INT_MAX ; unsigned int j = UINT_ MAX ; printf ("i = %d, i+1 = %d, i+2 = %d\n", i, i+1, i +2) ; printf ("j = %u, j+1 = %u, j+2 = %u\n", j, j+1, j +2) ; return 0; } $ gcc intoverflow. c $./a. out i = , i +1 = , i +2 = j = , j +1 = 0, j +2 = 1 39
55 unsigned int 0 int
56 unsigned int 0 int
57 char
58 char : char char a, b, =, +,? char 41
59 char char char ASCII char 42
60 char char a, b; char c; A grade char grade = A ; 43
61 char char a, b; char c; A grade char grade = A ; A char grade ; // char grade = A ; // grade = A; // grade = "A"; // grade = 65; // 43
62 ASCII 44
63 ASCII char a = x ; char b = y ; x y ASCII a b a: b:
64 C/C++ 45
65 printf() %c %d ASCII 46
66 printf() %c %d ASCII // charcode. c: displays code number for a char # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { char c; printf (" Please input a character :\n"); scanf ("%c", &c); printf (" the code for %c is %d\n", c, c); return 0; } 46
67 printf() %c %d ASCII // charcode. c: displays code number for a char # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { char c; printf (" Please input a character :\n"); scanf ("%c", &c); printf (" the code for %c is %d\n", c, c); return 0; } $ gcc charcode. c $./a. out Please input a character : A 46
68 ch %c %d A 65 47
69
70 e e e e-5 48
71 C float double long double 49
72 C float double float C long double double IEEE float IEEE R32.24 double IEEE R
73 // float.c # include <stdio.h> # include <float.h> int main ( void ) { printf (" ----float ---\n"); printf (" range : %e ~ %e\n", FLT_MIN, FLT_MAX ); printf (" epsilon : %e\n", FLT_EPSILON ); printf (" size : %lu bytes \n\n", sizeof ( float )); printf (" ---- double ---\n"); printf (" range : %e ~ %e\n", DBL_MIN, DBL_MAX ); printf (" epsilon : %e\n", DBL_EPSILON ); printf (" size : %lu bytes \n\n", sizeof ( double )); printf (" ---- long double ---\n"); printf (" range : %Le ~ %Le\n", LDBL_MIN, LDBL_MAX ); printf (" epsilon : %Le\n", LDBL_EPSILON ); printf (" size : %lu bytes \n", sizeof ( long double )); return 0; } 51
74 ----float --- range : e -38 ~ e +38 epsilon : e -07 size : 4 bytes ---- double --- range : e -308 ~ e +308 epsilon : e -16 size : 8 bytes ---- long double --- range : e ~ e epsilon : e -19 size : 16 bytes 52
75 i // float. cpp # include <iostream > # include <limits > using namespace std ; int main ( void ) { cout << " ----float ----" << endl << " range : " << numeric_limits < float >:: min () << " ~ " << numeric_limits < float >:: max () << endl << " prec : " << numeric_limits < float >:: epsilon () << endl << " size : " << sizeof ( float ) << endl << endl ; cout << " ---- double ----" << endl << " range : " << numeric_limits < double >:: min () << " ~ " << numeric_limits < double >:: max () << endl << " prec : " << numeric_limits < double >:: epsilon () << endl 53
76 ii << " size : " << sizeof ( double ) << endl ; } cout << " ---- long double ----" << endl << " range : " << numeric_limits < long double >:: min () << " ~ " << numeric_limits < long double >:: max () << endl << " prec : " << numeric_limits < long double >:: epsilon () << endl << " size : " << sizeof ( long double ) << endl ; return 0; 54
77 ----float ---- range : e -38 ~ e +38 prec : e -07 size : double ---- range : e -308 ~ e +308 prec : e -16 size : long double ---- range : e ~ e prec : e -19 size : 16 55
78 1. (sign) (exponent) 3. (mantissa) 56
79 R32.24 R64.53 (120.5) 10 = ( ) 2 ( ) 2 57
80 R32.24 R64.53 (120.5) 10 = ( ) 2 ( ) n
81 24 (9) 10 = (1001) 2, 1 24 float 6 58
82
83
84 = 130 = ( ) 2 (0001) 2 60
85 = 130 = ( ) 2 (0001) =
86
87 = 133 = ( ) 2 ( ) 2 61
88 = 133 = ( ) 2 ( ) =
89 , 62
90
91 ( ) 2 = = 6 ( ) 2 = ( ) 2 =
92 // float2double. c: # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float f1 = 2.2, f2 = 2.25; double g1, g2; g1 = ( double ) f1; g2 = ( double ) f2; printf ("g1 = %.13f, g2 = %.13 f\n", g1, g2); return 0; } 64
93 // float2double. c: # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float f1 = 2.2, f2 = 2.25; double g1, g2; g1 = ( double ) f1; g2 = ( double ) f2; printf ("g1 = %.13f, g2 = %.13 f\n", g1, g2); return 0; } g1 = , g2 =
94
95
96
97
98
99 e E E+12, 2.87e -3 69
100 +2.87e e -3 2E // is an integer 3. e12.45e -5 70
101 1.56 E +12 // wrong double some float some = 4.0 * 2. 0; double 64 float 71
102 f F float 2.3 f 3.4 e9f l L long double l 1 L 54.3 l 4.3 E9L 72
103 // float1. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.1; if (x == 0.1) printf ("IF\n"); else if (x == 0.1 f) printf (" ELSE IF\n"); else printf (" ELSE \n"); } 73
104 // float1. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.1; if (x == 0.1) printf ("IF\n"); else if (x == 0.1 f) printf (" ELSE IF\n"); else printf (" ELSE \n"); } ELSE IF 73
105 // float1. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.1; if (x == 0.1) printf ("IF\n"); else if (x == 0.1 f) printf (" ELSE IF\n"); else printf (" ELSE \n"); } ELSE IF x f != 0.1f x == 0.1f 73
106 // float2. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.1; printf ("%lu %lu %lu\n", sizeof (x), sizeof (0.1), sizeof (0.1 f)); return 0; } 74
107 // float2. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.1; printf ("%lu %lu %lu\n", sizeof (x), sizeof (0.1), sizeof (0.1 f)); return 0; }
108 // float2. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.1; printf ("%lu %lu %lu\n", sizeof (x), sizeof (0.1), sizeof (0.1 f)); return 0; }
109 // float3. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.5; if (x == 0.5) printf ("IF\n"); else if (x == 0.5 f) printf (" ELSE IF\n"); else printf (" ELSE \n"); } 75
110 // float3. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.5; if (x == 0.5) printf ("IF\n"); else if (x == 0.5 f) printf (" ELSE IF\n"); else printf (" ELSE \n"); } IF 75
111 // float3. c: What is the output? # include < stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float x = 0.5; if (x == 0.5) printf ("IF\n"); else if (x == 0.5 f) printf (" ELSE IF\n"); else printf (" ELSE \n"); } IF x f f == 0.5f x ==
112 %f float double %e %Lf %Le long double 76
113 // showf_pt.c: # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float a = ; double b = 2.14 e9; long double c = e -5; printf ("%f can be written as %e\n", a, a); printf ("%f can be written as %e\n", b, b); printf ("%Lf can be written as %Le\n", c, c); return 0; } 77
114 // showf_pt.c: # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float a = ; double b = 2.14 e9; long double c = e -5; printf ("%f can be written as %e\n", a, a); printf ("%f can be written as %e\n", b, b); printf ("%Lf can be written as %Le\n", c, c); return 0; } can be written as e can be written as e can be written as e
115 # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float toobig = 1 e39 ; printf (" toobig = %f\n",toobig ); return 0; } 78
116 # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float toobig = 1 e39 ; printf (" toobig = %f\n",toobig ); return 0; } toobig = inf 78
117 # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float toobig = 1 e39 ; printf (" toobig = %f\n",toobig ); return 0; } toobig = inf overflow C inf 78
118 # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float a,b; a = 2. e20 + 1; b = a - 2. e20 ; printf ("b = %f\n", b); return 0; } 79
119 # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float a,b; a = 2. e20 + 1; b = a - 2. e20 ; printf ("b = %f\n", b); return 0; } b =
120 # include <stdio.h> int main ( void ) { float a,b; a = 2. e20 + 1; b = a - 2. e20 ; printf ("b = %f\n", b); return 0; } b = e float
C C
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2013 ( 28 ) ( ) 1. C pa.c, pb.c, 2. C++ pa.cpp, pb.cpp Compilation Error long long cin scanf Time Limit Exceeded 1: A 10 B 1 C 1 D 5 E 5 F 1 G II 5 H 30 1 2013 C 1 #include 2 int main(void) 3
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( CIP) /. :, 2005. 2 ( ) ISBN 7-5624-3339-9.......... TP311. 1 CIP ( 2005) 011794 : : : : * : : 174 ( A ) :400030 : ( 023) 65102378 65105781 : ( 023) 65103686 65105565 : http: / /www. cqup. com. cn : fxk@cqup.
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Introduction to Programming ( 數 ) Lecture 3 Spring 2005 March 4, 2005 Lecture 2 Outline 數 料 If if 狀 if 2 (Standard Output, stdout): 料. ((Standard Input, stdin): 料. 類 數 數 數 說 printf 見 數 puts 串 數 putchar
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高 职 高 专 21 世 纪 规 划 教 材 C++ 程 序 设 计 邓 振 杰 主 编 贾 振 华 孟 庆 敏 副 主 编 人 民 邮 电 出 版 社 内 容 提 要 本 书 系 统 地 介 绍 C++ 语 言 的 基 本 概 念 基 本 语 法 和 编 程 方 法, 深 入 浅 出 地 讲 述 C++ 语 言 面 向 对 象 的 重 要 特 征 : 类 和 对 象 抽 象 封 装 继 承 等 主
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