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1 长江口营养盐结构特征及其对浮游植物的限制 李亚力 1, 沈志良, 线薇微 1, 刘素美 (1., 66100;., 66071) 摘要 : 根据 01 年 5 月 11 月两个航次的调查资料, 分析了长江口营养盐浓度及其结构的分布变化, 并探讨了营养盐对浮游植物的限制情况 长江口营养盐分布存在季节差异 : 口门外 NO -N NO -N 浓 度均为春季高秋季低, PO -P SiO -Si NH -N 浓度则秋季高春季低, 口门内除 NO -N 外, NO -N PO -P SiO -Si NH -N 浓度均为秋季高于春季 NO -N PO -P SiO -Si 浓度从近岸向外海逐渐降低, NO -N NH -N 浓度分布规律不明显 NO -N 是 DIN 的主要存在形态, 其占 DIN 的比例为春季 95% 秋季 8% 春季 秋季 DIN/P 均高于 16, 表现出长江口过量的 DIN 输入, 春季 Si/DIN 基本小于 1, 秋季 Si/DIN 大于 1 春季由于硅藻的局部生长使 DIN/P 异常升高 Si/DIN 异常降低, 秋季西北部海区受苏北沿岸流影响, 呈低 DIN/P 值和高 Si/DIN 值分布 受含过量 DIN SiO -Si 的长江冲 淡水的影响, 春 秋季均表现为 PO -P 潜在相对限制 春季由于浮游植物的大量吸收, 局部出现 PO -P SiO -Si 的绝对限制 当同时考虑绝对限制和潜在相对限制时, 春季 15.8% 的站位受 PO -P 限制, 限制情况较上世纪 90 年代更为突出 关键词 : 营养盐 ; 营养盐结构 ; 绝对限制 ; 潜在相对限制 ; 长江口中图分类号 : P7 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : (015) doi: /hykx , [1],, [], DIN PO -P,, SiO -Si, N/P Si/N, [],,, [],,, 01,,,, 1 材料和方法 01 5 () 11 (), 9 ( 1), ( NO -N) ( NO -N) ( NH -N)( PO -P) ( SiO -Si) a(chl a) (GB ), m, Whatman GF/F ( 50 6 h), ( HCl h, ),, : ; : : ( ); - (U1060); (JJ ) : (1989-),,,,, liyali001@16.com;,,,,, : , wwxian@qdio.ac.cn Marine Sciences / Vol. 9, No. /

2 Fig. 1 1 Sampling stations in the Yangtze River Estuary a, NO -N - NO -N - NH -N PO -P SiO -Si, Quattro, NO -N NO -N NH -N PO -P SiO -Si 0.0 µmol/l 1.6%; 0.0 µmol/l 0.%; 0.0 µmol/l.%; 0.01 µmol/l 1.%; 0.0 µmol/l 1.1%, 10 5 ( ) (DIN) NO -N NO -N NH -N 结果与讨论.1 营养盐浓度和分布特征 , DIN, DIN,, DIN NO -N NO -N, NH -N, NO -N NO -N NH -N kg/s kg/s, DIN, NO -N, 11 5 ( m ), NO -N, NO -N, [5-6] NO -N,, NH + -N,, NH + -N,, NH + -N 0.~0. µmol/l, NH + -N, NH + -N 1.~1.6 µmol/l PO -P, PO -P, 05.6 mg/l, 5.1 mg/l,, PO -P, PO -P, PO -P, [7],, PO -P PO -P, [8] PO -P,, NO -N SiO -Si PO -P ( PO -P.11 µmol/l 0 ), N, PO -P,,,, PO -P 0 80 [9] SiO -Si,,, SiO -Si, [10] SiO -Si, ( SiO -Si kg/s),,, SiO -Si, Chl-a 1.5 µg/l, 0.78 µg/l 16 / 015 / 9 /

3 表 1 长江口营养盐浓度 (µmol/l) Tab. 1 Concentrations of nutrients in Yangtze River Estuary(µmol/L) S.D S.D S.D S.D NO -N ~ ~ NO -N ~ ~ NH -N ~ ~ PO -P ~ ~ SiO -Si ~ ~ DIN ~ ~ DIN/P ~ ~ Si/DIN ~ ~ NO -N ~ ~ NO -N ~ ~ NH -N ~ ~ PO -P ~ ~ SiO -Si ~ ~ DIN ~ ~ DIN/P ~ ~ Si/DIN ~ ~ : DIN/P: DIN/ PO -P; Si/DIN: SiO -Si /DIN; DIN/P Si/DIN ; S.D:.1. DIN DIN NO -N NO -N NH -N, [11] DIN NO -N, NO -N NH -N, NH -N NO -N NO -N NO -N NH -N 9.76%.77%.7% 95.%.1%.6%; NO -N NO -N NH -N 8.07%.17% 1.76% 8.51%.8% 15.1% NO -N NO -N, NH -N 5 NH -N,, NH -N,, NH -N, NH -N, NH -N,, NH -N NO -N NO -N, [1], ( ),, [11]. 营养盐的结构分布特征, Si/DIN ( SiO - Si/DIN) 1( ), ~1.1 DIN [1], SiO -Si [1], DIN, SiO -Si, Si/DIN [15], - Si/DIN, [16], 1.5 ~ N 1.75 ~1.5 E Si/DIN, 0.18, [17-18],, 7 (1.75 N, 1 E), 10. µg/l, SiO -Si.05 µmol/l ( 1.5 N, 1 E) 1.06 µmol/l, Si/DIN DIN/P(DIN/ PO -P) , DIN/P 6.77~19.9, DIN/P, [19], Marine Sciences / Vol. 9, No. /

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5 Fig. The surface horizontal distribution of nutrients and salinity in the Yangtze River Estuary in spring and autumn a. NO -N; b. NO -N; c. NH -N; d. PO -P; e. SiO -Si; f. S NO -N NO -N NH -N Fig. The relative content of NO -N, NO -N and NH -N in the Yangtze River Estuary in spring and autumn Si/DIN DIN/P, 70, 7 PO -P 0.0 µmol/l, 0.0 µmol/l, PO -P Marine Sciences / Vol. 9, No. /

6 Fig. Si/DIN DIN/P The surface horizontal distribution of Si/DIN and DIN/P in the Yangtze River Estuary in spring and autumn, DIN/P ,,, 7.7 DIN, SiO -Si, Si/DIN, Si/DIN 1, Si/DIN , Si/DIN Si/DIN, SiO -Si DIN [0]. 营养盐限制的判断..1 Redfield [1], C.. N.. P= ( Redfield ), [], [],, Redfield [] Si.. DIN=1.. 1 DIN.. P= SiO -Si DIN [1], PO -P,, Si.. DIN=1.. 1, Si/DIN ( [15] ), PO -P, Si.. DIN=1.. 1, DIN.., [5] 10 / 015 / 9 /

7 Fig. 5 5 The scatter distribution of nutrient ratios in the Yangtze River Estuary in spring and autumn m n PO -P (P limitation), m f SiO -Si (Si limitation), n f DIN (N limitation), Nelson [6] : DIN:1 μmol/l P:0.1 μmol/l Si: μmol/l Fisher [7] DIN: μmol/l, P:0. μmol/l;, DIN ( ) PO -P,, PO -P, 0.1μmol/L SiO -Si, PO -P, SiO -Si [8], N/P, SiO -Si [9], PO -P SiO -Si,, SiO -Si,,,.. DIN PO -P, SiO -Si, DIN/P Si/DIN [8, 0], 0 80, 90 PO -P, 00 PO -P 90,, PO -P, 15.8%,, N/P, SiO -Si, N/P SiO -Si PO -P, N/P 表 长江口春 秋季表层 DIN PO -P 和 SiO -Si 绝对限制站位统计 Tab. The statistics of the stations which appear DIN, PO -P and SiO -Si absolute limitations in the Yangtze River Estuary in spring and autumn DIN<1µmol/L PO -P <0.1µmol/L SiO <µmol/l,, 6, 7, 1,, 7, 1, : Marine Sciences / Vol. 9, No. /

8 表 长江口不同年份春 秋季营养盐限制的出现频率 Tab. The probability of nutrient limitations in the Yangtze River Estuary in spring and autumn of different years (%) (%) (%) P Si N P Si N P Si N 1986* * * * : ; * [16] PO -P, N/P PO -P, PO -P DIN/P [] PO -P PO -P, 结论 (1) DIN NO -N, NO -N NO -N, NH -N PO -P SiO -Si, PO -P, NO -N PO -P SiO -Si, NO -N NH -N () DIN/P, Si/DIN 1, Si/DIN 1 DIN/P Si/DIN, DIN/P Si/DIN () PO -P, PO -P SiO -Si,, 15.8% PO -P, 0 90 : [1],. [J]., 007, 6(): [],,. [J]., 008, 7(5): / 015 / 9 / [] Li M, Xu K, Watanabe M, et al. Long-term variations in dissolved silicate, nitrogen, and phosphorus flux from the Yangtze River into the East China Sea and impacts on estuarine ecosystem [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 007, 71(1): -1. [],. 50 [J]., 01, 1(): [5],,. [J]., 00, (1): [6],,,. [J]., 011, (): [7],,,. [J]., 00, 1(7): [8],,,. [C]//.. :, [9],. [C]//,.. :, [10],. [J]., 009, 9: [11],,,. [M].:, [1] Sierra J. Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in a tropical soil: effects of fluctuating temperature conditions [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 00, (9): [1] Zhang J, Zhang Z F, Liu S M, et al. Human impacts on

9 the large world rivers: Would the Changjiang (Yangtze River) be an illustration?[j]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1999, 1(): [1] Zhang J, Ren J L, Liu S M, et al. Dissolved aluminum and silica in the Changjiang (Yangtze River): Impact of weathering in subcontinental scale [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 00, 17(): [15] Wang B. Cultural eutrophication in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) plume: History and perspective [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 006, 69(): [16]. [D].,, 001: 18-. [17],,,. 00 [J]., 00, 5(): -1. [18] Zhou M J, Shen Z L, Yu R C. Responses of a coastal phytoplankton community to increased nutrient input from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River [J]. Continental Shelf Research, 008, 8(1): [19] Wang B, Wang X, Zhan R. Nutrient conditions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 00, 58(1): [0],,,. [J]., 01, 5(): [1] Redfield A C, Ketchum B H, Richards F A. The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water[j]. The Sea, 196: [] Brzezinski M A. The Si: C: N ratio of marine diatoms interspecific variability and the effect of some environmental variables [J]. Journal of Phycology, 1985, 1(): [] Justic D, Rabalais N N, Turner R E. Stoichiometric nutrient balance and origin of coastal eutrophication[j]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1995, 0(1): 1-6. [] Wong G T F, Gong G C, Liu K K, et al. Excess Nitrate in the East China Sea [J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 1998, 6(): [5],. [J]., 1997, 8(5): [6] Nelson D M, Brzezinski M A. Kinetics of silicic acid uptake by natural diatom assemblages in two Gulf Stream warm-core rings [J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 1990, 6(): 8-9. [7] Fisher T R. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in Chesapeake Bay [J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 199, 8: [8]. [D]. :, 008: 15-. [9],,,. [J]., 00, 6: [0],,,. [J]., 007, 8(): Marine Sciences / Vol. 9, No. / 015 1

10 Structure characteristics of nutrients and their restrictive effect on phytoplankton in the Yangtze River Estuary LI Ya-li 1, SHEN Zhi-liang, XIAN Wei-wei, LIU Su-mei 1 (1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 66100, China;. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 66071, China) Received: Jul., 1, 01 Key words: nutrients; nutrients structure; absolute restriction; relative potential nutrients limitation; Yangtze River Estuary Abstract: The concentrations and spatial distribution of nutrients, nutrients structure characteristics and their restrictive effect on phytoplankton in the Yangtze River Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea were studied on the basis of two cruises in May and November. The results showed that the concentrations of NO -N and NO -N were higher in spring and lower in autumn outside the mouth, while PO -P, SiO -Si and NH -N have the opposite seasonal distribution. The concentrations of NO -N, PO -P, SiO -Si and NH -N were higher in autumn than those in spring inside the mouth. The concentrations of NO -N, PO -P and SiO -Si decreased from the inshore to the offshore gradually, but the distribution regularity of NO -N and NH -N was not obvious. NO -N was the main chemical pattern of DIN and occupied about 95% in spring and 8% in autumn in the water area. The proportion of DIN/P was above 16 in both spring and autumn, indicating the excessive DIN input in the estuary. The ratio of Si/DIN was below 1 in spring and higher than 1 in autumn. Due to the partly bloomed diatom in spring. The DIN/P ratio increased and Si/DIN ratio decreased abnormally. In autumn, affected by Subei Coastal Water, the northwest waters showed low DIN/P values and high Si/DIN distributions. In the investigated waters, the PO -P relative potential nutrients limitation was revealed under the influence of Changjiang Dilution Water with high DIN and SiO -Si both in spring and autumn, while regional PO -P and SiO -Si absolute limitation occurred in spring as a result of massive PO -P and SiO -Si uptake by phytoplankton. When both absolute limitation and relative potential nutrients limitation were considered, 15.8% of the stations presented PO -P limitation which was more serious than that in the 1990 s. ( 本文编辑 : 康亦兼 ) 1 / 015 / 9 /