Microsoft PowerPoint - EPS_Active Filter-ABB公司黃昭明主任 [相容模式]

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Microsoft PowerPoint - EPS_Active Filter-ABB公司黃昭明主任 [相容模式]"

胃伏
6 years ago
Views:

1 黃昭明 Front End Sales Taiwan ABB 主動濾波器原理 November,

2 如何解決諧波問題從用電設備結構方面的考量較精密設備或容易受到諧波干擾的設備應該隔離於諧波負載使用較多脈波數之驅動器利用特殊設計變壓器耦合此法通常僅適和於設計階段並非全部的非線性負載都適用可能造成較大投資成本, 同時需要更多的安裝空間 - 2

3 如何解決諧波問題被動濾波器 : 提供諧波電流低阻抗路徑 Series impedanc ce Capacitive behaviour Inductive behaviour R 濾波效能與電源系統阻抗有關有諧波濾波器過載的問題擴充容量不容易, 且占空間有諧波共振的危險多次諧波電流需要多組諧波濾波器 ( 帶通 ) 必定輸出電容性虛功交流變頻器不需要電容性虛功超前功因的進相電流對於發電機有不良的影響 ω 0 Frequency -3

4 如何解決諧波問題串聯被動與主動裝置 ( 串聯型主動濾波器 ) 其方法是提高諧波頻率之阻抗, 使諧波電流無法流回電源 i distortion ti Supply Series device Load 該裝置與負載串聯 : 需要高品質的旁通裝置 (bypass device) 影響供電至負載端電壓必須仔細預估負載電流的大小 (fundamental + harmonics) 擴充性較困難可能造成較高的諧波電壓 ( current has to flow ) -4

5 如何解決諧波問題使用低諧波變頻器 AC drives: Supply L1 L2 L3 Diode bridge rectifier DC link L + C - U d Inverter V1 V3 V5 V4 V6 V2 U1 V1 W1 Supply L1 L2 L3 Input filter L or LCL IGBT bid bridge L + C - U d Inverter V1 V3 V5 V4 V6 V2 U1 V1 W1-5

6 使用低諧波變頻器應用範圍使用低諧波變頻器可以控制 AC motors Motor M3 低諧波變頻器無法應用於交流馬達以外的負載, 例如三相四線式供電的辦公室有大量三次諧波 ( PQFK -application area) 直流馬達的控制其他 - 6

7 低壓電網電力品質改善 - 使用並聯型主動濾波器 Active filters: Supply Load Harmonics injection - 7

8 低壓電網電力品質改善 - 使用並聯型主動濾波器 ABB premium class Active Filters: - 8 PQFS PQFK PQFM PQFI Leading by excellence!

9 主動濾波器原理並聯運作方式 : 基本觀念主動濾波器與負載並聯, 對匯流排注入諧波電流 i distortion Supply Load Coupling system i compensation Active Filter -9

10 主動濾波器原理當今主動濾波器技術 : 選擇性濾波, 使用上更具彈性可以濾波至較高次如 47,49 次諧波補償功率因數 FUNDAMENTAL ONLY 負載不平衡補償 Feeder 輸出限制不過載可以輕易擴充容量電網資訊監控其他 PQF ONLY HARMONICS -10

11 主動濾波器原理 ABB Active harmonic filters(saf) 濾波原理 : 主動濾波器注入諧波電流, 其大小相等但是相角相反以抵消負載諧波電流 Wavefor rms CLEAN FEEDER CURRENT LOAD CURRENT -1.3 ACTIVE FILTER CURRENT Ha armonics = + -11

12 主動濾波器如何運作 (1) Output filter Line reactor PWM reactor -12 Control system PWM Inverter ete (IGBT-based)

13 主動濾波器如何運作 (2) Physical Signals Measurements State of the art digital DSP system Power inverter control signals -13 High filtering efficiency and reliability Modern digital technology using multi-dsp systems and MicroController

14 主動濾波器的運作模式 Highest PRIORITY Lowest -14 Mode 1 Filtering to curve Maximum filtering Reactive compensation Mode 2 Filtering to curve Reactive compensation Maximum filtering Mode 3 Filtering to curve Reactive compensation 虛功補償方式 : - 無 - 動態 (cosφ target) - 靜態 (constant Q) - 平衡負載

15 控制模式變換策略 Max. Filtering & Q Compensation Maximum Filtering Load increase Filtering to Curve Load Filtering to decrease Hardware Limits - 15

16 濾波器性能範圍 Technical requirements Filter upto H13 ABB Filter upto H50 Filter upto H25 符合諧波管制規範 -16

17 主動濾波器的控制迴路最佳的性能尤其是高次諧波必須使用閉迴路控制系統直接量測流回電源的諧波電流修正系統不確定性 closed loop Distortion ti 能夠直接比對各次諧波管制標準 source 可以改善功率因數簡單的 CT 接線容易擴充特性可以在主迴路或分路安裝主動濾波器 Active filter open loop Distortion source Active filter -17

18 主動濾波器的控制方法諧波性能使用頻率領域分析法提供可靠的控制系統 CLEAN FEEDER CURRENT LOAD CURRENT ACTIVE FILTER CURRENT = + 各次諧波 ( 含高次諧波 ) 控制尤其獨立的最佳化控制模型各自獨立的諧波濾波選擇功能可以充分使用濾波器資源配合閉迴路控制演算法, 允許使用者對各次諧波作設定 -18

Closed loop control PQF VFD Open loop operation Control point Other loads Control point CT : x/5a Directly control & measure THDI

19 為何使用閉迴路控制? 直接測量與控制流回電源系統諧波電流不使用計算值 THDI 不會出現錯誤的風險直接比對諧波電流是否符合管制標準簡單的 CT 接線一般型式 CT X/5A class 1 就足夠容易擴充容量較佳的控制精確度與安全性部分負載補償或全負載補償都適用 Closed loop control PQF VFD Open loop operation Control point Other loads Control point CT : x/5a Directly control & measure THDI and total load current then compensate VFD VFD VFD VFD spare Future extent ion = easy THDI =? unknown Total loads =? Unknown Pass/fail regulation =? Unknown CT:x/1A CT CT CT CT AF? VFD VFD VFD VFD VFD spare Other loads SCT Accuracy drop! Future extent ion =? -19

20 可控電壓源 : DC Bus 幾乎沒有能量損失, 能量只有 DC/AC 之間的轉換經由輸出電抗器轉換成為諧波電流基本波虛功率輸出作為功因補償或是負載平衡直流電容器 (DC capacitors) 儲存電能 (Store energy) 降低電壓變動 (Reduce voltage fluctuations) PQFI and M : 使用乾式直流電容器 (DRY FILM technology) => High current rating, environmental friendly, increased lifetime PQFK : 使用電解電容器 -20

21 可控電壓源 : DC Bus 安全性 (Safety): => 平衡電壓 + 低速放電電阻 => 主動放電系統 `Active Discharge System (ADS) 主動濾波器損失 Inverter losses (switching, conduction) Output filter resistors and reactors losses Discharge resistor losses -21 Inverter has to be able to inject currents on the network Self powered inverter : UDC > UNetPeak

22 可控電壓源 : 脈波寬度調變 Pulse Width Modulation U S+ If S+ is more often closed than S- 0<Uout<U R L Iout S- If S- is more often closed than S+ -U<Uout<0-22

23 可控電壓源 : 脈波寬度調變 Pulse Width Modulation Modulation frequency must be higher than useful frequency (Nyquist theorem) Filter harmonics up to 2500Hz PWM frequency higher than 5000Hz => PWM switching is synchronised with the network frequency - 23

24 可控電壓源 : IGBT Switches Switching device Controlled switching Harmonics up to 2500Hz UDC in the 1KV range Voltage controlled Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor / Free Wheel Diode - 24

25 可控電壓源 : Implementation IGBTs and FWDs + DC capacitors Low inductance bus bar Snubber capacitors - Balancing (discharge) resistors SKiiP solution (SemiKron Integrated Intelligent Power) -25

26 可控電壓源 : Implementation High performance semiconductors IGBTs Fast FWDs Internal IGBT driver Full galvanic insulation Error signals (OC, OT) Feedback of current information from all phases Reliability Easy to use Feedback of temperature information from all phases -26 Optical communication link between the main control unit and the power units for increased reliability

27 Voltage to Current Conversion PWM Reactors Controlled Voltage Source Controlled Current Source - 27

28 RMS current limitation I n = U AF n ω L + ACTIVE - FILTER - 28

29 RMS current limitation 250 A RMS fundamental Filtering capability 250 A RMS H2, H3, H4, H *5/n 5/n A RMS Hn 120 Any combination with 40 Harmonics maximum 250 A RMS

30 RMS current limitation I RMS = I H 2 I H_RMS -30

31 Peak voltage limitation No H 5 30% H 5 (0 ) 30% H 5 (180 ) 150% 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% -150% 150% 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% -150% 150% 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% -150% Peak 100% Peak 130% Peak 112% -31

32 CT 安裝位置 PQF LOAD LOAD LOAD ALWAYS CLOSED LOOP -32 PQF LOAD

33 CTs - Special arrangements (1) Physical installation possible only on side B Global compensation wanted (side A& side B) No access to transformer busbars LOADS LOADS (Side A) (Side B) PQF CTs connection? -33

34 CTs - Special arrangements (1) Summator CT x-x/5 Real CT ratio = 2x/5 LOADS LOADS (Side A) (Side B) PQF -34

35 CT - Summator connection Times 3 phases! S1 P1 S2 P2 S1 K S1 P3 S2 L S2 P4 PQF -35 Side A Side B P1 = PA1 P2 = PA2 P3 = PB1 P4 = PB2

36 CTs - Special arrangements (2) No access to transformer busbars Only load feeder can be accessed LOAD PQF CTs connection? - 36

37 CTs - Special arrangements (2) S1 S2 S1 P1 P2 P3 S1 S2 LOAD S2 l k PQF P4-37

38 CTs - Special arrangements (3) Tie normally open (independent transfos) PQF Must filter even in degraded mode (tie closed, only one transfo connected) PQF - 38

39 CTs - Special arrangements (3) S1 S2 I1 I0 I2 S1 S2 S1S2S P3P4 P1 P2 P1P2 P3 P4 S1S2 I 1-I 0 S1S2 I 2+I 0 PQF 1 PQF 2-39

40 主動濾波器與電容器 CT location & capacitor units 如果 CT 可以測量電容器電流時如果電容器並未串聯任何電抗器則主動濾波器在共振頻率會變成不穩定如果是非調諧電容器 (Detuned Capcitor) 則主動濾波器可能會過載, 如果諧波歧變過大建議使用加法比流器 (Summing CTs), 讓 CT 不要測量到電容器電流 - 40

41 應用例 : Variable speed drives in oil field LINE VOLTAGES & LINE CURRENTS AT PUMPING CLUSTER Volts Am mps :25: :25: :25: :25: :25: :25:43.77 CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC Amps -41 Waveform event at 22/11/01 10:25: Voltage: THDV = 12% Current: THDI = 27%

42 應用例 : Variable speed drives in oil field LINE VOLTAGES & LINE CURRENT WITH ACTIVE FILTER :41: :41: :41: :41: :41: :41: :41:55.7 CHA Volts CHB Volts CHC Volts CHA Amps CHB Amps CHC Amps Voltage: THDV = 2% Waveform event at 22/11/01 10:41: Current: THDI = 3% -42

43 應用例 : 三相四線式平衡負載功能 (Load Balancing) L1: 49.1 Arms L2: 5.3 Arms L3: 5.1 Arms N: 44.1 Arms L1: 19.6 Arms L2: 19.4 Arms N: 3.5 Arms -43 L3: 19.5 Arms

44 應用例 : 不平衡負載 Unbalanced load filtering Lo oad sid [200 L3 de curr 0A/div] L2 rents ] L1 Time [5ms/div] -44

45 應用例 : 不平衡負載 Unbalanced load filtering Sup pply si [200 L3 ide cur 0A/div] L2 rrents ] L1 Time [5ms/div] -45

46 TWABB Top 3 Priority In Taiwan, we Take Lead in Safety Take Pride in Ethics Take Heart in Quality 為工安帶頭以操守為榮對品質用心 - 46

47 - 47

Chroma 61500/ bit / RMS RMS VA ()61500 DSP THD /61508/61507/61609/61608/ (61500 ) Chroma STEP PULSE : LISTLIST 100 AC DC

Chroma 61500/ bit / RMS RMS VA ()61500 DSP THD /61508/61507/61609/61608/ (61500 ) Chroma STEP PULSE : LISTLIST 100 AC DC MODEL 61509/61508/61507/ 61609/61608/61607 PROGRAMMABLE AC POWER SOURCE MODEL 61509/61508/61507/ 61609/61608/61607 61509/61609: 6kVA 61508/61608: 4.5kVA 61507/61607: 3kVA : 0-175V/0-350V/Auto : DC, 15Hz-2kHz